Objeetive To obtain the recombinant non fusion extracellular porcine zona pellucida protein 3β （pZP3β） in E.coli Methods By modificated the transition initiation region （TIR） in primers, synthetic nucleotide was...Objeetive To obtain the recombinant non fusion extracellular porcine zona pellucida protein 3β （pZP3β） in E.coli Methods By modificated the transition initiation region （TIR） in primers, synthetic nucleotide was gained by PCR. Such gene was cloned into pET-3c vector and transformed into E.coli BL21（DE3）pLysS. Results The recombi.ant nonfusion extracelhtlar pZP3β was expressed in E.coli to 10% of total cellular proteins, and identified by the Western blot method. Conclusion Modification of nucleotide without changing amino acid sequences is an effective means to increase non fusion expression rate of recombinant proteins, such as pZP3β in E. coll.展开更多
Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)have attracted much attention due to their concise synthetic routes and low cost.However,developing high-performance NFREAs with simple structure remains a great challenge.In th...Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)have attracted much attention due to their concise synthetic routes and low cost.However,developing high-performance NFREAs with simple structure remains a great challenge.In this work,a simple building block(POBT)with noncovalently conformational locks(No CLs)was designed and synthesized.Single-crystal X-ray study indicated the presence of S…O NOCLs in POBT,thus enabling it to possess a coplanar conformation comparable to that of fused-ring CPT.Two novel NFREAs based on CPT and POBT were developed,namely TT-CPT and TT-POBT,respectively.Besides,TT-POBT possessed a smaller Stokes shift and a reduced reorganization energy compared with TT-CPT,indicating the introduction of S…O No CLs can enhance the molecular rigidity even if simplifying the molecular structure.As a result,the TT-POBT-based PSC device afforded an impressive power conversion efficiency of 11.15%,much higher than that of TT-CPT counterpart(7.03%),mainly resulting from the tighterπ-πstacking,improved and balanced charge transport,and more favorable film morphology.This work demonstrates the potential of the simple building block POBT with No CLs towards constructing low-cost and highperformance NFREAs.展开更多
The side-chain has a significant influence on the optical properties and aggregation behaviors of the organic small molecule acceptors,which becomes an important strategy to optimize the photovoltaic performance of or...The side-chain has a significant influence on the optical properties and aggregation behaviors of the organic small molecule acceptors,which becomes an important strategy to optimize the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells.In this work,we designed and synthesized three brand-new nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)OC4-4Cl-Ph,OC4-4Cl-Th,and OC4-4Cl-C8 with hexylbenzene,hexylthiophene,and octyl side chains on theπ-bridge units.Compared with OC4-4Cl-Ph and OC4-4Cl-Th,OC4-4Cl-C8 with linear alkyl side chain has more red-shift absorption,which is conducive to obtaining higher short-circuit current density.Additionally,the OC4-4Cl-C8 film exhibits a longer exciton diffusion distance,and the D18:OC4-4Cl-C8 blend film displays faster hole transfer,weaker bimolecular recombination,and more efficient exciton transport.Furthermore,The D18:OC4-4Cl-C8 blend films may effectively form interpenetrating networks that resemble nanofibrils,which can facilitate exciton dissociation and charge transport.Finally,OC4-4Cl-C8-based devices can be created a marvellously power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 16.56%,which is much higher than OC4-4Cl-Ph(12.29%)-and OC4-4Cl-Th-based(11.00%)ones,being the highest PCE among the NFREA based binary devices.All in all,we have validated that side-chain engineering is an efficient way to achieve high-performance NFREAs.展开更多
Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs)due to their simple synthesis.Still,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of NFREA-based OSCs ...Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs)due to their simple synthesis.Still,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of NFREA-based OSCs have large room for improvement.In this work,by merging end group halogenation and side chain engineering,we developed four A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs,which we refer to as EH-4F,C4-4F,EH-4Cl,and C4-4Cl.Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that multiple intermolecular S⋅⋅⋅F interactions between cyclopentadithiophene and 5,6-difluoro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone could cause an unfavorable dimer formation,leading to ineffectiveπ-πstackings in EH-4F and C4-4F,whereas no such dimer was found in EH-4Cl and C4-4Cl after replacing with 5,6-dichloro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone.Moreover,although the shorter n-butyl side chain resulted in a closer molecular packing in C4-4Cl,EH-4Cl(2-ethylhexyl substitution)with proper crystallinity exhibited enhanced face-on orientation in thin film,which is favorable for vertical charge transport and further reducing charge recombination.As a result,a PCE of 13.0%is obtained for EH-4Cl-based OSC with a fill factor of 0.70.This work highlights the importance of molecular packing and orientation control toward future high-performance A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs.展开更多
Background： Current treatments for scoliosis have some defects and complications. To study spinal deformities and test novel scoliosis treatments, many animal models of scoliosis have been developed. These models app...Background： Current treatments for scoliosis have some defects and complications. To study spinal deformities and test novel scoliosis treatments, many animal models of scoliosis have been developed. These models applied a single load to the spine and could not precisely modulate the spinal growth in different dimensions. In this study, we applied posterior tethering in various directions with the application of nickel-titanium （NT） coil springs in dog＇s spine to modulate spinal growth in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes and create a scoliosis model possess curves that mimic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis （AIS） three dimensionally. Methods： Scoliosis was surgically induced in eight 8-week-old female dogs （weight： 1.95–2.30 kg） using bone screws and NT coil springs. The deformity was induced through the placement of posterior NT coil springs that tethered the spine by bone screw fixation. All dogs were monitored with serial radiographs to document changes in deformities. Results： All experimental animals developed scoliotic curves convex to the left in the lumbar segment. The mean coronal Cobb angle was 18.0° immediately postoperatively and 54.5° at 22 weeks. The mean lordosis increased from 6.2° postoperatively to 35.0° at final follow-up. Apical axial rotation increased from 4.5° postoperatively to 31.2° at 22 weeks. Conclusions： With the application of NT springs in dogs that allowed posterior tethering in various directions, lumbar spinal deformity was achieved in three planes： coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes. Notably, the lumbar spine in surgically treated dogs developed lordoscoliosis with obvious rotation and the curves mimic AIS three dimensionally well. This method allows lumbar scoliosis to develop without deep dissection of muscle and maintains the essential anatomical elements along the spinal curve. Moreover, the spinal growth modulation technique could yield information that would provide a basis for developing novel early-stage treatments for children with scoliosis.展开更多
By simplifying the r-bridge unit,a nonfused ring electron acceptor(NFREA)BM-2F was designed and synthesized with several high-yield steps.The specific molecular structure features of BM-2F are planar molecular backbon...By simplifying the r-bridge unit,a nonfused ring electron acceptor(NFREA)BM-2F was designed and synthesized with several high-yield steps.The specific molecular structure features of BM-2F are planar molecular backbone and out-of-plane side chain,which is favorable for charge transport and can suppress the over-aggregation.BM-2F based neat and blend films display obvious face-on molecular orientation.Specially,D18:BM-2F based blend film can form good bicontinuous interpenetrating network.More excitingly,a power conversion efficiency of 16.15%was achieved with D18:BM-2F based photovoltaic devices,which is the highest one based on NFREAs.Our researches manifest that NFREA is a promising direction for low-cost and high-performance organic solar cells.展开更多
Three nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) TTC6,TT-C8T and TT-TC8 were purposefully designed and synthesized.The molecular geometry can be adjusted by the steric hindrance of lateral substituents.According to the...Three nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) TTC6,TT-C8T and TT-TC8 were purposefully designed and synthesized.The molecular geometry can be adjusted by the steric hindrance of lateral substituents.According to the DFT calculations,from TTC6 to TT-C8T and TT-TC8,planarity of the molecular backbone is gradually improved,accompanying with the enhancing of intramolecular charge transfer effect.As for TT-TC8,the two phenyl substituents are almost perpendicular to the molecular backbone,which endues the acceptor with good solubility and suppresses it to form over-aggregation.Multidirectional regular molecular orientation and closer molecular stacking are formed in TT-TC8 film.As a result,TT-TC8 based devices afford the highest PCE of 13.13%,which is much higher than that of TTC6 (4.41%) and TT-C8T (10.42%) and among the highest PCE values based on NFREAs.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the Science & Technology Plan (No. 2001C12001) of Guangdong Province,P.R. China
文摘Objeetive To obtain the recombinant non fusion extracellular porcine zona pellucida protein 3β （pZP3β） in E.coli Methods By modificated the transition initiation region （TIR） in primers, synthetic nucleotide was gained by PCR. Such gene was cloned into pET-3c vector and transformed into E.coli BL21（DE3）pLysS. Results The recombi.ant nonfusion extracelhtlar pZP3β was expressed in E.coli to 10% of total cellular proteins, and identified by the Western blot method. Conclusion Modification of nucleotide without changing amino acid sequences is an effective means to increase non fusion expression rate of recombinant proteins, such as pZP3β in E. coll.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52103352,51925306 and 52120105006)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018FYA 0305800)+3 种基金Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDPB08-2)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB28000000)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2022165)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)have attracted much attention due to their concise synthetic routes and low cost.However,developing high-performance NFREAs with simple structure remains a great challenge.In this work,a simple building block(POBT)with noncovalently conformational locks(No CLs)was designed and synthesized.Single-crystal X-ray study indicated the presence of S…O NOCLs in POBT,thus enabling it to possess a coplanar conformation comparable to that of fused-ring CPT.Two novel NFREAs based on CPT and POBT were developed,namely TT-CPT and TT-POBT,respectively.Besides,TT-POBT possessed a smaller Stokes shift and a reduced reorganization energy compared with TT-CPT,indicating the introduction of S…O No CLs can enhance the molecular rigidity even if simplifying the molecular structure.As a result,the TT-POBT-based PSC device afforded an impressive power conversion efficiency of 11.15%,much higher than that of TT-CPT counterpart(7.03%),mainly resulting from the tighterπ-πstacking,improved and balanced charge transport,and more favorable film morphology.This work demonstrates the potential of the simple building block POBT with No CLs towards constructing low-cost and highperformance NFREAs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52173174,51933001,22109080Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ZR2022YQ45Taishan Scholars Program,Grant/Award Numbers:tstp20221121,tsqnz20221134。
文摘The side-chain has a significant influence on the optical properties and aggregation behaviors of the organic small molecule acceptors,which becomes an important strategy to optimize the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells.In this work,we designed and synthesized three brand-new nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)OC4-4Cl-Ph,OC4-4Cl-Th,and OC4-4Cl-C8 with hexylbenzene,hexylthiophene,and octyl side chains on theπ-bridge units.Compared with OC4-4Cl-Ph and OC4-4Cl-Th,OC4-4Cl-C8 with linear alkyl side chain has more red-shift absorption,which is conducive to obtaining higher short-circuit current density.Additionally,the OC4-4Cl-C8 film exhibits a longer exciton diffusion distance,and the D18:OC4-4Cl-C8 blend film displays faster hole transfer,weaker bimolecular recombination,and more efficient exciton transport.Furthermore,The D18:OC4-4Cl-C8 blend films may effectively form interpenetrating networks that resemble nanofibrils,which can facilitate exciton dissociation and charge transport.Finally,OC4-4Cl-C8-based devices can be created a marvellously power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 16.56%,which is much higher than OC4-4Cl-Ph(12.29%)-and OC4-4Cl-Th-based(11.00%)ones,being the highest PCE among the NFREA based binary devices.All in all,we have validated that side-chain engineering is an efficient way to achieve high-performance NFREAs.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0705900National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22275058,U20A6002,22109046+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2022B1515120008,2022A1515011417Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program,Grant/Award Number:2019ZT08L075。
文摘Nonfused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs)due to their simple synthesis.Still,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of NFREA-based OSCs have large room for improvement.In this work,by merging end group halogenation and side chain engineering,we developed four A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs,which we refer to as EH-4F,C4-4F,EH-4Cl,and C4-4Cl.Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that multiple intermolecular S⋅⋅⋅F interactions between cyclopentadithiophene and 5,6-difluoro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone could cause an unfavorable dimer formation,leading to ineffectiveπ-πstackings in EH-4F and C4-4F,whereas no such dimer was found in EH-4Cl and C4-4Cl after replacing with 5,6-dichloro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indanone.Moreover,although the shorter n-butyl side chain resulted in a closer molecular packing in C4-4Cl,EH-4Cl(2-ethylhexyl substitution)with proper crystallinity exhibited enhanced face-on orientation in thin film,which is favorable for vertical charge transport and further reducing charge recombination.As a result,a PCE of 13.0%is obtained for EH-4Cl-based OSC with a fill factor of 0.70.This work highlights the importance of molecular packing and orientation control toward future high-performance A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs.
文摘Background： Current treatments for scoliosis have some defects and complications. To study spinal deformities and test novel scoliosis treatments, many animal models of scoliosis have been developed. These models applied a single load to the spine and could not precisely modulate the spinal growth in different dimensions. In this study, we applied posterior tethering in various directions with the application of nickel-titanium （NT） coil springs in dog＇s spine to modulate spinal growth in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes and create a scoliosis model possess curves that mimic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis （AIS） three dimensionally. Methods： Scoliosis was surgically induced in eight 8-week-old female dogs （weight： 1.95–2.30 kg） using bone screws and NT coil springs. The deformity was induced through the placement of posterior NT coil springs that tethered the spine by bone screw fixation. All dogs were monitored with serial radiographs to document changes in deformities. Results： All experimental animals developed scoliotic curves convex to the left in the lumbar segment. The mean coronal Cobb angle was 18.0° immediately postoperatively and 54.5° at 22 weeks. The mean lordosis increased from 6.2° postoperatively to 35.0° at final follow-up. Apical axial rotation increased from 4.5° postoperatively to 31.2° at 22 weeks. Conclusions： With the application of NT springs in dogs that allowed posterior tethering in various directions, lumbar spinal deformity was achieved in three planes： coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes. Notably, the lumbar spine in surgically treated dogs developed lordoscoliosis with obvious rotation and the curves mimic AIS three dimensionally well. This method allows lumbar scoliosis to develop without deep dissection of muscle and maintains the essential anatomical elements along the spinal curve. Moreover, the spinal growth modulation technique could yield information that would provide a basis for developing novel early-stage treatments for children with scoliosis.
基金This research was made possible thanks to the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51933001,52173174,22109080,21734009).
文摘By simplifying the r-bridge unit,a nonfused ring electron acceptor(NFREA)BM-2F was designed and synthesized with several high-yield steps.The specific molecular structure features of BM-2F are planar molecular backbone and out-of-plane side chain,which is favorable for charge transport and can suppress the over-aggregation.BM-2F based neat and blend films display obvious face-on molecular orientation.Specially,D18:BM-2F based blend film can form good bicontinuous interpenetrating network.More excitingly,a power conversion efficiency of 16.15%was achieved with D18:BM-2F based photovoltaic devices,which is the highest one based on NFREAs.Our researches manifest that NFREA is a promising direction for low-cost and high-performance organic solar cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51933001, 21734009)。
文摘Three nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) TTC6,TT-C8T and TT-TC8 were purposefully designed and synthesized.The molecular geometry can be adjusted by the steric hindrance of lateral substituents.According to the DFT calculations,from TTC6 to TT-C8T and TT-TC8,planarity of the molecular backbone is gradually improved,accompanying with the enhancing of intramolecular charge transfer effect.As for TT-TC8,the two phenyl substituents are almost perpendicular to the molecular backbone,which endues the acceptor with good solubility and suppresses it to form over-aggregation.Multidirectional regular molecular orientation and closer molecular stacking are formed in TT-TC8 film.As a result,TT-TC8 based devices afford the highest PCE of 13.13%,which is much higher than that of TTC6 (4.41%) and TT-C8T (10.42%) and among the highest PCE values based on NFREAs.
