As the world’s fourth most populous country,Indonesia presents challenges and opportunities for sustainable energy progress,offering a critical context to investigate green human development(GHD).This study uniquely ...As the world’s fourth most populous country,Indonesia presents challenges and opportunities for sustainable energy progress,offering a critical context to investigate green human development(GHD).This study uniquely contributes to the literature by employing the planetary pressures-adjusted human development index(PHDI)as an indicator of GHD,which integrates environmental impacts into human development.Using static and dynamic econometric methods,including the quantile regression and autoregressive distributed lag model,it explores the impacts of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption on GHD.The findings demonstrate that renewable energy currently has a detrimental impact on GHD due to its limited adoption and high costs.Conversely,nonrenewable energy positively influences GHD,as it is the primary energy source in the country and is becoming more efficient at reducing emissions.However,the study finds that greater use of renewable energy reduces its adverse effects,suggesting that as renewable energy technologies become more cost-effective and widely implemented,their initial adverse effects could be mitigated,leading to improved long-term GHD outcomes.These findings carry important implications for Indonesia,where the govern‐ment is striving to expand renewable energy capacity while promoting equitable development across its archi‐pelagic regions.They underscore the critical role of energy policy in balancing economic,social,and environmental goals,contributing meaningfully to the country’s sustainable development agenda.展开更多
This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate dynamics of national security policies in the realm of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.From the present landscape characterized by the diversification...This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate dynamics of national security policies in the realm of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.From the present landscape characterized by the diversification of energy portfolios to the long-term vision encompassing nuclear fusion,this article navigates through the nuanced interplay of technology,resilience,and environmental responsibility.The synthesis of established nuclear fission technologies and evolving renewable sources forms the cornerstone of a strategic approach,addressing challenges and opportunities to ensure a secure,sustainable energy future.展开更多
Due to its unique properties,helium is critical in scientific research and industrial innovation,particularly in cryogenics;however,its scarcity necessitates efficient resource utilization.Through a review of the hist...Due to its unique properties,helium is critical in scientific research and industrial innovation,particularly in cryogenics;however,its scarcity necessitates efficient resource utilization.Through a review of the historical development of the helium industry,this study comprehensively evaluates the value,sources,production methods,supply dynamics,and sustainability challenges of helium.The processes and mechanisms of helium enrichment,along with effective exploration methods,are systematically analyzed here.We recommend focusing on the development of technologies for helium preservation,recovery,and extraction,particularly the extraction technology for helium-poor fields.Market analysis indicates that no imminent crisis in the global helium supply is expected before 2060.Thus,enhancing helium resource protection technologies is essential to improve its economic utilization and management while providing a timely reference for the scientific community.展开更多
In the past decade or so,AI(artificial intelligence)technology has been growing with such a mesmerizing speed that today its presence in almost any industry that deals with any huge sheer volume of data is taking adva...In the past decade or so,AI(artificial intelligence)technology has been growing with such a mesmerizing speed that today its presence in almost any industry that deals with any huge sheer volume of data is taking advantage of AI by integrating it into their day-to-day operation.Meanwhile,seven billion people worldwide shape the world’s energy system and directly impact the fundamental drivers of energy,both renewable and non-renewable sources,to meet the demand for electricity from them.These energy sources can be reached from nature such as solar,wind,etc.,and human-made such as NPPs(nuclear power plants)in the form of either fission as an old technology since the Manhattan project and in the near future as fusion in the form of magnetic or inertial confinements.Meanwhile,AI controlling nuclear reactors are about to happen.The basic idea is to apply AI with its two subset components as ML(machine learning),and DL(deep learning)techniques to go through the mountains of data that come from a reactor,spot patterns in it,and calling them to the unit’s human attention operators is not invadable either.Designers of such nuclear reactors will combine simulation and real-world data,comparing scenarios from each to develop“confidence[in]what they can predict and what is the range of uncertainty of their prediction”.Adding that,in the end,the operator will make the final decisions in order to keep these power plants safe while they are in operation and how to secure them against cyber-attack natural or human-made disasters.In this short communication article,we would like to see how we can prove some of these concepts;then a NPP manufacturer can pick it up and use it in their designs of a new generation of these reactors.展开更多
Nearly all scientists,at conjunction with simplifying a differential equation,have probably used dimensional analysis.Dimensional analysis(also called the Factor-Label Method or the Unit Factor Method)is an approach t...Nearly all scientists,at conjunction with simplifying a differential equation,have probably used dimensional analysis.Dimensional analysis(also called the Factor-Label Method or the Unit Factor Method)is an approach to the problem that uses the fact that one can multiply any number or expression without changing its value.This is a useful technique.However,the reader should take care to understand that chemistry is not simply a mathematics problem.In every physical problem,the result must match the real world.In physics and science,dimensional analysis is a tool to find or check relations among physical quantities by using their dimensions.The dimension of a physical quantity is the combination of the fundamental physical dimensions(usually mass,length,time,electric charge,and temperature)which describe it;for example,speed has the dimension length/time,and may be measured in meters per second,miles per hour,or other units.Dimensional analysis is necessary because a physical law must be independent of the units used to measure the physical variables in order to be general for all cases.One of the most derivation elements from dimensional analysis is scaling and consequently arriving at similarity methods that branch out to two different groups namely self-similarity as the first one,and second kind that through them one can solve the most complex none-linear ODEs(Ordinary Differential Equations)and PDEs(Partial Differential Equations)as well.These equations can be solved either in Eulearian or Lagrangian coordinate systems with their associated BCs(Boundary Conditions)or ICs(Initial Conditions).Exemplary ODEs and PDEs in the form of none-linear can be seen in strong explosives or implosives scenario,where the results can easily be converted to induction of energy in a control forms for a peaceful purpose(i.e.,fission or fusion reactions).展开更多
Civil engineering construction has made great contributions to the economic and social development of countries around the world, but its unbalanced development has resulted in the excessive consumption of nonrenewabl...Civil engineering construction has made great contributions to the economic and social development of countries around the world, but its unbalanced development has resulted in the excessive consumption of nonrenewable resources and in serious levels of environmental pollution. Civil engineering construction still faces challenges, such as the low sustainability of civil engineering structures and insufficient performance-recovery capability after major disasters.展开更多
In the 1970s,scientists began experimenting with powerful laser beams to compress and heat the hydrogen isotopes to the point of fusion,a technique called ICF(Inertial Confinement Fusion).In the“direct drive”approac...In the 1970s,scientists began experimenting with powerful laser beams to compress and heat the hydrogen isotopes to the point of fusion,a technique called ICF(Inertial Confinement Fusion).In the“direct drive”approach to ICF,powerful beams of laser light are focused on a small spherical pellet containing micrograms of deuterium and tritium.The rapid heating caused by the laser“driver”makes the outer layer of the target explode.In keeping with Isaac Newton’s Third Law“For every action,there is an equal and opposite reaction”,the remaining portion of the target is driven inwards in a rocket-like implosion,causing compression of the fuel inside the capsule and the formation of a shock wave,which further heats the fuel in the very center and results in a self-sustaining burn.The fusion burn propagates outward through the cooler,outer regions of the capsule much more rapidly than the capsule can expand.Instead of magnetic fields,the plasma is confined by the inertia of its own mass—hence the term inertial confinement fusion.A similar process can be observed on an astrophysical scale in stars and the terrestrial uber world,that have exhausted their nuclear fuel,hence inertially or gravitationally collapsing and generating a supernova explosion,where the results can easily be converted to induction of energy in control forms for a peaceful purpose(i.e.,inertial fusion reaction)by means of thermal physics and statistical mechanics behavior of an ideal Fermi gas,utilizing Fermi-Degeneracy and Thomas-Fermi theory.The fundamental understanding of thermal physics and statistical mechanics enables us to have a better understanding of Fermi-Degeneracy as well as Thomas-Fermi theory of ideal gas,which results in laser compressing matter to a super high density for purpose of producing thermonuclear energy in way of controlled form for peaceful shape and form i.e.CTR(Controlled Thermonuclear Reaction).In this short review,we have concentrated on Fundamental of State Equations by driving them as it was evaluated in book Statistical Mechanics written by Mayer,J.and Mayer,M.in this article.展开更多
文摘As the world’s fourth most populous country,Indonesia presents challenges and opportunities for sustainable energy progress,offering a critical context to investigate green human development(GHD).This study uniquely contributes to the literature by employing the planetary pressures-adjusted human development index(PHDI)as an indicator of GHD,which integrates environmental impacts into human development.Using static and dynamic econometric methods,including the quantile regression and autoregressive distributed lag model,it explores the impacts of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption on GHD.The findings demonstrate that renewable energy currently has a detrimental impact on GHD due to its limited adoption and high costs.Conversely,nonrenewable energy positively influences GHD,as it is the primary energy source in the country and is becoming more efficient at reducing emissions.However,the study finds that greater use of renewable energy reduces its adverse effects,suggesting that as renewable energy technologies become more cost-effective and widely implemented,their initial adverse effects could be mitigated,leading to improved long-term GHD outcomes.These findings carry important implications for Indonesia,where the govern‐ment is striving to expand renewable energy capacity while promoting equitable development across its archi‐pelagic regions.They underscore the critical role of energy policy in balancing economic,social,and environmental goals,contributing meaningfully to the country’s sustainable development agenda.
文摘This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate dynamics of national security policies in the realm of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.From the present landscape characterized by the diversification of energy portfolios to the long-term vision encompassing nuclear fusion,this article navigates through the nuanced interplay of technology,resilience,and environmental responsibility.The synthesis of established nuclear fission technologies and evolving renewable sources forms the cornerstone of a strategic approach,addressing challenges and opportunities to ensure a secure,sustainable energy future.
基金the Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.XDC10040000).
文摘Due to its unique properties,helium is critical in scientific research and industrial innovation,particularly in cryogenics;however,its scarcity necessitates efficient resource utilization.Through a review of the historical development of the helium industry,this study comprehensively evaluates the value,sources,production methods,supply dynamics,and sustainability challenges of helium.The processes and mechanisms of helium enrichment,along with effective exploration methods,are systematically analyzed here.We recommend focusing on the development of technologies for helium preservation,recovery,and extraction,particularly the extraction technology for helium-poor fields.Market analysis indicates that no imminent crisis in the global helium supply is expected before 2060.Thus,enhancing helium resource protection technologies is essential to improve its economic utilization and management while providing a timely reference for the scientific community.
文摘In the past decade or so,AI(artificial intelligence)technology has been growing with such a mesmerizing speed that today its presence in almost any industry that deals with any huge sheer volume of data is taking advantage of AI by integrating it into their day-to-day operation.Meanwhile,seven billion people worldwide shape the world’s energy system and directly impact the fundamental drivers of energy,both renewable and non-renewable sources,to meet the demand for electricity from them.These energy sources can be reached from nature such as solar,wind,etc.,and human-made such as NPPs(nuclear power plants)in the form of either fission as an old technology since the Manhattan project and in the near future as fusion in the form of magnetic or inertial confinements.Meanwhile,AI controlling nuclear reactors are about to happen.The basic idea is to apply AI with its two subset components as ML(machine learning),and DL(deep learning)techniques to go through the mountains of data that come from a reactor,spot patterns in it,and calling them to the unit’s human attention operators is not invadable either.Designers of such nuclear reactors will combine simulation and real-world data,comparing scenarios from each to develop“confidence[in]what they can predict and what is the range of uncertainty of their prediction”.Adding that,in the end,the operator will make the final decisions in order to keep these power plants safe while they are in operation and how to secure them against cyber-attack natural or human-made disasters.In this short communication article,we would like to see how we can prove some of these concepts;then a NPP manufacturer can pick it up and use it in their designs of a new generation of these reactors.
文摘Nearly all scientists,at conjunction with simplifying a differential equation,have probably used dimensional analysis.Dimensional analysis(also called the Factor-Label Method or the Unit Factor Method)is an approach to the problem that uses the fact that one can multiply any number or expression without changing its value.This is a useful technique.However,the reader should take care to understand that chemistry is not simply a mathematics problem.In every physical problem,the result must match the real world.In physics and science,dimensional analysis is a tool to find or check relations among physical quantities by using their dimensions.The dimension of a physical quantity is the combination of the fundamental physical dimensions(usually mass,length,time,electric charge,and temperature)which describe it;for example,speed has the dimension length/time,and may be measured in meters per second,miles per hour,or other units.Dimensional analysis is necessary because a physical law must be independent of the units used to measure the physical variables in order to be general for all cases.One of the most derivation elements from dimensional analysis is scaling and consequently arriving at similarity methods that branch out to two different groups namely self-similarity as the first one,and second kind that through them one can solve the most complex none-linear ODEs(Ordinary Differential Equations)and PDEs(Partial Differential Equations)as well.These equations can be solved either in Eulearian or Lagrangian coordinate systems with their associated BCs(Boundary Conditions)or ICs(Initial Conditions).Exemplary ODEs and PDEs in the form of none-linear can be seen in strong explosives or implosives scenario,where the results can easily be converted to induction of energy in a control forms for a peaceful purpose(i.e.,fission or fusion reactions).
文摘Civil engineering construction has made great contributions to the economic and social development of countries around the world, but its unbalanced development has resulted in the excessive consumption of nonrenewable resources and in serious levels of environmental pollution. Civil engineering construction still faces challenges, such as the low sustainability of civil engineering structures and insufficient performance-recovery capability after major disasters.
文摘In the 1970s,scientists began experimenting with powerful laser beams to compress and heat the hydrogen isotopes to the point of fusion,a technique called ICF(Inertial Confinement Fusion).In the“direct drive”approach to ICF,powerful beams of laser light are focused on a small spherical pellet containing micrograms of deuterium and tritium.The rapid heating caused by the laser“driver”makes the outer layer of the target explode.In keeping with Isaac Newton’s Third Law“For every action,there is an equal and opposite reaction”,the remaining portion of the target is driven inwards in a rocket-like implosion,causing compression of the fuel inside the capsule and the formation of a shock wave,which further heats the fuel in the very center and results in a self-sustaining burn.The fusion burn propagates outward through the cooler,outer regions of the capsule much more rapidly than the capsule can expand.Instead of magnetic fields,the plasma is confined by the inertia of its own mass—hence the term inertial confinement fusion.A similar process can be observed on an astrophysical scale in stars and the terrestrial uber world,that have exhausted their nuclear fuel,hence inertially or gravitationally collapsing and generating a supernova explosion,where the results can easily be converted to induction of energy in control forms for a peaceful purpose(i.e.,inertial fusion reaction)by means of thermal physics and statistical mechanics behavior of an ideal Fermi gas,utilizing Fermi-Degeneracy and Thomas-Fermi theory.The fundamental understanding of thermal physics and statistical mechanics enables us to have a better understanding of Fermi-Degeneracy as well as Thomas-Fermi theory of ideal gas,which results in laser compressing matter to a super high density for purpose of producing thermonuclear energy in way of controlled form for peaceful shape and form i.e.CTR(Controlled Thermonuclear Reaction).In this short review,we have concentrated on Fundamental of State Equations by driving them as it was evaluated in book Statistical Mechanics written by Mayer,J.and Mayer,M.in this article.
