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Constrained Networked Predictive Control for Nonlinear Systems Using a High-Order Fully Actuated System Approach 被引量:1
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作者 Yi Huang Guo-Ping Liu +1 位作者 Yi Yu Wenshan Hu 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 2025年第2期478-480,共3页
Dear Editor,In this letter,a constrained networked predictive control strategy is proposed for the optimal control problem of complex nonlinear highorder fully actuated(HOFA)systems with noises.The method can effectiv... Dear Editor,In this letter,a constrained networked predictive control strategy is proposed for the optimal control problem of complex nonlinear highorder fully actuated(HOFA)systems with noises.The method can effectively deal with nonlinearities,constraints,and noises in the system,optimize the performance metric,and present an upper bound on the stable output of the system. 展开更多
关键词 optimal control problem constrained networked predictive control strategy Performance Optimization present upper bound nonlinear systems NOISES Constrained Networked Predictive Control High Order Fully Actuated systems
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Saturation-tolerant prescribed control of MIMO nonlinear systems with actuator faults
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作者 Hao Lei Ruihang Ji +1 位作者 Dongyu Li Shuzhi Sam Ge 《Journal of Automation and Intelligence》 2025年第1期10-20,共11页
This paper addresses the tracking control problem of a class of multiple-input–multiple-output nonlinear systems subject to actuator faults.Achieving a balance between input saturation and performance constraints,rat... This paper addresses the tracking control problem of a class of multiple-input–multiple-output nonlinear systems subject to actuator faults.Achieving a balance between input saturation and performance constraints,rather than conducting isolated analyses,especially in the presence of frequently encountered unknown actuator faults,becomes an interesting yet challenging problem.First,to enhance the tracking performance,Tunnel Prescribed Performance(TPP)is proposed to provide narrow tunnel-shape constraints instead of the common over-relaxed trumpet-shape performance constraints.A pair of non-negative signals produced by an auxiliary system is then integrated into TPP,resulting in Saturation-tolerant Prescribed Performance(SPP)with flexible performance boundaries that account for input saturation situations.Namely,SPP can appropriately relax TPP when needed and decrease the conservatism of control design.With the help of SPP,our developed Saturation-tolerant Prescribed Control(SPC)guarantees finite-time convergence while satisfying both input saturation and performance constraints,even under serious actuator faults.Simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed SPC. 展开更多
关键词 Prescribed performance control Input saturation Auxiliary system Actuator faults MIMO nonlinear systems Finite-time stability
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Event-triggered control for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems with neutral delays and unknown backlash-like hysteresis
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作者 Yiyu Feng Weihao Pan +1 位作者 Yanan Qi Xianfu Zhang 《Control Theory and Technology》 2025年第2期253-265,共13页
This paper investigates the problem of dynamic event-triggered control for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems.In particular,both neutral delays and unknown backlash-like hysteresis are considered.This requires t... This paper investigates the problem of dynamic event-triggered control for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems.In particular,both neutral delays and unknown backlash-like hysteresis are considered.This requires to integrate a compensation mechanism into the event-triggered control architecture.To this end,dynamic gain and adaptive control techniques are introduced to address the effects of neutral delays,unknown hysteresis and parameter uncertainties simultaneously.By introducing a non-negative internal dynamic variable,a dynamic event-triggered controller is designed using the hyperbolic tangent function to reduce the communication burden.By means of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii method,it is demonstrated that all signals of the closed-loop system are globally bounded and eventually converge to a tunable bounded region.Moreover,the Zeno behavior is avoided.Finally,a simulation example is presented to verify the validity of the control scheme. 展开更多
关键词 Large-scale nonlinear systems Neutral delays Unknown backlash-like hysteresis Event-triggered control
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Online Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control With Adaptive Critic for Nonaffine Nonlinear Systems
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作者 Ding Wang Lingzhi Hu +1 位作者 Xiaoli Li Junfei Qiao 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 2025年第1期215-227,共13页
In this paper, a fault-tolerant-based online critic learning algorithm is developed to solve the optimal tracking control issue for nonaffine nonlinear systems with actuator faults.First, a novel augmented plant is co... In this paper, a fault-tolerant-based online critic learning algorithm is developed to solve the optimal tracking control issue for nonaffine nonlinear systems with actuator faults.First, a novel augmented plant is constructed by fusing the system state and the reference trajectory, which aims to transform the optimal fault-tolerant tracking control design with actuator faults into the optimal regulation problem of the conventional nonlinear error system. Subsequently, in order to ensure the normal execution of the online learning algorithm, a stability criterion condition is created to obtain an initial admissible tracking policy. Then, the constructed model neural network(NN) is pretrained to recognize the system dynamics and calculate trajectory control. The critic and action NNs are constructed to output the approximate cost function and approximate tracking control,respectively. The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation of the error system is solved online through the action-critic framework. In theoretical analysis, it is proved that all concerned signals are uniformly ultimately bounded according to the Lyapunov principle.The tracking control law can approach the optimal tracking control within a finite approximation error. Finally, two experimental examples are conducted to indicate the effectiveness and superiority of the developed fault-tolerant tracking control scheme. 展开更多
关键词 Adaptive critic control neural network(NN) nonaffine nonlinear systems online fault-tolerant tracking design uniform ultimate boundedness
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A New Technique for Constructing Higher-order Iterative Methods to Solve Nonlinear Systems
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作者 XIAO Xiaoyong 《应用数学》 北大核心 2025年第3期762-774,共13页
In this paper,a new technique is introduced to construct higher-order iterative methods for solving nonlinear systems.The order of convergence of some iterative methods can be improved by three at the cost of introduc... In this paper,a new technique is introduced to construct higher-order iterative methods for solving nonlinear systems.The order of convergence of some iterative methods can be improved by three at the cost of introducing only one additional evaluation of the function in each step.Furthermore,some new efficient methods with a higher-order of convergence are obtained by using only a single matrix inversion in each iteration.Analyses of convergence properties and computational efficiency of these new methods are made and testified by several numerical problems.By comparison,the new schemes are more efficient than the corresponding existing ones,particularly for large problem sizes. 展开更多
关键词 systems of nonlinear equation Order of convergence Higher-order method Extended Newton iteration Computational efficiency
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Prescribed Performance Tracking Control of Time-Delay Nonlinear Systems With Output Constraints 被引量:3
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作者 Jin-Xi Zhang Kai-Di Xu Qing-Guo Wang 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第7期1557-1565,共9页
The problem of prescribed performance tracking control for unknown time-delay nonlinear systems subject to output constraints is dealt with in this paper. In contrast with related works, only the most fundamental requ... The problem of prescribed performance tracking control for unknown time-delay nonlinear systems subject to output constraints is dealt with in this paper. In contrast with related works, only the most fundamental requirements, i.e., boundedness and the local Lipschitz condition, are assumed for the allowable time delays. Moreover, we focus on the case where the reference is unknown beforehand, which renders the standard prescribed performance control designs under output constraints infeasible. To conquer these challenges, a novel robust prescribed performance control approach is put forward in this paper.Herein, a reverse tuning function is skillfully constructed and automatically generates a performance envelop for the tracking error. In addition, a unified performance analysis framework based on proof by contradiction and the barrier function is established to reveal the inherent robustness of the control system against the time delays. It turns out that the system output tracks the reference with a preassigned settling time and good accuracy,without constraint violations. A comparative simulation on a two-stage chemical reactor is carried out to illustrate the above theoretical findings. 展开更多
关键词 nonlinear systems output constraints prescribed performance reference tracking time delays
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A new optimal adaptive backstepping control approach for nonlinear systems under deception attacks via reinforcement learning 被引量:2
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作者 Wendi Chen Qinglai Wei 《Journal of Automation and Intelligence》 2024年第1期34-39,共6页
In this paper,a new optimal adaptive backstepping control approach for nonlinear systems under deception attacks via reinforcement learning is presented in this paper.The existence of nonlinear terms in the studied sy... In this paper,a new optimal adaptive backstepping control approach for nonlinear systems under deception attacks via reinforcement learning is presented in this paper.The existence of nonlinear terms in the studied system makes it very difficult to design the optimal controller using traditional methods.To achieve optimal control,RL algorithm based on critic–actor architecture is considered for the nonlinear system.Due to the significant security risks of network transmission,the system is vulnerable to deception attacks,which can make all the system state unavailable.By using the attacked states to design coordinate transformation,the harm brought by unknown deception attacks has been overcome.The presented control strategy can ensure that all signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally ultimately bounded.Finally,the simulation experiment is shown to prove the effectiveness of the strategy. 展开更多
关键词 nonlinear systems Reinforcement learning Optimal control Backstepping method
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Fuzzy-Model-Based Finite Frequency Fault Detection Filtering Design for Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Systems
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作者 Meng Wang Huaicheng Yan +1 位作者 Jianbin Qiu Wenqiang Ji 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第10期2099-2110,共12页
This article studies the fault detection filtering design problem for Roesser type two-dimensional(2-D)nonlinear systems described by uncertain 2-D Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy models.Firstly,fuzzy Lyapunov functions are c... This article studies the fault detection filtering design problem for Roesser type two-dimensional(2-D)nonlinear systems described by uncertain 2-D Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy models.Firstly,fuzzy Lyapunov functions are constructed and the 2-D Fourier transform is exploited,based on which a finite frequency fault detection filtering design method is proposed such that a residual signal is generated with robustness to external disturbances and sensitivity to faults.It has been shown that the utilization of available frequency spectrum information of faults and disturbances makes the proposed filtering design method more general and less conservative compared with a conventional nonfrequency based filtering design approach.Then,with the proposed evaluation function and its threshold,a novel mixed finite frequency H_(∞)/H_(-)fault detection algorithm is developed,based on which the fault can be immediately detected once the evaluation function exceeds the threshold.Finally,it is verified with simulation studies that the proposed method is effective and less conservative than conventional non-frequency and/or common Lyapunov function based filtering design methods. 展开更多
关键词 Fault diagnosis finite frequency specifications mixed H_(∞)/H_(-)performance two-dimensional nonlinear systems
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Parametric Estimation of Interconnected Nonlinear Systems Described by Input-output Mathematical Models 被引量:1
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作者 Mourad Elloumi Samira Kamoun 《International Journal of Automation and computing》 EI CSCD 2016年第4期364-381,共18页
In this paper, two types of mathematical models are developed to describe the dynamics of large-scale nonlinear systems, which are composed of several interconnected nonlinear subsystems. Each subsystem can be describ... In this paper, two types of mathematical models are developed to describe the dynamics of large-scale nonlinear systems, which are composed of several interconnected nonlinear subsystems. Each subsystem can be described by an input-output nonlinear discrete-time mathematical model, with unknown, but constant or slowly time-varying parameters. Then, two recursive estimation methods are used to solve the parametric estimation problem for the considered class of the interconnected nonlinear systems. These methods are based on the recursive least squares techniques and the prediction error method. Convergence analysis is provided using the hyper-stability and positivity method and the differential equation approach. A numerical simulation example of the parametric estimation of a stochastic interconnected nonlinear hydraulic system is treated. 展开更多
关键词 Large-scale nonlinear systems interconnected nonlinear systems deterministic systems stochastic systems input-outputmathematical models parametric estimation algorithm convergence analysis.
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Attitude tracking control for variable structure near space vehicles based on switched nonlinear systems 被引量:22
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作者 Wang Yufei Jiang Changsheng Wu Qingxian 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第1期186-193,共8页
An adaptive robust attitude tracking control law based on switched nonlinear systems is presented for a variable structure near space vehicle (VSNSV) in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. The adaptive f... An adaptive robust attitude tracking control law based on switched nonlinear systems is presented for a variable structure near space vehicle (VSNSV) in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. The adaptive fuzzy systems are employed for approximating unknown functions in the flight dynamic model and their parameters are updated online. To improve the flight robust performance, robust controllers with adaptive gains are designed to compensate for the approximation errors and thus they have less design conservation. Moreover, a systematic procedure is developed for the synthesis of adaptive fuzzy dynamic surface control (DSC) approach. According to the common Lyapunov function theory, it is proved that all signals of the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded by the continuous controller. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme. 展开更多
关键词 Attitude control Fuzzy control Robust control Switched nonlinear systems Variable structure near space vehicle
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Sliding Mode Control with Disturbance Observer for a Class of Nonlinear Systems 被引量:11
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作者 Lei-Po Liu Zhu-Mu Fu Xiao-Na Song College of Electric and Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China 《International Journal of Automation and computing》 EI 2012年第5期487-491,共5页
This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems with disturbance. The disturbance model is unknown and the first derivative of disturbance is bounded. Firstly, a general disturb... This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems with disturbance. The disturbance model is unknown and the first derivative of disturbance is bounded. Firstly, a general disturbance observer is proposed to estimate disturbance approximatively. Secondly, since the bound of the disturbance observer error is unknown, an adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee that the state of system asymptotically converges to zero and the unknown bound can be adjusted by an adaptive law. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. 展开更多
关键词 nonlinear systems disturbance observer adaptive sliding mode control derivative of disturbance asymptotic stability
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Adaptive Robust Control for a Class of Uncertain MIMO Non-affine Nonlinear Systems 被引量:9
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作者 Longsheng Chen Qi Wang 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI 2016年第1期105-112,共8页
In this paper, the adaptive robust tracking control scheme is proposed for a class of multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) non-affine systems with uncertain structure and parameters, unknown control direction and unkno... In this paper, the adaptive robust tracking control scheme is proposed for a class of multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) non-affine systems with uncertain structure and parameters, unknown control direction and unknown external disturbance based on backstepping technique. The MIMO non-affine system is first transformed into a time-varying system with strict feedback structure using the mean value theorem, and then the bounded time-varying parameters are estimated by adaptive algorithms with projection. To handle the possible 'controller singularity' problem caused by unknown control direction, a Nussbaum function is employed, and the dynamic surface control (DSC) method is applied to solve the problem of 'explosion of complexity' in backstepping control. It is proved that the proposed control scheme can guarantee that all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded through Lyapunov stability theorem and decoupled backstepping method. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation. 展开更多
关键词 Adaptive algorithms BACKSTEPPING Closed loop control systems Closed loop systems FUNCTIONS nonlinear systems Robust control Time varying systems Uncertainty analysis
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Observer-based Adaptive Optimal Control for Unknown Singularly Perturbed Nonlinear Systems With Input Constraints 被引量:7
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作者 Zhijun Fu Wenfang Xie +1 位作者 Subhash Rakheja Jing Na 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2017年第1期48-57,共10页
This paper introduces an observer-based adaptive optimal control method for unknown singularly perturbed nonlinear systems with input constraints. First, a multi-Time scales dynamic neural network MTSDNN observer with... This paper introduces an observer-based adaptive optimal control method for unknown singularly perturbed nonlinear systems with input constraints. First, a multi-Time scales dynamic neural network MTSDNN observer with a novel updating law derived from a properly designed Lyapunov function is proposed to estimate the system states. Then, an adaptive learning rule driven by the critic NN weight error is presented for the critic NN, which is used to approximate the optimal cost function. Finally, the optimal control action is calculated by online solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman HJB equation associated with the MTSDNN observer and critic NN. The stability of the overall closed-loop system consisting of the MTSDNN observer, the critic NN and the optimal control action is proved. The proposed observer-based optimal control approach has an essential advantage that the system dynamics are not needed for implementation, and only the measured input U+002F output data is needed. Moreover, the proposed optimal control design takes the input constraints into consideration and thus can overcome the restriction of actuator saturation. Simulation results are presented to confirm the validity of the investigated approach. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation. 展开更多
关键词 Closed loop systems Cost functions Lyapunov functions Neural networks nonlinear systems Optimal control systems Perturbation techniques
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Adaptive H~∞ Control of Nonlinear Systems with Neural Networks 被引量:6
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作者 姜长生 陈谋 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2003年第1期36-41,共6页
The discussion is devoted to the adaptive H ∞ control method based on RBF neural networks for uncertain nonlinear systems in this paper. The controller consists of an equivalent controller and an H ∞ cont... The discussion is devoted to the adaptive H ∞ control method based on RBF neural networks for uncertain nonlinear systems in this paper. The controller consists of an equivalent controller and an H ∞ controller. The RBF neural networks are used to approximate the nonlinear functions and the approximation errors of the neural networks are used in the adaptive law to improve the performance of the systems. The H ∞ controller is designed for attenuating the influence of external disturbance and neural network approximation errors. The controller can not only guarantee stability of the nonlinear systems, but also attenuate the effect of the external disturbance and neural networks approximation errors to reach performance indexes. Finally, an example validates the effectiveness of this method. 展开更多
关键词 neural networks nonlinear systems adaptive control H control
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BLOCK DIAGONAL FORM AND BLOCK DIAGONAL CONTROLLER OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS 被引量:5
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作者 Zhao Guorong Zhang Fuen(Dept. of Automatic Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150001)Gu Wenjing(Naval Aeronautical Engineering Academy, Yantai, Shantong, China, 264001) 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1997年第1期51-57,共7页
A block diagonal form about a nonlinear system is defined. Based on the de finition, a design method ca1led block diagonal controller (BDC) is proPOsed bo feedbacklinearization. Thus, a linearization design of a class... A block diagonal form about a nonlinear system is defined. Based on the de finition, a design method ca1led block diagonal controller (BDC) is proPOsed bo feedbacklinearization. Thus, a linearization design of a class of nonlinear system can be simply re-alized. The result of design has been proved by mathematical simulation of a certain anti-ship missile. 展开更多
关键词 feedback LINEARIZATION nonlinear systems flight control controllers
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Global robust optimal sliding mode control for uncertain affine nonlinear systems 被引量:5
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作者 Pang Haiping Chen Xia 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2009年第4期838-843,共6页
The problem of robustifying linear quadratic regulators (LQRs) for a class of uncertain affine nonlinear systems is considered. First, the exact linearization technique is used to transform an uncertain nonlinear sy... The problem of robustifying linear quadratic regulators (LQRs) for a class of uncertain affine nonlinear systems is considered. First, the exact linearization technique is used to transform an uncertain nonlinear system into a linear one and an optimal LQR is designed for the corresponding nominal system. Then, based on the integral sliding mode, a design approach to robustifying the optimal regulator is studied. As a result, the system exhibits global robustness to uncertainties and the ideal sliding mode dynamics is the same as that of the optimal LQR for the nominal system. A global robust optimal sliding mode control (GROSMC) is realized. Finally, a numerical simulation is demonstrated to show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the conventional optimal LQR. 展开更多
关键词 robust control optimal control sliding mode control nonlinear systems uncertain systems exact linearization.
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Parity Relation Based Fault Estimation for Nonlinear Systems: An LMI Approach 被引量:6
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作者 Sing Kiong Nguang Ping Zhang Steven X. Ding 《International Journal of Automation and computing》 EI 2007年第2期164-168,共5页
This paper proposes a parity relation based fault estimation for a class of nonlinear systems which can be modelled by Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models. The design of a parity relation based residual generator is for... This paper proposes a parity relation based fault estimation for a class of nonlinear systems which can be modelled by Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models. The design of a parity relation based residual generator is formulated in terms of a family of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design techniques. 展开更多
关键词 Fuzzy systems nonlinear systems fault identification fault detection fault diagnosis.
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Integral terminal sliding mode control for nonlinear systems 被引量:6
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作者 GUO Jianguo LIU Yuchao ZHOU Jun 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第3期571-579,共9页
This paper proposes a fast integral terminal sliding mode(ITSM) control method for a cascaded nonlinear dynamical system with mismatched uncertainties. Firstly, an integral terminal sliding mode surface is presented... This paper proposes a fast integral terminal sliding mode(ITSM) control method for a cascaded nonlinear dynamical system with mismatched uncertainties. Firstly, an integral terminal sliding mode surface is presented, which not only avoids the singularity in the traditional terminal sliding mode, but also addresses the mismatched problems in the nonlinear control system. Secondly, a new ITSM controller with finite convergence time based on the backstepping technique is derived for a cascaded nonlinear dynamical system with mismatched uncertainties. Thirdly, the convergence time of ITSM is analyzed, whose convergence speed is faster than those of two nonsingular terminal sliding modes.Finally, simulation results are presented in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ITSM control strategies for mismatched uncertainties. 展开更多
关键词 terminal sliding mode(TSM) finite-time convergence mismatched disturbance Lyapunov stability nonlinear systems
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A Novel PF-LSSVR-based Framework for Failure Prognosis of Nonlinear Systems with Time-varying Parameters 被引量:5
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作者 CHEN Xiongzi YU Jinsong +1 位作者 TANG Diyin WANG Yingxun 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2012年第5期715-724,共10页
Particle filtering (PF) is being applied successfully in nonlinear and/or non-Gaussian system failure prognosis. However, for failure prediction of many complex systems whose dynamic state evolution models involve t... Particle filtering (PF) is being applied successfully in nonlinear and/or non-Gaussian system failure prognosis. However, for failure prediction of many complex systems whose dynamic state evolution models involve time-varying parameters, the tradi- tional PF-based prognosis framework will probably generate serious deviations in results since it implements prediction through iterative calculation using the state models. To address the problem, this paper develops a novel integrated PF-LSSVR frame- work based on PF and least squares support vector regression (LSSVR) for nonlinear system failure prognosis. This approach employs LSSVR for long-term observation series prediction and applies PF-based dual estimation to collaboratively estimate the values of system states and parameters of the corresponding future time instances. Meantime, the propagation of prediction un- certainty is emphatically taken into account. Therefore, PF-LSSVR avoids over-dependency on system state models in prediction phase. With a two-sided failure definition, the probability distribution of system remaining useful life (RUL) is accessed and the corresponding methods of calculating performance evaluation metrics are put forward. The PF-LSSVR framework is applied to a three-vessel water tank system failure prognosis and it has much higher prediction accuracy and confidence level than traditional PF-based framework. 展开更多
关键词 prognostics and health management nonlinear systems failure prognosis particle filtering least squares supportvector regression time-varying parameter remaining useful life
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Adaptive control using interval Type-2 fuzzy logic for uncertain nonlinear systems 被引量:5
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作者 周海波 应浩 段吉安 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2011年第3期760-766,共7页
A new adaptive Type-2 (T2) fuzzy controller was developed and its potential performance advantage over adaptive Type-1 (T1) fuzzy control was also quantified in computer simulation. Base on the Lyapunov method, th... A new adaptive Type-2 (T2) fuzzy controller was developed and its potential performance advantage over adaptive Type-1 (T1) fuzzy control was also quantified in computer simulation. Base on the Lyapunov method, the adaptive laws with guaranteed system stability and convergence were developed. The controller updates its parameters online using the laws to control a system and tracks its output command trajectory. The simulation study involving the popular inverted pendulum control problem shows theoretically predicted system stability and good tracking performance. And the comparison simulation experiments subjected to white noige or step disturbance indicate that the T2 controller is better than the T1 controller by 0--18%, depending on the experiment condition and performance measure. 展开更多
关键词 Type-2 fuzzy systems adaptive fuzzy control nonlinear systems stability
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