AIM To evaluate whether implant design, glenoid positioning, and other factors influenced instability and scapular notching in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records of patient...AIM To evaluate whether implant design, glenoid positioning, and other factors influenced instability and scapular notching in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who had undergone reverse total shoulder arthroplasty by the senior author from July 2004 through October 2011 and who had at least 24 mo of follow-up. The 58 patients who met the criteria had 65 arthroplasties: 18 with a Grammont-type prosthesis(Grammont group) and 47 with a lateral-based prosthesis(lateral-design group). We compared the groups by rates of scapular notching and instability and by radiographic markers of glenoid position and tilt. We also compared glenoid sphere sizes and the number of subscapularis tendon repairs between the groups. Rates were compared using the Fisher exact test. Notching severity distribution was compared using the χ2 test of association. Significance was set at P < 0.05.RESULTS The Grammont group had a higher incidence of scapular notching(13 of 18; 72%) than the lateral-design group(11 of 47; 23%)(P < 0.001) and a higher incidence of instability(3 of 18; 17%) than the lateral-design group(0 of 47; 0%)(P = 0.019). Glenoid position, glenoid sphere size, and subscapularis tendon repair were not predictive of scapular notching or instability, independent of implantdesign. With the lateral-based prosthesis, each degree of inferior tilt of the baseplate was associated with a 7.3% reduction in the odds of developing notching(odds ratio 0.937, 95%CI: 0.894-0.983). CONCLUSION The lateral-based prosthesis was associated with less instability and notching compared with the Grammonttype prosthesis. Prosthesis design appears to be more important than glenoid positioning.展开更多
According to federal communication commission (FCC) rules, the 3.1 - 10.6 GHz band is allocated to the amateur ultra wideband (UWB) applications. On the other hand, the 5.15 - 5.825 GHz band is associated with the wir...According to federal communication commission (FCC) rules, the 3.1 - 10.6 GHz band is allocated to the amateur ultra wideband (UWB) applications. On the other hand, the 5.15 - 5.825 GHz band is associated with the wireless LAN (WLAN) applications according to IEEE 802.11 and HIPERLAN/2 standards. Therefore, an unwanted intrusion will be expected between these two frequency requests. In This paper a comprehensive review will be done over a wide range of UWB microstrip antennas which all have the band notching property over the WLAN band to effectively avoid this interference. All the band notching techniques in the recent papers will be categorized in 4 distinct methods including the tuning stub, the shaped slot, the parasitic element, and the fractal geometry. A few typical papers will be introduced and evaluated in each category for declaration purposes. At last, a comparison will be done between these methods and the relative papers.展开更多
We examine Qin Dynasty(221 to 207 BCE)wood bookkeeping slips from 217 to 210 BCE unearthed in Hunan province,China.While purely written slips were unearthed before,these slips are unique in that they contain written r...We examine Qin Dynasty(221 to 207 BCE)wood bookkeeping slips from 217 to 210 BCE unearthed in Hunan province,China.While purely written slips were unearthed before,these slips are unique in that they contain written records of details oftransactions as well as notches on their sides that represent the quantities of money or measures of commodities involved.Scholars have speculated that ancient engraving,notching or tokening before the development of written language could be bookkeeping/accounting.We show a form of bookkeeping combining notching with written records that emerged at a point in Chinese history where a region saw a temporary dip in local literacy.Notching reappeared to compensate for the loss in literacy to prevent fraud and reduce bookkeepers’risk of being accused of fraud.This for of dualmethod bookkeeping adds credence to the conjecture that prehistorical,prelanguage notching,engraving or tokening was likely bookkee ping/accounting.展开更多
目前针对恶性胶质瘤的治疗手段十分有限,本研究旨在通过揭示天然产物银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo biloba extract,GBE)的抗肿瘤机制,为恶性胶质瘤的治疗提供新的潜在治疗方案。研究发现,125μg/mL GBE处理A172胶质瘤细胞可显著抑制其活力(EC50=...目前针对恶性胶质瘤的治疗手段十分有限,本研究旨在通过揭示天然产物银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo biloba extract,GBE)的抗肿瘤机制,为恶性胶质瘤的治疗提供新的潜在治疗方案。研究发现,125μg/mL GBE处理A172胶质瘤细胞可显著抑制其活力(EC50=128.6μg/mL),TUNEL及瑞氏染色均观察到典型的细胞凋亡形态。机制上,GBE处理导致线粒体膜电位显著下降(JC-1法检测)并引发内质网扩张(ER-Tracker观察)。Western blot分析证实,GBE激活了线粒体自噬与内质网应激,表现为LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ比值升高以及葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose-regulated protein 78,GRP78)和C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP homologous protein,CHOP)表达上调。与此同时,免疫荧光与Western blot结果显示,Notch同源物1(neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1,Notch1)/转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-beta1,TGF-β1)/Smad家族成员2/3(Smad family member 2/3,Smad2/3)通路被激活,且Notch1胞内结构域(Notch1 intracellular domain,NICD)发生核转位。双荧光素酶报告实验进一步揭示,Smad2/3可直接促进LC3和CHOP的转录。关键的是,使用Notch1抑制剂(DAPT)或TGF-β1抑制剂(SB431542)进行干预,可部分逆转由GBE诱导的细胞器应激并提升细胞存活率。综上所述,GBE通过激活Notch1/TGF-β1/Smad2/3通路,破坏细胞器稳态,进而诱导A172胶质瘤细胞凋亡。本研究的目的在于系统阐明GBE通过“信号通路-细胞器”互作以发挥抗癌作用的全新分子机制,其意义不仅为GBE作为潜在的胶质瘤治疗药物提供了坚实的实验证据,更揭示了Notch1/TGF-β1/Smad2/3通路可作为未来开发抗胶质瘤新药的重要靶点。展开更多
文摘AIM To evaluate whether implant design, glenoid positioning, and other factors influenced instability and scapular notching in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who had undergone reverse total shoulder arthroplasty by the senior author from July 2004 through October 2011 and who had at least 24 mo of follow-up. The 58 patients who met the criteria had 65 arthroplasties: 18 with a Grammont-type prosthesis(Grammont group) and 47 with a lateral-based prosthesis(lateral-design group). We compared the groups by rates of scapular notching and instability and by radiographic markers of glenoid position and tilt. We also compared glenoid sphere sizes and the number of subscapularis tendon repairs between the groups. Rates were compared using the Fisher exact test. Notching severity distribution was compared using the χ2 test of association. Significance was set at P < 0.05.RESULTS The Grammont group had a higher incidence of scapular notching(13 of 18; 72%) than the lateral-design group(11 of 47; 23%)(P < 0.001) and a higher incidence of instability(3 of 18; 17%) than the lateral-design group(0 of 47; 0%)(P = 0.019). Glenoid position, glenoid sphere size, and subscapularis tendon repair were not predictive of scapular notching or instability, independent of implantdesign. With the lateral-based prosthesis, each degree of inferior tilt of the baseplate was associated with a 7.3% reduction in the odds of developing notching(odds ratio 0.937, 95%CI: 0.894-0.983). CONCLUSION The lateral-based prosthesis was associated with less instability and notching compared with the Grammonttype prosthesis. Prosthesis design appears to be more important than glenoid positioning.
文摘According to federal communication commission (FCC) rules, the 3.1 - 10.6 GHz band is allocated to the amateur ultra wideband (UWB) applications. On the other hand, the 5.15 - 5.825 GHz band is associated with the wireless LAN (WLAN) applications according to IEEE 802.11 and HIPERLAN/2 standards. Therefore, an unwanted intrusion will be expected between these two frequency requests. In This paper a comprehensive review will be done over a wide range of UWB microstrip antennas which all have the band notching property over the WLAN band to effectively avoid this interference. All the band notching techniques in the recent papers will be categorized in 4 distinct methods including the tuning stub, the shaped slot, the parasitic element, and the fractal geometry. A few typical papers will be introduced and evaluated in each category for declaration purposes. At last, a comparison will be done between these methods and the relative papers.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China:“Research on Historical Materials of Accounting Books in Unearthed Bamboo and Wooden Slips”(Project Approval No.:22FJYB056).
文摘We examine Qin Dynasty(221 to 207 BCE)wood bookkeeping slips from 217 to 210 BCE unearthed in Hunan province,China.While purely written slips were unearthed before,these slips are unique in that they contain written records of details oftransactions as well as notches on their sides that represent the quantities of money or measures of commodities involved.Scholars have speculated that ancient engraving,notching or tokening before the development of written language could be bookkeeping/accounting.We show a form of bookkeeping combining notching with written records that emerged at a point in Chinese history where a region saw a temporary dip in local literacy.Notching reappeared to compensate for the loss in literacy to prevent fraud and reduce bookkeepers’risk of being accused of fraud.This for of dualmethod bookkeeping adds credence to the conjecture that prehistorical,prelanguage notching,engraving or tokening was likely bookkee ping/accounting.
文摘目前针对恶性胶质瘤的治疗手段十分有限,本研究旨在通过揭示天然产物银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo biloba extract,GBE)的抗肿瘤机制,为恶性胶质瘤的治疗提供新的潜在治疗方案。研究发现,125μg/mL GBE处理A172胶质瘤细胞可显著抑制其活力(EC50=128.6μg/mL),TUNEL及瑞氏染色均观察到典型的细胞凋亡形态。机制上,GBE处理导致线粒体膜电位显著下降(JC-1法检测)并引发内质网扩张(ER-Tracker观察)。Western blot分析证实,GBE激活了线粒体自噬与内质网应激,表现为LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ比值升高以及葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose-regulated protein 78,GRP78)和C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP homologous protein,CHOP)表达上调。与此同时,免疫荧光与Western blot结果显示,Notch同源物1(neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1,Notch1)/转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-beta1,TGF-β1)/Smad家族成员2/3(Smad family member 2/3,Smad2/3)通路被激活,且Notch1胞内结构域(Notch1 intracellular domain,NICD)发生核转位。双荧光素酶报告实验进一步揭示,Smad2/3可直接促进LC3和CHOP的转录。关键的是,使用Notch1抑制剂(DAPT)或TGF-β1抑制剂(SB431542)进行干预,可部分逆转由GBE诱导的细胞器应激并提升细胞存活率。综上所述,GBE通过激活Notch1/TGF-β1/Smad2/3通路,破坏细胞器稳态,进而诱导A172胶质瘤细胞凋亡。本研究的目的在于系统阐明GBE通过“信号通路-细胞器”互作以发挥抗癌作用的全新分子机制,其意义不仅为GBE作为潜在的胶质瘤治疗药物提供了坚实的实验证据,更揭示了Notch1/TGF-β1/Smad2/3通路可作为未来开发抗胶质瘤新药的重要靶点。
