Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system（PNS）.By establishing lipid-rich myelin sheaths around large-caliber axons,they ensure that electrical signal transmission is accelerated...Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system（PNS）.By establishing lipid-rich myelin sheaths around large-caliber axons,they ensure that electrical signal transmission is accelerated-a process referred to as saltatory signal propagation.Apart from this prominent physiological function,these cells also exert important pathophysiological roles in PNS injuries or dis- eases. In contrast to the central nervous system （CNS）, the adult PNS retains a remarkably high degree of intrinsic re- generation. As a consequence, transected axons and dam- aged myelin sheaths can be repaired and nerve functional- ity can be restored. This spontaneous regenerative capacity depends on （inter） actions of macrophages, neurons, and Schwann cells.展开更多
The LY12 Al alloy was brazed with the adoption of the improved KF CsF AlF 3 flux matching Ag Al Cu Zn filler metal. The shear strength of brazed joint could reach 80% of that of the substrate and the tensile str...The LY12 Al alloy was brazed with the adoption of the improved KF CsF AlF 3 flux matching Ag Al Cu Zn filler metal. The shear strength of brazed joint could reach 80% of that of the substrate and the tensile strength of butt brazed joint will be 70% of that of the substrate. This was the great progress against the traditional claim that Al alloy reinforced by heat treatment could not be brazed. The experimental results and theoretical analysis had proved that it was the key issue to remove the MgO oxide film below 503 ℃ . The addition of rare earth La was the effective way to obtain better mechanical properties of the filler metal as well as brazed joints.展开更多
A paper titled"The CRISPR-Cas13 a gene-editing system induces collateral cleavage of RNA in glioma cells",recently published in Advanced Science by the Kang group,reports the promising application of the CRI...A paper titled"The CRISPR-Cas13 a gene-editing system induces collateral cleavage of RNA in glioma cells",recently published in Advanced Science by the Kang group,reports the promising application of the CRISPR-Cas13 a system in cancer cells1.展开更多
Uncertainty in determining optimum conjunctive water use lies not only on variability of hydrological cycle and climate but also on lack of adequate data and perfect knowledge about groundwater-surface water system in...Uncertainty in determining optimum conjunctive water use lies not only on variability of hydrological cycle and climate but also on lack of adequate data and perfect knowledge about groundwater-surface water system interactions, errors in historic data and inherent variability of system parameters both in space and time. Simulation-optimization models are used for conjunctive water use management under uncertain conditions. However, direct application of such approach whereby all realizations are considered at every-iteration of the optimization process leads to a highly computational time-consuming optimization problem as the number of realizations increases. Hence, this study proposes a novel approach—a Retrospective Optimization Approximation (ROA) approach. In this approach, a simulation model was used to determine aquifer system responses (draw-downs) which were assembled as response matrices and incorporated in the optimization model (procedure) as coefficients in the constraints. The sample optimization sub-problems generated, were solved and analyzed through ROA-Active-Set procedure implemented under MATLAB code. The ROA-Active Set procedure solves and evaluates a sequence of sample path optimization sub-problems in an increasing number of realizations. The methodology was applied to a real-world conjunctive water use management problem found in Great Letaba River basin, South Africa. In the River basin, surface water source contributes 87% of the existing un-optimized total conjunctive water use withdrawal rate (6512.04 m<sup>3</sup>/day) and the remaining 13% is contributed by groundwater source. Through ROA approach, results indicate that the optimum percentages contribution of the surface and subsurface sources to the total water demand are 58% and 42% respectively. This implies that the existing percentage contribution can be increased or reduced by ±29% that is groundwater source can be increased by 29% while the surface water source contribution can be reduced by 29%. This reveals that the existing conjunctive water use practice is unsustainable wherein surface water system is overstressed while groundwater system is under-utilized. Through k-means sampling technique ROA-Active Set procedure was able to attain a converged maximum expected total optimum conjunctive water use withdrawal rate of 4.35 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/day within a relatively few numbers of iterations (6 to 8 iterations) in about 2.30 Hrs. In conclusion, results demonstrated that ROA approach is capable of managing real-world regional aquifers sustainable conjunctive water use practice under hydro-geological uncertainty conditions.展开更多
a Pole voltage waveforms (VA20 and VA40) for modulation index 0.4 (middle trace is A-phase voltage waveform) x-axis: 1 div.=10ms, y-axis: 1 div.= 100V b Normalized harmonic spectrum for pole voltage of Fig. 9a c A-pha...a Pole voltage waveforms (VA20 and VA40) for modulation index 0.4 (middle trace is A-phase voltage waveform) x-axis: 1 div.=10ms, y-axis: 1 div.= 100V b Normalized harmonic spectrum for pole voltage of Fig. 9a c A-phase current and phase voltage for modulation index 0.4 (reference space vector is in inner layer)展开更多
a Pole voltage waveforms (VA20 and VA40) for modulation index 0.4 (middle trace is A-phase voltage waveform) x-axis: 1 div.=10ms, y-axis: 1 div.= 100V b Normalized harmonic spectrum for pole voltage of Fig. 9a c A-pha...a Pole voltage waveforms (VA20 and VA40) for modulation index 0.4 (middle trace is A-phase voltage waveform) x-axis: 1 div.=10ms, y-axis: 1 div.= 100V b Normalized harmonic spectrum for pole voltage of Fig. 9a c A-phase current and phase voltage for modulation index 0.4 (reference space vector is in inner layer)展开更多
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with a comparatively large genome and an impressive genetic capability allowing it to grow in a variety of environments and tolerate a wide range...Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with a comparatively large genome and an impressive genetic capability allowing it to grow in a variety of environments and tolerate a wide range of physical conditions.This biological flexibility enables the P.aeruginosa to cause a broad range of infections in patients with serious underlying medical conditions,and to be a principal cause of health care associated infection worldwide.The clinical manifestations of P.aeruginosa include mostly health care associated infections and community-acquired infections.P.aeruginosa possesses an array of virulence factors that counteract host defence mechanisms.It can directly damage host tissue while utilizing high levels of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance mechanisms to counter most classes of antibiotics.P.aeruginosa co-regulates multiple resistance mechanisms by perpetually moving targets poses a significant therapeutic challenge.Thus,there is an urgent need for novel approaches in the development of anti-Pseudomonas agents.Here we review the principal infections caused by P.aeruginosa and we discuss novel therapeutic options to tackle antibiotic resistance and treatment of P.aeruginosa infections that may be further developed for clinical practice.展开更多
We present a new scheme to allocate/de-allocate Transport Network Assigned (TN A) address using Link Management Protocol (LMP) and to register/resolution these addresses using Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LD...We present a new scheme to allocate/de-allocate Transport Network Assigned (TN A) address using Link Management Protocol (LMP) and to register/resolution these addresses using Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) for Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON).展开更多
In this paper, it is presented that an approach based on Continuous Wavelet Thansform(CWT) and Fourier Transform(FT) for identifying ultrasonic echoes in inspecting oil well cementing quality. First, CWT is used to pr...In this paper, it is presented that an approach based on Continuous Wavelet Thansform(CWT) and Fourier Transform(FT) for identifying ultrasonic echoes in inspecting oil well cementing quality. First, CWT is used to process echo signals. Then spectra of the processing results in some specilic scale-time segments are calculated as pattern features. The research results show that theoretical calculations basically agree with experimental results. Compared with the aPproach based on the spectra or Discrete Wavlet Transform, our approach has advantages of fine analyzing scales, stable features and high recognizing rate. It is very suitable to identify echo signals whose spectra vary with time.展开更多
The pesticide contamination of Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs)takes different ways,which caused the complexity of pesticide residues.The effective control of pesticide residues and the establishment of relevant de...The pesticide contamination of Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs)takes different ways,which caused the complexity of pesticide residues.The effective control of pesticide residues and the establishment of relevant detection methods are very important for ensuring the safety of TCMs.Our group has been committed to the determination of pesticide residues in TCMs for years.展开更多
Neurodegeneration is one of the biggest public health problems in modern society. Age-associated neurodegeneration, which is accelerated several-fold in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） alone, is not only an enormous socia...Neurodegeneration is one of the biggest public health problems in modern society. Age-associated neurodegeneration, which is accelerated several-fold in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） alone, is not only an enormous social and economic burden to the affected in- dividuals and their families, but is also a great scientific challenge. Currently 25-35 million people worldwide suffer from AD, the single largest cause of dementia in middle- to old-aged individuals. These numbers are projected to triple by 2050 if no treatment to prevent or reverse AD is developed.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Somatic mutations are a large category of genetic variations,which play an essential role in tumorigenesis. Detection of somatic single nucleotide variants(SNVs) could facilitate downstream analysis of tum...DEAR EDITOR,Somatic mutations are a large category of genetic variations,which play an essential role in tumorigenesis. Detection of somatic single nucleotide variants(SNVs) could facilitate downstream analysis of tumorigenesis. Many computational methods have been developed to detect SNVs, but most require normal matched samples to differentiate somatic SNVs from the normal state, which can be difficult to obtain.展开更多
Background: Cutaneous oncology encompasses a broad range of skin malignancies, including melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), all of which pose significant global health c...Background: Cutaneous oncology encompasses a broad range of skin malignancies, including melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), all of which pose significant global health challenges. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that melanoma incidence has increased by approximately 50% over the past three decades. While SCC and BCC are generally less aggressive than melanoma, they contribute significantly to the overall burden of skin cancer due to their high prevalence. Traditional treatment modalities for these malignancies, such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, have shown limitations in achieving durable responses and minimizing systemic toxicity. As a result, there is an increasing need for more effective and less toxic treatment options. Immunotherapeutic strategies have emerged as a promising avenue in oncology, with the potential to revolutionize treatment approaches for cutaneous malignancies. Objectives: This literature review aims to undertake an in-depth examination of immunotherapeutic strategies for melanoma, SCC, and BCC. Specifically, the review focuses on the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies, and emerging immunotherapies, assessing their impact on treatment outcomes, survival rates, and patient quality of life. Methods: A literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The search terms included “cutaneous oncology”, “immunotherapy”, “immune checkpoint inhibitors”, “adoptive cell therapy”, “melanoma”, “cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma”, and “basal cell carcinoma”. Peer-reviewed articles published in the last 10 years that reported clinical outcomes from immunotherapy-based treatments for cutaneous malignancies were included. The studies were reviewed and analyzed based on their reported clinical outcomes, including survival rates, adverse events, and quality of life metrics. Results: Our review identified significant advancements in immunotherapeutic strategies for cutaneous oncology. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, demonstrated improved overall survival rates, particularly in melanoma patients. In addition, adoptive cell therapies, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies, showed promise in managing both cutaneous SCC and BCC, with reported reductions in tumor burden and durable responses. Emerging immunotherapies, such as cancer vaccines and oncolytic viruses, are in early clinical trials but exhibit potential in enhancing antitumor immunity and expanding treatment options. Conclusions: Immunotherapeutic strategies represent a critical advancement in the management of cutaneous malignancies, offering improved outcomes compared to traditional therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies are already reshaping clinical practice, while emerging immunotherapies provide exciting avenues for future research. These therapies not only enhance survival rates but also reduce systemic toxicities, representing a transformative approach to treating skin cancer. Further research and clinical trials are needed to refine these strategies and expand their applicability to a broader patient population.展开更多
锂电池健康状态(state of health,SOH)的在线估计是锂电池管理系统中必不可少的一部分。大部分基于数据驱动的锂电池SOH估计方法由于计算量较大,难以在锂电池管理系统微控制器中在线使用。因此,文中提出基于新型健康特征的锂电池SOH快...锂电池健康状态(state of health,SOH)的在线估计是锂电池管理系统中必不可少的一部分。大部分基于数据驱动的锂电池SOH估计方法由于计算量较大,难以在锂电池管理系统微控制器中在线使用。因此,文中提出基于新型健康特征的锂电池SOH快速估计方法。首先,分析锂电池的充电数据,基于已有的锂电池恒流充电过程的等压升时间(time interval of an equal charging voltage difference,TIECVD)健康特征,构建一个同充电电压起点、同充电时间间隔的健康特征。其次,文中提出基于新型健康特征和多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)的锂电池SOH快速估计方法。然后,通过对牛津锂电池老化数据集和美国国家航空航天局锂电池随机使用数据集进行分析,以0.01 V步长遍历恒流充电电压区间,以皮尔逊相关系数最大为目标,确定锂电池最优的起始电压。最后,考虑不同充电时间间隔,利用最小二乘(ordinary least squares,OLS)回归分析方法,确定锂电池最优充电时间间隔参数。使用2个数据集划分的训练集建立MLR模型,使用2个数据集划分的验证集对文中方法进行验证。实验结果表明,文中基于新型健康特征方法可极大缩减计算量,并且可以在保障预测精度的前提下实现锂电池SOH的快速估计。展开更多
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease with a mortality rate that has not significantly improved over decades.This is likely due to several challenges unique to pancreatic cancer.Most patients with pancreatic c...Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease with a mortality rate that has not significantly improved over decades.This is likely due to several challenges unique to pancreatic cancer.Most patients with pancreatic cancer are diagnosed at a late stage of disease due to the lack of specific symptoms prompting an early investigation.A small subset of patients who are diagnosed at an early stage have a better chance at survival with curative surgical resection,but most patients still succumb to the disease in a few years.The dismal overall prognosis is due to suspected micro-metastasis at an early stage.Due to this reason,there is a recent interest in treating all patients with pancreatic cancers with systemic therapy upfront(including the ones that are surgically resectable).This approach is still not the standard of care due to the lack of robust prospective data available.Recent advancements in treatment regimens of chemotherapy,radiation and immunotherapy have improved the overall short-term survival but the long-term survival still remains poor.Novel approaches in diagnosis and treatment have shown promise in clinical studies but long-term clinical data is lacking.The following manuscript presents an overview of the epidemiology,diagnosis,staging,recent advances,novel approaches and controversies in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the DFG(German Research Council)Novartis Pharma Gmb H(Nürnberg+2 种基金Germany)Baxter Innovations Gmb H(ViennaGermany)
文摘Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system（PNS）.By establishing lipid-rich myelin sheaths around large-caliber axons,they ensure that electrical signal transmission is accelerated-a process referred to as saltatory signal propagation.Apart from this prominent physiological function,these cells also exert important pathophysiological roles in PNS injuries or dis- eases. In contrast to the central nervous system （CNS）, the adult PNS retains a remarkably high degree of intrinsic re- generation. As a consequence, transected axons and dam- aged myelin sheaths can be repaired and nerve functional- ity can be restored. This spontaneous regenerative capacity depends on （inter） actions of macrophages, neurons, and Schwann cells.
文摘The LY12 Al alloy was brazed with the adoption of the improved KF CsF AlF 3 flux matching Ag Al Cu Zn filler metal. The shear strength of brazed joint could reach 80% of that of the substrate and the tensile strength of butt brazed joint will be 70% of that of the substrate. This was the great progress against the traditional claim that Al alloy reinforced by heat treatment could not be brazed. The experimental results and theoretical analysis had proved that it was the key issue to remove the MgO oxide film below 503 ℃ . The addition of rare earth La was the effective way to obtain better mechanical properties of the filler metal as well as brazed joints.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81772682,81974389)Jiangsu Province’s Key Discipline of Medicine(Grant No.ZDXKA2016001)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘A paper titled"The CRISPR-Cas13 a gene-editing system induces collateral cleavage of RNA in glioma cells",recently published in Advanced Science by the Kang group,reports the promising application of the CRISPR-Cas13 a system in cancer cells1.
文摘Uncertainty in determining optimum conjunctive water use lies not only on variability of hydrological cycle and climate but also on lack of adequate data and perfect knowledge about groundwater-surface water system interactions, errors in historic data and inherent variability of system parameters both in space and time. Simulation-optimization models are used for conjunctive water use management under uncertain conditions. However, direct application of such approach whereby all realizations are considered at every-iteration of the optimization process leads to a highly computational time-consuming optimization problem as the number of realizations increases. Hence, this study proposes a novel approach—a Retrospective Optimization Approximation (ROA) approach. In this approach, a simulation model was used to determine aquifer system responses (draw-downs) which were assembled as response matrices and incorporated in the optimization model (procedure) as coefficients in the constraints. The sample optimization sub-problems generated, were solved and analyzed through ROA-Active-Set procedure implemented under MATLAB code. The ROA-Active Set procedure solves and evaluates a sequence of sample path optimization sub-problems in an increasing number of realizations. The methodology was applied to a real-world conjunctive water use management problem found in Great Letaba River basin, South Africa. In the River basin, surface water source contributes 87% of the existing un-optimized total conjunctive water use withdrawal rate (6512.04 m<sup>3</sup>/day) and the remaining 13% is contributed by groundwater source. Through ROA approach, results indicate that the optimum percentages contribution of the surface and subsurface sources to the total water demand are 58% and 42% respectively. This implies that the existing percentage contribution can be increased or reduced by ±29% that is groundwater source can be increased by 29% while the surface water source contribution can be reduced by 29%. This reveals that the existing conjunctive water use practice is unsustainable wherein surface water system is overstressed while groundwater system is under-utilized. Through k-means sampling technique ROA-Active Set procedure was able to attain a converged maximum expected total optimum conjunctive water use withdrawal rate of 4.35 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/day within a relatively few numbers of iterations (6 to 8 iterations) in about 2.30 Hrs. In conclusion, results demonstrated that ROA approach is capable of managing real-world regional aquifers sustainable conjunctive water use practice under hydro-geological uncertainty conditions.
文摘a Pole voltage waveforms (VA20 and VA40) for modulation index 0.4 (middle trace is A-phase voltage waveform) x-axis: 1 div.=10ms, y-axis: 1 div.= 100V b Normalized harmonic spectrum for pole voltage of Fig. 9a c A-phase current and phase voltage for modulation index 0.4 (reference space vector is in inner layer)
文摘a Pole voltage waveforms (VA20 and VA40) for modulation index 0.4 (middle trace is A-phase voltage waveform) x-axis: 1 div.=10ms, y-axis: 1 div.= 100V b Normalized harmonic spectrum for pole voltage of Fig. 9a c A-phase current and phase voltage for modulation index 0.4 (reference space vector is in inner layer)
文摘Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with a comparatively large genome and an impressive genetic capability allowing it to grow in a variety of environments and tolerate a wide range of physical conditions.This biological flexibility enables the P.aeruginosa to cause a broad range of infections in patients with serious underlying medical conditions,and to be a principal cause of health care associated infection worldwide.The clinical manifestations of P.aeruginosa include mostly health care associated infections and community-acquired infections.P.aeruginosa possesses an array of virulence factors that counteract host defence mechanisms.It can directly damage host tissue while utilizing high levels of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance mechanisms to counter most classes of antibiotics.P.aeruginosa co-regulates multiple resistance mechanisms by perpetually moving targets poses a significant therapeutic challenge.Thus,there is an urgent need for novel approaches in the development of anti-Pseudomonas agents.Here we review the principal infections caused by P.aeruginosa and we discuss novel therapeutic options to tackle antibiotic resistance and treatment of P.aeruginosa infections that may be further developed for clinical practice.
基金This work is supported by the 863 Program and Shanghai Program of Optical Science and Technology.
文摘We present a new scheme to allocate/de-allocate Transport Network Assigned (TN A) address using Link Management Protocol (LMP) and to register/resolution these addresses using Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) for Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON).
文摘In this paper, it is presented that an approach based on Continuous Wavelet Thansform(CWT) and Fourier Transform(FT) for identifying ultrasonic echoes in inspecting oil well cementing quality. First, CWT is used to process echo signals. Then spectra of the processing results in some specilic scale-time segments are calculated as pattern features. The research results show that theoretical calculations basically agree with experimental results. Compared with the aPproach based on the spectra or Discrete Wavlet Transform, our approach has advantages of fine analyzing scales, stable features and high recognizing rate. It is very suitable to identify echo signals whose spectra vary with time.
文摘The pesticide contamination of Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs)takes different ways,which caused the complexity of pesticide residues.The effective control of pesticide residues and the establishment of relevant detection methods are very important for ensuring the safety of TCMs.Our group has been committed to the determination of pesticide residues in TCMs for years.
基金supported in part by the New York State Office of People with Developmental Disabilities(OPWDD)Zenith Award ZEN-12-241233 from Alzheimer’s Associationa research grant#20121203 from Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation,New York
文摘Neurodegeneration is one of the biggest public health problems in modern society. Age-associated neurodegeneration, which is accelerated several-fold in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） alone, is not only an enormous social and economic burden to the affected in- dividuals and their families, but is also a great scientific challenge. Currently 25-35 million people worldwide suffer from AD, the single largest cause of dementia in middle- to old-aged individuals. These numbers are projected to triple by 2050 if no treatment to prevent or reverse AD is developed.
基金supported by the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program and National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070683) to Y.P.C。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Somatic mutations are a large category of genetic variations,which play an essential role in tumorigenesis. Detection of somatic single nucleotide variants(SNVs) could facilitate downstream analysis of tumorigenesis. Many computational methods have been developed to detect SNVs, but most require normal matched samples to differentiate somatic SNVs from the normal state, which can be difficult to obtain.
文摘Background: Cutaneous oncology encompasses a broad range of skin malignancies, including melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), all of which pose significant global health challenges. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that melanoma incidence has increased by approximately 50% over the past three decades. While SCC and BCC are generally less aggressive than melanoma, they contribute significantly to the overall burden of skin cancer due to their high prevalence. Traditional treatment modalities for these malignancies, such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, have shown limitations in achieving durable responses and minimizing systemic toxicity. As a result, there is an increasing need for more effective and less toxic treatment options. Immunotherapeutic strategies have emerged as a promising avenue in oncology, with the potential to revolutionize treatment approaches for cutaneous malignancies. Objectives: This literature review aims to undertake an in-depth examination of immunotherapeutic strategies for melanoma, SCC, and BCC. Specifically, the review focuses on the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies, and emerging immunotherapies, assessing their impact on treatment outcomes, survival rates, and patient quality of life. Methods: A literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The search terms included “cutaneous oncology”, “immunotherapy”, “immune checkpoint inhibitors”, “adoptive cell therapy”, “melanoma”, “cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma”, and “basal cell carcinoma”. Peer-reviewed articles published in the last 10 years that reported clinical outcomes from immunotherapy-based treatments for cutaneous malignancies were included. The studies were reviewed and analyzed based on their reported clinical outcomes, including survival rates, adverse events, and quality of life metrics. Results: Our review identified significant advancements in immunotherapeutic strategies for cutaneous oncology. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, demonstrated improved overall survival rates, particularly in melanoma patients. In addition, adoptive cell therapies, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies, showed promise in managing both cutaneous SCC and BCC, with reported reductions in tumor burden and durable responses. Emerging immunotherapies, such as cancer vaccines and oncolytic viruses, are in early clinical trials but exhibit potential in enhancing antitumor immunity and expanding treatment options. Conclusions: Immunotherapeutic strategies represent a critical advancement in the management of cutaneous malignancies, offering improved outcomes compared to traditional therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies are already reshaping clinical practice, while emerging immunotherapies provide exciting avenues for future research. These therapies not only enhance survival rates but also reduce systemic toxicities, representing a transformative approach to treating skin cancer. Further research and clinical trials are needed to refine these strategies and expand their applicability to a broader patient population.
文摘锂电池健康状态(state of health,SOH)的在线估计是锂电池管理系统中必不可少的一部分。大部分基于数据驱动的锂电池SOH估计方法由于计算量较大,难以在锂电池管理系统微控制器中在线使用。因此,文中提出基于新型健康特征的锂电池SOH快速估计方法。首先,分析锂电池的充电数据,基于已有的锂电池恒流充电过程的等压升时间(time interval of an equal charging voltage difference,TIECVD)健康特征,构建一个同充电电压起点、同充电时间间隔的健康特征。其次,文中提出基于新型健康特征和多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)的锂电池SOH快速估计方法。然后,通过对牛津锂电池老化数据集和美国国家航空航天局锂电池随机使用数据集进行分析,以0.01 V步长遍历恒流充电电压区间,以皮尔逊相关系数最大为目标,确定锂电池最优的起始电压。最后,考虑不同充电时间间隔,利用最小二乘(ordinary least squares,OLS)回归分析方法,确定锂电池最优充电时间间隔参数。使用2个数据集划分的训练集建立MLR模型,使用2个数据集划分的验证集对文中方法进行验证。实验结果表明,文中基于新型健康特征方法可极大缩减计算量,并且可以在保障预测精度的前提下实现锂电池SOH的快速估计。
文摘Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease with a mortality rate that has not significantly improved over decades.This is likely due to several challenges unique to pancreatic cancer.Most patients with pancreatic cancer are diagnosed at a late stage of disease due to the lack of specific symptoms prompting an early investigation.A small subset of patients who are diagnosed at an early stage have a better chance at survival with curative surgical resection,but most patients still succumb to the disease in a few years.The dismal overall prognosis is due to suspected micro-metastasis at an early stage.Due to this reason,there is a recent interest in treating all patients with pancreatic cancers with systemic therapy upfront(including the ones that are surgically resectable).This approach is still not the standard of care due to the lack of robust prospective data available.Recent advancements in treatment regimens of chemotherapy,radiation and immunotherapy have improved the overall short-term survival but the long-term survival still remains poor.Novel approaches in diagnosis and treatment have shown promise in clinical studies but long-term clinical data is lacking.The following manuscript presents an overview of the epidemiology,diagnosis,staging,recent advances,novel approaches and controversies in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
