This study investigates the establishment of scientific links between the People's Republic of China(PRC)and the United Kingdom(UK)in the mid-2Oth century,focusing on the early development of China's nuclear i...This study investigates the establishment of scientific links between the People's Republic of China(PRC)and the United Kingdom(UK)in the mid-2Oth century,focusing on the early development of China's nuclear industry.Sino-British scientific interactions took place across multiple dimensions,involving various institutions and individuals.Around 1949,UK-trained Chinese nuclear scientists returned to China,bringing advanced technological knowledge and extensive practical experience.The PRC regarded the UK as a crucial gateway to overcoming the technological blockade imposed by the United States(and later the Soviet Union)and sought to establish scientific relations with the UK through semi-official and unofficial channels.Specifically,these connections manifested in the interactions between the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and the Royal Society of London,the guiding role of the Chinese Charge d'Affaires Office in London in facilitating scientific and technological exchanges,and the technology investigations led by the Ministry of Foreign Trade in the name of trade.Additionally,the Sino-British scientific network extended to the international arena,allowing China to engage in nuclear-related global organizations and events.This study highlights the significant British influence on the early development of China's nuclear industry,revealing the extent of its British influence.It argues that China's urgent need for nuclear science and industrial advancement was a key driver of its scientific engagement withthe UK.展开更多
As a high-tech strategic emerging comprehensive industry,the nuclear industry is committed to the research,production,and processing of nuclear fuel,as well as the development and utilization of nuclear energy.Nowaday...As a high-tech strategic emerging comprehensive industry,the nuclear industry is committed to the research,production,and processing of nuclear fuel,as well as the development and utilization of nuclear energy.Nowadays,the nuclear industry has made remarkable progress in the application fields of nuclear weapons,nuclear power,nuclear medical treatment,radiation processing,and so on.With the development of artificial intelligence and the proposal of“Industry 4.0”,more and more artificial intelligence technologies are introduced into the nuclear industry chain to improve production efficiency,reduce operation cost,improve operation safety,and realize risk avoidance.Meanwhile,deep learning,as an important technology of artificial intelligence,has made amazing progress in theoretical and applied research in the nuclear industry,which vigorously promotes the development of informatization,digitization,and intelligence of the nuclear industry.In this paper,we first simply comb and analyze the intelligent demand scenarios in the whole industrial chain of the nuclear industry.Then,we discuss the data types involved in the nuclear industry chain.After that,we investigate the research status of deep learning in the application fields corresponding to different data types in the nuclear industry.Finally,we discuss the limitation and unique challenges of deep learning in the nuclear industry and the future direction of the intelligent nuclear industry.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)is an innovative technique that enables the flexible design and construction of three-dimensional objects.In the nuclear industry,AM enables the use of advanced materials and high-performance...Additive manufacturing(AM)is an innovative technique that enables the flexible design and construction of three-dimensional objects.In the nuclear industry,AM enables the use of advanced materials and high-performance components.Although AM processing has been extensively investigated,the corresponding mechanical properties and structural integrity issues of AM parts have received less attention.This study reviews the mechanical behavior and key challenges of typical AM materials,fuel components,compact heat exchangers with complex geometries,and additive repair of damaged reactor components.The findings of this review will guide the efficient and reliable implementation of AM techniques in nuclear reactors.展开更多
The integration of additive manufacturing(AM)and topology optimization(TO)has revolutionized the design and production of advanced equipment,providing innovative approaches to solving complex engineering challenges.In...The integration of additive manufacturing(AM)and topology optimization(TO)has revolutionized the design and production of advanced equipment,providing innovative approaches to solving complex engineering challenges.In the nuclear energy sector,achieving an optimal balance between the thermal and hydraulic performance of prismatic fuel elements has long been a key challenge.This study utilizes a coupled fluid-thermal TO method to design fuel elements with one,three,five,and seven inlets/outlets configurations suitable for AM.We systematically examine the impact of varying the number of inlets/outlets on the thermal-hydraulic performance of the elements.The results show that increasing the number of inlets/outlets can enhance the thermal performance of the fuel elements while sacrificing the hydraulic performance.Compared with the conventional design,the 5 inlets/outlets configuration achieved a coordinated improvement in both thermal and hydraulic performance,with a 2.38%enhancement in thermal performance and a 4.38%improvement in hydraulic performance.These findings highlight the significant potential of TO in improving the performance of fuel elements and strongly demonstrate the advantages of the collaborative application of AM and TO.展开更多
According to the policy of reforming the power industry and accelerating the power construction of our country, by 2020, the national power consumption will be up to 3.6-3.7 trillion kilowatt-hours, the installed powe...According to the policy of reforming the power industry and accelerating the power construction of our country, by 2020, the national power consumption will be up to 3.6-3.7 trillion kilowatt-hours, the installed power-generating capacity is more than 800 million kilowatts. Therefore, the development of the China’s nuclear power industry faces good international and domestic environments and good historical opportunities. From the point of national energy security, economic development, and resource distribution, it is analyzed that China must develop the nuclear power in a more cost-effective style in this paper.展开更多
According to the report of China Daily, influenced by the nuclear accidents in Japan, the expansion of China's nuclear power industry will slow from the rapid rate of the 11 th
Ductile iron （DI） is a preferred material for use in various structural, automotive, and engineering fields because of its excellent combination of strength, toughness, and ductility. In the current investigation, w...Ductile iron （DI） is a preferred material for use in various structural, automotive, and engineering fields because of its excellent combination of strength, toughness, and ductility. In the current investigation, we elucidate the relationship between the morphological and mechanical properties of DI intended for use in safety applications in the nuclear industry. DI specimens with various alloying elements were subjected to annealing and austempering heat treatment processes. A faster cooling rate appeared to increase the nodule count in austempered specimens, compensating for their nodularity value and subsequently decreasing their ductility and impact strength. The ductility and impact energy values of annealed specimens increased with increasing ferrite area fraction and nodularity, whereas an increase in the amounts of Ni and Cr resulted in an increase of hardness via solid solution strengthening. Austempered specimens were observed to be stronger than an- nealed specimens and failed in a somewhat brittle manner characterized by a river pattern, whereas the ductile failure mode was character- ized by the presence of dimples.展开更多
Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research (SINR), one of the four institutes of nuclear science administered by the CAS Bureau of Basic Sciences, was founded in the 1950s and now has a staff of 964. Its research areas in...Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research (SINR), one of the four institutes of nuclear science administered by the CAS Bureau of Basic Sciences, was founded in the 1950s and now has a staff of 964. Its research areas include nuclear physics and nuclear technology, radioactive chemistry and irradiation chemistry, nuclear electronics and related equip-展开更多
Huang Shaoxian(1914-1989),born in Jimo County,Shandong Province in 1914.Huang Shaoxian graduated from the Department of Geology,Geography and Meteorology at the National Southwestern Associated University in 1940.He w...Huang Shaoxian(1914-1989),born in Jimo County,Shandong Province in 1914.Huang Shaoxian graduated from the Department of Geology,Geography and Meteorology at the National Southwestern Associated University in 1940.He was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Science in 1980 and served as Deputy Director and Senior Engineer at the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry.He achieved the first domestic discovery of chromite deposits in China,filling a critical gap in the nation's mineral resources.Dedicated to uranium resource exploration and scientific research throughout his career,he led the working group to achieve breakthroughs in exploration technologies for granite-type and carbon-siliceous-pelitic rock-type uranium deposits.As a pioneer and foundational figure in China's uranium geology,he made significant contributions to the development of the country's nuclear industry and uranium geology.展开更多
In this work,electrochemical metallization memory(ECM)devices with an Ag/AgInSbTe(AIST)/amorphous carbon(a-C)/Pt structure were irradiated with 14 MeV neutrons.The switching reliability performance before and after ne...In this work,electrochemical metallization memory(ECM)devices with an Ag/AgInSbTe(AIST)/amorphous carbon(a-C)/Pt structure were irradiated with 14 MeV neutrons.The switching reliability performance before and after neutron irradiation was compared and analyzed in detail.The results show that the irradiated memory cells functioned properly,and the initial resistance,the resistance at the low-resistance state(LRS),the RESET voltage and the data retention performance showed little degradation even when the total neutron fluence was as high as 2.5×1011 n/cm2.Other switching characteristics such as the forming voltage,the resistance at the high-resistance state(HRS),and the SET voltage were also studied,all of which merely showed a slight parameter drift.Irradiation-induced Ag ions doping of the a-C layer is proposed to explain the damaging effects of neutron irradiation.The excellent hard characteristics of these Ag/AIST/a-C/Pt-based ECM devices suggest potential beneficial applications in the aerospace and nuclear industries.展开更多
Understanding definitions and differences between the processes,knowledge processes and business processes is the first step of the integration of knowledge processes into management systems of an organization.The nex...Understanding definitions and differences between the processes,knowledge processes and business processes is the first step of the integration of knowledge processes into management systems of an organization.The next step is to understand throughout the company why the processes should be introduced and continuously maintained.The knowledge is one of the most valuable assets of the company,relevant part of the intellectual capital.The management of the knowledge and its lifecycle can give a market advantage for the organization.In the nuclear industry this is the vital requirement to maintain the safe and reliable operation of a nuclear facility,or radiation safety activates.Those companies who already implemented an integrated management system were following international standards,or good practices(like ISO 9001,EFQM,Standard Nuclear Performance Model developed by Nuclear Energy Institute(NEI)and others).This article focuses on nuclear industry organizations,approaches and methods,and how to integrate the knowledge processes into management system.This is the last step of the knowledge management implementation in an organization.When it was done,we can say that the knowledge processes are embedded into organization’s day-to-day life and the knowledge managed in the organization as all other resources.展开更多
Civil nuclear technology has been widely used in agriculture,industry,public safety,public health,environmental protection and other fields.As an emerging strategic industry,it has guided the direction for promoting t...Civil nuclear technology has been widely used in agriculture,industry,public safety,public health,environmental protection and other fields.As an emerging strategic industry,it has guided the direction for promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries,leading to a new pole of economic growth and promoting the green development of industries.From the point of view of the carbon footprint,this study calculated the carbon emission of the civil nuclear technology application industry according to the basic accounting content of life cycle analysis(LCA).The minima,maxima and means of the carbon emission status of China(excluding Xizang,Hong Kong region,Macao region,and Taiwan region)from 2000 to 2019 were calculated using SPSS Software,and the carbon dioxide emissions were calculated by the Min-Max normalization method.We then compared the carbon emissions of each type of energy consumed by the civil nuclear industry with the carbon emissions of each of the carbon emission status of China.This comparison showed that the total emission of the civil nuclear technology application industry is small over its whole life cycle,but its output value is relatively large,so it is an environmentally-friendly industry which conforms to the trend of low-carbon development,clean production and green development.These features are in line with the requirements of economic development,so it is conducive to promoting the achievement of carbon peak carbon neutrality.In view of this,in order to further promote the development of the civil nuclear technology application industry,all departments should have a unified understanding,set up a special working coordination mechanism,actively seek the relevant policy support from their superiors,give full play to their own advantages and conduct regular inspections.In addition,we will put in place systems and policies to attract more and better projects,increase the number and improve the quality of projects,promote the“Inner Circle”development of the civil nuclear technology application industry,and expand overseas markets,in order to create an“Outer circulation”highland.展开更多
Professor Shiquan Sun was one of the founders of radiation medicine for China’s nuclear industry.He mainly focused on the occupational health effects from radiation during his academic career.His viewpoint of uranium...Professor Shiquan Sun was one of the founders of radiation medicine for China’s nuclear industry.He mainly focused on the occupational health effects from radiation during his academic career.His viewpoint of uranium poisoning solved the problem of hepatitis in the early stage of nuclear industry.He indicated that reducing radon and its progenies was the key to prevent lung cancer in miners.He was in charge of the first radio-epidemiological study over the nuclear industry,and developed the first national standard about attributing cancer to occupational radiation exposure.With the support from IAEA,he promoted the application of radiation sterilization for tissue allografts and established the first tissue bank in the country.展开更多
文摘This study investigates the establishment of scientific links between the People's Republic of China(PRC)and the United Kingdom(UK)in the mid-2Oth century,focusing on the early development of China's nuclear industry.Sino-British scientific interactions took place across multiple dimensions,involving various institutions and individuals.Around 1949,UK-trained Chinese nuclear scientists returned to China,bringing advanced technological knowledge and extensive practical experience.The PRC regarded the UK as a crucial gateway to overcoming the technological blockade imposed by the United States(and later the Soviet Union)and sought to establish scientific relations with the UK through semi-official and unofficial channels.Specifically,these connections manifested in the interactions between the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and the Royal Society of London,the guiding role of the Chinese Charge d'Affaires Office in London in facilitating scientific and technological exchanges,and the technology investigations led by the Ministry of Foreign Trade in the name of trade.Additionally,the Sino-British scientific network extended to the international arena,allowing China to engage in nuclear-related global organizations and events.This study highlights the significant British influence on the early development of China's nuclear industry,revealing the extent of its British influence.It argues that China's urgent need for nuclear science and industrial advancement was a key driver of its scientific engagement withthe UK.
基金supported in part by the State Key Program of National Science Foundation(No.61836006)the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.61625204)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62106161 and 61602328)the Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan(No.2019YFG0494)
文摘As a high-tech strategic emerging comprehensive industry,the nuclear industry is committed to the research,production,and processing of nuclear fuel,as well as the development and utilization of nuclear energy.Nowadays,the nuclear industry has made remarkable progress in the application fields of nuclear weapons,nuclear power,nuclear medical treatment,radiation processing,and so on.With the development of artificial intelligence and the proposal of“Industry 4.0”,more and more artificial intelligence technologies are introduced into the nuclear industry chain to improve production efficiency,reduce operation cost,improve operation safety,and realize risk avoidance.Meanwhile,deep learning,as an important technology of artificial intelligence,has made amazing progress in theoretical and applied research in the nuclear industry,which vigorously promotes the development of informatization,digitization,and intelligence of the nuclear industry.In this paper,we first simply comb and analyze the intelligent demand scenarios in the whole industrial chain of the nuclear industry.Then,we discuss the data types involved in the nuclear industry chain.After that,we investigate the research status of deep learning in the application fields corresponding to different data types in the nuclear industry.Finally,we discuss the limitation and unique challenges of deep learning in the nuclear industry and the future direction of the intelligent nuclear industry.
基金supported by Stable Support Initiative of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology(Grant No.YNSW-0124-0101-03)the author Cheng Zhang would like to thank the support by Stable Support Program for Scientific Research of China(Grant No.WDZC-2023-02-02-05).
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)is an innovative technique that enables the flexible design and construction of three-dimensional objects.In the nuclear industry,AM enables the use of advanced materials and high-performance components.Although AM processing has been extensively investigated,the corresponding mechanical properties and structural integrity issues of AM parts have received less attention.This study reviews the mechanical behavior and key challenges of typical AM materials,fuel components,compact heat exchangers with complex geometries,and additive repair of damaged reactor components.The findings of this review will guide the efficient and reliable implementation of AM techniques in nuclear reactors.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.1257021702)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4603101).
文摘The integration of additive manufacturing(AM)and topology optimization(TO)has revolutionized the design and production of advanced equipment,providing innovative approaches to solving complex engineering challenges.In the nuclear energy sector,achieving an optimal balance between the thermal and hydraulic performance of prismatic fuel elements has long been a key challenge.This study utilizes a coupled fluid-thermal TO method to design fuel elements with one,three,five,and seven inlets/outlets configurations suitable for AM.We systematically examine the impact of varying the number of inlets/outlets on the thermal-hydraulic performance of the elements.The results show that increasing the number of inlets/outlets can enhance the thermal performance of the fuel elements while sacrificing the hydraulic performance.Compared with the conventional design,the 5 inlets/outlets configuration achieved a coordinated improvement in both thermal and hydraulic performance,with a 2.38%enhancement in thermal performance and a 4.38%improvement in hydraulic performance.These findings highlight the significant potential of TO in improving the performance of fuel elements and strongly demonstrate the advantages of the collaborative application of AM and TO.
文摘According to the policy of reforming the power industry and accelerating the power construction of our country, by 2020, the national power consumption will be up to 3.6-3.7 trillion kilowatt-hours, the installed power-generating capacity is more than 800 million kilowatts. Therefore, the development of the China’s nuclear power industry faces good international and domestic environments and good historical opportunities. From the point of national energy security, economic development, and resource distribution, it is analyzed that China must develop the nuclear power in a more cost-effective style in this paper.
文摘According to the report of China Daily, influenced by the nuclear accidents in Japan, the expansion of China's nuclear power industry will slow from the rapid rate of the 11 th
基金the Board of Research in Nuclear Science (Project Grant No. 2011/36/18-BRNS), India for carrying out this investigation
文摘Ductile iron （DI） is a preferred material for use in various structural, automotive, and engineering fields because of its excellent combination of strength, toughness, and ductility. In the current investigation, we elucidate the relationship between the morphological and mechanical properties of DI intended for use in safety applications in the nuclear industry. DI specimens with various alloying elements were subjected to annealing and austempering heat treatment processes. A faster cooling rate appeared to increase the nodule count in austempered specimens, compensating for their nodularity value and subsequently decreasing their ductility and impact strength. The ductility and impact energy values of annealed specimens increased with increasing ferrite area fraction and nodularity, whereas an increase in the amounts of Ni and Cr resulted in an increase of hardness via solid solution strengthening. Austempered specimens were observed to be stronger than an- nealed specimens and failed in a somewhat brittle manner characterized by a river pattern, whereas the ductile failure mode was character- ized by the presence of dimples.
文摘Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research (SINR), one of the four institutes of nuclear science administered by the CAS Bureau of Basic Sciences, was founded in the 1950s and now has a staff of 964. Its research areas include nuclear physics and nuclear technology, radioactive chemistry and irradiation chemistry, nuclear electronics and related equip-
文摘Huang Shaoxian(1914-1989),born in Jimo County,Shandong Province in 1914.Huang Shaoxian graduated from the Department of Geology,Geography and Meteorology at the National Southwestern Associated University in 1940.He was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Science in 1980 and served as Deputy Director and Senior Engineer at the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry.He achieved the first domestic discovery of chromite deposits in China,filling a critical gap in the nation's mineral resources.Dedicated to uranium resource exploration and scientific research throughout his career,he led the working group to achieve breakthroughs in exploration technologies for granite-type and carbon-siliceous-pelitic rock-type uranium deposits.As a pioneer and foundational figure in China's uranium geology,he made significant contributions to the development of the country's nuclear industry and uranium geology.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11974072,52072065,51732003,51872043,51902048,61774031,61574031,62004016 and U19A2091)the NSFC for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52025022)+5 种基金the 111 Project(No.B13013)the fund from Ministry Education(No.6141A02033414)the fund from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2018YFE0118300,2019YFB2205100)the fund from Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20200734KJ)Open Foundation of Key Laboratory for UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education,Northeast Normal University(No.135130013)the Innovative Research Funds of Changchun University of Science and Technology(No.XJJLG201907).
文摘In this work,electrochemical metallization memory(ECM)devices with an Ag/AgInSbTe(AIST)/amorphous carbon(a-C)/Pt structure were irradiated with 14 MeV neutrons.The switching reliability performance before and after neutron irradiation was compared and analyzed in detail.The results show that the irradiated memory cells functioned properly,and the initial resistance,the resistance at the low-resistance state(LRS),the RESET voltage and the data retention performance showed little degradation even when the total neutron fluence was as high as 2.5×1011 n/cm2.Other switching characteristics such as the forming voltage,the resistance at the high-resistance state(HRS),and the SET voltage were also studied,all of which merely showed a slight parameter drift.Irradiation-induced Ag ions doping of the a-C layer is proposed to explain the damaging effects of neutron irradiation.The excellent hard characteristics of these Ag/AIST/a-C/Pt-based ECM devices suggest potential beneficial applications in the aerospace and nuclear industries.
文摘Understanding definitions and differences between the processes,knowledge processes and business processes is the first step of the integration of knowledge processes into management systems of an organization.The next step is to understand throughout the company why the processes should be introduced and continuously maintained.The knowledge is one of the most valuable assets of the company,relevant part of the intellectual capital.The management of the knowledge and its lifecycle can give a market advantage for the organization.In the nuclear industry this is the vital requirement to maintain the safe and reliable operation of a nuclear facility,or radiation safety activates.Those companies who already implemented an integrated management system were following international standards,or good practices(like ISO 9001,EFQM,Standard Nuclear Performance Model developed by Nuclear Energy Institute(NEI)and others).This article focuses on nuclear industry organizations,approaches and methods,and how to integrate the knowledge processes into management system.This is the last step of the knowledge management implementation in an organization.When it was done,we can say that the knowledge processes are embedded into organization’s day-to-day life and the knowledge managed in the organization as all other resources.
基金The Key Subject of Leshan Social Science Planning Project(SKL2022B13)The Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province Research(2021JDR0229)。
文摘Civil nuclear technology has been widely used in agriculture,industry,public safety,public health,environmental protection and other fields.As an emerging strategic industry,it has guided the direction for promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries,leading to a new pole of economic growth and promoting the green development of industries.From the point of view of the carbon footprint,this study calculated the carbon emission of the civil nuclear technology application industry according to the basic accounting content of life cycle analysis(LCA).The minima,maxima and means of the carbon emission status of China(excluding Xizang,Hong Kong region,Macao region,and Taiwan region)from 2000 to 2019 were calculated using SPSS Software,and the carbon dioxide emissions were calculated by the Min-Max normalization method.We then compared the carbon emissions of each type of energy consumed by the civil nuclear industry with the carbon emissions of each of the carbon emission status of China.This comparison showed that the total emission of the civil nuclear technology application industry is small over its whole life cycle,but its output value is relatively large,so it is an environmentally-friendly industry which conforms to the trend of low-carbon development,clean production and green development.These features are in line with the requirements of economic development,so it is conducive to promoting the achievement of carbon peak carbon neutrality.In view of this,in order to further promote the development of the civil nuclear technology application industry,all departments should have a unified understanding,set up a special working coordination mechanism,actively seek the relevant policy support from their superiors,give full play to their own advantages and conduct regular inspections.In addition,we will put in place systems and policies to attract more and better projects,increase the number and improve the quality of projects,promote the“Inner Circle”development of the civil nuclear technology application industry,and expand overseas markets,in order to create an“Outer circulation”highland.
文摘Professor Shiquan Sun was one of the founders of radiation medicine for China’s nuclear industry.He mainly focused on the occupational health effects from radiation during his academic career.His viewpoint of uranium poisoning solved the problem of hepatitis in the early stage of nuclear industry.He indicated that reducing radon and its progenies was the key to prevent lung cancer in miners.He was in charge of the first radio-epidemiological study over the nuclear industry,and developed the first national standard about attributing cancer to occupational radiation exposure.With the support from IAEA,he promoted the application of radiation sterilization for tissue allografts and established the first tissue bank in the country.
