Raw biochar can be enriched with nutrients from digestates through adsorption producing nutrient-enriched biochar.The nutrient-enriched biochar can be used as a soil amendment to support sustainable agriculture.This s...Raw biochar can be enriched with nutrients from digestates through adsorption producing nutrient-enriched biochar.The nutrient-enriched biochar can be used as a soil amendment to support sustainable agriculture.This study assessed the effect of adsorbent dose and contact time on the jackfruit waste biochar adsorption of essential nutrients of nitrogen,phosphors and potassium from the digestate.Response surface methodology(RSM)using central composite design(CCD)was utilized to optimize the adsorbent dose and contact time during the adsorption process.An adsorbent dose of 20–70 mg/g and contact time range of 48–120 h were used in this study.The optimal adsorbent dose and contact time were found to be 20 mg/g and 114.6 h,respectively.The corresponding optimum nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium adsorbed were 17.44,20.94,and 21.36 mg/g,respectively.Models for the prediction of these values for nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium had R2 values of 0.9801,0.9804 and 0.9843,respectively,and non-significant lack of fit(p<0.05).This indicates the suitability of the models in predicting the adsorption conditions of adsorbent dose and contact time to produce high-quality nutrient-enriched biochar.展开更多
Using ion beam biotechnology in combination with soil-less plant cultivation on artificial substratum (floating beds), the experiments were conducted with Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Plants were attached to floating-beds ...Using ion beam biotechnology in combination with soil-less plant cultivation on artificial substratum (floating beds), the experiments were conducted with Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Plants were attached to floating-beds which were placed on the surface of artificially nutrient-enriched tank water, in order to study the purification and remediation efficiency of ion beam-treated I. aquatica cultivars. The results show that N + ion beams with 25keV energy and dosages of 0, 2.6, 3.9, 5.2, 6.5, 7.8, 9.1×10 13N +(ions)/cm 2 affected I. aquatica dry seeds differently, with the dose of 3.9×10 13N + (ions)/cm 2 improving effectively the performance as expressed by various biological indices. After ion beam application, I. aquatica cultivars grew well in nutrient-enriched water bodies, increasing the growth of leaves and stem, number of leaves, length and area of roots, plant height, and weight more remarkably than observed in the control. The net removing rates of TN, TP were as high as 75% and 82%, respectively. Especially under the dose of 3.9×10 13N +(ions)/cm 2, the net removing rates of TN, TP were highest, for 77% and 85%, respectively. It was proved that ion beam application improves phytoremediation and may be used to purify nutrient rich water bodies.展开更多
The application of fungal biotechnology for nutrient value addition and improvement of agro-industrial wastes is critical in the development of protein-rich feed for livestock.This study evaluated conventional methods...The application of fungal biotechnology for nutrient value addition and improvement of agro-industrial wastes is critical in the development of protein-rich feed for livestock.This study evaluated conventional methods for protein enrichment of cassava peels by solid substrate fermentation using mono-and co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride.Sterile and non-sterile cassava peels inoculated with mono-cultures of A.niger or T.viride and co-cultures of A.niger and T.viride were spontaneously fermented for 21 days at 24℃.Fermented substrates were harvested at 0,7,14,and 21 days intervals,then oven-dried at 60℃,milled in a blender and further assayed for ash,carbohydrate,crude fibre,fat,and protein contents.Results showed that percentage increase in protein contents after 21 days incubation of sterile cassava peels were 71.02%(for mono-culture of A.niger)and 71.64%(for mono-culture of T.viride);co-culture of A.niger and T.viride yielded a 129.00%increase in protein.Enhanced percentage increase in protein content of the non-sterile cassava peels was 126.80%(for mono-culture of A.niger)and 168.34%(for mono-culture of T.viride)in contrast with 63.47%obtained for the co-culture of A.niger and T.viride in non-sterile cassava peels,which was attributable to possible antibiosis due to microbial competition.Ash content significantly(p≤0.05)increased for 21 days while carbohydrate,crude fibre and fat contents in both sterile and non-sterile cassava peels decreased over the same period.These findings underscore the fact that protein content of cassava peels can be significantly(p≤0.05)enriched through fungal biotechnology to produce value-added feed supplement for livestock.The practical implications of these findings are discussed.展开更多
基金Funding was received from Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture(BMLE),NO.2816PROCO04.
文摘Raw biochar can be enriched with nutrients from digestates through adsorption producing nutrient-enriched biochar.The nutrient-enriched biochar can be used as a soil amendment to support sustainable agriculture.This study assessed the effect of adsorbent dose and contact time on the jackfruit waste biochar adsorption of essential nutrients of nitrogen,phosphors and potassium from the digestate.Response surface methodology(RSM)using central composite design(CCD)was utilized to optimize the adsorbent dose and contact time during the adsorption process.An adsorbent dose of 20–70 mg/g and contact time range of 48–120 h were used in this study.The optimal adsorbent dose and contact time were found to be 20 mg/g and 114.6 h,respectively.The corresponding optimum nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium adsorbed were 17.44,20.94,and 21.36 mg/g,respectively.Models for the prediction of these values for nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium had R2 values of 0.9801,0.9804 and 0.9843,respectively,and non-significant lack of fit(p<0.05).This indicates the suitability of the models in predicting the adsorption conditions of adsorbent dose and contact time to produce high-quality nutrient-enriched biochar.
文摘Using ion beam biotechnology in combination with soil-less plant cultivation on artificial substratum (floating beds), the experiments were conducted with Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Plants were attached to floating-beds which were placed on the surface of artificially nutrient-enriched tank water, in order to study the purification and remediation efficiency of ion beam-treated I. aquatica cultivars. The results show that N + ion beams with 25keV energy and dosages of 0, 2.6, 3.9, 5.2, 6.5, 7.8, 9.1×10 13N +(ions)/cm 2 affected I. aquatica dry seeds differently, with the dose of 3.9×10 13N + (ions)/cm 2 improving effectively the performance as expressed by various biological indices. After ion beam application, I. aquatica cultivars grew well in nutrient-enriched water bodies, increasing the growth of leaves and stem, number of leaves, length and area of roots, plant height, and weight more remarkably than observed in the control. The net removing rates of TN, TP were as high as 75% and 82%, respectively. Especially under the dose of 3.9×10 13N +(ions)/cm 2, the net removing rates of TN, TP were highest, for 77% and 85%, respectively. It was proved that ion beam application improves phytoremediation and may be used to purify nutrient rich water bodies.
文摘The application of fungal biotechnology for nutrient value addition and improvement of agro-industrial wastes is critical in the development of protein-rich feed for livestock.This study evaluated conventional methods for protein enrichment of cassava peels by solid substrate fermentation using mono-and co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride.Sterile and non-sterile cassava peels inoculated with mono-cultures of A.niger or T.viride and co-cultures of A.niger and T.viride were spontaneously fermented for 21 days at 24℃.Fermented substrates were harvested at 0,7,14,and 21 days intervals,then oven-dried at 60℃,milled in a blender and further assayed for ash,carbohydrate,crude fibre,fat,and protein contents.Results showed that percentage increase in protein contents after 21 days incubation of sterile cassava peels were 71.02%(for mono-culture of A.niger)and 71.64%(for mono-culture of T.viride);co-culture of A.niger and T.viride yielded a 129.00%increase in protein.Enhanced percentage increase in protein content of the non-sterile cassava peels was 126.80%(for mono-culture of A.niger)and 168.34%(for mono-culture of T.viride)in contrast with 63.47%obtained for the co-culture of A.niger and T.viride in non-sterile cassava peels,which was attributable to possible antibiosis due to microbial competition.Ash content significantly(p≤0.05)increased for 21 days while carbohydrate,crude fibre and fat contents in both sterile and non-sterile cassava peels decreased over the same period.These findings underscore the fact that protein content of cassava peels can be significantly(p≤0.05)enriched through fungal biotechnology to produce value-added feed supplement for livestock.The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
