A credit-linked note(CLN)is a note paying an enhanced coupon to investors for bearing the credit risk of a reference entity.In this paper,we study the counterparty risk on CLNs under a Markov chain framework,and intro...A credit-linked note(CLN)is a note paying an enhanced coupon to investors for bearing the credit risk of a reference entity.In this paper,we study the counterparty risk on CLNs under a Markov chain framework,and introduce a Markov copula model to describe joint defaults between the reference entity underlying the CLN and CLN issuer.Assuming that the respective default intensities are directly and inversely proportional to the interest rate,which follows a CIR process,we obtain the explicit formulae for CLN values through a PDE approach.Finally,credit valuation adjustment(CVA)formula is derived to price counterparty credit risk.展开更多
The retraction note addresses allegations concerning the published article titled“Efficacy and safety analysis of transarterial chemoembolization and transarterial radioembolization in advanced hepatocellular carcino...The retraction note addresses allegations concerning the published article titled“Efficacy and safety analysis of transarterial chemoembolization and transarterial radioembolization in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma descending hepatec-tomy”.World J Gastrointest Surg 2023;15:687-697.To preserve academic integrity and avoid misleading the readers,the authors agreed to retract the article,due to significant concerns regarding the reliability of the transarterial radioembolization data obtained by exploratory,non-standardized interventional procedures and ethical compliance in this study,which severely damaged the conclusion in this study.The authors sincerely apologize to the readers,reviewers and editors for these errors and for any inconvenience caused by this retraction.展开更多
Credit risk assessment is a crucial task in bank risk management.By making lending decisions based on credit risk assessment results,banks can reduce the probability of non-performing loans.However,class imbalance in ...Credit risk assessment is a crucial task in bank risk management.By making lending decisions based on credit risk assessment results,banks can reduce the probability of non-performing loans.However,class imbalance in bank credit default datasets limits the predictive performance of traditional machine learning and deep learning models.To address this issue,this study employs the conditional variational autoencoder-Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty(CVAE-WGAN-gp)model for oversampling,generating samples similar to the original default customer data to enhance model prediction performance.To evaluate the quality of the data generated by the CVAE-WGAN-gp model,we selected several bank loan datasets for experimentation.The experimental results demonstrate that using the CVAE-WGAN-gp model for oversampling can significantly improve the predictive performance in credit risk assessment problems.展开更多
Fluctuations in real estate prices are closely linked to the macro-economy,exerting a profound influence on social investment and consumption levels.As a key source of funding for the real estate market,bank credit si...Fluctuations in real estate prices are closely linked to the macro-economy,exerting a profound influence on social investment and consumption levels.As a key source of funding for the real estate market,bank credit significantly affects housing price changes in major Chinese cities.This paper explores the transmission mechanisms and pathways of bank credit on real estate prices through theoretical analysis and empirical research.It constructs a panel regression model to empirically analyze the relationship between bank credit scale and housing prices in 35 large and medium-sized Chinese cities from 2012 to 2022,assess the impact of credit on housing price fluctuations,and compare differences between first-tier and second-tier cities.Based on these findings,the paper proposes suggestions for regulating housing prices by controlling credit scale,aiming to deepen the understanding of the relationship between bank credit and housing prices and support the stable development of China’s macro-economy and real estate market.展开更多
Reducing the risk of fraud in credit card transactions is crucial for the competitiveness of companies,especially in Latin American countries.This study aims to establish measures for preventing and detecting fraud in...Reducing the risk of fraud in credit card transactions is crucial for the competitiveness of companies,especially in Latin American countries.This study aims to establish measures for preventing and detecting fraud in the use of credit cards in shops through analytical methods(data mining,machine learning and artificial intelligence).To achieve this objective,the study employs a predictive methodology using descriptive and exploratory statistics and frequency,frequency&monetary(RFM)classification techniques,differentiating between SMEs and large businesses via cluster analysis and supervised models.A dataset of 221,292 card records from a Latin American merchant payment gateway for the year 2022 is used.For fraud alerts,the classification model has been selected for small and medium–sized merchants,and the multilayer perceptron(MLP)neural network has been selected for large merchants.Random forest or Gini decision tree models have been selected as backup models for retraining.For the detection of punctual fraud patterns,the K-means and partitioning around medoids(PAM)models have been selected,depending on the type of trade.The results revealed that the application of the identified models would have prevented between 48 and 85%of fraud transactions,depending on the trade size.Despite the promising results,continuous updating is recommended,as fraudsters frequently implement new fraud techniques.展开更多
The rapid development of digital finance is profoundly changing the structure and management mode of bank credit.Through mobile banking,artificial intelligence,big data,cloud computing,and online lending platforms,ban...The rapid development of digital finance is profoundly changing the structure and management mode of bank credit.Through mobile banking,artificial intelligence,big data,cloud computing,and online lending platforms,banks are able to optimize credit services,increase efficiency,and improve access to credit[1].This evolution began in the late 20th century and accelerated after the 2008 global financial crisis.Through automated approval,precise risk assessment,and real-time monitoring,digital finance has improved credit efficiency,reduced costs,promoted financial inclusion,and enabled groups not covered by traditional financial services to gain support.However,the popularity of digital finance has also brought new challenges,such as consumer protection,cybersecurity,and fraud risks,and there is an urgent need to update the regulatory framework to address these issues.Nonetheless,the technological spillover effects of digital finance have promoted bank credit innovation and improved market competitiveness.This paper analyzes the role of digital finance in credit efficiency,cost,risk management,and financial inclusion,and puts forward policy recommendations to deal with potential risks and ensure the stability and sustainable development of the financial system.展开更多
Chinese Journal of Notural Mdicines(CINM,ISSN 2095-6975,original ISSN 1672-3651)was founded in May 2003 and is sponsored by China Pharmaceutical University and Chinese Phar-maccutical Association.The printed version o...Chinese Journal of Notural Mdicines(CINM,ISSN 2095-6975,original ISSN 1672-3651)was founded in May 2003 and is sponsored by China Pharmaceutical University and Chinese Phar-maccutical Association.The printed version of CINM is published monthly by Science Press and is web edition is published by Elsevier.CJNM is devoted to communications among pharmaccutical and medicinal plant scientists who are interested in the advance-ment of the botanical,chemical,and biological sciences related to natural medicines,ineluding traditional Chinese medicines(TCM).展开更多
In 2021,12 fraudulent cases were identified in the Chinese carbon market.As a critical component of this emerging market,China’s carbon-credit scheme in the automotive sector faces several shortcomings,including info...In 2021,12 fraudulent cases were identified in the Chinese carbon market.As a critical component of this emerging market,China’s carbon-credit scheme in the automotive sector faces several shortcomings,including informational opacity and operational inefficiency,which affect market functionality and fairness.This study develops an information system that integrates blockchain technology and the Internet of Things to manage a carbon-credit scheme.Specifically,we attached carbon credits to each vehicle with radio frequency identification electronic tags and a chained data structure to ensure the traceability and reliability of information flow.We use the distributed ledger technology and establish five distinct types of smart contracts for decentralized operations to ensure that all procedures of the Chinese carboncredit scheme are standardized and under public scrutiny.The proposed infrastructure has the potential to significantly enhance the transparency and efficiency of China’s carbon-credit schemes.展开更多
In the past decade,financial institutions have invested significant efforts in the development of accurate analytical credit scoring models.The evidence suggests that even small improvements in the accuracy of existin...In the past decade,financial institutions have invested significant efforts in the development of accurate analytical credit scoring models.The evidence suggests that even small improvements in the accuracy of existing credit-scoring models may optimize profits while effectively managing risk exposure.Despite continuing efforts,the majority of existing credit scoring models still include some judgment-based assumptions that are sometimes supported by the significant findings of previous studies but are not validated using the institution’s internal data.We argue that current studies related to the development of credit scoring models have largely ignored recent developments in statistical methods for sufficient dimension reduction.To contribute to the field of financial innovation,this study proposes a Dimension Reduction Assisted Credit Scoring(DRA-CS)method via distance covariance-based sufficient dimension reduction(DCOV-SDR)in Majorization-Minimization(MM)algorithm.First,in the presence of a large number of variables,the DRA-CS method results in greater dimension reduction and better prediction accuracy than the other methods used for dimension reduction.Second,when the DRA-CS method is employed with logistic regression,it outperforms existing methods based on different variable selection techniques.This study argues that the DRA-CS method should be used by financial institutions as a financial innovation tool to analyze high-dimensional customer datasets and improve the accuracy of existing credit scoring methods.展开更多
Objective To study the construction of market credit supervision systems for pharmaceutical enterprises in Liaoning Province and to provide suggestions for improving the integrity awareness and production activities.M...Objective To study the construction of market credit supervision systems for pharmaceutical enterprises in Liaoning Province and to provide suggestions for improving the integrity awareness and production activities.Methods Based on the market credit supervision experience of National Medical Products Administration and some other provinces,the construction of supervision laws and regulations system for pharmaceutical enterprises in Liaoning Province was investigated from the perspectives of daily supervision and inspection,joint punishment of illegal acts,sampling results,information communication and publicity.Results and Conclusion In recent years,Liaoning Provincial Party Committee and the People’s Government of Liaoning Province has attached great importance to the construction of social credit system by issuing a series of local regulations and local government rules.However,the laws and regulations on the market credit supervision of pharmaceutical enterprises are not perfect,and there is a lack of legal documents such as the credit rating method.Besides,some regulatory documents are slightly outdated and they should be revised in time according to the development of the pharmaceutical industry.The Food and Drug Administration of Liaoning Province should promulgate some relevant laws and regulations on the market credit supervision of pharmaceutical enterprises as soon as possible.Firstly,Liaoning Drug Administration should formulate the“Measures for the Administration of Drug Safety Credit of Pharmaceutical Enterprises”,including the establishment of credit information management system,which can clarify the main responsibility of pharmaceutical enterprises and key personnel,and standardize drug advertising and advertising endorsement.Secondly,Liaoning Drug Administration should introduce the“Credit Rating Methods for Pharmaceutical Enterprises”,and divide the credit rating of pharmaceutical enterprises into four grades from high to low.Besides,differentiated credit supervision measures must be implemented.Finally,the Pharmaceutical Industry Association of Liaoning Province should issue the industry norms that regard drug quality as life so as to improve the integrity awareness of pharmaceutical enterprises and promote the production activities.展开更多
The rapid development of digital financial inclusion is profoundly changing the financing environment for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).As an important driver of economic growth and innovation,SMEs account ...The rapid development of digital financial inclusion is profoundly changing the financing environment for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).As an important driver of economic growth and innovation,SMEs account for a significant share of employment and GDP globally.However,the traditional bank credit model has long failed to effectively meet the financing needs of SMEs due to issues such as information asymmetry,high cost,and difficulty in risk assessment,resulting in serious financing constraints.Digital financial inclusion,through technological innovation and big data analysis,has significantly reduced credit costs,alleviated information asymmetry,and provided SMEs with more flexible and efficient financing channels.Research shows that digital financial inclusion can not only ease the financing constraints of SMEs,but also promote their innovation and growth,providing important support for building a more inclusive and sustainable financial ecosystem.展开更多
This study examines the causal relationship between financial technology startup venture capital(VC)financing and its deals with domestic credit provided by the banking sector and equity market movement.Despite the ri...This study examines the causal relationship between financial technology startup venture capital(VC)financing and its deals with domestic credit provided by the banking sector and equity market movement.Despite the rise of alternative finance,such as fintech venture capital(it is the fund that venture capital firms put into young,promising fintech companies so that they can help them expand and scale quickly),which is yet underexplored,borrowers still heavily rely on banks and the stock market for financing.We use panel data from 57 countries from 2010 to 2020 and an advanced econometric method called the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag model(CS-ARDL)to determine how the size and number of fintech equity funds dealt with by venture capital firms,banking sector credit,and stock market returns are interrelated at the global level and across regional,income,and economic levels.Our results reveal a cointegrating relationship between fintech venture capital funding and deals with bank loans and equity market returns.However,this relationship varies across the regions studied and between developed and developing economies.Our findings provide crucial guidelines for policymakers to create policies that support balanced financial development by highlighting the global interaction of equity market movements,banking credit,and fintech venture capital investment and lay the groundwork for internationally aligned policies to guarantee the optimal distribution of financial capital and improve economic stability and adaptability by illustrating how these links differ across geographical locations and economic conditions.展开更多
The green credit policy(GCP)is an essential financial policy tool for solving the problem of environmental pollution,and urban energy conservation is an effective way to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.However,e...The green credit policy(GCP)is an essential financial policy tool for solving the problem of environmental pollution,and urban energy conservation is an effective way to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.However,existing research has not verified the energy-saving effects of green credit(GC)at the city level.Based on panel data from 283 cities in China,this study aims to investigate whether GC can effectively reduce urban energy intensity(EI),which is an important complement to existing research.In terms of research methods,to better evaluate the effect of the policy and exclude the influence of other relevant factors,this study considers the promulgation of the Green Credit Guideline(GCG)in 2012 as the basic event,uses the difference-in-differences(DID)model to investigate the impact of GC on EI,and discusses the main impact mechanism.The key results are follows.(1)GC can effectively reduce urban EI.(2)Public environmental demand positively regulates the negative correlation between GC and EI.(3)GC reduces EI through three main channels:government support,capital investment,and technological innovation;however,the mechanism of industrial structure has no significant effect.(4)The effect of GC is more significant in areas with large urban scales,low environmental regulation intensity,and high industrial agglomeration.Based on the above results,this study presents puts forward targeted policy recommendations to strengthen the role of GC in urban sustainable development.展开更多
Taking China’s 2018 value-added tax(VAT)credit refund reform as an exogenous shock to improve VAT neutrality,we use a difference-in-differences approach to explore how the reform affected corporate social responsibil...Taking China’s 2018 value-added tax(VAT)credit refund reform as an exogenous shock to improve VAT neutrality,we use a difference-in-differences approach to explore how the reform affected corporate social responsibility(CSR).We find that the reform motivated firms to improve CSR performance.The reform has a“resource”effect,increasing internal funds and reducing financing costs,thereby enhancing firms’ability to undertake CSR.The reform also has a“reputation”effect,stimulating firms’willingness to engage in CSR to improve their reputations.CSR following the reform increases firm values and reduces bankruptcy risk.Our study provides fresh insights into VAT neutrality theory and is a reference for tax reform in emerging economies.展开更多
Credit card fraud is one of the primary sources of operational risk in banks,and accurate prediction of fraudulent credit card transactions is essential to minimize banks’economic losses.Two key issues are faced in c...Credit card fraud is one of the primary sources of operational risk in banks,and accurate prediction of fraudulent credit card transactions is essential to minimize banks’economic losses.Two key issues are faced in credit card fraud detection research,i.e.,data category imbalance and data drift.However,the oversampling algorithm used in current research suffers from excessive noise,and the Long Short-Term Memory Network(LSTM)based temporal model suffers from gradient dispersion,which can lead to loss of model performance.To address the above problems,a credit card fraud detection method based on Random Forest-Wasserstein Generative Adversarial NetworkTemporal Convolutional Network(RF-WGAN-TCN)is proposed.First,the credit card data is preprocessed,the feature importance scores are calculated by Random Forest(RF),the features with lower importance are eliminated,and then the remaining features are standardized.Second,the Wasserstein Distance Improvement Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)is introduced to construct the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network(WGAN),the preprocessed data is input into the WGAN,and under the mutual game training of generator and discriminator,the fraud samples that meet the target distribution are obtained.Finally,the temporal convolutional network(TCN)is utilized to extract the long-time dependencies,and the classification results are output through the Softmax layer.Experimental results on the European cardholder dataset show that the method proposed in the paper achieves 91.96%,98.22%,and 81.95%in F1-Score,Area Under Curve(AUC),and Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve(AUPRC)metrics,respectively,and has higher prediction accuracy and classification performance compared with existing mainstream methods.展开更多
Under the impetus of the“Dual Credit”policy,traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers are confronted with significant pressure to meet new energy vehicle credit requirements.To address this challenge,these manufacturer...Under the impetus of the“Dual Credit”policy,traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers are confronted with significant pressure to meet new energy vehicle credit requirements.To address this challenge,these manufacturers are increasingly adopting the Original Design Manufacturer(ODM)strategy to collaborate with new energy vehicle enterprises,thereby acquiring credits and expanding their market presence.However,this strategic approach not only intensifies competition between new energy and traditional fuel vehicle markets but also reshapes the profit distribution between the two types of firms.Drawing upon the framework of the Dual Credit policy,this study establishes a Cournot game model to examine the strategic interactions between traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers and new energy vehicle producers.It further investigates the optimal production decisions under the ODM strategy and evaluates their implications for market dynamics and corporate profitability.The findings reveal that,although the ODM strategy heightens market competition,it leads to substantial profit improvements for both types of manufacturers compared to the alternative of directly purchasing credits,while also fostering the growth of the new energy vehicle sector.Moreover,the Case study demonstrates micro-level impact of the dual credit policy on enterprises’response strategies,offering valuable insights for policymakers and industry decision-makers.展开更多
In this retraction note,we have decided to retract an article published in World Journal of Gastroenterology due to management regulations and disagreement among the authors.
In this retraction note,we formally retract an article published in World Journal of Cardiology due to management regulations and disagreement among the authors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671291,71971031,U1811462).
文摘A credit-linked note(CLN)is a note paying an enhanced coupon to investors for bearing the credit risk of a reference entity.In this paper,we study the counterparty risk on CLNs under a Markov chain framework,and introduce a Markov copula model to describe joint defaults between the reference entity underlying the CLN and CLN issuer.Assuming that the respective default intensities are directly and inversely proportional to the interest rate,which follows a CIR process,we obtain the explicit formulae for CLN values through a PDE approach.Finally,credit valuation adjustment(CVA)formula is derived to price counterparty credit risk.
文摘The retraction note addresses allegations concerning the published article titled“Efficacy and safety analysis of transarterial chemoembolization and transarterial radioembolization in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma descending hepatec-tomy”.World J Gastrointest Surg 2023;15:687-697.To preserve academic integrity and avoid misleading the readers,the authors agreed to retract the article,due to significant concerns regarding the reliability of the transarterial radioembolization data obtained by exploratory,non-standardized interventional procedures and ethical compliance in this study,which severely damaged the conclusion in this study.The authors sincerely apologize to the readers,reviewers and editors for these errors and for any inconvenience caused by this retraction.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1008000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12571297,12101585)+1 种基金the CAS Talent Introduction Program(Category B)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20220125).
文摘Credit risk assessment is a crucial task in bank risk management.By making lending decisions based on credit risk assessment results,banks can reduce the probability of non-performing loans.However,class imbalance in bank credit default datasets limits the predictive performance of traditional machine learning and deep learning models.To address this issue,this study employs the conditional variational autoencoder-Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty(CVAE-WGAN-gp)model for oversampling,generating samples similar to the original default customer data to enhance model prediction performance.To evaluate the quality of the data generated by the CVAE-WGAN-gp model,we selected several bank loan datasets for experimentation.The experimental results demonstrate that using the CVAE-WGAN-gp model for oversampling can significantly improve the predictive performance in credit risk assessment problems.
文摘Fluctuations in real estate prices are closely linked to the macro-economy,exerting a profound influence on social investment and consumption levels.As a key source of funding for the real estate market,bank credit significantly affects housing price changes in major Chinese cities.This paper explores the transmission mechanisms and pathways of bank credit on real estate prices through theoretical analysis and empirical research.It constructs a panel regression model to empirically analyze the relationship between bank credit scale and housing prices in 35 large and medium-sized Chinese cities from 2012 to 2022,assess the impact of credit on housing price fluctuations,and compare differences between first-tier and second-tier cities.Based on these findings,the paper proposes suggestions for regulating housing prices by controlling credit scale,aiming to deepen the understanding of the relationship between bank credit and housing prices and support the stable development of China’s macro-economy and real estate market.
基金supported by project Finance for all(F4A),funded by the"Institución Gran Duque de Alba"and"Diputación provincial deávila"under the grant 3364/2022.
文摘Reducing the risk of fraud in credit card transactions is crucial for the competitiveness of companies,especially in Latin American countries.This study aims to establish measures for preventing and detecting fraud in the use of credit cards in shops through analytical methods(data mining,machine learning and artificial intelligence).To achieve this objective,the study employs a predictive methodology using descriptive and exploratory statistics and frequency,frequency&monetary(RFM)classification techniques,differentiating between SMEs and large businesses via cluster analysis and supervised models.A dataset of 221,292 card records from a Latin American merchant payment gateway for the year 2022 is used.For fraud alerts,the classification model has been selected for small and medium–sized merchants,and the multilayer perceptron(MLP)neural network has been selected for large merchants.Random forest or Gini decision tree models have been selected as backup models for retraining.For the detection of punctual fraud patterns,the K-means and partitioning around medoids(PAM)models have been selected,depending on the type of trade.The results revealed that the application of the identified models would have prevented between 48 and 85%of fraud transactions,depending on the trade size.Despite the promising results,continuous updating is recommended,as fraudsters frequently implement new fraud techniques.
文摘The rapid development of digital finance is profoundly changing the structure and management mode of bank credit.Through mobile banking,artificial intelligence,big data,cloud computing,and online lending platforms,banks are able to optimize credit services,increase efficiency,and improve access to credit[1].This evolution began in the late 20th century and accelerated after the 2008 global financial crisis.Through automated approval,precise risk assessment,and real-time monitoring,digital finance has improved credit efficiency,reduced costs,promoted financial inclusion,and enabled groups not covered by traditional financial services to gain support.However,the popularity of digital finance has also brought new challenges,such as consumer protection,cybersecurity,and fraud risks,and there is an urgent need to update the regulatory framework to address these issues.Nonetheless,the technological spillover effects of digital finance have promoted bank credit innovation and improved market competitiveness.This paper analyzes the role of digital finance in credit efficiency,cost,risk management,and financial inclusion,and puts forward policy recommendations to deal with potential risks and ensure the stability and sustainable development of the financial system.
文摘Chinese Journal of Notural Mdicines(CINM,ISSN 2095-6975,original ISSN 1672-3651)was founded in May 2003 and is sponsored by China Pharmaceutical University and Chinese Phar-maccutical Association.The printed version of CINM is published monthly by Science Press and is web edition is published by Elsevier.CJNM is devoted to communications among pharmaccutical and medicinal plant scientists who are interested in the advance-ment of the botanical,chemical,and biological sciences related to natural medicines,ineluding traditional Chinese medicines(TCM).
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(under grants numbers:72271249 and 72432005)from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(under grant number:2023B1515040001)are highly appreciated.
文摘In 2021,12 fraudulent cases were identified in the Chinese carbon market.As a critical component of this emerging market,China’s carbon-credit scheme in the automotive sector faces several shortcomings,including informational opacity and operational inefficiency,which affect market functionality and fairness.This study develops an information system that integrates blockchain technology and the Internet of Things to manage a carbon-credit scheme.Specifically,we attached carbon credits to each vehicle with radio frequency identification electronic tags and a chained data structure to ensure the traceability and reliability of information flow.We use the distributed ledger technology and establish five distinct types of smart contracts for decentralized operations to ensure that all procedures of the Chinese carboncredit scheme are standardized and under public scrutiny.The proposed infrastructure has the potential to significantly enhance the transparency and efficiency of China’s carbon-credit schemes.
文摘In the past decade,financial institutions have invested significant efforts in the development of accurate analytical credit scoring models.The evidence suggests that even small improvements in the accuracy of existing credit-scoring models may optimize profits while effectively managing risk exposure.Despite continuing efforts,the majority of existing credit scoring models still include some judgment-based assumptions that are sometimes supported by the significant findings of previous studies but are not validated using the institution’s internal data.We argue that current studies related to the development of credit scoring models have largely ignored recent developments in statistical methods for sufficient dimension reduction.To contribute to the field of financial innovation,this study proposes a Dimension Reduction Assisted Credit Scoring(DRA-CS)method via distance covariance-based sufficient dimension reduction(DCOV-SDR)in Majorization-Minimization(MM)algorithm.First,in the presence of a large number of variables,the DRA-CS method results in greater dimension reduction and better prediction accuracy than the other methods used for dimension reduction.Second,when the DRA-CS method is employed with logistic regression,it outperforms existing methods based on different variable selection techniques.This study argues that the DRA-CS method should be used by financial institutions as a financial innovation tool to analyze high-dimensional customer datasets and improve the accuracy of existing credit scoring methods.
文摘Objective To study the construction of market credit supervision systems for pharmaceutical enterprises in Liaoning Province and to provide suggestions for improving the integrity awareness and production activities.Methods Based on the market credit supervision experience of National Medical Products Administration and some other provinces,the construction of supervision laws and regulations system for pharmaceutical enterprises in Liaoning Province was investigated from the perspectives of daily supervision and inspection,joint punishment of illegal acts,sampling results,information communication and publicity.Results and Conclusion In recent years,Liaoning Provincial Party Committee and the People’s Government of Liaoning Province has attached great importance to the construction of social credit system by issuing a series of local regulations and local government rules.However,the laws and regulations on the market credit supervision of pharmaceutical enterprises are not perfect,and there is a lack of legal documents such as the credit rating method.Besides,some regulatory documents are slightly outdated and they should be revised in time according to the development of the pharmaceutical industry.The Food and Drug Administration of Liaoning Province should promulgate some relevant laws and regulations on the market credit supervision of pharmaceutical enterprises as soon as possible.Firstly,Liaoning Drug Administration should formulate the“Measures for the Administration of Drug Safety Credit of Pharmaceutical Enterprises”,including the establishment of credit information management system,which can clarify the main responsibility of pharmaceutical enterprises and key personnel,and standardize drug advertising and advertising endorsement.Secondly,Liaoning Drug Administration should introduce the“Credit Rating Methods for Pharmaceutical Enterprises”,and divide the credit rating of pharmaceutical enterprises into four grades from high to low.Besides,differentiated credit supervision measures must be implemented.Finally,the Pharmaceutical Industry Association of Liaoning Province should issue the industry norms that regard drug quality as life so as to improve the integrity awareness of pharmaceutical enterprises and promote the production activities.
文摘The rapid development of digital financial inclusion is profoundly changing the financing environment for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).As an important driver of economic growth and innovation,SMEs account for a significant share of employment and GDP globally.However,the traditional bank credit model has long failed to effectively meet the financing needs of SMEs due to issues such as information asymmetry,high cost,and difficulty in risk assessment,resulting in serious financing constraints.Digital financial inclusion,through technological innovation and big data analysis,has significantly reduced credit costs,alleviated information asymmetry,and provided SMEs with more flexible and efficient financing channels.Research shows that digital financial inclusion can not only ease the financing constraints of SMEs,but also promote their innovation and growth,providing important support for building a more inclusive and sustainable financial ecosystem.
基金financially supported by Doctoral Fellowship of the University Grants Commission,Bangladesh.
文摘This study examines the causal relationship between financial technology startup venture capital(VC)financing and its deals with domestic credit provided by the banking sector and equity market movement.Despite the rise of alternative finance,such as fintech venture capital(it is the fund that venture capital firms put into young,promising fintech companies so that they can help them expand and scale quickly),which is yet underexplored,borrowers still heavily rely on banks and the stock market for financing.We use panel data from 57 countries from 2010 to 2020 and an advanced econometric method called the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag model(CS-ARDL)to determine how the size and number of fintech equity funds dealt with by venture capital firms,banking sector credit,and stock market returns are interrelated at the global level and across regional,income,and economic levels.Our results reveal a cointegrating relationship between fintech venture capital funding and deals with bank loans and equity market returns.However,this relationship varies across the regions studied and between developed and developing economies.Our findings provide crucial guidelines for policymakers to create policies that support balanced financial development by highlighting the global interaction of equity market movements,banking credit,and fintech venture capital investment and lay the groundwork for internationally aligned policies to guarantee the optimal distribution of financial capital and improve economic stability and adaptability by illustrating how these links differ across geographical locations and economic conditions.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Program,No 72133003)Key Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research,Ministry of Education,(Grant No.:22JZD008).
文摘The green credit policy(GCP)is an essential financial policy tool for solving the problem of environmental pollution,and urban energy conservation is an effective way to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.However,existing research has not verified the energy-saving effects of green credit(GC)at the city level.Based on panel data from 283 cities in China,this study aims to investigate whether GC can effectively reduce urban energy intensity(EI),which is an important complement to existing research.In terms of research methods,to better evaluate the effect of the policy and exclude the influence of other relevant factors,this study considers the promulgation of the Green Credit Guideline(GCG)in 2012 as the basic event,uses the difference-in-differences(DID)model to investigate the impact of GC on EI,and discusses the main impact mechanism.The key results are follows.(1)GC can effectively reduce urban EI.(2)Public environmental demand positively regulates the negative correlation between GC and EI.(3)GC reduces EI through three main channels:government support,capital investment,and technological innovation;however,the mechanism of industrial structure has no significant effect.(4)The effect of GC is more significant in areas with large urban scales,low environmental regulation intensity,and high industrial agglomeration.Based on the above results,this study presents puts forward targeted policy recommendations to strengthen the role of GC in urban sustainable development.
基金Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Hebei Province in 2025“Research on Government Procurement-Driven Green Governance of Hebei’s Manufacturing Industry”(Project No.:QN2025662)Social Science Fund of Hebei Province in 2024“Research on Informal Environmental Regulation Promoting Green Development of Hebei’s Manufacturing Industry”(Project No.:HB24GL036)Hebei Provincial Social Science Development Research Project,“Study on the Constraints and Implementation Paths of the Transformation from Dual Control of Energy Consumption to Dual Control of Carbon Emissions in Hebei Province”(Project No.:HBSKFZ25QN199)。
文摘Taking China’s 2018 value-added tax(VAT)credit refund reform as an exogenous shock to improve VAT neutrality,we use a difference-in-differences approach to explore how the reform affected corporate social responsibility(CSR).We find that the reform motivated firms to improve CSR performance.The reform has a“resource”effect,increasing internal funds and reducing financing costs,thereby enhancing firms’ability to undertake CSR.The reform also has a“reputation”effect,stimulating firms’willingness to engage in CSR to improve their reputations.CSR following the reform increases firm values and reduces bankruptcy risk.Our study provides fresh insights into VAT neutrality theory and is a reference for tax reform in emerging economies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62466001the Talent Plan Project of Fuzhou City of Jiangxi Province of China under the Grant No.2021ED008+1 种基金the Opening Project of Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cybersecurity Intelligent Perception under the Grant No.JKLCIP202202the Priority Unveiled Marshalling Project of Fuzhou City of Jiangxi Province of China under the Grant No.2023JBB026.
文摘Credit card fraud is one of the primary sources of operational risk in banks,and accurate prediction of fraudulent credit card transactions is essential to minimize banks’economic losses.Two key issues are faced in credit card fraud detection research,i.e.,data category imbalance and data drift.However,the oversampling algorithm used in current research suffers from excessive noise,and the Long Short-Term Memory Network(LSTM)based temporal model suffers from gradient dispersion,which can lead to loss of model performance.To address the above problems,a credit card fraud detection method based on Random Forest-Wasserstein Generative Adversarial NetworkTemporal Convolutional Network(RF-WGAN-TCN)is proposed.First,the credit card data is preprocessed,the feature importance scores are calculated by Random Forest(RF),the features with lower importance are eliminated,and then the remaining features are standardized.Second,the Wasserstein Distance Improvement Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)is introduced to construct the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network(WGAN),the preprocessed data is input into the WGAN,and under the mutual game training of generator and discriminator,the fraud samples that meet the target distribution are obtained.Finally,the temporal convolutional network(TCN)is utilized to extract the long-time dependencies,and the classification results are output through the Softmax layer.Experimental results on the European cardholder dataset show that the method proposed in the paper achieves 91.96%,98.22%,and 81.95%in F1-Score,Area Under Curve(AUC),and Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve(AUPRC)metrics,respectively,and has higher prediction accuracy and classification performance compared with existing mainstream methods.
文摘Under the impetus of the“Dual Credit”policy,traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers are confronted with significant pressure to meet new energy vehicle credit requirements.To address this challenge,these manufacturers are increasingly adopting the Original Design Manufacturer(ODM)strategy to collaborate with new energy vehicle enterprises,thereby acquiring credits and expanding their market presence.However,this strategic approach not only intensifies competition between new energy and traditional fuel vehicle markets but also reshapes the profit distribution between the two types of firms.Drawing upon the framework of the Dual Credit policy,this study establishes a Cournot game model to examine the strategic interactions between traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers and new energy vehicle producers.It further investigates the optimal production decisions under the ODM strategy and evaluates their implications for market dynamics and corporate profitability.The findings reveal that,although the ODM strategy heightens market competition,it leads to substantial profit improvements for both types of manufacturers compared to the alternative of directly purchasing credits,while also fostering the growth of the new energy vehicle sector.Moreover,the Case study demonstrates micro-level impact of the dual credit policy on enterprises’response strategies,offering valuable insights for policymakers and industry decision-makers.
文摘In this retraction note,we have decided to retract an article published in World Journal of Gastroenterology due to management regulations and disagreement among the authors.
文摘In this retraction note,we formally retract an article published in World Journal of Cardiology due to management regulations and disagreement among the authors.
