Accuracy allocation is crucial in the accuracy design of machining tools.Current accuracy allocation methods primarily focus on positional deviation,with little consideration for tool direction deviation.To address th...Accuracy allocation is crucial in the accuracy design of machining tools.Current accuracy allocation methods primarily focus on positional deviation,with little consideration for tool direction deviation.To address this issue,we propose a geometric error cost sensitivity-based accuracy allocation method for five-axis machine tools.A geometric error model consisting of 4l error components is constructed based on homogeneous transformation matrices.Volumetric points with positional and tool direction deviations are randomly sampled to evaluate the accuracy of the machine tool.The sensitivity of each error component at these sampling points is analyzed using the Sobol method.To balance the needs of geometric precision and manufacturing cost,a geometric error cost sensitivity function is developed to estimate the required cost.By allocating error components affecting tool direction deviation first and the remaining components second,this allocation scheme ensures that both deviations meet the requirements.We also perform numerical simulation of a BC-type(B-axis and C-axis type)five-axis machine tool to validate the method.The results show that the new allocation scheme reduces the total geometric error cost by 27.8%compared to a uniform allocation scheme,and yields the same positional and tool direction machining accuracies.展开更多
Global framework for nature management requires identifying areas of high priority for biodiversity conservation and restoration.The unique environments of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP) provide irreplaceable habitats fo...Global framework for nature management requires identifying areas of high priority for biodiversity conservation and restoration.The unique environments of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP) provide irreplaceable habitats for biodiversity which is prominent under future climate change.Despite the recent increase in research interest on conservation priorities,there is a lack of comprehensive and targeted protection strategies for pandemic species under climate change.Here,we compiled an exhaustive dataset with the variables of extinction risk and occurrence records of ectothermic lizards to investigate the conservation priorities in the QXP.We assessed the conservation status of the QXP lizards and identified the priority protected areas within the QXP under future climate scenarios using phylogenetic generalized least squares and ensemble species distribution models.Our analyses suggested nine lizard species to be prioritized for protection,with the most critical priority species being Dopasia gracilis,D.harti,and Phrynocephalus putjatai.Moreover,the priority protected areas covered~4.7%area of the QXP,mostly in the southern QXP and southeastern Hengduan Mountains.Protecting these regions would achieve a conservation effectiveness of≥95%for species richness,phylogenetic and functionaldiversity under climate change.Our findings provide realistic guidance for improving the conservation effectiveness of specific-lizard and-regions in the QXP under climate change.Our“bottom-up”approach could help the conservation efforts of other regions and species as an alternative to“top-down”global maps.展开更多
Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between e...Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between ecological integrity and socio-economic development essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.However,a comprehensive understanding of priority areas from a multi-dimensional perspective is lacking,hindering effective conservation and development strategies.To address this,we developed a comprehensive assessment framework with a tailored indicator system,enabling a spatial evaluation of CA’s priority areas by integrating biodiversity,ecosystem services(ESs),and human activities.Combining zonation and geographical detectors,this approach facilitates spatial prioritization and examines ecological and socio-economic heterogeneity.Our findings reveal a heterogeneous distribution of priority areas across CA,with significant concentrations in eastern mountainous regions,river valleys,and oasis agricultural lands.We identified 184 key districts crucial for ecological and societal sustainability.Attribution analysis shows that natural factors like soil types,precipitation,and evapotranspiration significantly shape these areas,influencing human activities and the distribution of biodiversity and ESs.Multi-dimensional analysis indicates existing protected areas cover only 15%of the top 30%priority areas,revealing substantial conservation gaps.Additionally,a 38%overlap between ESs and human activities,along with 63.25%congruence in integrated areas,underscores significant human impacts on ecological systems and their dependency on ESs.Given CA’s limited resources,it is crucial to implement measures that strengthen conservation efforts,align ecological preservation with socio-economic demands,and enhance resource efficiency through sustainable integrated land and water resource management.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has left an indelible mark on global mental health,with widespread psychological consequences that persist beyond the acute phase of the virus.This review synthesizes current evid...The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has left an indelible mark on global mental health,with widespread psychological consequences that persist beyond the acute phase of the virus.This review synthesizes current evidence on the postpandemic mental health burden across diverse populations,highlighting elevated rates of depression,anxiety,posttraumatic stress,and substance use disorders linked to prolonged social isolation,economic instability,and grief.We examine disparities in psychological outcomes among vulnerable groups(e.g.,healthcare workers,survivors,marginalized communities)and identify key challenges in addressing these issues,including fragmented healthcare systems,stigma,and the limited scalability of interventions.Emerging evidence on resilience factors(e.g.,social support and adaptive coping)is also discussed.Finally,we propose critical priorities for future research,including longitudinal studies on the chronic mental health effects,the development of culturally tailored interventions,and the integration of digital mental health solutions.This review distinctively addresses enduring post-pandemic mental health challenges,integrating neurobiological insights,equity-focused interventions,and critical perspectives on digital solutions,gaps underrepresented in prior syntheses.By charting a roadmap for multidisciplinary collaboration,this review aims to inform policymakers and researchers in mitigating the long-term psychological aftermath of the pandemic.展开更多
Vegetation restoration is a critical strategy for mitigating debris flow hazards by stabilizing slopes and modifying hydrological processes.Effective planning of priority restoration areas is particularly essential in...Vegetation restoration is a critical strategy for mitigating debris flow hazards by stabilizing slopes and modifying hydrological processes.Effective planning of priority restoration areas is particularly essential in dry-hot valley regions,where extreme hydrothermal conditions pose significant challenges.This study presents a novel framework that integrates microclimatic variables,such as temperature lapse rates,to enhance the spatial precision of revegetation efforts.The Reshuihe watershed in Southwest China,a representative dry-hot valley,was chosen as the study area.By analyzing hourly temperature and rainfall across an elevation gradient,a quadratic relationship between temperature lapse rates and weak rainfall events was identified,underscoring the role of microclimatic processes in influencing rainfall distribution and plant-available water.Rainfall peaks were observed when the temperature lapse rate was approximately 4.5°C/km.This relationship was incorporated into a cost-based restoration framework using the Marxan model,optimizing the spatial allocation of priority areas for revegetation.Results demonstrated that integrating microclimatic variables significantly improved the effectiveness of revegetation strategies,particularly for reducing debris flow risks.The lowest restoration costs were observed between elevations of 3200 m and 3300 m,where strong correlations between temperature lapse rates and rainfall were recorded.Priority restoration areas covered 41 km^(2),targeting zones with high debris flow risks.These findings highlight the value of incorporating microclimatic data into revegetation planning,enabling cost-effective and ecologically sustainable hazard mitigation in regions vulnerable to hydrological hazards.展开更多
Ecological restoration is considered an important way to mitigate ecosystem degradation and improve regional nature’s contributions to people(NCPs).Ecological planning is a prerequisite for ecological restoration and...Ecological restoration is considered an important way to mitigate ecosystem degradation and improve regional nature’s contributions to people(NCPs).Ecological planning is a prerequisite for ecological restoration and the prevention of future ecological risks.However,few studies have focused on integrating ecological plans within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs).In this study,taking the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau(QXP)as a case,we assessed ecological restoration priorities based on NCPs under various SDGs and SSP scenarios.Specifically,the land use demand was predicted using system dynamics(SD)and cellular automata(CA)models between 2030 and 2060 under SDG-SSP scenarios.In addition,habitat maintenance(NCP1),climate regulation(NCP4),and water quantity regulation(NCP6)were assessed based on the predicted land use.Finally,priority areas for ecological restoration were identified using a zonation model.The results indicated that the grassland,forest,and cultivated areas will increase in the SDGs and SSPs scenarios,respectively.The high-value NCP areas are mainly located in the southeast part of the QXP,accounting for 45.16%of the study area.In addition,the ecological restoration area involves grassland,cultivated and bare land.In the single-objective scenario,NCP1,NCP4,and NCP6 can be improved by 30.29%,28.75%and 25.63%,respectively,through the restoration of 15.33%of the priority areas identified in 2015.When shifting to a multi-objective cooperative optimum,NCP1,NCP4 and NCP6 can be improved 35.79%by restoring 54.96%of the priority areas.This study provides insight into how SDGs and SSPs can contribute to ecological restoration for mitigating ecosystem degradation under SDG-SSP scenarios.展开更多
The tropical timber trade faces significant sustainability challenges,including deforestation,illegal logging,and inadequate traceability.Inaccurate species identification further complicates these issues,leading to u...The tropical timber trade faces significant sustainability challenges,including deforestation,illegal logging,and inadequate traceability.Inaccurate species identification further complicates these issues,leading to unreliable trade statistics and enforcement challenges.The Lacey Act Amendment(LAA)of 2008 mandated declaring scientific names for timber shipments entering the United States.Therefore,this study assessed the implementation of the LAA using data obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request to the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for 4 tropical timber species including Keruing,Meranti,Acajou d’Afrique,and Mahogany from Indonesia,Malaysia,Brazil,Philippines,Cameroon,Ghana,Congo,Cote d’Ivoire,and Bolivia,with high rates of illegal logging.This study showed that the United States imported 49 species of Keruing species group,126 species of Meranti species group,6 species of Acajou d’Afrique species group,and 2 species of Mahogany species group during 2017-2023.Despite mandatory declarations,approximately 14.60%of timber import records lacked species-specific names.Conservation assessments identified 37 species of Keruing species group and 68 species of Meranti species group listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)but absent from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES).Moreover,the principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the first principal component was primarily driven by import value and import volume,reflecting the overall trade prominence,while the second principal component captured temporal pattern through import year.Further,this study developed a Trade-Adjusted Conservation Priority Index(TACPI)that integrated conservation status with trade prominence to prioritize species at risk.Species with high TACPI scores,such as Dipterocarpus coriaceus and Shorea balangeran,were identified as urgently needing regulatory focus.To strengthen sustainable trade and conservation,it is recommended to enforce the LAA more strictly,expand timber identification technologies,and mandate key supplier countries,who are the CITES’signatories,to list high-risk species in the CITES appendices.展开更多
We investigate the decision-making problem with a finite set of alternatives,in which the decision information takes the form of a fuzzy preference relation. We develop asimple and practical approach to obtaining the ...We investigate the decision-making problem with a finite set of alternatives,in which the decision information takes the form of a fuzzy preference relation. We develop asimple and practical approach to obtaining the priority vector of a fuzzy preference relation. Theprominent characteristic of the developed approach is that the priority vector can generally beobtained by a simple formula, which is derived from a quadratic programming model. We utilize theconsistency ratio to check the consistency of fuzzy preference relation. If the fuzzy preferencerelation is of unacceptable consistency, then we can return it to the decision maker to reconsiderstructuring a new fuzzy preference relation until the fuzzy preference relation with acceptableconsistency is obtained. We finally illustrate the priority approach by two numerical examples. Thenumerical results show that the developed approach is straightforward, effective, and can easily beperformed on a computer.展开更多
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2023C01166 and 2024SJCZX0046)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LDT23E05013E05 and LD24E050009)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(No.2021J150),China.
文摘Accuracy allocation is crucial in the accuracy design of machining tools.Current accuracy allocation methods primarily focus on positional deviation,with little consideration for tool direction deviation.To address this issue,we propose a geometric error cost sensitivity-based accuracy allocation method for five-axis machine tools.A geometric error model consisting of 4l error components is constructed based on homogeneous transformation matrices.Volumetric points with positional and tool direction deviations are randomly sampled to evaluate the accuracy of the machine tool.The sensitivity of each error component at these sampling points is analyzed using the Sobol method.To balance the needs of geometric precision and manufacturing cost,a geometric error cost sensitivity function is developed to estimate the required cost.By allocating error components affecting tool direction deviation first and the remaining components second,this allocation scheme ensures that both deviations meet the requirements.We also perform numerical simulation of a BC-type(B-axis and C-axis type)five-axis machine tool to validate the method.The results show that the new allocation scheme reduces the total geometric error cost by 27.8%compared to a uniform allocation scheme,and yields the same positional and tool direction machining accuracies.
基金supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31861143023,31872250 and 31872252)。
文摘Global framework for nature management requires identifying areas of high priority for biodiversity conservation and restoration.The unique environments of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP) provide irreplaceable habitats for biodiversity which is prominent under future climate change.Despite the recent increase in research interest on conservation priorities,there is a lack of comprehensive and targeted protection strategies for pandemic species under climate change.Here,we compiled an exhaustive dataset with the variables of extinction risk and occurrence records of ectothermic lizards to investigate the conservation priorities in the QXP.We assessed the conservation status of the QXP lizards and identified the priority protected areas within the QXP under future climate scenarios using phylogenetic generalized least squares and ensemble species distribution models.Our analyses suggested nine lizard species to be prioritized for protection,with the most critical priority species being Dopasia gracilis,D.harti,and Phrynocephalus putjatai.Moreover,the priority protected areas covered~4.7%area of the QXP,mostly in the southern QXP and southeastern Hengduan Mountains.Protecting these regions would achieve a conservation effectiveness of≥95%for species richness,phylogenetic and functionaldiversity under climate change.Our findings provide realistic guidance for improving the conservation effectiveness of specific-lizard and-regions in the QXP under climate change.Our“bottom-up”approach could help the conservation efforts of other regions and species as an alternative to“top-down”global maps.
基金funded by the Joint CAS-MPG Research Project(HZXM20225001MI)this research was also supported partly by the key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230708)the Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2022TSYCLJ0056).
文摘Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between ecological integrity and socio-economic development essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.However,a comprehensive understanding of priority areas from a multi-dimensional perspective is lacking,hindering effective conservation and development strategies.To address this,we developed a comprehensive assessment framework with a tailored indicator system,enabling a spatial evaluation of CA’s priority areas by integrating biodiversity,ecosystem services(ESs),and human activities.Combining zonation and geographical detectors,this approach facilitates spatial prioritization and examines ecological and socio-economic heterogeneity.Our findings reveal a heterogeneous distribution of priority areas across CA,with significant concentrations in eastern mountainous regions,river valleys,and oasis agricultural lands.We identified 184 key districts crucial for ecological and societal sustainability.Attribution analysis shows that natural factors like soil types,precipitation,and evapotranspiration significantly shape these areas,influencing human activities and the distribution of biodiversity and ESs.Multi-dimensional analysis indicates existing protected areas cover only 15%of the top 30%priority areas,revealing substantial conservation gaps.Additionally,a 38%overlap between ESs and human activities,along with 63.25%congruence in integrated areas,underscores significant human impacts on ecological systems and their dependency on ESs.Given CA’s limited resources,it is crucial to implement measures that strengthen conservation efforts,align ecological preservation with socio-economic demands,and enhance resource efficiency through sustainable integrated land and water resource management.
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has left an indelible mark on global mental health,with widespread psychological consequences that persist beyond the acute phase of the virus.This review synthesizes current evidence on the postpandemic mental health burden across diverse populations,highlighting elevated rates of depression,anxiety,posttraumatic stress,and substance use disorders linked to prolonged social isolation,economic instability,and grief.We examine disparities in psychological outcomes among vulnerable groups(e.g.,healthcare workers,survivors,marginalized communities)and identify key challenges in addressing these issues,including fragmented healthcare systems,stigma,and the limited scalability of interventions.Emerging evidence on resilience factors(e.g.,social support and adaptive coping)is also discussed.Finally,we propose critical priorities for future research,including longitudinal studies on the chronic mental health effects,the development of culturally tailored interventions,and the integration of digital mental health solutions.This review distinctively addresses enduring post-pandemic mental health challenges,integrating neurobiological insights,equity-focused interventions,and critical perspectives on digital solutions,gaps underrepresented in prior syntheses.By charting a roadmap for multidisciplinary collaboration,this review aims to inform policymakers and researchers in mitigating the long-term psychological aftermath of the pandemic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for General Program(42171118)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(41925030)the Special Funding Projects of Talents of Yunnan Province(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-099).
文摘Vegetation restoration is a critical strategy for mitigating debris flow hazards by stabilizing slopes and modifying hydrological processes.Effective planning of priority restoration areas is particularly essential in dry-hot valley regions,where extreme hydrothermal conditions pose significant challenges.This study presents a novel framework that integrates microclimatic variables,such as temperature lapse rates,to enhance the spatial precision of revegetation efforts.The Reshuihe watershed in Southwest China,a representative dry-hot valley,was chosen as the study area.By analyzing hourly temperature and rainfall across an elevation gradient,a quadratic relationship between temperature lapse rates and weak rainfall events was identified,underscoring the role of microclimatic processes in influencing rainfall distribution and plant-available water.Rainfall peaks were observed when the temperature lapse rate was approximately 4.5°C/km.This relationship was incorporated into a cost-based restoration framework using the Marxan model,optimizing the spatial allocation of priority areas for revegetation.Results demonstrated that integrating microclimatic variables significantly improved the effectiveness of revegetation strategies,particularly for reducing debris flow risks.The lowest restoration costs were observed between elevations of 3200 m and 3300 m,where strong correlations between temperature lapse rates and rainfall were recorded.Priority restoration areas covered 41 km^(2),targeting zones with high debris flow risks.These findings highlight the value of incorporating microclimatic data into revegetation planning,enabling cost-effective and ecologically sustainable hazard mitigation in regions vulnerable to hydrological hazards.
基金supported by the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(Grant No.2019QZKK0405)the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2022YFF1303204)of the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.42271097).
文摘Ecological restoration is considered an important way to mitigate ecosystem degradation and improve regional nature’s contributions to people(NCPs).Ecological planning is a prerequisite for ecological restoration and the prevention of future ecological risks.However,few studies have focused on integrating ecological plans within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs).In this study,taking the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau(QXP)as a case,we assessed ecological restoration priorities based on NCPs under various SDGs and SSP scenarios.Specifically,the land use demand was predicted using system dynamics(SD)and cellular automata(CA)models between 2030 and 2060 under SDG-SSP scenarios.In addition,habitat maintenance(NCP1),climate regulation(NCP4),and water quantity regulation(NCP6)were assessed based on the predicted land use.Finally,priority areas for ecological restoration were identified using a zonation model.The results indicated that the grassland,forest,and cultivated areas will increase in the SDGs and SSPs scenarios,respectively.The high-value NCP areas are mainly located in the southeast part of the QXP,accounting for 45.16%of the study area.In addition,the ecological restoration area involves grassland,cultivated and bare land.In the single-objective scenario,NCP1,NCP4,and NCP6 can be improved by 30.29%,28.75%and 25.63%,respectively,through the restoration of 15.33%of the priority areas identified in 2015.When shifting to a multi-objective cooperative optimum,NCP1,NCP4 and NCP6 can be improved 35.79%by restoring 54.96%of the priority areas.This study provides insight into how SDGs and SSPs can contribute to ecological restoration for mitigating ecosystem degradation under SDG-SSP scenarios.
基金United States Endowment for Forestry and Communities in coordination with the Northern Forest Center for partial funding(No.91093)of the project.
文摘The tropical timber trade faces significant sustainability challenges,including deforestation,illegal logging,and inadequate traceability.Inaccurate species identification further complicates these issues,leading to unreliable trade statistics and enforcement challenges.The Lacey Act Amendment(LAA)of 2008 mandated declaring scientific names for timber shipments entering the United States.Therefore,this study assessed the implementation of the LAA using data obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request to the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for 4 tropical timber species including Keruing,Meranti,Acajou d’Afrique,and Mahogany from Indonesia,Malaysia,Brazil,Philippines,Cameroon,Ghana,Congo,Cote d’Ivoire,and Bolivia,with high rates of illegal logging.This study showed that the United States imported 49 species of Keruing species group,126 species of Meranti species group,6 species of Acajou d’Afrique species group,and 2 species of Mahogany species group during 2017-2023.Despite mandatory declarations,approximately 14.60%of timber import records lacked species-specific names.Conservation assessments identified 37 species of Keruing species group and 68 species of Meranti species group listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)but absent from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES).Moreover,the principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the first principal component was primarily driven by import value and import volume,reflecting the overall trade prominence,while the second principal component captured temporal pattern through import year.Further,this study developed a Trade-Adjusted Conservation Priority Index(TACPI)that integrated conservation status with trade prominence to prioritize species at risk.Species with high TACPI scores,such as Dipterocarpus coriaceus and Shorea balangeran,were identified as urgently needing regulatory focus.To strengthen sustainable trade and conservation,it is recommended to enforce the LAA more strictly,expand timber identification technologies,and mandate key supplier countries,who are the CITES’signatories,to list high-risk species in the CITES appendices.
文摘We investigate the decision-making problem with a finite set of alternatives,in which the decision information takes the form of a fuzzy preference relation. We develop asimple and practical approach to obtaining the priority vector of a fuzzy preference relation. Theprominent characteristic of the developed approach is that the priority vector can generally beobtained by a simple formula, which is derived from a quadratic programming model. We utilize theconsistency ratio to check the consistency of fuzzy preference relation. If the fuzzy preferencerelation is of unacceptable consistency, then we can return it to the decision maker to reconsiderstructuring a new fuzzy preference relation until the fuzzy preference relation with acceptableconsistency is obtained. We finally illustrate the priority approach by two numerical examples. Thenumerical results show that the developed approach is straightforward, effective, and can easily beperformed on a computer.
