Inorganic phosphate(Pi)homeostasis in plants is regulated by inositol pyrophosphates(PP-InsPs),which mediate phosphate starvation responses.While beneficial microorganisms,such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,contribu...Inorganic phosphate(Pi)homeostasis in plants is regulated by inositol pyrophosphates(PP-InsPs),which mediate phosphate starvation responses.While beneficial microorganisms,such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,contribute to phosphate uptake,pathogenic fungi often exploit phosphate metabolism to enhance virulence.However,the exact mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate plant phosphate signaling remain largely unknown.Here,we highlight a recent study by Ulrich Schaffrath and colleagues(Science,2025)revealing that plant pathogenic fungi deploy conserved Nudix hydrolase effectors to hydrolyze PP-InsPs,thereby mimicking phosphate starvation and suppressing host immunity.These findings not only expand our understanding of plantpathogen interactions,but also open new avenues for crop protection and resistance breeding.展开更多
为探究NUDIX(nucleoside diphosphates linked to other moieties X)基因家族在月月粉月季(Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’)中的功能及潜在应用,本研究利用生物信息学方法,共鉴定出41个月月粉月季NUDIX基因家族成员,并对其系统发育关系、...为探究NUDIX(nucleoside diphosphates linked to other moieties X)基因家族在月月粉月季(Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’)中的功能及潜在应用,本研究利用生物信息学方法,共鉴定出41个月月粉月季NUDIX基因家族成员,并对其系统发育关系、基因结构和表达模式等进行了分析。构建月月粉月季与野蔷薇、玫瑰、光叶蔷薇、草莓、苹果、拟南芥、水稻的NUDIX蛋白系统发育树,结果发现,NUDIX蛋白可分成13个亚家族,其中NUDIX1、NUDIX2、NUDIX4、NUDIX11亚家族成员数量较多。基因共线性分析发现,月月粉月季NUDIX基因发生了全基因组复制事件,并产生2对共线性基因对。染色体定位结果显示,月月粉月季NUDIX基因发生多次串联重复事件,这些重复事件大多经历了纯化选择。转录组数据分析表明,RcNUDIX1a/1b/1d/1e在花瓣组织中特异性表达,Rc NUDIX1b/1e/4c/9/11d可能参与叶片的胁迫响应,RcIDI可能参与植物组织幼根的发育和早期花发育,RcNUDIX2b/2d/2h可能参与花器官的衰老调控。综上所述,月月粉月季NUDIX基因的数量扩增主要由串联重复事件引起,NUDIX基因家族可能对月月粉月季次生代谢、生长发育和叶片胁迫响应等生理过程发挥着重要的调控作用。本研究为进一步探究月月粉月季NUDIX基因功能提供了理论依据。展开更多
The MutT/Nudix superfamily proteins repair DNA damage and play a role in human health and disease. In this study, we examined two different cases of double MutT/Nudix domain-containing proteins from eukaryotes and pro...The MutT/Nudix superfamily proteins repair DNA damage and play a role in human health and disease. In this study, we examined two different cases of double MutT/Nudix domain-containing proteins from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Firstly, these double domain proteins were discovered in Drosophila, but only single Nudix domain proteins were found in other animals. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the protein sequence of Nudix_N and Nudix_C from Drosophila, and Nudix from other animals. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the double Nudix domain proteins might have undergone a gene duplication-speciation-fusion process. Secondly, two genes of the MutT family, DR0004 and DR0329, were fused by two mutT gene segments and formed double MutT domain protein genes in Deinococcus radiodurans. The evolutionary tree of bacterial MutT proteins suggested that the double MutT domain proteins in D. radiodurans probably resulted from a gene duplication-fusion event after speciation. Gene duplication-fusion is a basic and important gene innovation mechanism for the evolution of double MutT/Nudix domain proteins. Independent gene duplication-fusion events resuited in similar domain architectures of different double MutT/Nudix domain proteins.展开更多
(+)-Borneol,the main component of"Natural Borneol"in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,is a high-end spice and precious medicine.Plant extraction cannot meet the increasing demand for(+)-borneol,while microbial bios...(+)-Borneol,the main component of"Natural Borneol"in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,is a high-end spice and precious medicine.Plant extraction cannot meet the increasing demand for(+)-borneol,while microbial biosynthesis offers a sustainable supply route.However,its production was extremely low compared with other monoterpenes,even with extensively optimizing the mevalonate pathway.We found that the key challenge is the complex and unusual dephosphorylation reaction of bornyl diphosphate(BPP),which suffers the side-reaction and the competition from the cellular dephosphorylation process,especially lipid metabolism,thus limiting(+)-borneol synthesis.Here,we systematically optimized the dephosphorylation process by identifying,characterizing phosphatases,and balancing cellular dephosphorylation metabolism.For the first time,we identified two endogenous phosphatases and seven heterologous phosphatases,which significantly increased(+)-borneol production by up to 152%.By engineering BPP dephosphorylation and optimizing the MVA pathway,the production of(+)-borneol was increased by 33.8-fold,which enabled the production of 753 mg/L under fed-batch fermentation in shake flasks,so far the highest reported in the literature.This study showed that rewiring dephosphorylation metabolism was essential for high-level production of(+)-borneol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and balancing cellular dephosphorylation is also helpful for efficient biosynthesis of other terpenoids since all whose biosynthesis involves the dephosphorylation procedure.展开更多
Plant-microbe interactions are profoundly shaped by the avail-ability of phosphate(Pi)in both the host and the ambient environ-ment,spanning a spectrum from mutualism to pathogenicity.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)...Plant-microbe interactions are profoundly shaped by the avail-ability of phosphate(Pi)in both the host and the ambient environ-ment,spanning a spectrum from mutualism to pathogenicity.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)enhance the nutrition of many vascular plants by facilitating the acquisition of inorganic Pi and other nutrients from the environment through symbiotic exchanges,thereby promoting plant growth.In contrast,pathogens hijack plant mineral resources,and paradoxically,an adequate supply of phosphorus can actually change plant susceptibility to such fungal invasions,with the underlying molecular mechanisms remaining poorly understood[1].Recent breakthroughs by McCombe et al.(2025)have unveiled sophisticated strategies employed by phytopathogenic fungi to manipulate host phosphate signaling pathways.This study identified a novel effector family with Nudix hydrolase activity in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae,the Brassicaceae anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum hig-ginsianum,and maize anthracnose pathogen C.graminicola.These secreted Nudix effectors selectively hydrolyze inositol pyrophos-phate(PP-InsP),thereby mimicking Pi starvation and activating the phosphate starvation response pathway,which in turn pro-motes disease[2].展开更多
基金the financial support from China Youth Science Foundation(22207037).
文摘Inorganic phosphate(Pi)homeostasis in plants is regulated by inositol pyrophosphates(PP-InsPs),which mediate phosphate starvation responses.While beneficial microorganisms,such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,contribute to phosphate uptake,pathogenic fungi often exploit phosphate metabolism to enhance virulence.However,the exact mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate plant phosphate signaling remain largely unknown.Here,we highlight a recent study by Ulrich Schaffrath and colleagues(Science,2025)revealing that plant pathogenic fungi deploy conserved Nudix hydrolase effectors to hydrolyze PP-InsPs,thereby mimicking phosphate starvation and suppressing host immunity.These findings not only expand our understanding of plantpathogen interactions,but also open new avenues for crop protection and resistance breeding.
文摘为探究NUDIX(nucleoside diphosphates linked to other moieties X)基因家族在月月粉月季(Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’)中的功能及潜在应用,本研究利用生物信息学方法,共鉴定出41个月月粉月季NUDIX基因家族成员,并对其系统发育关系、基因结构和表达模式等进行了分析。构建月月粉月季与野蔷薇、玫瑰、光叶蔷薇、草莓、苹果、拟南芥、水稻的NUDIX蛋白系统发育树,结果发现,NUDIX蛋白可分成13个亚家族,其中NUDIX1、NUDIX2、NUDIX4、NUDIX11亚家族成员数量较多。基因共线性分析发现,月月粉月季NUDIX基因发生了全基因组复制事件,并产生2对共线性基因对。染色体定位结果显示,月月粉月季NUDIX基因发生多次串联重复事件,这些重复事件大多经历了纯化选择。转录组数据分析表明,RcNUDIX1a/1b/1d/1e在花瓣组织中特异性表达,Rc NUDIX1b/1e/4c/9/11d可能参与叶片的胁迫响应,RcIDI可能参与植物组织幼根的发育和早期花发育,RcNUDIX2b/2d/2h可能参与花器官的衰老调控。综上所述,月月粉月季NUDIX基因的数量扩增主要由串联重复事件引起,NUDIX基因家族可能对月月粉月季次生代谢、生长发育和叶片胁迫响应等生理过程发挥着重要的调控作用。本研究为进一步探究月月粉月季NUDIX基因功能提供了理论依据。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2004CB19604)the National Hi-Tech Development Program (No. 2007AA021305)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30830006)the Project "Application of Nuclear Techniques in Agriculture" from the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (No. 200803034) to YJH.
文摘The MutT/Nudix superfamily proteins repair DNA damage and play a role in human health and disease. In this study, we examined two different cases of double MutT/Nudix domain-containing proteins from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Firstly, these double domain proteins were discovered in Drosophila, but only single Nudix domain proteins were found in other animals. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the protein sequence of Nudix_N and Nudix_C from Drosophila, and Nudix from other animals. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the double Nudix domain proteins might have undergone a gene duplication-speciation-fusion process. Secondly, two genes of the MutT family, DR0004 and DR0329, were fused by two mutT gene segments and formed double MutT domain protein genes in Deinococcus radiodurans. The evolutionary tree of bacterial MutT proteins suggested that the double MutT domain proteins in D. radiodurans probably resulted from a gene duplication-fusion event after speciation. Gene duplication-fusion is a basic and important gene innovation mechanism for the evolution of double MutT/Nudix domain proteins. Independent gene duplication-fusion events resuited in similar domain architectures of different double MutT/Nudix domain proteins.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0908000)the CACMS Innovation Fund(CI2021A04109,CI2023D002,China)Key project at central government level:the ability to establish sustainable use of valuable Chinese Medicine Resources(2060302,China).
文摘(+)-Borneol,the main component of"Natural Borneol"in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,is a high-end spice and precious medicine.Plant extraction cannot meet the increasing demand for(+)-borneol,while microbial biosynthesis offers a sustainable supply route.However,its production was extremely low compared with other monoterpenes,even with extensively optimizing the mevalonate pathway.We found that the key challenge is the complex and unusual dephosphorylation reaction of bornyl diphosphate(BPP),which suffers the side-reaction and the competition from the cellular dephosphorylation process,especially lipid metabolism,thus limiting(+)-borneol synthesis.Here,we systematically optimized the dephosphorylation process by identifying,characterizing phosphatases,and balancing cellular dephosphorylation metabolism.For the first time,we identified two endogenous phosphatases and seven heterologous phosphatases,which significantly increased(+)-borneol production by up to 152%.By engineering BPP dephosphorylation and optimizing the MVA pathway,the production of(+)-borneol was increased by 33.8-fold,which enabled the production of 753 mg/L under fed-batch fermentation in shake flasks,so far the highest reported in the literature.This study showed that rewiring dephosphorylation metabolism was essential for high-level production of(+)-borneol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and balancing cellular dephosphorylation is also helpful for efficient biosynthesis of other terpenoids since all whose biosynthesis involves the dephosphorylation procedure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20178 and 32441050)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR24C140001 and LZ23C130002)+2 种基金Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Rice New Variety Breeding(2021C02063-3)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-CSCB-202301)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of China National Rice Research Institute(Y2025YC94,Y2023QC22 and CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202116).
文摘Plant-microbe interactions are profoundly shaped by the avail-ability of phosphate(Pi)in both the host and the ambient environ-ment,spanning a spectrum from mutualism to pathogenicity.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)enhance the nutrition of many vascular plants by facilitating the acquisition of inorganic Pi and other nutrients from the environment through symbiotic exchanges,thereby promoting plant growth.In contrast,pathogens hijack plant mineral resources,and paradoxically,an adequate supply of phosphorus can actually change plant susceptibility to such fungal invasions,with the underlying molecular mechanisms remaining poorly understood[1].Recent breakthroughs by McCombe et al.(2025)have unveiled sophisticated strategies employed by phytopathogenic fungi to manipulate host phosphate signaling pathways.This study identified a novel effector family with Nudix hydrolase activity in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae,the Brassicaceae anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum hig-ginsianum,and maize anthracnose pathogen C.graminicola.These secreted Nudix effectors selectively hydrolyze inositol pyrophos-phate(PP-InsP),thereby mimicking Pi starvation and activating the phosphate starvation response pathway,which in turn pro-motes disease[2].
