Cold injury refers to local or systemic injury caused by a rapid, massive loss of body heat in a cold environment. The incidence of cold injury is high. However, the current situation regarding the diagnosis and treat...Cold injury refers to local or systemic injury caused by a rapid, massive loss of body heat in a cold environment. The incidence of cold injury is high. However, the current situation regarding the diagnosis and treatment of cold injury in our country is not ideal. To standardize and improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of cold injury in China, it is necessary to make a consensus that is practical and adapted to the conditions in China. We used the latest population-level epidemiological and clinical research data, combined with relevant literature from China and foreign countries. The consensus was developed by a joint committee of multidisciplinary experts. This expert consensus addresses the epidemiology, diagnosis, on-site emergency procedures, in-hospital treatment, and prevention of cold injury.展开更多
Recent investigations indicated that the absorbed water in the hydrated pro- teins was in different states. A portion of molecules of the absorbed water were bound up with hydrophilic sites on the protein surface by h...Recent investigations indicated that the absorbed water in the hydrated pro- teins was in different states. A portion of molecules of the absorbed water were bound up with hydrophilic sites on the protein surface by hydrogen bonds and did not join in the ice lattice. The water in this state was called nonfreezable water. The other water was called freezable water, but still it might be in different展开更多
文摘Cold injury refers to local or systemic injury caused by a rapid, massive loss of body heat in a cold environment. The incidence of cold injury is high. However, the current situation regarding the diagnosis and treatment of cold injury in our country is not ideal. To standardize and improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of cold injury in China, it is necessary to make a consensus that is practical and adapted to the conditions in China. We used the latest population-level epidemiological and clinical research data, combined with relevant literature from China and foreign countries. The consensus was developed by a joint committee of multidisciplinary experts. This expert consensus addresses the epidemiology, diagnosis, on-site emergency procedures, in-hospital treatment, and prevention of cold injury.
文摘Recent investigations indicated that the absorbed water in the hydrated pro- teins was in different states. A portion of molecules of the absorbed water were bound up with hydrophilic sites on the protein surface by hydrogen bonds and did not join in the ice lattice. The water in this state was called nonfreezable water. The other water was called freezable water, but still it might be in different
