Garden nurseries in Linzhi City,Xizang were comprehensively investigated,132 garden plant species were covered.The investigation showed that garden nurseries in the local area remained in the initial development stage...Garden nurseries in Linzhi City,Xizang were comprehensively investigated,132 garden plant species were covered.The investigation showed that garden nurseries in the local area remained in the initial development stage,and the scale of most nurseries was small,and there was blank in many aspects of the landscape architecture industry.Most seedlings were introduced from the interior regions of China,self-bred seedlings in local nurseries accounted for only 32.68%.On the basis of the investigation results,garden nurseries in Linzhi City were analyzed specifi cally to fi gure out advantages and defi ciencies of local garden nurseries.展开更多
We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)status of ten nurseries suitable for restoration of dry evergreen Afromontane forests in Ethiopia.We quantified AMF root colonization(RC)and spore abundance(SA)in s...We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)status of ten nurseries suitable for restoration of dry evergreen Afromontane forests in Ethiopia.We quantified AMF root colonization(RC)and spore abundance(SA)in seedlings of nine native tree species namely Acacia abyssinica Hochst.ex Benth.,Cordia africana Lam.,Dovyalis abyssinica(A.Rich.)Warb.,H agenia abyssinica J.F.Gmel.,Juniperus procera Hochst.ex Endl.,Millettia ferruginea(Hochst.)Baker,Olea europaea L.subsp.c uspidata(Wall.ex G.Don)Cif.,Podocarpus falcatus(Thunb.)R.Br.ex Mirb.and Prunus africana(Hook.f.)Kalkman.We used the ink and vinegar method to stain AMF in roots.RC levels ranged from 8.00 to 99.67%and were generally higher than the RC levels reported from other similar nurseries in Ethiopia.SA levels ranged from 1 to 25 spores g~(-1)and werecomparable with some reports from the field in Ethiopia but they were lower than levels reported by another similar study.RC was more affected by host species than nursery location,while the reverse was true for SA.The results also showed that nursery management could improve AMF status among seedlings.When all nursery tree species were considered,RC and SA levels were unrelated.No strong correlation existed between the nursery management variables considered and RC or SA.However,considering C.africana,J.procera and P.falcatus separately,RC-age(r_(s)=0.829,P=0.042)correlation for O.europaea and RC-pot diameter(r_(s)=0.820,P=0.046),RC-pot volume(r_(s)=0.928,P=0.008)and SA-age(r_(s)=0.943,P=0.005)correlations for C.africana,were significant,strong and positive.Generally,most of the tree species and particularly,early-mid successional tree species had sufficient AMF inoculum.Hence,only the mid-late successional tree species;J.procera,P.falcatus,and P.africana may require AMF inoculation,preferably,during filed planting.Based on our results,age and pot volume were identified to be important variables potentially affecting RC and SA.To better understand the effects of these and other nursery management variables,additional study is required.We demonstrated for the first time that black Hero ink is suitable for staining root AMF and can be used in future AMF research.展开更多
Open earthen pond-based larviculture is the main method for rearing Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)larvae in China.Bacterioplankton play a vital role in aquaculture ecosystems,but their community succession th...Open earthen pond-based larviculture is the main method for rearing Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)larvae in China.Bacterioplankton play a vital role in aquaculture ecosystems,but their community succession throughout the larval nursery stages of E.sinensis in such systems is still poorly understood.Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing,this study characterized the dynamics of bacterioplankton communities during a complete E.sinensis larval rearing cycle in open earthen ponds.Results presented a distinct,unidirectional succession in bacterioplankton composition,characterized by a decrease in Alphaproteobacteria and an increase in Actinobacteria.Live feeds(Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina)significantly affected bacterioplankton communities directly through their biological activities and indirectly by modifying the structure of phytoplankton composition.In addition to live feeds,water temperature and dissolved oxygen were key environmental factors affecting the structure of bacterioplankton communities.Biotic interactions,specifically with phytoplankton and copepods,were key drivers of bacterioplankton succession.Routine feeding practices during larval cultivation decreased bacterioplankton network complexity and strengthened community stability.Keystone taxa,specifically OTU783(Rhodobacteraceae)and OTU1235(Microbacteriaceae),played an essential role in maintaining the community stability through recruiting more rare species during the later stages despite their low abundances.These outcomes advance our understanding of the mechanisms central to bacterioplankton community succession and stability in E.sinensis larviculture systems,offering critical insights for developing sustainable aquaculture management strategies.展开更多
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different dietary soybean meal(SBM)levels on jejunal immunity in nursery pigs at different days post-weaning.Methods Forty-eight pigs(6.2±0...Background The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different dietary soybean meal(SBM)levels on jejunal immunity in nursery pigs at different days post-weaning.Methods Forty-eight pigs(6.2±0.3 kg),weaned at 21 days of age,were assigned to 2 dietary treatments(n=12)in a randomized complete block design and fed for 20 or 42 d in 3 phases(10,10,and 22 d,respectively).The dietary treatments consisted of low and high SBM diets.On d 20 and 42,jejunal mucosa and tissue samples were collected.Treatments were arranged in 2×2 factors with dietary SBM levels(low and high SBM diets)and days post-weaning(20 d and 42 d post-weaning).Results Pigs fed high SBM diets had greater(P<0.05)relative abundance(RA)of jejunal Prevotella,tended to have greater(P=0.091)jejunal IgA,had greater(P<0.05)crypt depth,and tended to have lower(P=0.064)villus height to crypt depth ratio(VH:CD)than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning had greater(P<0.05)RA of jejunal Lactobacillus and had greater(P<0.05)jejunal IL-8 and protein carbonyl than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning tended to have greater(P=0.090)jejunal IgG,tended to have lower(P=0.059)jejunal IgA,and had greater(P<0.05)proportion(%)of Ki-67+cells in the jejunal crypt than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Conclusion Pigs fed high SBM diets showed greater RA of Staphylococcus,a greater immune response,and a decreased VH:CD in the jejunum than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning were more susceptible to jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage than pigs at 42 d post-weaning,but the negative impacts of high SBM diets on jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage were consistent compared to low SBM diets at 20 d and 42 d post-weaning.展开更多
To promote the growth of cutting seeding of poplar(Populus L.),nitrogen(N)fertilizer and surface weed managements were required.We here conducted a pot experiment to examine the effects of natural vegetation,barnyardg...To promote the growth of cutting seeding of poplar(Populus L.),nitrogen(N)fertilizer and surface weed managements were required.We here conducted a pot experiment to examine the effects of natural vegetation,barnyardgrass(Echinochloa Beauv.),and sesbania(Sesbania cannabina pers.)on the growth of poplar cutting seedlings,soil properties,and ammonia(NH3)volatilization under three N inputs(0,0.5,and 1.5 g/pot,i.e.,N0,N0.5,and N1,respectively).Results showed that N application promoted the growth of poplar cutting seedlings,including plant height,ground diameter,and biomass,compared with N0 treatment.Moreover,under N0,sesbania significantly increased the plant height by 87.1%,barnyardgrass and sesbania significantly increased the ground diameter(16.2%and 51.5%),and biomass(67.4%and 74.7%)of poplar cutting seedlings,compared with natural vegetation management.Compared to natural vegetation,soil organic matter(SOM)of barnyardgrass and sesbania covered soil significantly increased by 12.4%and 18.7%at N1,respectively.In addition,soil total N(TN)content was significantly increased by 15.8%in barnyardgrass planted at N0.The soil ammonium N(NH_(4)^(+)-N)content decreased with the planting of barnyardgrass and sesbania across all levels of N application.At N0.5,the nitrate N(NO_(3)^(−)-N)content of soil planted with barnyardgrass significantly increased compared to both the natural vegetation and the sesbania groups.Compared to the natural vegetation,the soil available phosphorus(AP)content of the barnyardgrass group significantly increasing by 78.8%at N0.5,soil available potassium(AK)content was significantly reduced by 12.5%in the sesbania group at N0 and increased by 24.1%in the barnyardgrass group at N1.We found that cumulative NH3 emissions were significantly higher in all treatment groups at the N1 level than that at the N0.5 level,while the differences among the three plants treated were not significant.The results suggest that both barnyardgrass and sesbania promote seedling growth in the short term,while also increase certain properties.Therefore,effective herb management during the seedling stage is recommended in nurseries to support seedling growth and retain soil fertility.展开更多
Background This study investigated the effects of different non-starch polysaccharide(NSP)sources with NSP degrading enzymes(NSPases)and the influence on the mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal immunity of nur...Background This study investigated the effects of different non-starch polysaccharide(NSP)sources with NSP degrading enzymes(NSPases)and the influence on the mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal immunity of nursery pigs,on growth performance and carcass traits at market weight.Methods One hundred and sixty newly weaned pigs at 7.0±0.3 kg body weight(BW)were allotted in a 2×2 factorial with NSP sources and NSPases serving as factors.The 4 dietary treatments were:DDGS,corn distillers'dried grains with solubles as source of NSP;DDGS+NSPases(DDGS+),DDGS with xylanase at 0.01%,3,000 U/kg of feed andβ-mannanase at 0.05%,400 U/kg of feed;SHWB,soybean hulls and wheat bran replacing corn DDGS as the source of NSP;SHWB with NSPases(SHWB+),SHWB with xylanase at 0.01%,3,000 U/kg of feed andβ-mannanase at 0.05%,400 U/kg of feed.Pigs were fed for 37 d and housed in groups of 4 pigs per pen.At d 37,the median body weight pig in each pen was euthanized for sampling to analyze intestinal health parameters.Remaining pigs were fed a common diet for subsequent phases to evaluate the carryover effect on growth and carcass traits.Results The SHWB decreased(P<0.05)the relative abundance of Helicobacter,tended to increase(P=0.074)the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,increased(P<0.05)immunoglobulin G(IgG)in the jejunal mucosa,tended to increase(P=0.096)the villus height(VH)in the jejunum,and tended to improve ADG(P=0.099)and feed efficiency(P=0.068)during phase 1 compared to DDGS treatment.Supplementation of NSPases increased(P<0.05)Shannon index of diversity,increased the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Acinetobacter,and tended to increase(P=0.082)dry matter digestibility.The BW of pigs fed SHWB was more uniform(P<0.05)at the end of the 120 d study.Additionally,hot carcass weight of pigs fed SHWB tended to be more uniform(P=0.089)than DDGS treatment.Conclusion Soybean hulls and wheat bran replacing DDGS in nursery diets improved uniformity of pigs at market weight,which might be attributed to beneficial modulation of the mucosa-associated microbiota and enhanced intestinal morphology during the nursery phase.Supplementation of NSPases had beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota,digestibility,and intestinal immunity in SHWB treatment,whereas no carryover effects were overserved at market weight.展开更多
Coral gardening has become a promising technique for restoring reefs worldwide in the Anthropocene era.The microbiome plays an important role in enhancing adaptive resilience in situ nursery propagation of corals.Howe...Coral gardening has become a promising technique for restoring reefs worldwide in the Anthropocene era.The microbiome plays an important role in enhancing adaptive resilience in situ nursery propagation of corals.However,little is known about the response patterns of bacterial community dynamics,co-occurrence networks and assembly processes of different species in coral restoration nurseries over time.Here,we collected two Acropora coral samples from transplanted fragments and source colonies at 1-month and 3-month post-transplantation(May and July 2022)in an upwelling-affected fragmented reef.Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that bacterial communities of coral fragments in nurseries exhibited consistent temporal shifts compared to those of the source colonies.High host specificity was observed in the bacterial community and network structure associated with source colonies.In contrast,for the two coral species within nurseries,there were no differences in bacterial diversity,composition and core microbiome.Stochastic assembly processes were identified as the primary drivers of bacterial communities in all May samples,whereas deterministic processes played a more prominent role in July.Seawater properties(e.g.,temperature and ammonium concentration)partially explained the compositional changes in the bacterial communities of these coral samples.Our findings suggested that coral nurseries contributed to the homogenization of bacterial communities in different Acropora corals,despite the apparent temporal dynamics of bacteria.These results enhance our understanding of the coral microbiome,ecological interactions and assembly principles in different host within in situ nurseries.展开更多
In order to discuss the localization application technology of cotton seedling using substrate, the author used cotton seed hulls after the production of edible fungi residue, river sand and peat in different proporti...In order to discuss the localization application technology of cotton seedling using substrate, the author used cotton seed hulls after the production of edible fungi residue, river sand and peat in different proportion formula using in field and laboratory cotton seedling test. The results showed that： dry mass per plant and leaf area per plant of formula 3 were higher than Jiangxi cotton seedling nurs- ery substrate.the higher proportion were 48.4% and 73.5%; the rate of forming plantlets, survival rate of transplant and the unginned cotton yield had no obvious difference with the other matrix seedling and transplanting; nursery substrate was returned using as fertilizer, reduced environment pollution, achieved comprehensive utilization and cyclic utilization. Cotton seed hulls after the production of edible fungi residue was a cotton seedling substrate material of saving work,reducing cost and protecting environment and would have a good application prospect.展开更多
The Araucaria forest ecosystem in southern Brazil is highly threatened: less than one percent of the original forest remains, and what is left is a fragmented agro-mosaic of mostly early-to-late secondary forest patch...The Araucaria forest ecosystem in southern Brazil is highly threatened: less than one percent of the original forest remains, and what is left is a fragmented agro-mosaic of mostly early-to-late secondary forest patches among high-yield agriculture and timber monocultures. Forest restoration initiatives in this region aim to restore degraded areas, however the limited number of species used in restoration projects represents a missed opportunity for species-rich plantings. High diversity plantings represent a larger number of functional groups and provide a targeted conservation strategy for the high number of threatened species within this ecosystem. This study interviewed nurseries(Ns) and restoration practitioners(RPs) in Parana and Santa Catarina states to identify what species are being cultivated and planted, and what factors are driving the species selection process. An average of 20 species were reportedly used in restoration plantings, most of which are common, widespread species. Baseline data confirms that Ns and RPs have disproportionately low occurrences of threatened species in their inventories and plantings, supporting findings from previous research. Questionnaire responses reveal that opportunities for seed acquisition are an extremely important factor in order for nurseries to increase their diversity of cultivated species. Results also suggest that facilitating speciesrich plantings for restoration practitioners would only be feasible if it did not increase the time required to complete planting projects, as it would minimize their ability to keep costs low. This study proposes solutions for increasing the number of species used in restoration practicedsuch as developing a comprehensive species list, fostering knowledge-sharing between actors, creating seed sharing programs, and increasing coordination of planting projects. Long-term strategies involve complimenting traditional ex situ approaches with emerging inter-situ and quasi in situ conservation strategies which simultaneously provide long-term preservation of genetic diversity and increase seed production of target species.展开更多
By taking Huangcheng Garden Ecological Sightseeing Park for example,the study was conducted from the aspects of its general situation,planning target and guiding ideology,planning layout and landscape planning,project...By taking Huangcheng Garden Ecological Sightseeing Park for example,the study was conducted from the aspects of its general situation,planning target and guiding ideology,planning layout and landscape planning,project planning,and road traffic engineering planning;proposed seven principles for planning and design of sightseeing nursery,so as to provide reference for planning and design of garden nursery of the similar type.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth and sound seedling index of green cabbage seedlings. [Method] A seedling-raising orthogonal test was carried o...[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth and sound seedling index of green cabbage seedlings. [Method] A seedling-raising orthogonal test was carried out on green cabbage under different irrigation upper limits and different substrate nutrient levels. [Result] Proper irrigation could promote leaf expansion, while excessive irrigation wa- ter inhibited leaf expansion; fertilization inhibited leaf expansion; and water and fertil- izing coupling showed a superimposed effect on leaf expansion. Proper irrigation promoted stem and root growth; fertilization inhibited stem and root growth; and there was a very strong water and fertilizer interaction effect. Under more irrigation water and proper fertilizing amount, root growth was promoted, stem elongation was inhibited, material accumulation of plants was increased, and sound seedling index was improved. [Conclusion] Water and fertilizer coupling effect could be used for regulating growth and development of various organs of green cabbage and improv- ing seedling-raising efficiency and quality.展开更多
Although nursery rhymes and other texts for children often involve implausible or even fantastic combinations of elements,children seem to have no trouble following them.The paper tries to account for the phenomenon i...Although nursery rhymes and other texts for children often involve implausible or even fantastic combinations of elements,children seem to have no trouble following them.The paper tries to account for the phenomenon in perspective of mental space theory,suggesting that children are adept at the sort of mental process called as conceptual integration.展开更多
The aim of this research was to evaluate weathered spent mushroom substrate （SMS）, made from spent Flammulina velutipes mushroom substrate, as a growing medium for nursery seedlings. Two vegetable species, cucumber ...The aim of this research was to evaluate weathered spent mushroom substrate （SMS）, made from spent Flammulina velutipes mushroom substrate, as a growing medium for nursery seedlings. Two vegetable species, cucumber （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinchun No. 2） and tomato （Solanurn lycopersicum L. cv. Mandy）, were grown in 8 media of SMS in various ratios with perlite or vermiculite. A mixed substrate of peat with perlite （1：1; v：v） was used as the control （CK）. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions. Prior to sowing, some physical and chemical properties of the growing media were determined. Results showed that all the mixtures had desirable physical and chemical properties for their use in nursery tomato and cucumber seedlings except for the T4 （SMS：vermiculite = 1：1; v：v） and the T8 （SMS：perlite = 2：1; v：v） mixtures. Compared with the CK, increased plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and index of seedling quality were found in the T3 （SMS：vermiculite = 2：1; v：v） and T6 （SMS：perlite = 4：1; v：v） growing media. SMS should be considered as an alternative for the widely used but expensive and resource-limited peat in greenhouse cultivation.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh fermented soybean meal（FSM） on the growth performance of nursery piglets, nitrogen excretion in feces, and the concentrations of ammonia（NH3） and partic...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh fermented soybean meal（FSM） on the growth performance of nursery piglets, nitrogen excretion in feces, and the concentrations of ammonia（NH3） and particulate matter（PM） in the piggery. A total of 472 nursery piglets（Landrace×Yorkshire,（16.3±0.36） kg body weight） were randomly allocated into two treatments with 236 pigs in each treatment. The pigs were fed the basal diet without fresh FSM（control） or diet containing 10%（100 g/kg） fresh FSM（FSM group）, and the crude protein content of the two groups was consistent. The feeding trial lasted for 28 d. The results showed that the pigs fed fresh FSM had increased（P〈0.05） average daily gain（ADG） compared with the control. There was no significant difference（P〈0.05） in feed to gain ratio（F：G） between the two groups. During the whole experiment, the concentration of NH3 in the piggery decreased（P〈0.05） by 19.0%, and the concentrations of PM（PM（10） and PM（2.5）） in the piggery decreased（P〈0.05） by 19.9% and 11.6%, respectively, in the FSM group, compared with the control. The ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in feces increased（P〈0.05） by 32.9% and 28.4%, respectively, in the FSM group. The fecal p H declined（P〈0.05） significantly in the FSM group compared with the control. At the end of experiment, total protein（TP） concentration was increased（P〈0.05） significantly and blood urea nitrogen（BUN） concentration was decreased（P〈0.05） for pigs fed the diet with fresh FSM. The results indicated that dietary fresh FSM not only improved the growth performance of nursery piglets, but also reduced the NH3 concentration in the piggery due to nitrogen conversion, and decreased the concentrations of PM（10） and PM（2.5） in the piggery.展开更多
Background Soy protein supplements,with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors,are produced from soybean meal by different processes.This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein sup...Background Soy protein supplements,with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors,are produced from soybean meal by different processes.This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein supplements replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on the intestinal immune status,intestinal oxidative stress,mucosaassociated microbiota,and growth performance of nursery pigs.Methods Sixty nursery pigs(6.6±0.5 kg BW)were allotted to five treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks.Pigs were fed for 39 d in 3 phases(P1,P2,and P3).Treatments were:Control(CON),basal diet with fish meal 4%,2%,and 1%,poultry meal 10%,8%,and 4%,and blood plasma 4%,2%,and 1%for P1,P2,and P3,respectively;basal diet with soy protein concentrate(SPC),enzyme-treated soybean meal(ESB),fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus(FSBL),and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus(FSBB),replacing 1/3,2/3,and 3/3 of animal protein supplements for P1,P2,and P3,respectively.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.Results The SPC did not affect the BW,ADG,and G:F,whereas it tended to reduce(P=0.094)the ADFI and tended to increase(P=0.091)crypt cell proliferation.The ESM did not affect BW,ADG,ADFI,and G:F,whereas tended to decrease(P=0.098)protein carbonyl in jejunal mucosa.The FSBL decreased(P<0.05)BW and ADG,increased(P<0.05)TNF-α,and Klebsiella and tended to increase MDA(P=0.065)and IgG(P=0.089)in jejunal mucosa.The FSBB tended to increase(P=0.073)TNF-α,increased(P<0.05)Clostridium and decreased(P<0.05)Achromobacter and alpha diversity of microbiota in jejunal mucosa.Conclusions Soy protein concentrate,enzyme-treated soybean meal,and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus could reduce the use of animal protein supplements up to 33%until 7 kg body weight,up to 67%from 7 to 11 kg body weight,and entirely from 11 kg body weight without affecting the intestinal health and the growth performance of nursery pigs.Fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus,however,increased the immune reaction and oxidative stress in the intestine consequently reducing the growth performance.展开更多
To help farmers in the mid hills of Nepal improve their crop management and rice yields, we conducted a study testing different nursery management options and their effect on grain yield and yield components under rai...To help farmers in the mid hills of Nepal improve their crop management and rice yields, we conducted a study testing different nursery management options and their effect on grain yield and yield components under rainfed conditions. The experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field during the cropping season 2009 and 2010 at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal, using a 3-factor factorial RCB design with 3 replications. The three management factors tested were 1) fertilizer management in the nursery, 2) seeding density, and 3) seedling age at transplanting, using the rainfed lowland rice variety Radha-4. There were eight treatment combinations, consisting of two levels of fertilization (0 and 20:20:0:13 kg NPKS ha-1 at 15 DAS), two levels of seeding density (607 and 303 g·m-2) and two seedling ages (20 and 40 days old). Two years’ results showed that top-dressed fertilizer in the nursery had no consistent effect on grain yield. However, lower seeding density (303 g·m-2) resulted in taller plants, more productive tillers m-2, less sterility and higher grain yield. In addition, older seedlings (40 days) produced taller plants, more productive tillers, more filled grains, and a higher grain and straw yield. The interaction analysis between both factors indicated that 40 days old seedling with a low seeding density produced the highest grain yield, both in the drought season 2009 and the high-yielding season 2010. The economic analysis confirmed that the treatment with low seeding density and 40 days old seedlings produced by far the highest net returns and B:C ratio in both seasons, independent of the fertilizer treatment. The combination of these two management components is therefore economically viable and profitable, and can be recommended to farmers. However, the results need to be confirmed for other varieties used by farmers in the region.展开更多
The severe and rapid attack on the Caicos pine Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis(Pinaceae) by the nonnative invasive pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis, has resulted in the death of most of the trees in the Turk...The severe and rapid attack on the Caicos pine Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis(Pinaceae) by the nonnative invasive pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis, has resulted in the death of most of the trees in the Turks and Caicos Islands(TCI) in just over a decade. Local and international conservation efforts have enabled the necessary multi-disciplinary research, data gathering, and monitoring to develop and implement a restoration strategy for this endemic tree from the Bahaman archipelago. The native plant nursery established on North Caicos and horticultural expertise acquired throughout the years were crucial to the successful rescue of Caicos pine saplings from the wild populations and cultivation of new saplings grown from locally sourced seeds. These saplings have been used to establish six Restoration Trial Plots on Pine Cay and a seed orchard on North Caicos in TCI. Core Conservation Areas(CCAs) for the Caicos pine forests have been identified and mapped. To date, forest within the Pine Cay CCA has been supplemented by planting more than 450 pine trees, which have survived at a high(>80%)rate.展开更多
Lonicera confusa, a traditional Chinese medicine herb for treating cold, flu, acute fever, and so forth, is often grown artificially in acidic soils and suffers from phosphorus (P) deficiency. A five-year field experi...Lonicera confusa, a traditional Chinese medicine herb for treating cold, flu, acute fever, and so forth, is often grown artificially in acidic soils and suffers from phosphorus (P) deficiency. A five-year field experiment was carried out to study the colonization rate, growth, nutrition, and chlorogenic acid content of Lonicera confusa seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus etunicatum and Glomus intraradices. Before transplanting into a field, both AM-inoculated and uninoculated control plants were cultured in nursery beds. In the plants inoculated with the AM fungi, the colonization rate decreased linearly with time and a greater decrease was observed in the plants inoculated with G. intraradices than with G. etunicatum, while the AM colonization increased from 0% to 12.1% in the uninoculated control plants 5 years after transplanting. Plant height, crown diameter, number of new branches, and flower yield increased significantly by AM inoculation as compared to the uninoculated control. Phosphorus concentrations in leaves and flowers increased, and plant uptake of nutrients, e.g., nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K), was also enhanced significantly by AM inoculation. The Lonicera confusa seedlings had a better response to inoculation of G. intraradices than G. etunicatum in both growth and chlorogenic acid content in flowers. In contrast, both plant P uptake and P concentrations in leaves and flowers were similar between two fungal inoculations. The positive responses of Lonicera confusa to AM inoculation in growth, nutrient uptake, flowering, and chlorogenic acid content in flowers suggested that AM inoculation in nursery beds could promote the plant growth and increase chlorogenic acid content in flowers of Lonicera confusa when grown on acidic and P-deficient soils.展开更多
A study was conducted to test the influence of different inorganic fertilizers （phosphorous and potassium） on the nodulation and growth of Dalbergia sissoo grown in the nursery. Before seeds sowing, different combin...A study was conducted to test the influence of different inorganic fertilizers （phosphorous and potassium） on the nodulation and growth of Dalbergia sissoo grown in the nursery. Before seeds sowing, different combinations of P, K fertilizers were incorporated with the nutrient-deficient natural forest soils, and then amended with cowdung （soil： cowdung = 3：1）. Nodulation status （nodule number, shape, fresh weight, dry weight and color） in the roots and the plant growth parameters （length of shoot and root, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root） were recorded 60 days after seeds sowing. Nodulation status and growth of the plants varied significantly （P〈0.05） in the soils amended with fertilizers in comparison to the control. The highest nodule number （62）, fresh （0.50 g） and dry （0.07 g） weights were recorded with the dose of PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm2. Nodule shape and color also varied widely in different treatments. In case of plant growth parameters, shoot and root length, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of the plants took on a significant difference （P〈0.05） among various combination of fertilizers. From the study, it is revealed that PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm^2 fertilizer with soil and cowdung mixture （soil： eowdung = 3：1） is recommended for optimum growth and nodule formation of D. sissoo in degraded soils at a nursery level.展开更多
基金Sponsored by Key Program of National Science and Technology Support Plan(2013BAJ03B00)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51568059)
文摘Garden nurseries in Linzhi City,Xizang were comprehensively investigated,132 garden plant species were covered.The investigation showed that garden nurseries in the local area remained in the initial development stage,and the scale of most nurseries was small,and there was blank in many aspects of the landscape architecture industry.Most seedlings were introduced from the interior regions of China,self-bred seedlings in local nurseries accounted for only 32.68%.On the basis of the investigation results,garden nurseries in Linzhi City were analyzed specifi cally to fi gure out advantages and defi ciencies of local garden nurseries.
文摘We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)status of ten nurseries suitable for restoration of dry evergreen Afromontane forests in Ethiopia.We quantified AMF root colonization(RC)and spore abundance(SA)in seedlings of nine native tree species namely Acacia abyssinica Hochst.ex Benth.,Cordia africana Lam.,Dovyalis abyssinica(A.Rich.)Warb.,H agenia abyssinica J.F.Gmel.,Juniperus procera Hochst.ex Endl.,Millettia ferruginea(Hochst.)Baker,Olea europaea L.subsp.c uspidata(Wall.ex G.Don)Cif.,Podocarpus falcatus(Thunb.)R.Br.ex Mirb.and Prunus africana(Hook.f.)Kalkman.We used the ink and vinegar method to stain AMF in roots.RC levels ranged from 8.00 to 99.67%and were generally higher than the RC levels reported from other similar nurseries in Ethiopia.SA levels ranged from 1 to 25 spores g~(-1)and werecomparable with some reports from the field in Ethiopia but they were lower than levels reported by another similar study.RC was more affected by host species than nursery location,while the reverse was true for SA.The results also showed that nursery management could improve AMF status among seedlings.When all nursery tree species were considered,RC and SA levels were unrelated.No strong correlation existed between the nursery management variables considered and RC or SA.However,considering C.africana,J.procera and P.falcatus separately,RC-age(r_(s)=0.829,P=0.042)correlation for O.europaea and RC-pot diameter(r_(s)=0.820,P=0.046),RC-pot volume(r_(s)=0.928,P=0.008)and SA-age(r_(s)=0.943,P=0.005)correlations for C.africana,were significant,strong and positive.Generally,most of the tree species and particularly,early-mid successional tree species had sufficient AMF inoculum.Hence,only the mid-late successional tree species;J.procera,P.falcatus,and P.africana may require AMF inoculation,preferably,during filed planting.Based on our results,age and pot volume were identified to be important variables potentially affecting RC and SA.To better understand the effects of these and other nursery management variables,additional study is required.We demonstrated for the first time that black Hero ink is suitable for staining root AMF and can be used in future AMF research.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(No.2022YFD2400700)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe Open Competition Project(No.JBGS[2021]127)from the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiangsu Provincepartially supported by the platform project of Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals(No.2021-KJ-02-12)。
文摘Open earthen pond-based larviculture is the main method for rearing Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)larvae in China.Bacterioplankton play a vital role in aquaculture ecosystems,but their community succession throughout the larval nursery stages of E.sinensis in such systems is still poorly understood.Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing,this study characterized the dynamics of bacterioplankton communities during a complete E.sinensis larval rearing cycle in open earthen ponds.Results presented a distinct,unidirectional succession in bacterioplankton composition,characterized by a decrease in Alphaproteobacteria and an increase in Actinobacteria.Live feeds(Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina)significantly affected bacterioplankton communities directly through their biological activities and indirectly by modifying the structure of phytoplankton composition.In addition to live feeds,water temperature and dissolved oxygen were key environmental factors affecting the structure of bacterioplankton communities.Biotic interactions,specifically with phytoplankton and copepods,were key drivers of bacterioplankton succession.Routine feeding practices during larval cultivation decreased bacterioplankton network complexity and strengthened community stability.Keystone taxa,specifically OTU783(Rhodobacteraceae)and OTU1235(Microbacteriaceae),played an essential role in maintaining the community stability through recruiting more rare species during the later stages despite their low abundances.These outcomes advance our understanding of the mechanisms central to bacterioplankton community succession and stability in E.sinensis larviculture systems,offering critical insights for developing sustainable aquaculture management strategies.
文摘Background The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different dietary soybean meal(SBM)levels on jejunal immunity in nursery pigs at different days post-weaning.Methods Forty-eight pigs(6.2±0.3 kg),weaned at 21 days of age,were assigned to 2 dietary treatments(n=12)in a randomized complete block design and fed for 20 or 42 d in 3 phases(10,10,and 22 d,respectively).The dietary treatments consisted of low and high SBM diets.On d 20 and 42,jejunal mucosa and tissue samples were collected.Treatments were arranged in 2×2 factors with dietary SBM levels(low and high SBM diets)and days post-weaning(20 d and 42 d post-weaning).Results Pigs fed high SBM diets had greater(P<0.05)relative abundance(RA)of jejunal Prevotella,tended to have greater(P=0.091)jejunal IgA,had greater(P<0.05)crypt depth,and tended to have lower(P=0.064)villus height to crypt depth ratio(VH:CD)than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning had greater(P<0.05)RA of jejunal Lactobacillus and had greater(P<0.05)jejunal IL-8 and protein carbonyl than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning tended to have greater(P=0.090)jejunal IgG,tended to have lower(P=0.059)jejunal IgA,and had greater(P<0.05)proportion(%)of Ki-67+cells in the jejunal crypt than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Conclusion Pigs fed high SBM diets showed greater RA of Staphylococcus,a greater immune response,and a decreased VH:CD in the jejunum than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning were more susceptible to jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage than pigs at 42 d post-weaning,but the negative impacts of high SBM diets on jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage were consistent compared to low SBM diets at 20 d and 42 d post-weaning.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Programof Jiangsu Province,China for“Carbon Dioxide Emission Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”(BE2022307).
文摘To promote the growth of cutting seeding of poplar(Populus L.),nitrogen(N)fertilizer and surface weed managements were required.We here conducted a pot experiment to examine the effects of natural vegetation,barnyardgrass(Echinochloa Beauv.),and sesbania(Sesbania cannabina pers.)on the growth of poplar cutting seedlings,soil properties,and ammonia(NH3)volatilization under three N inputs(0,0.5,and 1.5 g/pot,i.e.,N0,N0.5,and N1,respectively).Results showed that N application promoted the growth of poplar cutting seedlings,including plant height,ground diameter,and biomass,compared with N0 treatment.Moreover,under N0,sesbania significantly increased the plant height by 87.1%,barnyardgrass and sesbania significantly increased the ground diameter(16.2%and 51.5%),and biomass(67.4%and 74.7%)of poplar cutting seedlings,compared with natural vegetation management.Compared to natural vegetation,soil organic matter(SOM)of barnyardgrass and sesbania covered soil significantly increased by 12.4%and 18.7%at N1,respectively.In addition,soil total N(TN)content was significantly increased by 15.8%in barnyardgrass planted at N0.The soil ammonium N(NH_(4)^(+)-N)content decreased with the planting of barnyardgrass and sesbania across all levels of N application.At N0.5,the nitrate N(NO_(3)^(−)-N)content of soil planted with barnyardgrass significantly increased compared to both the natural vegetation and the sesbania groups.Compared to the natural vegetation,the soil available phosphorus(AP)content of the barnyardgrass group significantly increasing by 78.8%at N0.5,soil available potassium(AK)content was significantly reduced by 12.5%in the sesbania group at N0 and increased by 24.1%in the barnyardgrass group at N1.We found that cumulative NH3 emissions were significantly higher in all treatment groups at the N1 level than that at the N0.5 level,while the differences among the three plants treated were not significant.The results suggest that both barnyardgrass and sesbania promote seedling growth in the short term,while also increase certain properties.Therefore,effective herb management during the seedling stage is recommended in nurseries to support seedling growth and retain soil fertility.
基金funded by North Carolina Agricultural Foundation(Raleigh,NC,USA)USDA-NIFA(Hatch#02893 and National Needs Fellowship#2019-38420-28970,Washington DC,USA)+1 种基金CJ Bio(Seoul,Korea)CTC Bio(Seoul,Korea)。
文摘Background This study investigated the effects of different non-starch polysaccharide(NSP)sources with NSP degrading enzymes(NSPases)and the influence on the mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal immunity of nursery pigs,on growth performance and carcass traits at market weight.Methods One hundred and sixty newly weaned pigs at 7.0±0.3 kg body weight(BW)were allotted in a 2×2 factorial with NSP sources and NSPases serving as factors.The 4 dietary treatments were:DDGS,corn distillers'dried grains with solubles as source of NSP;DDGS+NSPases(DDGS+),DDGS with xylanase at 0.01%,3,000 U/kg of feed andβ-mannanase at 0.05%,400 U/kg of feed;SHWB,soybean hulls and wheat bran replacing corn DDGS as the source of NSP;SHWB with NSPases(SHWB+),SHWB with xylanase at 0.01%,3,000 U/kg of feed andβ-mannanase at 0.05%,400 U/kg of feed.Pigs were fed for 37 d and housed in groups of 4 pigs per pen.At d 37,the median body weight pig in each pen was euthanized for sampling to analyze intestinal health parameters.Remaining pigs were fed a common diet for subsequent phases to evaluate the carryover effect on growth and carcass traits.Results The SHWB decreased(P<0.05)the relative abundance of Helicobacter,tended to increase(P=0.074)the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,increased(P<0.05)immunoglobulin G(IgG)in the jejunal mucosa,tended to increase(P=0.096)the villus height(VH)in the jejunum,and tended to improve ADG(P=0.099)and feed efficiency(P=0.068)during phase 1 compared to DDGS treatment.Supplementation of NSPases increased(P<0.05)Shannon index of diversity,increased the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Acinetobacter,and tended to increase(P=0.082)dry matter digestibility.The BW of pigs fed SHWB was more uniform(P<0.05)at the end of the 120 d study.Additionally,hot carcass weight of pigs fed SHWB tended to be more uniform(P=0.089)than DDGS treatment.Conclusion Soybean hulls and wheat bran replacing DDGS in nursery diets improved uniformity of pigs at market weight,which might be attributed to beneficial modulation of the mucosa-associated microbiota and enhanced intestinal morphology during the nursery phase.Supplementation of NSPases had beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota,digestibility,and intestinal immunity in SHWB treatment,whereas no carryover effects were overserved at market weight.
基金The Innovative Talent Foundation of Hainan Province under contract No.KJRC2023C39the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42161144006 and 42076108.
文摘Coral gardening has become a promising technique for restoring reefs worldwide in the Anthropocene era.The microbiome plays an important role in enhancing adaptive resilience in situ nursery propagation of corals.However,little is known about the response patterns of bacterial community dynamics,co-occurrence networks and assembly processes of different species in coral restoration nurseries over time.Here,we collected two Acropora coral samples from transplanted fragments and source colonies at 1-month and 3-month post-transplantation(May and July 2022)in an upwelling-affected fragmented reef.Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that bacterial communities of coral fragments in nurseries exhibited consistent temporal shifts compared to those of the source colonies.High host specificity was observed in the bacterial community and network structure associated with source colonies.In contrast,for the two coral species within nurseries,there were no differences in bacterial diversity,composition and core microbiome.Stochastic assembly processes were identified as the primary drivers of bacterial communities in all May samples,whereas deterministic processes played a more prominent role in July.Seawater properties(e.g.,temperature and ammonium concentration)partially explained the compositional changes in the bacterial communities of these coral samples.Our findings suggested that coral nurseries contributed to the homogenization of bacterial communities in different Acropora corals,despite the apparent temporal dynamics of bacteria.These results enhance our understanding of the coral microbiome,ecological interactions and assembly principles in different host within in situ nurseries.
基金Supported by National Cotton Industry Technology System(CARS-18-36)National Key Project of Transgenosis(2011ZX08005-001)+1 种基金National 863 Project(2011AA10A10)National Science & Technology Support Program(2011BAD35B05-2)~~
文摘In order to discuss the localization application technology of cotton seedling using substrate, the author used cotton seed hulls after the production of edible fungi residue, river sand and peat in different proportion formula using in field and laboratory cotton seedling test. The results showed that： dry mass per plant and leaf area per plant of formula 3 were higher than Jiangxi cotton seedling nurs- ery substrate.the higher proportion were 48.4% and 73.5%; the rate of forming plantlets, survival rate of transplant and the unginned cotton yield had no obvious difference with the other matrix seedling and transplanting; nursery substrate was returned using as fertilizer, reduced environment pollution, achieved comprehensive utilization and cyclic utilization. Cotton seed hulls after the production of edible fungi residue was a cotton seedling substrate material of saving work,reducing cost and protecting environment and would have a good application prospect.
基金Global Trees Campaign, Flora and Fauna International, University of East Angliathe Sir Philip Reckitt Educational Trust for funding this research
文摘The Araucaria forest ecosystem in southern Brazil is highly threatened: less than one percent of the original forest remains, and what is left is a fragmented agro-mosaic of mostly early-to-late secondary forest patches among high-yield agriculture and timber monocultures. Forest restoration initiatives in this region aim to restore degraded areas, however the limited number of species used in restoration projects represents a missed opportunity for species-rich plantings. High diversity plantings represent a larger number of functional groups and provide a targeted conservation strategy for the high number of threatened species within this ecosystem. This study interviewed nurseries(Ns) and restoration practitioners(RPs) in Parana and Santa Catarina states to identify what species are being cultivated and planted, and what factors are driving the species selection process. An average of 20 species were reportedly used in restoration plantings, most of which are common, widespread species. Baseline data confirms that Ns and RPs have disproportionately low occurrences of threatened species in their inventories and plantings, supporting findings from previous research. Questionnaire responses reveal that opportunities for seed acquisition are an extremely important factor in order for nurseries to increase their diversity of cultivated species. Results also suggest that facilitating speciesrich plantings for restoration practitioners would only be feasible if it did not increase the time required to complete planting projects, as it would minimize their ability to keep costs low. This study proposes solutions for increasing the number of species used in restoration practicedsuch as developing a comprehensive species list, fostering knowledge-sharing between actors, creating seed sharing programs, and increasing coordination of planting projects. Long-term strategies involve complimenting traditional ex situ approaches with emerging inter-situ and quasi in situ conservation strategies which simultaneously provide long-term preservation of genetic diversity and increase seed production of target species.
文摘By taking Huangcheng Garden Ecological Sightseeing Park for example,the study was conducted from the aspects of its general situation,planning target and guiding ideology,planning layout and landscape planning,project planning,and road traffic engineering planning;proposed seven principles for planning and design of sightseeing nursery,so as to provide reference for planning and design of garden nursery of the similar type.
基金Supported by Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(201604020008)Nansha District Public Service Research Project(2013G015)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth and sound seedling index of green cabbage seedlings. [Method] A seedling-raising orthogonal test was carried out on green cabbage under different irrigation upper limits and different substrate nutrient levels. [Result] Proper irrigation could promote leaf expansion, while excessive irrigation wa- ter inhibited leaf expansion; fertilization inhibited leaf expansion; and water and fertil- izing coupling showed a superimposed effect on leaf expansion. Proper irrigation promoted stem and root growth; fertilization inhibited stem and root growth; and there was a very strong water and fertilizer interaction effect. Under more irrigation water and proper fertilizing amount, root growth was promoted, stem elongation was inhibited, material accumulation of plants was increased, and sound seedling index was improved. [Conclusion] Water and fertilizer coupling effect could be used for regulating growth and development of various organs of green cabbage and improv- ing seedling-raising efficiency and quality.
文摘Although nursery rhymes and other texts for children often involve implausible or even fantastic combinations of elements,children seem to have no trouble following them.The paper tries to account for the phenomenon in perspective of mental space theory,suggesting that children are adept at the sort of mental process called as conceptual integration.
基金Supported by the Public Welfare Project of Ministry of Agriculture,China (No. 200903011)
文摘The aim of this research was to evaluate weathered spent mushroom substrate （SMS）, made from spent Flammulina velutipes mushroom substrate, as a growing medium for nursery seedlings. Two vegetable species, cucumber （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinchun No. 2） and tomato （Solanurn lycopersicum L. cv. Mandy）, were grown in 8 media of SMS in various ratios with perlite or vermiculite. A mixed substrate of peat with perlite （1：1; v：v） was used as the control （CK）. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions. Prior to sowing, some physical and chemical properties of the growing media were determined. Results showed that all the mixtures had desirable physical and chemical properties for their use in nursery tomato and cucumber seedlings except for the T4 （SMS：vermiculite = 1：1; v：v） and the T8 （SMS：perlite = 2：1; v：v） mixtures. Compared with the CK, increased plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and index of seedling quality were found in the T3 （SMS：vermiculite = 2：1; v：v） and T6 （SMS：perlite = 4：1; v：v） growing media. SMS should be considered as an alternative for the widely used but expensive and resource-limited peat in greenhouse cultivation.
基金Project supported by the Key Agricultural Projects of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau of Zhejiang Province(No.2013C11008),China
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh fermented soybean meal（FSM） on the growth performance of nursery piglets, nitrogen excretion in feces, and the concentrations of ammonia（NH3） and particulate matter（PM） in the piggery. A total of 472 nursery piglets（Landrace×Yorkshire,（16.3±0.36） kg body weight） were randomly allocated into two treatments with 236 pigs in each treatment. The pigs were fed the basal diet without fresh FSM（control） or diet containing 10%（100 g/kg） fresh FSM（FSM group）, and the crude protein content of the two groups was consistent. The feeding trial lasted for 28 d. The results showed that the pigs fed fresh FSM had increased（P〈0.05） average daily gain（ADG） compared with the control. There was no significant difference（P〈0.05） in feed to gain ratio（F：G） between the two groups. During the whole experiment, the concentration of NH3 in the piggery decreased（P〈0.05） by 19.0%, and the concentrations of PM（PM（10） and PM（2.5）） in the piggery decreased（P〈0.05） by 19.9% and 11.6%, respectively, in the FSM group, compared with the control. The ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in feces increased（P〈0.05） by 32.9% and 28.4%, respectively, in the FSM group. The fecal p H declined（P〈0.05） significantly in the FSM group compared with the control. At the end of experiment, total protein（TP） concentration was increased（P〈0.05） significantly and blood urea nitrogen（BUN） concentration was decreased（P〈0.05） for pigs fed the diet with fresh FSM. The results indicated that dietary fresh FSM not only improved the growth performance of nursery piglets, but also reduced the NH3 concentration in the piggery due to nitrogen conversion, and decreased the concentrations of PM（10） and PM（2.5） in the piggery.
基金awarded and funded by USDA-NIFA Hatch Fund (#02636, Washington DC, USA)North Carolina Agricultural Foundation (#660101, Raleigh, NC, USA)CJ Cheil Jedang (Seoul, Korea)
文摘Background Soy protein supplements,with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors,are produced from soybean meal by different processes.This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein supplements replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on the intestinal immune status,intestinal oxidative stress,mucosaassociated microbiota,and growth performance of nursery pigs.Methods Sixty nursery pigs(6.6±0.5 kg BW)were allotted to five treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks.Pigs were fed for 39 d in 3 phases(P1,P2,and P3).Treatments were:Control(CON),basal diet with fish meal 4%,2%,and 1%,poultry meal 10%,8%,and 4%,and blood plasma 4%,2%,and 1%for P1,P2,and P3,respectively;basal diet with soy protein concentrate(SPC),enzyme-treated soybean meal(ESB),fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus(FSBL),and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus(FSBB),replacing 1/3,2/3,and 3/3 of animal protein supplements for P1,P2,and P3,respectively.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.Results The SPC did not affect the BW,ADG,and G:F,whereas it tended to reduce(P=0.094)the ADFI and tended to increase(P=0.091)crypt cell proliferation.The ESM did not affect BW,ADG,ADFI,and G:F,whereas tended to decrease(P=0.098)protein carbonyl in jejunal mucosa.The FSBL decreased(P<0.05)BW and ADG,increased(P<0.05)TNF-α,and Klebsiella and tended to increase MDA(P=0.065)and IgG(P=0.089)in jejunal mucosa.The FSBB tended to increase(P=0.073)TNF-α,increased(P<0.05)Clostridium and decreased(P<0.05)Achromobacter and alpha diversity of microbiota in jejunal mucosa.Conclusions Soy protein concentrate,enzyme-treated soybean meal,and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus could reduce the use of animal protein supplements up to 33%until 7 kg body weight,up to 67%from 7 to 11 kg body weight,and entirely from 11 kg body weight without affecting the intestinal health and the growth performance of nursery pigs.Fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus,however,increased the immune reaction and oxidative stress in the intestine consequently reducing the growth performance.
文摘To help farmers in the mid hills of Nepal improve their crop management and rice yields, we conducted a study testing different nursery management options and their effect on grain yield and yield components under rainfed conditions. The experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field during the cropping season 2009 and 2010 at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal, using a 3-factor factorial RCB design with 3 replications. The three management factors tested were 1) fertilizer management in the nursery, 2) seeding density, and 3) seedling age at transplanting, using the rainfed lowland rice variety Radha-4. There were eight treatment combinations, consisting of two levels of fertilization (0 and 20:20:0:13 kg NPKS ha-1 at 15 DAS), two levels of seeding density (607 and 303 g·m-2) and two seedling ages (20 and 40 days old). Two years’ results showed that top-dressed fertilizer in the nursery had no consistent effect on grain yield. However, lower seeding density (303 g·m-2) resulted in taller plants, more productive tillers m-2, less sterility and higher grain yield. In addition, older seedlings (40 days) produced taller plants, more productive tillers, more filled grains, and a higher grain and straw yield. The interaction analysis between both factors indicated that 40 days old seedling with a low seeding density produced the highest grain yield, both in the drought season 2009 and the high-yielding season 2010. The economic analysis confirmed that the treatment with low seeding density and 40 days old seedlings produced by far the highest net returns and B:C ratio in both seasons, independent of the fertilizer treatment. The combination of these two management components is therefore economically viable and profitable, and can be recommended to farmers. However, the results need to be confirmed for other varieties used by farmers in the region.
基金The Meridian ClubPine Cay Homeowners Association for their support to research and restoration efforts on Pine Cay+1 种基金the John Ellerman FoundationDarwin Plus grant (DPLUS016) for financial support for different elements of the overall Caicos Pine Recovery Project between 2014 and 2016
文摘The severe and rapid attack on the Caicos pine Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis(Pinaceae) by the nonnative invasive pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis, has resulted in the death of most of the trees in the Turks and Caicos Islands(TCI) in just over a decade. Local and international conservation efforts have enabled the necessary multi-disciplinary research, data gathering, and monitoring to develop and implement a restoration strategy for this endemic tree from the Bahaman archipelago. The native plant nursery established on North Caicos and horticultural expertise acquired throughout the years were crucial to the successful rescue of Caicos pine saplings from the wild populations and cultivation of new saplings grown from locally sourced seeds. These saplings have been used to establish six Restoration Trial Plots on Pine Cay and a seed orchard on North Caicos in TCI. Core Conservation Areas(CCAs) for the Caicos pine forests have been identified and mapped. To date, forest within the Pine Cay CCA has been supplemented by planting more than 450 pine trees, which have survived at a high(>80%)rate.
基金Supported by the Technology Innovation Program of Southwest University of China (No. Ky2009022)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41171215)
文摘Lonicera confusa, a traditional Chinese medicine herb for treating cold, flu, acute fever, and so forth, is often grown artificially in acidic soils and suffers from phosphorus (P) deficiency. A five-year field experiment was carried out to study the colonization rate, growth, nutrition, and chlorogenic acid content of Lonicera confusa seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus etunicatum and Glomus intraradices. Before transplanting into a field, both AM-inoculated and uninoculated control plants were cultured in nursery beds. In the plants inoculated with the AM fungi, the colonization rate decreased linearly with time and a greater decrease was observed in the plants inoculated with G. intraradices than with G. etunicatum, while the AM colonization increased from 0% to 12.1% in the uninoculated control plants 5 years after transplanting. Plant height, crown diameter, number of new branches, and flower yield increased significantly by AM inoculation as compared to the uninoculated control. Phosphorus concentrations in leaves and flowers increased, and plant uptake of nutrients, e.g., nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K), was also enhanced significantly by AM inoculation. The Lonicera confusa seedlings had a better response to inoculation of G. intraradices than G. etunicatum in both growth and chlorogenic acid content in flowers. In contrast, both plant P uptake and P concentrations in leaves and flowers were similar between two fungal inoculations. The positive responses of Lonicera confusa to AM inoculation in growth, nutrient uptake, flowering, and chlorogenic acid content in flowers suggested that AM inoculation in nursery beds could promote the plant growth and increase chlorogenic acid content in flowers of Lonicera confusa when grown on acidic and P-deficient soils.
文摘A study was conducted to test the influence of different inorganic fertilizers （phosphorous and potassium） on the nodulation and growth of Dalbergia sissoo grown in the nursery. Before seeds sowing, different combinations of P, K fertilizers were incorporated with the nutrient-deficient natural forest soils, and then amended with cowdung （soil： cowdung = 3：1）. Nodulation status （nodule number, shape, fresh weight, dry weight and color） in the roots and the plant growth parameters （length of shoot and root, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root） were recorded 60 days after seeds sowing. Nodulation status and growth of the plants varied significantly （P〈0.05） in the soils amended with fertilizers in comparison to the control. The highest nodule number （62）, fresh （0.50 g） and dry （0.07 g） weights were recorded with the dose of PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm2. Nodule shape and color also varied widely in different treatments. In case of plant growth parameters, shoot and root length, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of the plants took on a significant difference （P〈0.05） among various combination of fertilizers. From the study, it is revealed that PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm^2 fertilizer with soil and cowdung mixture （soil： eowdung = 3：1） is recommended for optimum growth and nodule formation of D. sissoo in degraded soils at a nursery level.
