Mathematical teaching and learning of an introductory calculus conception of limit in secondary school before students learn the formal definition of limit in higher education are discussed.In this study,applications ...Mathematical teaching and learning of an introductory calculus conception of limit in secondary school before students learn the formal definition of limit in higher education are discussed.In this study,applications of the theory of instruction based on“Formalizing Introductory Notions(FIN)”(Nagle,2013),in which a theory incorporating new pedagogical approaches was introduced to describe static notions of limit,without ignoring dynamic notions of limit,are presented to help foster an informal limit conception better aligned with the formal definition.A qualitative discourse analysis based on students’utterances,including students’drawing pictures on graphs,was done.In the results of the investigation,it was found that the students’utterances drawings on a graph of the secants(segments)used static notions of limit supported by dynamic notions of limit according to the operating activities.There were learning activities in which students developed a notion of limit as the proximity of the predicted tangent line of a function.Consequently,students’discussions changed focus to the validation of limit candidates with static notions of limit.To overcome the contradiction of their explanations of the operating activities with dynamic notions of limit,the students changed to an explanation with static notions of limit.In light of the findings,this study suggests adapting the pedagogical approach used by the Nagle(2013).展开更多
The pursuit of economic efficiency is the major driver for the birth of contemporary Chinese civil law.Contemporary civil law scholarship has demonstrated a serious concern for efficiency from the very beginning.Howev...The pursuit of economic efficiency is the major driver for the birth of contemporary Chinese civil law.Contemporary civil law scholarship has demonstrated a serious concern for efficiency from the very beginning.However,many examples suggest that the notion of economic efficiency is often diluted or replaced by factors like civil law doctrinal scholasticism,moral notions,inertial thinking of the planned economy or the will of the leader.It has not been systematically attended to or expressed in a detailed and precise way in the contemporary civil law scholarship in China,rendering some economic judgments uneconomical.In the 21 st century,it is necessary for the civil law studies to establish a clearer and more precise notion of efficiency,to conduct more direct and accurate evaluations on civil laws’incentives on people’s behaviors and their socio-economic effects,so as to reduce the cost of social interactions and promote deeper cooperation and winwin outcome among individuals.展开更多
Interchange(3rd Ed.) exemplifies a functional-notional syllabus intended to improve learners'language proficiency.Based on functional linguistics theories,the paper focuses on its distinctive features with referen...Interchange(3rd Ed.) exemplifies a functional-notional syllabus intended to improve learners'language proficiency.Based on functional linguistics theories,the paper focuses on its distinctive features with reference to its para-authenticity of input materials,systematically showing the practical use of FNS.展开更多
Chinese town worker endowment insurance system of the combination of The social pooling and individual account worked nearly 20 years, in the process of implementing the system have some problems such as the pressure ...Chinese town worker endowment insurance system of the combination of The social pooling and individual account worked nearly 20 years, in the process of implementing the system have some problems such as the pressure pension payments, large number of outstanding transition costs, unclear property fights and individual account “empty” and so on. Because China＇ s capital market is not mature at the same time, lead to the real personal accounts funds also difficult to achieve their value. To solve this problem, on the basis of analyzing the necessity and feasibility of the nominal account system, summed up the after proper deformation and transformation, the “nominal account” is a transitional system arrangement for an alternative.展开更多
This thesis is intended to give a contrastive study of the notional passive in English and Chinese, not merely analyzing the relationship between notional passive and passive voice, but summarizing the features and st...This thesis is intended to give a contrastive study of the notional passive in English and Chinese, not merely analyzing the relationship between notional passive and passive voice, but summarizing the features and status of the notional passives in English and Chinese, with an aim to cast some light on the main differences between English and Chinese concerning passive, and giving some insights to better understanding and bilingual transference between English and Chinese where the notional passive is involved.展开更多
In the globalized world, sport exchanges and competitions are held extensively all over the world, international championships and the Olympics to name a few. However, there may be cases where purposes or philosophy b...In the globalized world, sport exchanges and competitions are held extensively all over the world, international championships and the Olympics to name a few. However, there may be cases where purposes or philosophy behind sport are not necessarily shared in the world. In Japan, for example, not only sports are connected to physical abilities but also to mental strength or more precisely, konjo （guts or strong-wills）. This kind of mentality and a training method can be traced back to the Meiji Era （1868-1912） when new European sports were brought to Japan. In the 1960s and 70s, it became a fad to read comic books depicting how poor heroes-to-be painstakingly became famous players mastering skills while nurturing their guts. In the previous study, 39 college students out of 46 felt sports can nurture guts or strong wills even today. However, in the 9th FIEP European Congress in Bulgaria, some participants from the Eastern Europe expressed that this kind of Oriental notion was hard to grasp because it is so different from theirs. In this paper, we will show the results of a questionnaire, administered to 83 International students in Japan, investigating whether this notion of ＂Using Sports to Nurture Guts＂ is shared among them. Also, in the following study, we asked 23 non-Asian participants the same question via SNS and their answers will be shown qualitatively. Finally, we will suggest a new role of sports in this globalized world.展开更多
Classical Physics is a branch of Physics that should be described by classical notions, which define emergent phenomena. An Emergent Phenomenon is a property that is a result of simple interactions that work cooperati...Classical Physics is a branch of Physics that should be described by classical notions, which define emergent phenomena. An Emergent Phenomenon is a property that is a result of simple interactions that work cooperatively to create a more complex interaction. Physically, simple interactions occur at a microscopic level, and the collective result can be observed at a macroscopic level. The developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) introduces classical notions, when the very first ensemble of particles was created at the cosmological time π<sub>M</sub> ≅ 10<sup>-18</sup> and become possible to introduce the notion “Medium of the World”. We emphasize that Classical Physics is principally different from Quantum Physics that describes quantum objects, which have four-momenta only. Classical Physics is dealing with ensembles of quantum objects! The present paper discusses the Basic Notions of Classical Physics considering a principally different cosmological model WUM, which is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift for Cosmology. WUM is a natural continuation of Classical Physics, and it can already serve as a basis for a New Cosmology proposed by Paul Dirac in 1937.展开更多
Notional-functional syllabus is considered as the most popular syllabus among all the structure not simply because it is a semantically based syllabus. It takes the"notion"and"function"as the organ...Notional-functional syllabus is considered as the most popular syllabus among all the structure not simply because it is a semantically based syllabus. It takes the"notion"and"function"as the organizing principles. Organizing principles of syllabus design cannot solely depend on grammatical categories; it should take communicative considerations into account as well.Only by examining its pros and cons comprehensively, can we maximize its utility in our language classes.展开更多
According to logical relation,a complete English sentence is usually made up by two major parts that are the subject and the predicate,and the subject and the predicate formally have one kind of corresponding relation...According to logical relation,a complete English sentence is usually made up by two major parts that are the subject and the predicate,and the subject and the predicate formally have one kind of corresponding relations in the syntactic constitution.The relation is also called the number concord.Generally speaking,the principle of subject and predicate concord mainly obeys three principles.Here we mainly have a discuss on the principle of Notional Concord.展开更多
INTRODUCTION“I apologize.Despite your research contains some valuable information,it does not contribute sufficient novelty to be considered as publishable in this journal”—from a response letter received by the au...INTRODUCTION“I apologize.Despite your research contains some valuable information,it does not contribute sufficient novelty to be considered as publishable in this journal”—from a response letter received by the author after the straightforward rejection of a manuscript dealing with conservation dimensions.In today’s scientific world,there is a heightened emphasis on pursuing“novel”research,which places a constant and pressing demand on researchers.The term“novelty,”often lacking a clear definition,is frequently equated with the quality of research excellence(Cohen 2017).展开更多
Species boundaries are dynamic and constantly challenged by gene flow.Understanding the strategies different lineages adopt to maintain ecological and genetic distinctiveness requires employing an integrative species ...Species boundaries are dynamic and constantly challenged by gene flow.Understanding the strategies different lineages adopt to maintain ecological and genetic distinctiveness requires employing an integrative species concept that incorporates data from a variety of sources.In this study,we incorporated genetic,ecological,and environmental evidence to assess the extent of speciation or evolutionary divergence within a monophyletic yet dimorphic group(i.e.,clade Leucolirion consisting of six species)within the genus Lilium.This clade consists of two lineages that exhibit unexpectedly distinct perianth appearances:whitish trumpet(funnel form,encompassing four species)and orange recurved(reflex form,including two species),respectively,which are separated by completely different pollination syndromes.Transcriptome-based nuclear and plastome datasets indicate that these two lineages are isolated,with only weak ancient gene flow between them.Within each lineage,several taxa with incomplete isolation have diverged,as indicated by weak genetic structure,strong gene flow,and conflicts between nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies,especially in the trumpet lineage.Although these taxa are not entirely independent,our evidence indicates that they are diverging,with recent gene flow disappearing and multiple isolation strategies emerging,such as differences in flowering time and niche specialization.Taken together,our findings suggest that species divergence and maintenance in Lilium are driven by a combination of adaptive and non-adaptive processes,highlighting the complex interplay of historical climate changes,ecological adaptation,and gene flow in shaping biodiversity within this genus.展开更多
Editor's note: Of late, some scholars at home and abroad have presented or played up the notion that China is about to collapse, arousing a good deal of reaction and concern internationally. Chinese scholars and e...Editor's note: Of late, some scholars at home and abroad have presented or played up the notion that China is about to collapse, arousing a good deal of reaction and concern internationally. Chinese scholars and economists have responded to the notion from different angles. Printed here below are the views of Dr. Fan Gang. It is hoped that more people of insight would join the discussion.展开更多
文摘Mathematical teaching and learning of an introductory calculus conception of limit in secondary school before students learn the formal definition of limit in higher education are discussed.In this study,applications of the theory of instruction based on“Formalizing Introductory Notions(FIN)”(Nagle,2013),in which a theory incorporating new pedagogical approaches was introduced to describe static notions of limit,without ignoring dynamic notions of limit,are presented to help foster an informal limit conception better aligned with the formal definition.A qualitative discourse analysis based on students’utterances,including students’drawing pictures on graphs,was done.In the results of the investigation,it was found that the students’utterances drawings on a graph of the secants(segments)used static notions of limit supported by dynamic notions of limit according to the operating activities.There were learning activities in which students developed a notion of limit as the proximity of the predicted tangent line of a function.Consequently,students’discussions changed focus to the validation of limit candidates with static notions of limit.To overcome the contradiction of their explanations of the operating activities with dynamic notions of limit,the students changed to an explanation with static notions of limit.In light of the findings,this study suggests adapting the pedagogical approach used by the Nagle(2013).
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China,“The Research on the Philosophical and Economic Basis of Chinese Private Law”(14CFX006)
文摘The pursuit of economic efficiency is the major driver for the birth of contemporary Chinese civil law.Contemporary civil law scholarship has demonstrated a serious concern for efficiency from the very beginning.However,many examples suggest that the notion of economic efficiency is often diluted or replaced by factors like civil law doctrinal scholasticism,moral notions,inertial thinking of the planned economy or the will of the leader.It has not been systematically attended to or expressed in a detailed and precise way in the contemporary civil law scholarship in China,rendering some economic judgments uneconomical.In the 21 st century,it is necessary for the civil law studies to establish a clearer and more precise notion of efficiency,to conduct more direct and accurate evaluations on civil laws’incentives on people’s behaviors and their socio-economic effects,so as to reduce the cost of social interactions and promote deeper cooperation and winwin outcome among individuals.
文摘Interchange(3rd Ed.) exemplifies a functional-notional syllabus intended to improve learners'language proficiency.Based on functional linguistics theories,the paper focuses on its distinctive features with reference to its para-authenticity of input materials,systematically showing the practical use of FNS.
文摘Chinese town worker endowment insurance system of the combination of The social pooling and individual account worked nearly 20 years, in the process of implementing the system have some problems such as the pressure pension payments, large number of outstanding transition costs, unclear property fights and individual account “empty” and so on. Because China＇ s capital market is not mature at the same time, lead to the real personal accounts funds also difficult to achieve their value. To solve this problem, on the basis of analyzing the necessity and feasibility of the nominal account system, summed up the after proper deformation and transformation, the “nominal account” is a transitional system arrangement for an alternative.
文摘This thesis is intended to give a contrastive study of the notional passive in English and Chinese, not merely analyzing the relationship between notional passive and passive voice, but summarizing the features and status of the notional passives in English and Chinese, with an aim to cast some light on the main differences between English and Chinese concerning passive, and giving some insights to better understanding and bilingual transference between English and Chinese where the notional passive is involved.
文摘In the globalized world, sport exchanges and competitions are held extensively all over the world, international championships and the Olympics to name a few. However, there may be cases where purposes or philosophy behind sport are not necessarily shared in the world. In Japan, for example, not only sports are connected to physical abilities but also to mental strength or more precisely, konjo （guts or strong-wills）. This kind of mentality and a training method can be traced back to the Meiji Era （1868-1912） when new European sports were brought to Japan. In the 1960s and 70s, it became a fad to read comic books depicting how poor heroes-to-be painstakingly became famous players mastering skills while nurturing their guts. In the previous study, 39 college students out of 46 felt sports can nurture guts or strong wills even today. However, in the 9th FIEP European Congress in Bulgaria, some participants from the Eastern Europe expressed that this kind of Oriental notion was hard to grasp because it is so different from theirs. In this paper, we will show the results of a questionnaire, administered to 83 International students in Japan, investigating whether this notion of ＂Using Sports to Nurture Guts＂ is shared among them. Also, in the following study, we asked 23 non-Asian participants the same question via SNS and their answers will be shown qualitatively. Finally, we will suggest a new role of sports in this globalized world.
文摘Classical Physics is a branch of Physics that should be described by classical notions, which define emergent phenomena. An Emergent Phenomenon is a property that is a result of simple interactions that work cooperatively to create a more complex interaction. Physically, simple interactions occur at a microscopic level, and the collective result can be observed at a macroscopic level. The developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) introduces classical notions, when the very first ensemble of particles was created at the cosmological time π<sub>M</sub> ≅ 10<sup>-18</sup> and become possible to introduce the notion “Medium of the World”. We emphasize that Classical Physics is principally different from Quantum Physics that describes quantum objects, which have four-momenta only. Classical Physics is dealing with ensembles of quantum objects! The present paper discusses the Basic Notions of Classical Physics considering a principally different cosmological model WUM, which is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift for Cosmology. WUM is a natural continuation of Classical Physics, and it can already serve as a basis for a New Cosmology proposed by Paul Dirac in 1937.
文摘Notional-functional syllabus is considered as the most popular syllabus among all the structure not simply because it is a semantically based syllabus. It takes the"notion"and"function"as the organizing principles. Organizing principles of syllabus design cannot solely depend on grammatical categories; it should take communicative considerations into account as well.Only by examining its pros and cons comprehensively, can we maximize its utility in our language classes.
文摘According to logical relation,a complete English sentence is usually made up by two major parts that are the subject and the predicate,and the subject and the predicate formally have one kind of corresponding relations in the syntactic constitution.The relation is also called the number concord.Generally speaking,the principle of subject and predicate concord mainly obeys three principles.Here we mainly have a discuss on the principle of Notional Concord.
文摘INTRODUCTION“I apologize.Despite your research contains some valuable information,it does not contribute sufficient novelty to be considered as publishable in this journal”—from a response letter received by the author after the straightforward rejection of a manuscript dealing with conservation dimensions.In today’s scientific world,there is a heightened emphasis on pursuing“novel”research,which places a constant and pressing demand on researchers.The term“novelty,”often lacking a clear definition,is frequently equated with the quality of research excellence(Cohen 2017).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant Nos.32171605,31770406)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2023NSFSC0141)to Y.D.Gao.
文摘Species boundaries are dynamic and constantly challenged by gene flow.Understanding the strategies different lineages adopt to maintain ecological and genetic distinctiveness requires employing an integrative species concept that incorporates data from a variety of sources.In this study,we incorporated genetic,ecological,and environmental evidence to assess the extent of speciation or evolutionary divergence within a monophyletic yet dimorphic group(i.e.,clade Leucolirion consisting of six species)within the genus Lilium.This clade consists of two lineages that exhibit unexpectedly distinct perianth appearances:whitish trumpet(funnel form,encompassing four species)and orange recurved(reflex form,including two species),respectively,which are separated by completely different pollination syndromes.Transcriptome-based nuclear and plastome datasets indicate that these two lineages are isolated,with only weak ancient gene flow between them.Within each lineage,several taxa with incomplete isolation have diverged,as indicated by weak genetic structure,strong gene flow,and conflicts between nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies,especially in the trumpet lineage.Although these taxa are not entirely independent,our evidence indicates that they are diverging,with recent gene flow disappearing and multiple isolation strategies emerging,such as differences in flowering time and niche specialization.Taken together,our findings suggest that species divergence and maintenance in Lilium are driven by a combination of adaptive and non-adaptive processes,highlighting the complex interplay of historical climate changes,ecological adaptation,and gene flow in shaping biodiversity within this genus.
文摘Editor's note: Of late, some scholars at home and abroad have presented or played up the notion that China is about to collapse, arousing a good deal of reaction and concern internationally. Chinese scholars and economists have responded to the notion from different angles. Printed here below are the views of Dr. Fan Gang. It is hoped that more people of insight would join the discussion.
