Microstructure, precipitate and magnetic characteristic of fmal products with different normalizing cooling processes for Fe-3.2%Si low-temperature hot-rolled grain-oriented silicon steel were analyzed and compared wi...Microstructure, precipitate and magnetic characteristic of fmal products with different normalizing cooling processes for Fe-3.2%Si low-temperature hot-rolled grain-oriented silicon steel were analyzed and compared with the hot-rolled plate by optical microscopy （OM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）. The results show that, the surface microstructure is uniform, the proportion of recrystallization in matrix increases, and the banding textures are narrowed; the precipitates, whose quantity in normalized plate is more than that in hot-rolled plate greatly, are mainly A1N, MnS, composite precipitates （Cu,Mn）S and so on. Normalizing technology with a temperature of 1120 ℃, holding for 3 min, and a two-stage cooling is a most advantaged method to obtain oriented silicon steel with sharper Goss texture and higher magnetic properties, owing to the uniform surface microstructures and the obvious inhomogeneity of microstructures along the thickness. The normalizing technology with the two-stage cooling is the optimum process, which can generate more fine precipitates dispersed over the matrix, and be beneficial for finished products to get higher magnetic properties.展开更多
In order to evaluate radiometric normalization techniques, two image normalization algorithms for absolute radiometric correction of Landsat imagery were quantitatively compared in this paper, which are the Illuminati...In order to evaluate radiometric normalization techniques, two image normalization algorithms for absolute radiometric correction of Landsat imagery were quantitatively compared in this paper, which are the Illumination Correction Model proposed by Markham and Irish and the Illumination and Atmospheric Correction Model developed by the Remote Sensing and GIS Laboratory of the Utah State University. Relative noise, correlation coefficient and slope value were used as the criteria for the evaluation and comparison, which were derived from pseudo-invarlant features identified from multitemporal Landsat image pairs of Xiamen （厦门） and Fuzhou （福州） areas, both located in the eastern Fujian （福建） Province of China. Compared with the unnormalized image, the radiometric differences between the normalized multitemporal images were significantly reduced when the seasons of multitemporal images were different. However, there was no significant difference between the normalized and unnorrealized images with a similar seasonal condition. Furthermore, the correction results of two algorithms are similar when the images are relatively clear with a uniform atmospheric condition. Therefore, the radiometric normalization procedures should be carried out if the multitemporal images have a significant seasonal difference.展开更多
According to the current understanding, electromagnetic interaction is invariable under time reversal. However, the proof of time reversal symmetry in quantum theory of field has not considered the effects of high ord...According to the current understanding, electromagnetic interaction is invariable under time reversal. However, the proof of time reversal symmetry in quantum theory of field has not considered the effects of high order perturbation normalizations. It is proved in the paper that when the renormalization effect of third order vertex angles process is taken into account, the symmetry of time reversal will be violated in electromagnetic interaction process. Because the magnitude order of symmetry violation is about 10–5, but the precision of current experiments on time reversal in particle physics is about 10–3, this kind of symmetry violation can not be found. The result reveals the micro-origin of asymmetry of time reversal and can be used to solve the famous irreversibility paradox in the evolution processes of macro- material systems.展开更多
甲醇制烯烃(methanol to olefins,MTO)工艺中催化剂积炭过程关联因素多且存在复杂交互作用,难以有效调控积炭量。本研究构建基于归一化互信息(NMI)、梯度提升回归(GBR)与SHAP的集成分析框架对催化剂积炭的主要影响因素进行解释性研究,...甲醇制烯烃(methanol to olefins,MTO)工艺中催化剂积炭过程关联因素多且存在复杂交互作用,难以有效调控积炭量。本研究构建基于归一化互信息(NMI)、梯度提升回归(GBR)与SHAP的集成分析框架对催化剂积炭的主要影响因素进行解释性研究,发现当再生一旋入口线速维持在16.0~18.5 m/s,同时配合9~11 t/h的反应器保护蒸汽,将再生器烧焦总风量控制在26000~30000 m^(3)/h且再生滑阀阀位保持在34%~36%,并且蒸汽配入率不低于34%时,能够对催化剂的积炭情况进行有效调控(6.5%~7.3%)。基于上述工艺指标构建基准限,一旦运行工况超出该监测限,通过对交互特征进行SHAP分析,能够对相应的积炭趋势(变化率)作出解释,为工艺过程的平稳运行提供必要的监测信息,为MTO过程催化剂积炭监测提供兼具预测精度和机理解释性的技术方案。展开更多
We give an extension of Delyon's inequality for locally square integrable martingales.The result is very useful for establishing self-normalized exponential inequality for martingales.An application to linear regr...We give an extension of Delyon's inequality for locally square integrable martingales.The result is very useful for establishing self-normalized exponential inequality for martingales.An application to linear regressions is discussed.展开更多
An algorithm of broadband minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR) based on the frequency energy normalization is proposed.First,every narrowband frequency component of the broadband signal is normalized by the ...An algorithm of broadband minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR) based on the frequency energy normalization is proposed.First,every narrowband frequency component of the broadband signal is normalized by the total narrowband energy of all array elements,and the narrowband power is calculated by MVDR.Finally,final spatial energy spectrum can be obtained by averaging or summing all results of every narrowband frequency bin.Any prior-information about the noise or the signal is unnecessary for the proposed method in this paper.The processing gain of the proposed method compared to the conventional broadband MVDR can be obtained as long as the amplitude fluctuation of the array noise frequency spectrum is severer than that of the target signal.The validity of the method is validated by the optimal signal detection theory.Simulation and real data are used to validate the performance of the method.Analysis results show that about 4 dB processing gain compared to the general broadband MVDR can be reached by the proposed method.展开更多
In this paper we propose a multiple feature approach for the normalization task which can map each disorder mention in the text to a unique unified medical language system（UMLS）concept unique identifier（CUI）. We d...In this paper we propose a multiple feature approach for the normalization task which can map each disorder mention in the text to a unique unified medical language system（UMLS）concept unique identifier（CUI）. We develop a two-step method to acquire a list of candidate CUIs and their associated preferred names using UMLS API and to choose the closest CUI by calculating the similarity between the input disorder mention and each candidate. The similarity calculation step is formulated as a classification problem and multiple features（string features,ranking features,similarity features,and contextual features） are used to normalize the disorder mentions. The results show that the multiple feature approach improves the accuracy of the normalization task from 32.99% to 67.08% compared with the Meta Map baseline.展开更多
The paper deals with the estimation of parameters of multidimensional diffusion processes that are discretely observed. We construct estimator of the parameters based on the minimum Hellinger distance method. This met...The paper deals with the estimation of parameters of multidimensional diffusion processes that are discretely observed. We construct estimator of the parameters based on the minimum Hellinger distance method. This method is based on the minimization of the Hellinger distance between the density of the invariant distribution of the diffusion process and a nonparametric estimator of this density. We give conditions which ensure the existence of an invariant measure that admits density with respect to the Lebesgue measure and the strong mixing property with exponential rate for the Markov process. Under this condition, we define an estimator of the density based on kernel function and study his properties (almost sure convergence and asymptotic normality). After, using the estimator of the density, we construct the minimum Hellinger distance estimator of the parameters of the diffusion process and establish the almost sure convergence and the asymptotic normality of this estimator. To illustrate the properties of the estimator of the parameters, we apply the method to two examples of multidimensional diffusion processes.展开更多
The linear Gaussian white noise process (LGWNP) is an independent and identically distributed (iid) sequence with zero mean and finite variance with distribution . Some processes, such as the simple bilinear white noi...The linear Gaussian white noise process (LGWNP) is an independent and identically distributed (iid) sequence with zero mean and finite variance with distribution . Some processes, such as the simple bilinear white noise process (SBWNP), have the same covariance structure like the LGWNP. How can these two processes be distinguished and/or compared? If is a realization of the SBWNP. This paper studies in detail the covariance structure of . It is shown from this study that;1) the covariance structure of is non-normal with distribution equivalent to the linear ARMA(2, 1) model;2) the covariance structure of is iid;3) the variance of can be used for comparison of SBWNP and LGWNP.展开更多
Let variables in the {X, Xn, n ≥ 1} be a sequence of strictly stationary φ-mixing positive random domain of attraction of the normal law. Under some suitable conditions the principle for self-normalized products of ...Let variables in the {X, Xn, n ≥ 1} be a sequence of strictly stationary φ-mixing positive random domain of attraction of the normal law. Under some suitable conditions the principle for self-normalized products of partial sums is obtained.展开更多
We set in this paper a coherent theory based on functional empirical processes that allows to consider both the poverty and the inequality indices in one Gaussian field in which the study of the influence of the one o...We set in this paper a coherent theory based on functional empirical processes that allows to consider both the poverty and the inequality indices in one Gaussian field in which the study of the influence of the one over the other is done. We use the General Poverty Index (GPI), that is a class of poverty indices gathering the most common ones and a functional class of inequality measures including the Entropy Measure, the Mean Logarithmic Deviation, the different inequality measures of Atkinson, Champernowne, Kolm and Theil called Theil-Like Inequality Measures (TLIM). Our results are given in a unified approach with respect to the two classes instead of their particular elements. We provide the asymptotic laws of the variations of each class over two given periods and the ratio of the variation and derive confidence intervals for them. Although the variances may seem somehow complicated, we provide R codes for their computations and apply the results for the pseudo-panel data for Senegalwith a simple analysis.展开更多
基金Projects(51274083,51074062)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Microstructure, precipitate and magnetic characteristic of fmal products with different normalizing cooling processes for Fe-3.2%Si low-temperature hot-rolled grain-oriented silicon steel were analyzed and compared with the hot-rolled plate by optical microscopy （OM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）. The results show that, the surface microstructure is uniform, the proportion of recrystallization in matrix increases, and the banding textures are narrowed; the precipitates, whose quantity in normalized plate is more than that in hot-rolled plate greatly, are mainly A1N, MnS, composite precipitates （Cu,Mn）S and so on. Normalizing technology with a temperature of 1120 ℃, holding for 3 min, and a two-stage cooling is a most advantaged method to obtain oriented silicon steel with sharper Goss texture and higher magnetic properties, owing to the uniform surface microstructures and the obvious inhomogeneity of microstructures along the thickness. The normalizing technology with the two-stage cooling is the optimum process, which can generate more fine precipitates dispersed over the matrix, and be beneficial for finished products to get higher magnetic properties.
基金This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No .40371107) .
文摘In order to evaluate radiometric normalization techniques, two image normalization algorithms for absolute radiometric correction of Landsat imagery were quantitatively compared in this paper, which are the Illumination Correction Model proposed by Markham and Irish and the Illumination and Atmospheric Correction Model developed by the Remote Sensing and GIS Laboratory of the Utah State University. Relative noise, correlation coefficient and slope value were used as the criteria for the evaluation and comparison, which were derived from pseudo-invarlant features identified from multitemporal Landsat image pairs of Xiamen （厦门） and Fuzhou （福州） areas, both located in the eastern Fujian （福建） Province of China. Compared with the unnormalized image, the radiometric differences between the normalized multitemporal images were significantly reduced when the seasons of multitemporal images were different. However, there was no significant difference between the normalized and unnorrealized images with a similar seasonal condition. Furthermore, the correction results of two algorithms are similar when the images are relatively clear with a uniform atmospheric condition. Therefore, the radiometric normalization procedures should be carried out if the multitemporal images have a significant seasonal difference.
文摘According to the current understanding, electromagnetic interaction is invariable under time reversal. However, the proof of time reversal symmetry in quantum theory of field has not considered the effects of high order perturbation normalizations. It is proved in the paper that when the renormalization effect of third order vertex angles process is taken into account, the symmetry of time reversal will be violated in electromagnetic interaction process. Because the magnitude order of symmetry violation is about 10–5, but the precision of current experiments on time reversal in particle physics is about 10–3, this kind of symmetry violation can not be found. The result reveals the micro-origin of asymmetry of time reversal and can be used to solve the famous irreversibility paradox in the evolution processes of macro- material systems.
文摘We give an extension of Delyon's inequality for locally square integrable martingales.The result is very useful for establishing self-normalized exponential inequality for martingales.An application to linear regressions is discussed.
基金Sponsored by New Century Excellent Talent Support Project (NCET-04-0545)
文摘An algorithm of broadband minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR) based on the frequency energy normalization is proposed.First,every narrowband frequency component of the broadband signal is normalized by the total narrowband energy of all array elements,and the narrowband power is calculated by MVDR.Finally,final spatial energy spectrum can be obtained by averaging or summing all results of every narrowband frequency bin.Any prior-information about the noise or the signal is unnecessary for the proposed method in this paper.The processing gain of the proposed method compared to the conventional broadband MVDR can be obtained as long as the amplitude fluctuation of the array noise frequency spectrum is severer than that of the target signal.The validity of the method is validated by the optimal signal detection theory.Simulation and real data are used to validate the performance of the method.Analysis results show that about 4 dB processing gain compared to the general broadband MVDR can be reached by the proposed method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61133012,61202193,61373108)the Major Projects of the National Social Science Foundation of China(11&ZD189)+1 种基金the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013M540593,2014T70722)the Open Foundation of Shandong Key Laboratory of Language Resource Development and Application
文摘In this paper we propose a multiple feature approach for the normalization task which can map each disorder mention in the text to a unique unified medical language system（UMLS）concept unique identifier（CUI）. We develop a two-step method to acquire a list of candidate CUIs and their associated preferred names using UMLS API and to choose the closest CUI by calculating the similarity between the input disorder mention and each candidate. The similarity calculation step is formulated as a classification problem and multiple features（string features,ranking features,similarity features,and contextual features） are used to normalize the disorder mentions. The results show that the multiple feature approach improves the accuracy of the normalization task from 32.99% to 67.08% compared with the Meta Map baseline.
文摘The paper deals with the estimation of parameters of multidimensional diffusion processes that are discretely observed. We construct estimator of the parameters based on the minimum Hellinger distance method. This method is based on the minimization of the Hellinger distance between the density of the invariant distribution of the diffusion process and a nonparametric estimator of this density. We give conditions which ensure the existence of an invariant measure that admits density with respect to the Lebesgue measure and the strong mixing property with exponential rate for the Markov process. Under this condition, we define an estimator of the density based on kernel function and study his properties (almost sure convergence and asymptotic normality). After, using the estimator of the density, we construct the minimum Hellinger distance estimator of the parameters of the diffusion process and establish the almost sure convergence and the asymptotic normality of this estimator. To illustrate the properties of the estimator of the parameters, we apply the method to two examples of multidimensional diffusion processes.
文摘The linear Gaussian white noise process (LGWNP) is an independent and identically distributed (iid) sequence with zero mean and finite variance with distribution . Some processes, such as the simple bilinear white noise process (SBWNP), have the same covariance structure like the LGWNP. How can these two processes be distinguished and/or compared? If is a realization of the SBWNP. This paper studies in detail the covariance structure of . It is shown from this study that;1) the covariance structure of is non-normal with distribution equivalent to the linear ARMA(2, 1) model;2) the covariance structure of is iid;3) the variance of can be used for comparison of SBWNP and LGWNP.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(1067117610771192).
文摘Let variables in the {X, Xn, n ≥ 1} be a sequence of strictly stationary φ-mixing positive random domain of attraction of the normal law. Under some suitable conditions the principle for self-normalized products of partial sums is obtained.
文摘We set in this paper a coherent theory based on functional empirical processes that allows to consider both the poverty and the inequality indices in one Gaussian field in which the study of the influence of the one over the other is done. We use the General Poverty Index (GPI), that is a class of poverty indices gathering the most common ones and a functional class of inequality measures including the Entropy Measure, the Mean Logarithmic Deviation, the different inequality measures of Atkinson, Champernowne, Kolm and Theil called Theil-Like Inequality Measures (TLIM). Our results are given in a unified approach with respect to the two classes instead of their particular elements. We provide the asymptotic laws of the variations of each class over two given periods and the ratio of the variation and derive confidence intervals for them. Although the variances may seem somehow complicated, we provide R codes for their computations and apply the results for the pseudo-panel data for Senegalwith a simple analysis.
