Hyperimmune sera (HIS), raised against crude giardia antigen, on in vitro interaction, caused more agglutination of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Heat inactivated HIS possessed a comparable agglutinating activity as t...Hyperimmune sera (HIS), raised against crude giardia antigen, on in vitro interaction, caused more agglutination of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Heat inactivated HIS possessed a comparable agglutinating activity as the non-inactivated controls. Non-inactivated normal (unimmunized) serum caused immobilization of Giardia trophozoite, which was checked on heat inactivation. Antibodies in immune sera are mainly responsible for agglutination, whereas the heat labile non-immune components control the mobility of the intestinal parasite.展开更多
Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB), which can potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor i...Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB), which can potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, immune checkpoints, expressed on both tumor cells and immune cells, have been identified;some of them have exhibited potential druggability and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for clinical treatment. However, limited responses and immune-related adverse events(ir AEs) cannot be ignored. This review outlines the development and applications of ICBs, potential strategies for overcoming resistance, and future directions for ICB-based cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
文摘Hyperimmune sera (HIS), raised against crude giardia antigen, on in vitro interaction, caused more agglutination of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Heat inactivated HIS possessed a comparable agglutinating activity as the non-inactivated controls. Non-inactivated normal (unimmunized) serum caused immobilization of Giardia trophozoite, which was checked on heat inactivation. Antibodies in immune sera are mainly responsible for agglutination, whereas the heat labile non-immune components control the mobility of the intestinal parasite.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0102100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20307 and 81930041)。
文摘Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB), which can potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, immune checkpoints, expressed on both tumor cells and immune cells, have been identified;some of them have exhibited potential druggability and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for clinical treatment. However, limited responses and immune-related adverse events(ir AEs) cannot be ignored. This review outlines the development and applications of ICBs, potential strategies for overcoming resistance, and future directions for ICB-based cancer immunotherapy.
