Objective To investigate the bone-protective potential of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.seed hydroalcoholic extract(NNHE)in an ovariectomized(OVX)rat model by modulating the estrogen receptor/osteoprotegerin/receptor activa...Objective To investigate the bone-protective potential of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.seed hydroalcoholic extract(NNHE)in an ovariectomized(OVX)rat model by modulating the estrogen receptor/osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor(NF)-κB(ER/OPG/RANKL)signaling pathway.Methods Network pharmacology was employed with the databases of PubChem,BindingDB,DisGeNET,Gene Ontology(GO),and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),along with Cytoscape 3.10.2 for identifying the targets and pathways of NNHE relevant to OP.A total of 48 specific pathogen-free(SPF)grade female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=8 per group):sham control,OVX control,OVX+NNHE[100,200,400 mg/(kg·d)],and OVX+alendronate[3 mg/(kg·week)].The treatment lasted for 16 weeks.Post-treatment assessment included bone parameters(weight,thickness,density,volume,and length),serum biochemical markers[parathyroid hormone(PTH),estrogen,OPG,RANKL,tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),osteocalcin(OC),calcitonin(CT),calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)],pro-inflammatory cytokines[tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-α,NF-κB,interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6],lipid profiles[total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL),and high density lipoprotein(HDL)],oxidative stress markers[superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH),and malondialdehyde(MDA)],and histopathological analyses of femur,uterus,and vaginal tissues.Results Network pharmacology analysis revealed 61 overlapping targets between NNHE and osteoporosis-related genes,including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),NF-κB subunit 1(NFKB1),dopamine receptor D2(DRD2),matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),and caspase-3.GO and KEGG enrichment suggested involvement in the ER/OPG/RANKL signaling pathway.In vivo studies demonstrated that NNHE treatment(400 mg/kg)significantly reduced OVX-induced body weight gain and exhibited estrogenic activity in the vaginal cornification assay.NNHE at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly increased serum estrogen levels compared with OVX control group,while uterine weight remained unaffected.NNHE significantly improved the lipid profile compared with OVX group,with TC,TG,and LDL decreased,while HDL levels were increased at 200 and 400 mg/kg.Bone metabolism markers were significantly improved compared with OVX group,with serum Ca and P levels restored at all NNHE doses and ALP activity reduced.NNHE effectively modulated bone turnover markers compared with OVX group by reducing levels of OC,TRAP,and PTH,and increasing level of CT.In addition,NNHE decreased RANKL level while increasing OPG level at 200 and 400 mg/kg.Bone mineral density(BMD)was significantly enhanced compared with OVX group.Serum oxidative stress was significantly mitigated compared with OVX group through increased levels of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,CAT,and GSH)and reduced MDA,with the most pronounced effects observed at 400 mg/kg.Pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,and NF-κB)were significantly reduced in all NNHE treatment groups compared with OVX group.Histopathological analysis confirmed restoration of trabecular bone structure and normalization of reproductive tissue morphology in OVX rats after NNHE treatment.Conclusion NNHE demonstrated significant protective effects against OVX-induced osteoporosis through ER/OPG/RANKL signaling pathway modulation,oxidative stress,and inflammation suppression,resulting in improved BMD and structural integrity.These findings indicate that NNHE may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for postmenopausal osteoporosis management and merits further clinical investigation.展开更多
To estimate genetic variation in rhizome lotus （Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. ssp. nucifera） germplasms in China, a total of 94 rhizome lotus germplasms collected from 18 provinces in China were assessed. The RAPD （rand...To estimate genetic variation in rhizome lotus （Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. ssp. nucifera） germplasms in China, a total of 94 rhizome lotus germplasms collected from 18 provinces in China were assessed. The RAPD （randomly amplified polymorphic DNA） marker was employed. The selected 17 random primers detected 139 polymorphic alleles out of a total 207 （67.15%）. Nei＇s gene diversity statistics and region differentiation parameters indicated that all germplasms had a relatively high level of genetic diversity with ne = 1.3202, h = 0.1937, I= 0.2982 and the gene flow among all regions was Nrn = 5.5742. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered all 94 germplasms into two clusters： One contained eight commercial cultivars and major landraces, and the other included the wild and some special landraces from five regions, and the PCA analysis exhibited the similar result. Those germplasms from southwestern and eastern China had higher genetic diversity than those from the southern, northern and central China. Predominant proportion of genetic variation （95.61%） was found significant within rather than among （4.39%） regions, as revealed by AMOVA analysis. The data analysis also revealed that the genetic diversity of rhizome lotus germplasms among different regions is positively related to their geographic distances, though it is ambiguous to find the trend from the UPGMA dendrogram and the PCA analysis. A relatively high genetic diversity and gene flow resided in the root lotus germplasms; about 96% of the variation was found within region; accessions from southwest and eastern China have higher genetic diversity than those from the southern, northern and central China.展开更多
A new benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, named nelumstemine （1）, 1-（4＇-hydroxybenzoyl）-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, was isolated from the stems of Nelumbo nucifera Geartn. Its structure was established on the...A new benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, named nelumstemine （1）, 1-（4＇-hydroxybenzoyl）-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, was isolated from the stems of Nelumbo nucifera Geartn. Its structure was established on the basis of spectral analysis.展开更多
Hormones play important roles in vegetative and reproductive processes;however,the regulatory roles of hormones in Nelumbo nucifera(Lotus)growth and development are unclear.In this study,nine types of endogenous hormo...Hormones play important roles in vegetative and reproductive processes;however,the regulatory roles of hormones in Nelumbo nucifera(Lotus)growth and development are unclear.In this study,nine types of endogenous hormones,including gibberellins(GA_1,GA_3,and GA_4),indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),brassinolide(BR),ethylene(ETH),jasmonic acid(JA),abscisic acid(ABA),and zeatin(ZT)were detected in dormant shoot tips,vegetative shoot tips,developing leaf buds,and developing flower buds of lotus.The results indicated that GA,ETH,and BR signaling can promote vegetative and reproductive development of lotus.GA signaling regulates plant height and stimulates flower bud differentiation.GA levels were the highest in the flower buds;exogenous GA3+4 increased plant height by approximately 90%,increased flower quantity by nearly 40%,and advanced flowering by 4 d.Suppressing GA biosynthesis using paclobutrazol decreased plant height and flower quantity by 38%and 87.1%,respectively,and delayed flowering by 15.6 d.ETH signaling has positive regulatory effects on vegetative growth and flower development.The ETH concentration in the developing leaf buds was at least 50%higher than that in other samples.Ethephon spraying led to remarkable increases in plant height and leaf thickness and extended the flowering duration.BR signaling acts as a growth promoter during vegetative and reproductive development in lotus.The highest BR levels were detected in the vegetative shoot tips.External application of28-epihomobrassinolide resulted in growth-promoting phenotypes including longer scapes,thicker leaves,and prolonged flowering.展开更多
Asian lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)is an aquatic plant with ornamental,cultural,economic,and ecological values.China has abundant germplasm resources of Asian lotus.However,in many areas,the wild Asian lotuses have ...Asian lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)is an aquatic plant with ornamental,cultural,economic,and ecological values.China has abundant germplasm resources of Asian lotus.However,in many areas,the wild Asian lotuses have been destroyed and the germplasms is now facing extinction.In addition,the knowledge of the genetic diversity of the wild Asian lotus in China is poor.To identify and protect the germplasms of Chinese wild Asian lotus,eleven genomic-SSR primers,three EST-SSR primers,and three chloroplast DNA primers were used to investigate the genetic diversity among 69 samples of wild Asian lotus from 25 locations in northern China.The genetic diversity of 27 samples of wild Asian lotus from southern China and other countries,the ancient Asian lotus,Asian lotus cultivars from China,and Asian-American hybrids was also compared.The genetic diversity of the wild Asian lotus from northern China was characterized as medium,and themean values of observed heterozygosity(Ho)and expected heterozygosity(He)were 0.087 and 0.552,respectively.Based on a UPGMA dendrogram and STRUCTURE analysis,the wild Asian lotus samples in northern China were divided into three groups.The wild Asian lotus samples from northern China contained 16 haplotypes.The Nei’s genetic distance between the wild Asian lotus samples from the Songhua River basin and the Liao River basin in northeastern China was relatively small,and these germplasms might be relatively primitive compared to those from other regions.This study provides essential information regarding the genetic diversity of the wild Asian lotus resources in northern China,and provides a basis for further analysis of population-level genetic evolution through high-throughput sequencing.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effect of Nelumbo Nucifera leaf water extract （NNLE） on insulinoma （RIN） cells induced by interleukin-1β （1L-1β） and interferon-g （IFN-γ）, and injured pancreatic β-cells induced...OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effect of Nelumbo Nucifera leaf water extract （NNLE） on insulinoma （RIN） cells induced by interleukin-1β （1L-1β） and interferon-g （IFN-γ）, and injured pancreatic β-cells induced by Streptozotocin （STZ） in rats. METHODS： The anti-oxidative effects of NNLE were assessed using 1,1 -diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl （DPPH） and nitric oxide （NO） scavenging assays. The inhibitory effect of NNLE on a-glucosidase and DPP （dipeptidyl peptidase）-IV was measured in vitro. Pancreatic 1β-cell protective and insulin secretory effects were assessed, using 1L-1β and IFN-γ-inducedrat RIN cells. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with 50, 100, and 400 mg/kg NNLE for 4 weeks. The effects of NNLE on blood glucose （BG）, body weight （BW）, and lipid profiles were measured. RESULTS： NNLE inhibited DPPH, NO, aglucosidase, and DPP-Ⅳ which were directly linked to the function of β-cells. Furthermore, NNLE protected RIN cells from toxicity induced by 11-11β and IFN-γ, decreased NO production, and increased insulin secretion. NNLE caused a significant reduction in blood glucose, triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, and creatinine in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, it significantly decreased BW loss in STZ-induced diabetic rats. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that NNLE reduced the toxicity in insulinoma cells and increased insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats.展开更多
The ability of Cocos nucifera L.water（CW） as non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for acid corrosion of aluminium in 0.5 mol/L HCl has been studied using chemical technique.CW shows significant inhibition as corrosion inhi...The ability of Cocos nucifera L.water（CW） as non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for acid corrosion of aluminium in 0.5 mol/L HCl has been studied using chemical technique.CW shows significant inhibition as corrosion inhibitor,with 93%efficiency at the highest concentration of the inhibitor.The inhibitive action is attributed to the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on metal surface following Langmuir adsorption isotherm.展开更多
Heavy metals have seriously contaminated soil and water, and done harm to public health. Academician WANG Naiyan proposed that ion-implantation technique should be exploited for environmental bioremediation by mutatin...Heavy metals have seriously contaminated soil and water, and done harm to public health. Academician WANG Naiyan proposed that ion-implantation technique should be exploited for environmental bioremediation by mutating and breeding plants or microbes. By implanting N^＋ into Taikonglian No.l, we have selected and bred two lotus cultivars, Jingguang No.1 and Jingguang No.2. The present study aims at analyzing the feasibility that irradiation can be used for remediation of soil and water from heavy metals. Compared with parent Taikonglian No.l, the uptaking and accumulating ability of heavy metals in two mutated cultivars was obviously improved. So ion implantation technique can indeed be used in bioremediation of heavy metals in soil and water, but it is hard to select and breed a cultivar which can remedy the soil and water from all the heavy metals.展开更多
To investigate the gene expression profile of endosperm development, a cDNA library was constructed and characterized from the pulp of coconut at different developmental stages. The constructed cDNA library incorporat...To investigate the gene expression profile of endosperm development, a cDNA library was constructed and characterized from the pulp of coconut at different developmental stages. The constructed cDNA library incorporated approximately 1 × 10^7 clones in total, and the size of the insertion fragments ranged from 800 to 2 000 bp. Sequencing results of 100 randomly picked clones showed that the recombination rate was 96%. In subsequent sequence analysis, 41 clones （41%） were homologous to known function proteins, and 23 clones showed high amino acid identity （more than 80%） with the corresponding genes of different plants. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicated that oleosin and globulin genes are pulpspecific expression, and have differential expression level in different developmental stage. Clone 29, recognized as homologous to KIAA1239 protein （Homo sapiens）, was observed to occur nine times, indicating that this gene may be over-expressed during the endosperm development stage. However, the homologous protein was found only in mammals, and the detailed function is still unknown. Elucidation of the functional characterization of these genes will be carried out immediately.展开更多
The study aimed to evaluate the endophytic fungi isolated from <em>Cocos nucifera</em> (L.) cotyledon for their possible antimicrobial activity. A total of twelve endophytic fungal species were successfull...The study aimed to evaluate the endophytic fungi isolated from <em>Cocos nucifera</em> (L.) cotyledon for their possible antimicrobial activity. A total of twelve endophytic fungal species were successfully isolated, from which five were selected and presumptively identified, including <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>Raffaelea sp.</em>, <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>, <em>Cladosporium sp.</em> and <em>Pseudallescheria spp.</em> based on their macro and microscopic characters. The agar blocks of actively growing pure culture were assessed for antibacterial activity against five human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains: <em>Escherichia coli</em> (BIOTECH 1634), <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (BIOTECH 1697), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (BIOTECH 1592), <em>Serratia marcescens</em> (BIOTECH 1748), and <em>Candida tropicalis</em> (BIOTECH 2085). Among the selected five endophytic used for antimicrobial activity screening, the <em>Raffaelea sp.</em> (CN-EF 2) has shown a high zone of inhibition of 11 mm against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, 18 mm against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, 15 mm against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and 11 mm against <em>Candida tropicalis</em>. Correspondingly, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (CN-EF 1) has shown a zone of inhibition of 16 mm against <em>C. tropicalis</em>. The endophytic fungus <em>Raffaelea sp.</em> was effective against all test organisms except for <em>Serratia marcescens</em>, while <em>Aspergillus niger</em> was only effective for pathogenic fungi <em>C. albicans</em>. Hence, further in-depth studies of the isolated endophytic fungi are needed to determine the mechanisms behind the endophytes’ inhibitory effects.展开更多
This comprehensive review systematically examines the multifarious aspects of Nelumbo nucifera,elucidating its eco-logical,nutritional,medicinal,and biomimetic significance.Renowned both culturally and scientifically,...This comprehensive review systematically examines the multifarious aspects of Nelumbo nucifera,elucidating its eco-logical,nutritional,medicinal,and biomimetic significance.Renowned both culturally and scientifically,Nelumbo nucif-era manifests remarkable adaptability,characterized by its extensive distribution across varied climatic regions,underpinned by its robust rhizome system and prolific reproductive strategies.Ecologically,this species plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems,primarily through biofiltration,thereby enhancing habitat biodiversity.The rhizomes and seeds of Nelumbo nucifera are nutritionally significant,being rich sources of dietary fiber,essential vitamins,and minerals,and have found extensive culinary applications.From a medicinal perspective,diverse constituents of Nelumbo nucifera exhibit therapeutic potential,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-cancer properties.Recent advancements in preservation technology and culinary innovation have further underscored its role in the food industry,highlighting its nutritional versatility.In biomimetics,the unique"lotus effect"is leveraged for the development of self-cleaning materials.Additionally,the transformation of Nelumbo nucifera into biochar is being explored for its potential in sustainable environmental practices.This review emphasizes the critical need for targeted conservation strategies to protect Nelumbo nucifera against the threats posed by climate change and habitat loss,advocating for its sustainable utilization as a species of significant value.展开更多
[ Objectives ] This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of 20 lotus （Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn） samples. [ Methods ] On this optimal ISSR amplification system, 16 primers were screened with good p...[ Objectives ] This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of 20 lotus （Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn） samples. [ Methods ] On this optimal ISSR amplification system, 16 primers were screened with good polymorphism, and the DNA was used to amplify the 20 plant samples. [ R^ults] The 16 primers produced 225 loci, of which 170 were polymorphic, and the polymorphic loci percentage was up to 75.56%. The genetic similarity coefficients between the 20 vari- eties ranged from 0. 577 8 to 0.951 1, which were calculated by POPGENE32. The 20 varieties by UPMGA analysis could be clustered into 2 groups, the first of which included Baiyangdian red lotus and Donggua lotus, and other varieties was included in the second group. [ Conchmions] ISSR molecular markers could be effectively used in genetic diversity and fingerprint analysis for different lotus varieties.展开更多
Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)is an economically important perennial aquatic herb plant in China.Presently,viral diseases caused by Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)and Dasheen mosaic virus(DsMV)are detected in lotus.In thi...Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)is an economically important perennial aquatic herb plant in China.Presently,viral diseases caused by Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)and Dasheen mosaic virus(DsMV)are detected in lotus.In this study,the putatively novel badnaviruses from lotus plants(LBVs)were identified using next-generation sequencing of siRNAs and conventional Sanger sequencing based on the RT/RNase H coding region sequences.Lotus plants infected by LBVs harbored virus quasispecies.A unique recombination event of LBVs was found in a single lotus plant.Sap inoculation showed that LBVs could actively replicate in the lotus plants,but without a wide host range.The field survey of 43 lotus plants in Jiangsu Province showed a prevalence of 62.8%for LBVs,confirming that it is widely distributed in Jiangsu Province of China.展开更多
Recently use of herbal therapies and diet rich in flavonoids and vitamins has augmented significantly to manage minor to modest illnesses. Several anti-hyperlipidemic agents are currently available;however most of the...Recently use of herbal therapies and diet rich in flavonoids and vitamins has augmented significantly to manage minor to modest illnesses. Several anti-hyperlipidemic agents are currently available;however most of them have various unwanted effects. That’s why more people are switching towards safer alternatives, specially derived from plants with fewer side effects. Hence current study was focused to determine the anti-hyperlipidemic potential of Nelumbo nucifera fruit in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet. This study would surely help in the exploration of a novel agent from the plant source and therefore may recommend the application of traditional medicines in humans. 28 white healthy rabbits of either sex weighing 1000 - 1500 gm were divided into four groups. Control group was given gum tragacanth and 3 groups served as test groups and were given N. nucifera fruit extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 45 days. Initially animals of all four groups received high cholesterol diet (HCD) 0.125 gm/kg cholesterol in 0.5% corn oil for 30 days. All drugs were given orally. Blood samples were taken thrice from the ear vein of animals, 1st after 24 hours of thirty days of HCD then again after 24 hours of thirty and forty five days dosing of N. nucifera fruit extract. The results showed remarkable cholesterol lowering effects of N. nucifera fruit extract at doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg but were particularly dominant at 200 mg/kg at which fruit extract highly significantly reduced TC, TG and LDL-C after 30 and 45 days and increased HDL-C significantly after 30 days and highly significantly after 45 days. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins and procyanidin are significant constituents of N. nucifera fruit which may have contributed in lipid lowering effects of N. nucifera fruit which can contribute in lowering the risk of CVDs and stroke but more preclinical and clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.展开更多
Background: The synergistic mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera (STCD) aqueous extract is a common drink in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. It is assumed to have various health benefits. Howe...Background: The synergistic mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera (STCD) aqueous extract is a common drink in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. It is assumed to have various health benefits. However, the synergistic mixture of the content has not been studied scientifically, hence the need to evaluate its effect on the liver and kidney being part of the body’s metabolic organs. Aim: This study evaluated the synergistic mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera (STCD) aqueous extract in male albino rats. Methods: Acute toxicity LD<sub>50</sub> of STCD was carried out, afterwards, fifteen male albino rats were grouped into three groups with 5 rats in each group;Control, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg STCD. The rats were administered STCD orally 24 hourly, for 21 days, with feed and water ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of the liver and kidney biomarkers, while the liver and kidney tissues were harvested for histopathological examination using standard laboratory methods. Descriptive statistics were computed and expressed as Mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA and Turkeys test was performed. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Acute toxicity LD50 of STCD was observed to be ≥2404.2 mg/kg body weight. An increase in the percentage body weight difference of 8.39% and 2.86% was observed for 200 and 400 mg/kg STCD groups. Also, the liver weight was observed to increase in 400 mg/kg (3.92 ± 1.42) in comparison to the control group (3.48 ± 1.61), a decrease in the kidney weight was observed in all groups administered STCD in comparison to the control group. Administration of STCD at both 200 and 400 mg/kg revealed a decrease in the concentration of the hepatic biomarkers AST, ALT, ALP, TP, Albumin, Total and conjugated bilirubin. The kidney biomarker Urea was observed to decrease in concentration for 200 mg/kg STCD (4.60 ± 1.83) and 400 mg/kg STCD (4.76 ± 0.74) when compared to the control group (6.32 ± 2.74). A decrease in Creatinine was observed in 200 mg/kg (91.80 ± 34.69) and 400 mg/kg (98.60 ± 15.53) in comparison to the control group (117.60 ± 42.88). The histological examination of the liver of rats administered STCD revealed structural normal central vein, hepatocytes and portal tract. The kidney examination revealed normal glomeruli and normal tubule. Conclusion: The findings of this study opine that STCD improved the health of both the liver and kidney as evidenced via the biomarkers and histological examinations of the liver and kidney. This study therefore recommends the intake of STCD at moderate doses for improved liver and kidney function due to its bioactive compounds and nutritional content.展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate the bone-protective potential of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.seed hydroalcoholic extract(NNHE)in an ovariectomized(OVX)rat model by modulating the estrogen receptor/osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor(NF)-κB(ER/OPG/RANKL)signaling pathway.Methods Network pharmacology was employed with the databases of PubChem,BindingDB,DisGeNET,Gene Ontology(GO),and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),along with Cytoscape 3.10.2 for identifying the targets and pathways of NNHE relevant to OP.A total of 48 specific pathogen-free(SPF)grade female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=8 per group):sham control,OVX control,OVX+NNHE[100,200,400 mg/(kg·d)],and OVX+alendronate[3 mg/(kg·week)].The treatment lasted for 16 weeks.Post-treatment assessment included bone parameters(weight,thickness,density,volume,and length),serum biochemical markers[parathyroid hormone(PTH),estrogen,OPG,RANKL,tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),osteocalcin(OC),calcitonin(CT),calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)],pro-inflammatory cytokines[tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-α,NF-κB,interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6],lipid profiles[total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL),and high density lipoprotein(HDL)],oxidative stress markers[superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH),and malondialdehyde(MDA)],and histopathological analyses of femur,uterus,and vaginal tissues.Results Network pharmacology analysis revealed 61 overlapping targets between NNHE and osteoporosis-related genes,including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),NF-κB subunit 1(NFKB1),dopamine receptor D2(DRD2),matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),and caspase-3.GO and KEGG enrichment suggested involvement in the ER/OPG/RANKL signaling pathway.In vivo studies demonstrated that NNHE treatment(400 mg/kg)significantly reduced OVX-induced body weight gain and exhibited estrogenic activity in the vaginal cornification assay.NNHE at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly increased serum estrogen levels compared with OVX control group,while uterine weight remained unaffected.NNHE significantly improved the lipid profile compared with OVX group,with TC,TG,and LDL decreased,while HDL levels were increased at 200 and 400 mg/kg.Bone metabolism markers were significantly improved compared with OVX group,with serum Ca and P levels restored at all NNHE doses and ALP activity reduced.NNHE effectively modulated bone turnover markers compared with OVX group by reducing levels of OC,TRAP,and PTH,and increasing level of CT.In addition,NNHE decreased RANKL level while increasing OPG level at 200 and 400 mg/kg.Bone mineral density(BMD)was significantly enhanced compared with OVX group.Serum oxidative stress was significantly mitigated compared with OVX group through increased levels of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,CAT,and GSH)and reduced MDA,with the most pronounced effects observed at 400 mg/kg.Pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,and NF-κB)were significantly reduced in all NNHE treatment groups compared with OVX group.Histopathological analysis confirmed restoration of trabecular bone structure and normalization of reproductive tissue morphology in OVX rats after NNHE treatment.Conclusion NNHE demonstrated significant protective effects against OVX-induced osteoporosis through ER/OPG/RANKL signaling pathway modulation,oxidative stress,and inflammation suppression,resulting in improved BMD and structural integrity.These findings indicate that NNHE may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for postmenopausal osteoporosis management and merits further clinical investigation.
文摘To estimate genetic variation in rhizome lotus （Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. ssp. nucifera） germplasms in China, a total of 94 rhizome lotus germplasms collected from 18 provinces in China were assessed. The RAPD （randomly amplified polymorphic DNA） marker was employed. The selected 17 random primers detected 139 polymorphic alleles out of a total 207 （67.15%）. Nei＇s gene diversity statistics and region differentiation parameters indicated that all germplasms had a relatively high level of genetic diversity with ne = 1.3202, h = 0.1937, I= 0.2982 and the gene flow among all regions was Nrn = 5.5742. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered all 94 germplasms into two clusters： One contained eight commercial cultivars and major landraces, and the other included the wild and some special landraces from five regions, and the PCA analysis exhibited the similar result. Those germplasms from southwestern and eastern China had higher genetic diversity than those from the southern, northern and central China. Predominant proportion of genetic variation （95.61%） was found significant within rather than among （4.39%） regions, as revealed by AMOVA analysis. The data analysis also revealed that the genetic diversity of rhizome lotus germplasms among different regions is positively related to their geographic distances, though it is ambiguous to find the trend from the UPGMA dendrogram and the PCA analysis. A relatively high genetic diversity and gene flow resided in the root lotus germplasms; about 96% of the variation was found within region; accessions from southwest and eastern China have higher genetic diversity than those from the southern, northern and central China.
文摘A new benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, named nelumstemine （1）, 1-（4＇-hydroxybenzoyl）-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, was isolated from the stems of Nelumbo nucifera Geartn. Its structure was established on the basis of spectral analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971705)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.21ZR1434200)。
文摘Hormones play important roles in vegetative and reproductive processes;however,the regulatory roles of hormones in Nelumbo nucifera(Lotus)growth and development are unclear.In this study,nine types of endogenous hormones,including gibberellins(GA_1,GA_3,and GA_4),indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),brassinolide(BR),ethylene(ETH),jasmonic acid(JA),abscisic acid(ABA),and zeatin(ZT)were detected in dormant shoot tips,vegetative shoot tips,developing leaf buds,and developing flower buds of lotus.The results indicated that GA,ETH,and BR signaling can promote vegetative and reproductive development of lotus.GA signaling regulates plant height and stimulates flower bud differentiation.GA levels were the highest in the flower buds;exogenous GA3+4 increased plant height by approximately 90%,increased flower quantity by nearly 40%,and advanced flowering by 4 d.Suppressing GA biosynthesis using paclobutrazol decreased plant height and flower quantity by 38%and 87.1%,respectively,and delayed flowering by 15.6 d.ETH signaling has positive regulatory effects on vegetative growth and flower development.The ETH concentration in the developing leaf buds was at least 50%higher than that in other samples.Ethephon spraying led to remarkable increases in plant height and leaf thickness and extended the flowering duration.BR signaling acts as a growth promoter during vegetative and reproductive development in lotus.The highest BR levels were detected in the vegetative shoot tips.External application of28-epihomobrassinolide resulted in growth-promoting phenotypes including longer scapes,thicker leaves,and prolonged flowering.
基金funded by Shanghai Administration Bureau of Landscape and City Appearance(Grant No.G182412).
文摘Asian lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)is an aquatic plant with ornamental,cultural,economic,and ecological values.China has abundant germplasm resources of Asian lotus.However,in many areas,the wild Asian lotuses have been destroyed and the germplasms is now facing extinction.In addition,the knowledge of the genetic diversity of the wild Asian lotus in China is poor.To identify and protect the germplasms of Chinese wild Asian lotus,eleven genomic-SSR primers,three EST-SSR primers,and three chloroplast DNA primers were used to investigate the genetic diversity among 69 samples of wild Asian lotus from 25 locations in northern China.The genetic diversity of 27 samples of wild Asian lotus from southern China and other countries,the ancient Asian lotus,Asian lotus cultivars from China,and Asian-American hybrids was also compared.The genetic diversity of the wild Asian lotus from northern China was characterized as medium,and themean values of observed heterozygosity(Ho)and expected heterozygosity(He)were 0.087 and 0.552,respectively.Based on a UPGMA dendrogram and STRUCTURE analysis,the wild Asian lotus samples in northern China were divided into three groups.The wild Asian lotus samples from northern China contained 16 haplotypes.The Nei’s genetic distance between the wild Asian lotus samples from the Songhua River basin and the Liao River basin in northeastern China was relatively small,and these germplasms might be relatively primitive compared to those from other regions.This study provides essential information regarding the genetic diversity of the wild Asian lotus resources in northern China,and provides a basis for further analysis of population-level genetic evolution through high-throughput sequencing.
文摘OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effect of Nelumbo Nucifera leaf water extract （NNLE） on insulinoma （RIN） cells induced by interleukin-1β （1L-1β） and interferon-g （IFN-γ）, and injured pancreatic β-cells induced by Streptozotocin （STZ） in rats. METHODS： The anti-oxidative effects of NNLE were assessed using 1,1 -diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl （DPPH） and nitric oxide （NO） scavenging assays. The inhibitory effect of NNLE on a-glucosidase and DPP （dipeptidyl peptidase）-IV was measured in vitro. Pancreatic 1β-cell protective and insulin secretory effects were assessed, using 1L-1β and IFN-γ-inducedrat RIN cells. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with 50, 100, and 400 mg/kg NNLE for 4 weeks. The effects of NNLE on blood glucose （BG）, body weight （BW）, and lipid profiles were measured. RESULTS： NNLE inhibited DPPH, NO, aglucosidase, and DPP-Ⅳ which were directly linked to the function of β-cells. Furthermore, NNLE protected RIN cells from toxicity induced by 11-11β and IFN-γ, decreased NO production, and increased insulin secretion. NNLE caused a significant reduction in blood glucose, triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, and creatinine in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, it significantly decreased BW loss in STZ-induced diabetic rats. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that NNLE reduced the toxicity in insulinoma cells and increased insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
文摘The ability of Cocos nucifera L.water（CW） as non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for acid corrosion of aluminium in 0.5 mol/L HCl has been studied using chemical technique.CW shows significant inhibition as corrosion inhibitor,with 93%efficiency at the highest concentration of the inhibitor.The inhibitive action is attributed to the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on metal surface following Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11075019)Beijing Ion-Irradiating-Breeding Research Platform Project of China
文摘Heavy metals have seriously contaminated soil and water, and done harm to public health. Academician WANG Naiyan proposed that ion-implantation technique should be exploited for environmental bioremediation by mutating and breeding plants or microbes. By implanting N^＋ into Taikonglian No.l, we have selected and bred two lotus cultivars, Jingguang No.1 and Jingguang No.2. The present study aims at analyzing the feasibility that irradiation can be used for remediation of soil and water from heavy metals. Compared with parent Taikonglian No.l, the uptaking and accumulating ability of heavy metals in two mutated cultivars was obviously improved. So ion implantation technique can indeed be used in bioremediation of heavy metals in soil and water, but it is hard to select and breed a cultivar which can remedy the soil and water from all the heavy metals.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30560092)
文摘To investigate the gene expression profile of endosperm development, a cDNA library was constructed and characterized from the pulp of coconut at different developmental stages. The constructed cDNA library incorporated approximately 1 × 10^7 clones in total, and the size of the insertion fragments ranged from 800 to 2 000 bp. Sequencing results of 100 randomly picked clones showed that the recombination rate was 96%. In subsequent sequence analysis, 41 clones （41%） were homologous to known function proteins, and 23 clones showed high amino acid identity （more than 80%） with the corresponding genes of different plants. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicated that oleosin and globulin genes are pulpspecific expression, and have differential expression level in different developmental stage. Clone 29, recognized as homologous to KIAA1239 protein （Homo sapiens）, was observed to occur nine times, indicating that this gene may be over-expressed during the endosperm development stage. However, the homologous protein was found only in mammals, and the detailed function is still unknown. Elucidation of the functional characterization of these genes will be carried out immediately.
文摘The study aimed to evaluate the endophytic fungi isolated from <em>Cocos nucifera</em> (L.) cotyledon for their possible antimicrobial activity. A total of twelve endophytic fungal species were successfully isolated, from which five were selected and presumptively identified, including <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>Raffaelea sp.</em>, <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>, <em>Cladosporium sp.</em> and <em>Pseudallescheria spp.</em> based on their macro and microscopic characters. The agar blocks of actively growing pure culture were assessed for antibacterial activity against five human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains: <em>Escherichia coli</em> (BIOTECH 1634), <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (BIOTECH 1697), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (BIOTECH 1592), <em>Serratia marcescens</em> (BIOTECH 1748), and <em>Candida tropicalis</em> (BIOTECH 2085). Among the selected five endophytic used for antimicrobial activity screening, the <em>Raffaelea sp.</em> (CN-EF 2) has shown a high zone of inhibition of 11 mm against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, 18 mm against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, 15 mm against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and 11 mm against <em>Candida tropicalis</em>. Correspondingly, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (CN-EF 1) has shown a zone of inhibition of 16 mm against <em>C. tropicalis</em>. The endophytic fungus <em>Raffaelea sp.</em> was effective against all test organisms except for <em>Serratia marcescens</em>, while <em>Aspergillus niger</em> was only effective for pathogenic fungi <em>C. albicans</em>. Hence, further in-depth studies of the isolated endophytic fungi are needed to determine the mechanisms behind the endophytes’ inhibitory effects.
基金support provided by various funding sources,including the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51709254,No.32201384)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020335)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(2020BCA073)National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2019FY100600).
文摘This comprehensive review systematically examines the multifarious aspects of Nelumbo nucifera,elucidating its eco-logical,nutritional,medicinal,and biomimetic significance.Renowned both culturally and scientifically,Nelumbo nucif-era manifests remarkable adaptability,characterized by its extensive distribution across varied climatic regions,underpinned by its robust rhizome system and prolific reproductive strategies.Ecologically,this species plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems,primarily through biofiltration,thereby enhancing habitat biodiversity.The rhizomes and seeds of Nelumbo nucifera are nutritionally significant,being rich sources of dietary fiber,essential vitamins,and minerals,and have found extensive culinary applications.From a medicinal perspective,diverse constituents of Nelumbo nucifera exhibit therapeutic potential,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-cancer properties.Recent advancements in preservation technology and culinary innovation have further underscored its role in the food industry,highlighting its nutritional versatility.In biomimetics,the unique"lotus effect"is leveraged for the development of self-cleaning materials.Additionally,the transformation of Nelumbo nucifera into biochar is being explored for its potential in sustainable environmental practices.This review emphasizes the critical need for targeted conservation strategies to protect Nelumbo nucifera against the threats posed by climate change and habitat loss,advocating for its sustainable utilization as a species of significant value.
基金Supported by the Education Department Project of Fujian Province(JB11039)
文摘[ Objectives ] This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of 20 lotus （Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn） samples. [ Methods ] On this optimal ISSR amplification system, 16 primers were screened with good polymorphism, and the DNA was used to amplify the 20 plant samples. [ R^ults] The 16 primers produced 225 loci, of which 170 were polymorphic, and the polymorphic loci percentage was up to 75.56%. The genetic similarity coefficients between the 20 vari- eties ranged from 0. 577 8 to 0.951 1, which were calculated by POPGENE32. The 20 varieties by UPMGA analysis could be clustered into 2 groups, the first of which included Baiyangdian red lotus and Donggua lotus, and other varieties was included in the second group. [ Conchmions] ISSR molecular markers could be effectively used in genetic diversity and fingerprint analysis for different lotus varieties.
基金Key project at central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(Grant No.2060302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31601604)China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-24).
文摘Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)is an economically important perennial aquatic herb plant in China.Presently,viral diseases caused by Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)and Dasheen mosaic virus(DsMV)are detected in lotus.In this study,the putatively novel badnaviruses from lotus plants(LBVs)were identified using next-generation sequencing of siRNAs and conventional Sanger sequencing based on the RT/RNase H coding region sequences.Lotus plants infected by LBVs harbored virus quasispecies.A unique recombination event of LBVs was found in a single lotus plant.Sap inoculation showed that LBVs could actively replicate in the lotus plants,but without a wide host range.The field survey of 43 lotus plants in Jiangsu Province showed a prevalence of 62.8%for LBVs,confirming that it is widely distributed in Jiangsu Province of China.
文摘Recently use of herbal therapies and diet rich in flavonoids and vitamins has augmented significantly to manage minor to modest illnesses. Several anti-hyperlipidemic agents are currently available;however most of them have various unwanted effects. That’s why more people are switching towards safer alternatives, specially derived from plants with fewer side effects. Hence current study was focused to determine the anti-hyperlipidemic potential of Nelumbo nucifera fruit in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet. This study would surely help in the exploration of a novel agent from the plant source and therefore may recommend the application of traditional medicines in humans. 28 white healthy rabbits of either sex weighing 1000 - 1500 gm were divided into four groups. Control group was given gum tragacanth and 3 groups served as test groups and were given N. nucifera fruit extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 45 days. Initially animals of all four groups received high cholesterol diet (HCD) 0.125 gm/kg cholesterol in 0.5% corn oil for 30 days. All drugs were given orally. Blood samples were taken thrice from the ear vein of animals, 1st after 24 hours of thirty days of HCD then again after 24 hours of thirty and forty five days dosing of N. nucifera fruit extract. The results showed remarkable cholesterol lowering effects of N. nucifera fruit extract at doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg but were particularly dominant at 200 mg/kg at which fruit extract highly significantly reduced TC, TG and LDL-C after 30 and 45 days and increased HDL-C significantly after 30 days and highly significantly after 45 days. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins and procyanidin are significant constituents of N. nucifera fruit which may have contributed in lipid lowering effects of N. nucifera fruit which can contribute in lowering the risk of CVDs and stroke but more preclinical and clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.
文摘Background: The synergistic mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera (STCD) aqueous extract is a common drink in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. It is assumed to have various health benefits. However, the synergistic mixture of the content has not been studied scientifically, hence the need to evaluate its effect on the liver and kidney being part of the body’s metabolic organs. Aim: This study evaluated the synergistic mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera (STCD) aqueous extract in male albino rats. Methods: Acute toxicity LD<sub>50</sub> of STCD was carried out, afterwards, fifteen male albino rats were grouped into three groups with 5 rats in each group;Control, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg STCD. The rats were administered STCD orally 24 hourly, for 21 days, with feed and water ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of the liver and kidney biomarkers, while the liver and kidney tissues were harvested for histopathological examination using standard laboratory methods. Descriptive statistics were computed and expressed as Mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA and Turkeys test was performed. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Acute toxicity LD50 of STCD was observed to be ≥2404.2 mg/kg body weight. An increase in the percentage body weight difference of 8.39% and 2.86% was observed for 200 and 400 mg/kg STCD groups. Also, the liver weight was observed to increase in 400 mg/kg (3.92 ± 1.42) in comparison to the control group (3.48 ± 1.61), a decrease in the kidney weight was observed in all groups administered STCD in comparison to the control group. Administration of STCD at both 200 and 400 mg/kg revealed a decrease in the concentration of the hepatic biomarkers AST, ALT, ALP, TP, Albumin, Total and conjugated bilirubin. The kidney biomarker Urea was observed to decrease in concentration for 200 mg/kg STCD (4.60 ± 1.83) and 400 mg/kg STCD (4.76 ± 0.74) when compared to the control group (6.32 ± 2.74). A decrease in Creatinine was observed in 200 mg/kg (91.80 ± 34.69) and 400 mg/kg (98.60 ± 15.53) in comparison to the control group (117.60 ± 42.88). The histological examination of the liver of rats administered STCD revealed structural normal central vein, hepatocytes and portal tract. The kidney examination revealed normal glomeruli and normal tubule. Conclusion: The findings of this study opine that STCD improved the health of both the liver and kidney as evidenced via the biomarkers and histological examinations of the liver and kidney. This study therefore recommends the intake of STCD at moderate doses for improved liver and kidney function due to its bioactive compounds and nutritional content.
