Objective To investigate changes in the urinary metabolite profiles of children exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)during critical brain development and explore their potential link with the intestinal m...Objective To investigate changes in the urinary metabolite profiles of children exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)during critical brain development and explore their potential link with the intestinal microbiota.Methods Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine ten hydroxyl metabolites of PAHs(OH-PAHs)in 36-month-old children.Subsequently,37 children were categorized into low-and high-exposure groups based on the sum of the ten OH-PAHs.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify non-targeted metabolites in the urine samples.Furthermore,fecal flora abundance was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina MiSeq.Results The concentrations of 21 metabolites were significantly higher in the high exposure group than in the low exposure group(variable importance for projection>1,P<0.05).Most of these metabolites were positively correlated with the hydroxyl metabolites of naphthalene,fluorine,and phenanthrene(r=0.336–0.531).The identified differential metabolites primarily belonged to pathways associated with inflammation or proinflammatory states,including amino acid,lipid,and nucleotide metabolism.Additionally,these distinct metabolites were significantly associated with specific intestinal flora abundances(r=0.34–0.55),which were mainly involved in neurodevelopment.Conclusion Higher PAH exposure in young children affected metabolic homeostasis,particularly that of certain gut microbiota-derived metabolites.Further investigation is needed to explore the potential influence of PAHs on the gut microbiota and their possible association with neurodevelopmental outcomes.展开更多
Background:Risk substances in cosmetics have long been associated with adverse reactions.However,as risk substances become more concealed and diversified,conventional targeted analysis methods are no longer sufficient...Background:Risk substances in cosmetics have long been associated with adverse reactions.However,as risk substances become more concealed and diversified,conventional targeted analysis methods are no longer sufficient to meet regulatory requirements.Objective:To construct a rapid and effective non-targeted screening method for the identification of risk substances,and to provide a high-throughput method for toxicity assessment.Methods:Molecular networking was utilized for the non-targeted screening of risk substances in facial skincare products,and the toxicity of these risk substances was evaluated through molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)models.Results:Through molecular networking,we identified seven known prohibited ingredients,six of which were confirmed using standard substances.In addition,17 potential risk substances were discovered within molecular clusters containing prohibited ingredients,including antibiotics,antihistamines,and phthalates,etc.Notably,chloramphenicol base and N-desmethyl chlorpheniramine exhibited stronger binding affinity to keratin 5/14 than chloramphenicol and chlorpheniramine through molecular docking,respectively.Additionally,toxicity prediction results indicated that the carcinogenicity of antibiotics presented gender differences in mice and rats,and two chlorpheniramine derivatives also showed carcinogenicity in mice.Moreover,of the 24 compounds,11 showed skin sensitization,while 14 caused skin irritation.Furthermore,half of these compounds demonstrated potential developmental toxicity,and only 4-nitrobenzenethiol was found to be mutagenic.Conclusion:In this study,we developed a visualization strategy for non-targeted screening of risk substances and a high-throughput method for initial toxicity assessment of risk substances.展开更多
[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guid...[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guidelines for environmental safety evaluation on chemical pesticides＂, the toxicity of myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves on non-target organisms was determined and the safety evaluation was carried out. [Result] MyriceUn and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-target organisms, such as earthworm, silkworm and soil microbes. Myricetin showed low toxicity and the crude extract of M. rubra leaves showed middle toxicity on tadpole. The high-concentration crude extract of M. rubra leaves had some antifeedant effect on silkworm. [ Conclusion] Myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-tar- get organisms in environment and they were relatively safe.展开更多
Based on linguistic theories which developed by Saussure and some other contemporary linguists, this article attempts to analyze the factors that cause low English parole competence of the contemporary college student...Based on linguistic theories which developed by Saussure and some other contemporary linguists, this article attempts to analyze the factors that cause low English parole competence of the contemporary college students under non-target language environment. It views that how to properly deal with the relationship between langue and parole is still a debating focus in applied linguistics. The result of low English parole competence of contemporary college students is due to the interaction of the contemporary College English syllabus, text books pedagogies and the English language level of both students and teachers. Thus it puts forward some suggestions to improve the college students＇ English parole competence.展开更多
Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in Ch...Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in China. Limited studies have been conducted on the ecological impacts of transgenic insect-resistant cotton, especially for transgenic double genes （Bt＋CpTI） cotton, in this region. In this study, the potential effects of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton on the seasonal abundance of non-target pests and predators were assessed from 2009 to 2011 in Korla, Xinjiang. The results showed that species composition and seasonal abundance of 5 groups of pests and 5 groups of predators were not significantly different between transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton and non-transgenic cotton every year. It suggests that transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton per se does not affect the population dynamics of non-target pests and predators on this crop in Xinjiang.展开更多
A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of transgenic japonica rice（KMD1 and KMD2） with a synthetic cry1 Ab gene from Bacillus thuingiensis Berliner on population dynamics and seasonal average densiti...A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of transgenic japonica rice（KMD1 and KMD2） with a synthetic cry1 Ab gene from Bacillus thuingiensis Berliner on population dynamics and seasonal average densities of five thrips species including Stenchaetothrips biformis（Bagnall）,Frankliniella intonsa（Trybom）,F.tenuicornis（Uzel）,Haplothrips aculeatus（Fabricius）,Haplothrips tritici（Kurd） and their general predatory flower bug,Orius similis Zheng as compared to the parental control rice line using the white,blue and yellow sticky card traps.Population dynamics and seasonal average densities of these five thrips species and their general predatory flower bug were not significantly affected by rice type.Additionally,the white sticky card trap was suggested to be the most suitable for monitoring the population of these five thrips species and their general predator.These results show that our tested Bt rice lines do not interrupt the population of non-target thrips species and their general predatory flower bug in the field,and also cannot result in more occurrence of these thrips species in the rice ecosystem.展开更多
Field experiments to evaluate four different colored sticky cards for trapping non-target insects were conducted in an organic maize field in the Heinigou region of China. Yellow, blue, green, and red sticky cards wer...Field experiments to evaluate four different colored sticky cards for trapping non-target insects were conducted in an organic maize field in the Heinigou region of China. Yellow, blue, green, and red sticky cards were used to trap insects in the field. The total number of insects species caught was 54, with 3,862 individuals recorded. Over half of the specimens caught were non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, particularly dipteran species(including many mosquitoes)(50.3%), followed by target pests(37.0%), and beneficial insects(12.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in attraction to target pests, non-target pests, and beneficial insects among treatment groups. The results showed that higher numbers of target pests(Myzus persicae Sulzer, Empoasca flavescens Fabricius, Nysius ericaecshinly Schilling) were caught on yellow sticky card traps compared with blue, green, or red sticky card traps, indicating that yellow was the best trap color for target pests, with green and blue being progressively less attractive. For non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, flies, and mosquitoes,higher numbers of were caught on blue sticky card traps compared with yellow,green, or red sticky card traps. Our study indicated that blue was the most attractive color for flies, especially for the housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus. Our study also showed that most beneficial insects exhibited preferences to particular trap color characteristics: yellow was the most attractive color for parasitic wasps and lady beetles; blue was the most attractive color for hoverflies and honeybees. In contrast,green and red had no significant attraction to beneficial insects.展开更多
Among the numerous fruit species of Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.,‘LR’(white flesh)and‘BR’(pink flesh)are two kinds of local strains with high edibility.In order to study the metabolic causes of taste differences,we p...Among the numerous fruit species of Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.,‘LR’(white flesh)and‘BR’(pink flesh)are two kinds of local strains with high edibility.In order to study the metabolic causes of taste differences,we performed the non-targeted metabonomics analysis of‘LR’and‘BR’using LC-MS/MS.541 metabolites were totally identified,and 45 kinds of metabolites(carbohydrates,fatty acids,flavonoids and terpenoids,etc.)were different between the two strains.The results indicate L-sorbose,D-(+)-glucose,citric acid,L-phenylalanine and oleamide,α-eleostearic acid were the main primary metabolites.The significant difference existed in pathways of unsaturated fatty acids between the studied two strains by pathway enrichment analysis.The results demonstrate that the different in composition,as well as the abundance of primary and secondary metabolites may be the potential causes of taste differences,which provides a new insight into the possible metabolic factors setting off the changing taste of B.ramiflora.展开更多
Advanced analytical methodology based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is proposed for investigation of organic chlorides in different oilfield che...Advanced analytical methodology based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is proposed for investigation of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals.The target screening was initially carried out on 8 suspected organic chlorides by evaluating the capability of the enhanced separation and reliable identification at a trace concentration. GC×GC-TOFMS allowed for the fast and automated analysis of organic chlorides at a level of 200 μg/L. This method was subsequently applied for non-target screening of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals at various locations across China. 22 organic chlorides were identified and verified by comparison with pure standards in the mixed sample. Finally, this method was used to determine the content of the organic chlorides in individual samples. The result showed that the organic chloride levels in 19 of the 39 tested oilfield chemicals were above the threshold limit of 1.0 mg/L.展开更多
American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fernald) is one of the most competitive and malignant weeds in rice-wheat rotation fields in China. American sloughgrass populations in the Jiangsu Province of China ...American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fernald) is one of the most competitive and malignant weeds in rice-wheat rotation fields in China. American sloughgrass populations in the Jiangsu Province of China became less sensitive to acetohydroxyacid synthase(AHAS) inhibitors after repeated application for many years in these areas. Two suspected resistant American sloughgrass populations(R1 and R2) collected in the field were detected the resistance to inhibitors of AHAS in whole-plant dose-response assays, compared to the susceptible(S) population. These assays indicated that R1 showed low resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl(3.32-fold), imazapic(2.84-fold) and pyroxsulam(1.55-fold), moderate resistance to flazasulfuron(4.67-fold) and pyribenzoxim(7.41-fold), and high resistance to flucarbazone(11.73-fold). However, using a combination of the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, malathion, with mesosulfuron-methyl resulted in a reduction in R1 resistance relative to mesosulfuron-methyl alone. Furthermore, R2 was highly resistant to flazasulfuron(34.90-fold), imazapic(11.30-fold), flucarbazone(49.20-fold), pyribenzoxim(12.94-fold), moderately resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl(9.77-fold) and pyroxsulam(6.26-fold), and malathion had no effect on R2 resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl. The fulllength of AHAS genes was sequenced and the AHAS enzymes were assayed in vitro in order to clarify the mechanism of resistance to AHAS inhibitors in R1 and R2 populations. The results demonstrated that R2 had a Pro-197-Ser mutation in the AHAS gene, and the sensitivity of R2 to the five AHAS inhibitors was decreased, which may result in R2 resistance to AHAS inhibitors. There was no mutation in the AHAS gene of R1, and there were no significant differences in enzyme sensitivity between susceptible(S) and resistant(R1) populations. An enhanced metabolism may be the main mechanism of R1 resistance to AHAS inhibitors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Portal vein embolization(PVE)is an effective and relatively safe procedure performed prior to major hepatic resection to enhance future liver remnant.Nontarget embolization during PVE is rare,and if it occu...BACKGROUND Portal vein embolization(PVE)is an effective and relatively safe procedure performed prior to major hepatic resection to enhance future liver remnant.Nontarget embolization during PVE is rare,and if it occurs,it usually affects the future liver remnant.Intrahepatic portosystemic venous fistulas are extremely rare in non-cirrhotic livers.We report a case of non-targeted lung embolization during PVE due to an unrecognized intrahepatic portosystemic fistula.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male presented with metastatic colon cancer of the liver.The patient underwent preoperative right PVE.During the embolization procedure,a small amount of glue and lipiodol emulsion was embolized to the heart and lungs through an unrecognized intrahepatic portosystemic fistula.The patient remained clinically stable and underwent the planned hepatic resection after 4 wk,with an uneventful postoperative course.CONCLUSION Conventional portograms and careful evaluation prior to PVE are advisable to avoid such complications.展开更多
[Objectives]Selenium(Se)-enriched rice is the main type of Se-enriched agricultural product developed in China,and this study aimed to understand the impact of selenium application on the metabolites in rice.[Methods]...[Objectives]Selenium(Se)-enriched rice is the main type of Se-enriched agricultural product developed in China,and this study aimed to understand the impact of selenium application on the metabolites in rice.[Methods]Se-enriched rice was prepared by foliar application of a sodium selenite aqueous solution,and high-throughput analysis of differential metabolites in Se-enriched rice was conducted based on extensive non-targeted metabolome.[Results]There were significant differences in metabolites between Se-enriched rice and ordinary rice,and a total of 535 differential metabolites were identified.Among them,420 metabolites in Se-enriched rice were upregulated,accounting for 78.5%,far higher than downregulated metabolites.The enrichment differences of three KEGG metabolic pathways,including cysteine and methionine metabolism,zeatin biosynthesis,and arachidonic acid metabolism,reached a significant level,indicating that selenium enrichment had a significant regulatory effect on the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids,the synthesis of natural cytokinin zeatin,and arachidonic acid bioactive components in rice.[Conclusions]The results can provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched rice.展开更多
Various rice lines have been genetically modified with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） to continuously produce Bt insecticidal proteins against lepidopteran larvae. The Bt insecticidal protein constantly expre...Various rice lines have been genetically modified with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） to continuously produce Bt insecticidal proteins against lepidopteran larvae. The Bt insecticidal protein constantly expresses in the plants to create an opportunity for non-target herbivores to acquire and convey the protein to their predators or parasitoids across trophic levels. This paper evaluates the effects of Bt rice（namely, Kemindao 1（KMD1） and Kemindao 2（KMD2）） expressing Cry1 Ab as compared to its non-Bt control line, Xiushui 11 on non-target predator Orius tantilus（a generalist predatory anthocorid of thrips） under laboratory and field conditions. To measure several biological parameters such as total nymphal duration and fecundity of this bug, it was reared on thrips and pollens of KMD1 and KMD2 as compared to their control under laboratory conditions. By comparison with the control, Bt rice did not significantly affect main life-history characteristics（total nymphal duration, female adult longevity, oviposition period and fecundity） of this anthocorid preying on Bt rice-fed thrips along with Bt rice pollens, except that the fecundity of this predator for KMD1 was distinctly lower as compared with KMD2 or the control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） results showed that no Cry1 Ab protein was detected in this predator fed on thrips or rice pollen from Bt rice but was in Bt rice pollens. With the beat plate, plastic bag and color trap sampling methods, two-year field monitoring of O. tantilus abundance demonstrated that Bt rice had no significant detrimental effects on the population dynamics and seasonal average densities of this predatory anthocorid as compared with the control. Thus, it is suggested that growing our tested Bt rice（KMD1 and KMD2） producing Cry1 Ab will pose a negligible risk to the anthocorid, O. tantilus.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have started to play an important role in pest control,and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging.However,an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plan...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have started to play an important role in pest control,and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging.However,an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plants expressing insect miRNAs must be undertaken before promoting their application.Here,transgenic miR-14 rice,which has high resistance to the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis,was used as an example for evaluation in this study.Taking the tier 1 risk assessment method in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)crops as a reference,the effects of the direct exposure of a non-target parasitoid,Cotesia chilonis,to a high concentration of miRNA were evaluated.The results showed that direct feeding with miR-14 at high concentration had no significant effects on the biological parameters of Co.chilonis,whereas when miR-14 was injected into Ch.suppressalis-parasitized larvae,the development duration of Co.chilonis was significantly affected.In combination with the real conditions of the rice paddy field,it could be inferred that transgenic miR-14 rice has no significant negative effects on the important non-target parasitoid,Co.chilonis.These results will provide a foundation for the establishment of a new safety evaluation system for novel RNAi-based transgenic plants.展开更多
Non-targeted analysis(NTA)was conducted to identify semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)in a museum in China using the gas chromatography(GC)-Orbitrap-mass spectrometer(MS).Approximately 160 SVOCs were detected,of w...Non-targeted analysis(NTA)was conducted to identify semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)in a museum in China using the gas chromatography(GC)-Orbitrap-mass spectrometer(MS).Approximately 160 SVOCs were detected,of which 93 had not been reported in previous studies of museum environments.Many of the detected SVOCs were found to be associated with the chemical agents applied in conservation treatment and the materials used in furnishings.The results of hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)indicated a spatial variation of SVOCs in the indoor air in the museum,but there were no obvious temporal differences of SVOCs observed in indoor dust.Spearman's correlation analysis showed that several classes of SVOCs were well correlated,suggesting their common sources.Fragrances and plasticizers were found to be the primary sources of SVOC pollution detected in the museum.Compared with compounds in outdoor air,indoor SVOCs had a lower level of unsaturation and more portions of chemically reduced compounds.This study is the first of its kind to comprehensively characterize SVOCs in a museum using an automated NTA approach with GC-Orbitrap-MS.The SVOCs identified in the current study are likely to be present in other similar museums;therefore,further examination of their potential impacts on cultural heritage artifacts,museum personnel,and visitors may be warranted.展开更多
This research was to reveal the key factors in the progression of osteoarthritis(OA)using non-targeted metabolomics and to find targeted therapies for patients with OA.Twenty-two patients with knee OA scheduled for to...This research was to reveal the key factors in the progression of osteoarthritis(OA)using non-targeted metabolomics and to find targeted therapies for patients with OA.Twenty-two patients with knee OA scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were divided into two groups:Kellgren-Lawrence(KL)grade 3(n=16)and grade 4(n=6),according to plain X-rays of the knee.After the operation,the cartilages of femur samples were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics.When compared with grade 3 patients,the levels of choline,2-propylpiperidine,rhamnose,and monomethyl glutaric acid were higher;while 1-methylhistamine,sphingomyelin(SM)(d18:1/14:0),zeranol,3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol,5-aminopentanamide,dihydrouracil,2-hydroxypyridine,and 3-amino-2-piperidone were lower in grade 4 patients.Furthermore,some metabolic pathways were found to be significantly different in two groups such as the pantothenate and coenzyme A(CoA)biosynthesis pathway,the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway,histidine metabolism pathway,lysine degradation pathway,glycine,serine and threonine metabolism pathway,fructose and mannose metabolism pathway,the pyrimidine metabolism pathway,and beta-alanine metabolism pathway.This work used non-targeted metabolomics and screened out differential metabolites and metabolic pathways,providing a reliable theoretical basis for further study of specific markers and their specific pathways in the progression of OA.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA),a major contributor to disability around the globe,challenges the medical world with its intricate causes and scarce treatment options(Hunter and Bierma-Zeinstra 2019;Hunter et al.2020).The innovati...Osteoarthritis(OA),a major contributor to disability around the globe,challenges the medical world with its intricate causes and scarce treatment options(Hunter and Bierma-Zeinstra 2019;Hunter et al.2020).The innovative study by Sun et al.,titled“Identification of Key Factors in Cartilage Tissue During the Progression of Osteoarthritis Using a Non-targeted Metabolomics Strategy”,takes a novel approach to uncovering the metabolic underpinnings of OA progression(Sun et al.2024).By employing non-targeted metabolomics,the research offers original insights into the metabolic distinctions between OA patients of different Kellgren-Lawrence(KL)grades.This commentary aims to dissect these findings,shedding light on their significance and potential to revolutionize OA diagnosis,treatment,and understanding.展开更多
基金partly supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:81372955)BiosTime Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Health Research Fund(2017FYH008)+1 种基金the Projects of Medical and Health Technology Development Program in Shandong Province(No:2016WS0309)Qingdao Outstanding Health Professional Development Fund(2020-2022,2022-2024)。
文摘Objective To investigate changes in the urinary metabolite profiles of children exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)during critical brain development and explore their potential link with the intestinal microbiota.Methods Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine ten hydroxyl metabolites of PAHs(OH-PAHs)in 36-month-old children.Subsequently,37 children were categorized into low-and high-exposure groups based on the sum of the ten OH-PAHs.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify non-targeted metabolites in the urine samples.Furthermore,fecal flora abundance was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina MiSeq.Results The concentrations of 21 metabolites were significantly higher in the high exposure group than in the low exposure group(variable importance for projection>1,P<0.05).Most of these metabolites were positively correlated with the hydroxyl metabolites of naphthalene,fluorine,and phenanthrene(r=0.336–0.531).The identified differential metabolites primarily belonged to pathways associated with inflammation or proinflammatory states,including amino acid,lipid,and nucleotide metabolism.Additionally,these distinct metabolites were significantly associated with specific intestinal flora abundances(r=0.34–0.55),which were mainly involved in neurodevelopment.Conclusion Higher PAH exposure in young children affected metabolic homeostasis,particularly that of certain gut microbiota-derived metabolites.Further investigation is needed to explore the potential influence of PAHs on the gut microbiota and their possible association with neurodevelopmental outcomes.
基金supported by the Scientific and technological innovation project of Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration(ZA20230069,2024ZDZ04)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Provincial(2023A1111120025).
文摘Background:Risk substances in cosmetics have long been associated with adverse reactions.However,as risk substances become more concealed and diversified,conventional targeted analysis methods are no longer sufficient to meet regulatory requirements.Objective:To construct a rapid and effective non-targeted screening method for the identification of risk substances,and to provide a high-throughput method for toxicity assessment.Methods:Molecular networking was utilized for the non-targeted screening of risk substances in facial skincare products,and the toxicity of these risk substances was evaluated through molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)models.Results:Through molecular networking,we identified seven known prohibited ingredients,six of which were confirmed using standard substances.In addition,17 potential risk substances were discovered within molecular clusters containing prohibited ingredients,including antibiotics,antihistamines,and phthalates,etc.Notably,chloramphenicol base and N-desmethyl chlorpheniramine exhibited stronger binding affinity to keratin 5/14 than chloramphenicol and chlorpheniramine through molecular docking,respectively.Additionally,toxicity prediction results indicated that the carcinogenicity of antibiotics presented gender differences in mice and rats,and two chlorpheniramine derivatives also showed carcinogenicity in mice.Moreover,of the 24 compounds,11 showed skin sensitization,while 14 caused skin irritation.Furthermore,half of these compounds demonstrated potential developmental toxicity,and only 4-nitrobenzenethiol was found to be mutagenic.Conclusion:In this study,we developed a visualization strategy for non-targeted screening of risk substances and a high-throughput method for initial toxicity assessment of risk substances.
基金Supported by Major Program in Zhejiang Science and Technology Department(2008C22G2100038)Emerging Artists Project in Zhejiang Province(21000037)~~
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guidelines for environmental safety evaluation on chemical pesticides＂, the toxicity of myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves on non-target organisms was determined and the safety evaluation was carried out. [Result] MyriceUn and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-target organisms, such as earthworm, silkworm and soil microbes. Myricetin showed low toxicity and the crude extract of M. rubra leaves showed middle toxicity on tadpole. The high-concentration crude extract of M. rubra leaves had some antifeedant effect on silkworm. [ Conclusion] Myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-tar- get organisms in environment and they were relatively safe.
文摘Based on linguistic theories which developed by Saussure and some other contemporary linguists, this article attempts to analyze the factors that cause low English parole competence of the contemporary college students under non-target language environment. It views that how to properly deal with the relationship between langue and parole is still a debating focus in applied linguistics. The result of low English parole competence of contemporary college students is due to the interaction of the contemporary College English syllabus, text books pedagogies and the English language level of both students and teachers. Thus it puts forward some suggestions to improve the college students＇ English parole competence.
基金the 973 Program (2001CB109004and 2007CB109202)the Key Projects for Breeding Genetically Modified Organisms of China (2011ZX0811-002 and 2009ZX08011-008B)
文摘Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in China. Limited studies have been conducted on the ecological impacts of transgenic insect-resistant cotton, especially for transgenic double genes （Bt＋CpTI） cotton, in this region. In this study, the potential effects of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton on the seasonal abundance of non-target pests and predators were assessed from 2009 to 2011 in Korla, Xinjiang. The results showed that species composition and seasonal abundance of 5 groups of pests and 5 groups of predators were not significantly different between transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton and non-transgenic cotton every year. It suggests that transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton per se does not affect the population dynamics of non-target pests and predators on this crop in Xinjiang.
基金Financial supports were provided from the Special Research Projects for Developing Transgenic Plants,China(2013ZX08011-001)the China National Science Fund for Innovative Research Groups of Biological Control(31021003)the National 973 Program of China(2007CB109202)
文摘A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of transgenic japonica rice（KMD1 and KMD2） with a synthetic cry1 Ab gene from Bacillus thuingiensis Berliner on population dynamics and seasonal average densities of five thrips species including Stenchaetothrips biformis（Bagnall）,Frankliniella intonsa（Trybom）,F.tenuicornis（Uzel）,Haplothrips aculeatus（Fabricius）,Haplothrips tritici（Kurd） and their general predatory flower bug,Orius similis Zheng as compared to the parental control rice line using the white,blue and yellow sticky card traps.Population dynamics and seasonal average densities of these five thrips species and their general predatory flower bug were not significantly affected by rice type.Additionally,the white sticky card trap was suggested to be the most suitable for monitoring the population of these five thrips species and their general predator.These results show that our tested Bt rice lines do not interrupt the population of non-target thrips species and their general predatory flower bug in the field,and also cannot result in more occurrence of these thrips species in the rice ecosystem.
基金Supported by the Misereor Foundation(grant ref:335-031-1028 Z)
文摘Field experiments to evaluate four different colored sticky cards for trapping non-target insects were conducted in an organic maize field in the Heinigou region of China. Yellow, blue, green, and red sticky cards were used to trap insects in the field. The total number of insects species caught was 54, with 3,862 individuals recorded. Over half of the specimens caught were non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, particularly dipteran species(including many mosquitoes)(50.3%), followed by target pests(37.0%), and beneficial insects(12.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in attraction to target pests, non-target pests, and beneficial insects among treatment groups. The results showed that higher numbers of target pests(Myzus persicae Sulzer, Empoasca flavescens Fabricius, Nysius ericaecshinly Schilling) were caught on yellow sticky card traps compared with blue, green, or red sticky card traps, indicating that yellow was the best trap color for target pests, with green and blue being progressively less attractive. For non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, flies, and mosquitoes,higher numbers of were caught on blue sticky card traps compared with yellow,green, or red sticky card traps. Our study indicated that blue was the most attractive color for flies, especially for the housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus. Our study also showed that most beneficial insects exhibited preferences to particular trap color characteristics: yellow was the most attractive color for parasitic wasps and lady beetles; blue was the most attractive color for hoverflies and honeybees. In contrast,green and red had no significant attraction to beneficial insects.
基金Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project of Guangdong province(2018KJCX023)National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(31801742)+2 种基金Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products(2021B1212040015)Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(Guike AA17204045-4)Science and Technology Project of Chongzuo,Guangxi(Chongkegong 2019029).
文摘Among the numerous fruit species of Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.,‘LR’(white flesh)and‘BR’(pink flesh)are two kinds of local strains with high edibility.In order to study the metabolic causes of taste differences,we performed the non-targeted metabonomics analysis of‘LR’and‘BR’using LC-MS/MS.541 metabolites were totally identified,and 45 kinds of metabolites(carbohydrates,fatty acids,flavonoids and terpenoids,etc.)were different between the two strains.The results indicate L-sorbose,D-(+)-glucose,citric acid,L-phenylalanine and oleamide,α-eleostearic acid were the main primary metabolites.The significant difference existed in pathways of unsaturated fatty acids between the studied two strains by pathway enrichment analysis.The results demonstrate that the different in composition,as well as the abundance of primary and secondary metabolites may be the potential causes of taste differences,which provides a new insight into the possible metabolic factors setting off the changing taste of B.ramiflora.
基金supported by grants from the contract of China Petrochemical Corporation (3020001914-ZC0607-0013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20107073)+1 种基金the Guangdong Science and Technology Project (2014B030301030)the Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT13078)
文摘Advanced analytical methodology based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is proposed for investigation of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals.The target screening was initially carried out on 8 suspected organic chlorides by evaluating the capability of the enhanced separation and reliable identification at a trace concentration. GC×GC-TOFMS allowed for the fast and automated analysis of organic chlorides at a level of 200 μg/L. This method was subsequently applied for non-target screening of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals at various locations across China. 22 organic chlorides were identified and verified by comparison with pure standards in the mixed sample. Finally, this method was used to determine the content of the organic chlorides in individual samples. The result showed that the organic chloride levels in 19 of the 39 tested oilfield chemicals were above the threshold limit of 1.0 mg/L.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371952)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201303031)
文摘American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fernald) is one of the most competitive and malignant weeds in rice-wheat rotation fields in China. American sloughgrass populations in the Jiangsu Province of China became less sensitive to acetohydroxyacid synthase(AHAS) inhibitors after repeated application for many years in these areas. Two suspected resistant American sloughgrass populations(R1 and R2) collected in the field were detected the resistance to inhibitors of AHAS in whole-plant dose-response assays, compared to the susceptible(S) population. These assays indicated that R1 showed low resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl(3.32-fold), imazapic(2.84-fold) and pyroxsulam(1.55-fold), moderate resistance to flazasulfuron(4.67-fold) and pyribenzoxim(7.41-fold), and high resistance to flucarbazone(11.73-fold). However, using a combination of the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, malathion, with mesosulfuron-methyl resulted in a reduction in R1 resistance relative to mesosulfuron-methyl alone. Furthermore, R2 was highly resistant to flazasulfuron(34.90-fold), imazapic(11.30-fold), flucarbazone(49.20-fold), pyribenzoxim(12.94-fold), moderately resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl(9.77-fold) and pyroxsulam(6.26-fold), and malathion had no effect on R2 resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl. The fulllength of AHAS genes was sequenced and the AHAS enzymes were assayed in vitro in order to clarify the mechanism of resistance to AHAS inhibitors in R1 and R2 populations. The results demonstrated that R2 had a Pro-197-Ser mutation in the AHAS gene, and the sensitivity of R2 to the five AHAS inhibitors was decreased, which may result in R2 resistance to AHAS inhibitors. There was no mutation in the AHAS gene of R1, and there were no significant differences in enzyme sensitivity between susceptible(S) and resistant(R1) populations. An enhanced metabolism may be the main mechanism of R1 resistance to AHAS inhibitors.
文摘BACKGROUND Portal vein embolization(PVE)is an effective and relatively safe procedure performed prior to major hepatic resection to enhance future liver remnant.Nontarget embolization during PVE is rare,and if it occurs,it usually affects the future liver remnant.Intrahepatic portosystemic venous fistulas are extremely rare in non-cirrhotic livers.We report a case of non-targeted lung embolization during PVE due to an unrecognized intrahepatic portosystemic fistula.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male presented with metastatic colon cancer of the liver.The patient underwent preoperative right PVE.During the embolization procedure,a small amount of glue and lipiodol emulsion was embolized to the heart and lungs through an unrecognized intrahepatic portosystemic fistula.The patient remained clinically stable and underwent the planned hepatic resection after 4 wk,with an uneventful postoperative course.CONCLUSION Conventional portograms and careful evaluation prior to PVE are advisable to avoid such complications.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260067)National Key R&D Program of China(20202BBF63011)Innovative Research and Industrial Demonstration of Standardized Production Technology for Seleniumenriched Rice and Vegetables(20202BBF62001)。
文摘[Objectives]Selenium(Se)-enriched rice is the main type of Se-enriched agricultural product developed in China,and this study aimed to understand the impact of selenium application on the metabolites in rice.[Methods]Se-enriched rice was prepared by foliar application of a sodium selenite aqueous solution,and high-throughput analysis of differential metabolites in Se-enriched rice was conducted based on extensive non-targeted metabolome.[Results]There were significant differences in metabolites between Se-enriched rice and ordinary rice,and a total of 535 differential metabolites were identified.Among them,420 metabolites in Se-enriched rice were upregulated,accounting for 78.5%,far higher than downregulated metabolites.The enrichment differences of three KEGG metabolic pathways,including cysteine and methionine metabolism,zeatin biosynthesis,and arachidonic acid metabolism,reached a significant level,indicating that selenium enrichment had a significant regulatory effect on the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids,the synthesis of natural cytokinin zeatin,and arachidonic acid bioactive components in rice.[Conclusions]The results can provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched rice.
基金Financial supports were provided from the Special Research Projects for Developing Transgenic Plants,China(2014ZX08011-001)the National Natural Science Fundation of China for Innovative Research Group(31321063)the Rice Pests Management Research Group of the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China
文摘Various rice lines have been genetically modified with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） to continuously produce Bt insecticidal proteins against lepidopteran larvae. The Bt insecticidal protein constantly expresses in the plants to create an opportunity for non-target herbivores to acquire and convey the protein to their predators or parasitoids across trophic levels. This paper evaluates the effects of Bt rice（namely, Kemindao 1（KMD1） and Kemindao 2（KMD2）） expressing Cry1 Ab as compared to its non-Bt control line, Xiushui 11 on non-target predator Orius tantilus（a generalist predatory anthocorid of thrips） under laboratory and field conditions. To measure several biological parameters such as total nymphal duration and fecundity of this bug, it was reared on thrips and pollens of KMD1 and KMD2 as compared to their control under laboratory conditions. By comparison with the control, Bt rice did not significantly affect main life-history characteristics（total nymphal duration, female adult longevity, oviposition period and fecundity） of this anthocorid preying on Bt rice-fed thrips along with Bt rice pollens, except that the fecundity of this predator for KMD1 was distinctly lower as compared with KMD2 or the control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） results showed that no Cry1 Ab protein was detected in this predator fed on thrips or rice pollen from Bt rice but was in Bt rice pollens. With the beat plate, plastic bag and color trap sampling methods, two-year field monitoring of O. tantilus abundance demonstrated that Bt rice had no significant detrimental effects on the population dynamics and seasonal average densities of this predatory anthocorid as compared with the control. Thus, it is suggested that growing our tested Bt rice（KMD1 and KMD2） producing Cry1 Ab will pose a negligible risk to the anthocorid, O. tantilus.
基金funded by Science and Technology Innovation 2030-"Agricultural Biological Breeding"Major Project(2023ZD04062)the Experimental Technology Research Program of Zhejiang University(SYB202126).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have started to play an important role in pest control,and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging.However,an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plants expressing insect miRNAs must be undertaken before promoting their application.Here,transgenic miR-14 rice,which has high resistance to the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis,was used as an example for evaluation in this study.Taking the tier 1 risk assessment method in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)crops as a reference,the effects of the direct exposure of a non-target parasitoid,Cotesia chilonis,to a high concentration of miRNA were evaluated.The results showed that direct feeding with miR-14 at high concentration had no significant effects on the biological parameters of Co.chilonis,whereas when miR-14 was injected into Ch.suppressalis-parasitized larvae,the development duration of Co.chilonis was significantly affected.In combination with the real conditions of the rice paddy field,it could be inferred that transgenic miR-14 rice has no significant negative effects on the important non-target parasitoid,Co.chilonis.These results will provide a foundation for the establishment of a new safety evaluation system for novel RNAi-based transgenic plants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFF0606201,2023YFC3806100)。
文摘Non-targeted analysis(NTA)was conducted to identify semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)in a museum in China using the gas chromatography(GC)-Orbitrap-mass spectrometer(MS).Approximately 160 SVOCs were detected,of which 93 had not been reported in previous studies of museum environments.Many of the detected SVOCs were found to be associated with the chemical agents applied in conservation treatment and the materials used in furnishings.The results of hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)indicated a spatial variation of SVOCs in the indoor air in the museum,but there were no obvious temporal differences of SVOCs observed in indoor dust.Spearman's correlation analysis showed that several classes of SVOCs were well correlated,suggesting their common sources.Fragrances and plasticizers were found to be the primary sources of SVOC pollution detected in the museum.Compared with compounds in outdoor air,indoor SVOCs had a lower level of unsaturation and more portions of chemically reduced compounds.This study is the first of its kind to comprehensively characterize SVOCs in a museum using an automated NTA approach with GC-Orbitrap-MS.The SVOCs identified in the current study are likely to be present in other similar museums;therefore,further examination of their potential impacts on cultural heritage artifacts,museum personnel,and visitors may be warranted.
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(20214Y0149)the foundation of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital(04.03.19.181).
文摘This research was to reveal the key factors in the progression of osteoarthritis(OA)using non-targeted metabolomics and to find targeted therapies for patients with OA.Twenty-two patients with knee OA scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were divided into two groups:Kellgren-Lawrence(KL)grade 3(n=16)and grade 4(n=6),according to plain X-rays of the knee.After the operation,the cartilages of femur samples were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics.When compared with grade 3 patients,the levels of choline,2-propylpiperidine,rhamnose,and monomethyl glutaric acid were higher;while 1-methylhistamine,sphingomyelin(SM)(d18:1/14:0),zeranol,3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol,5-aminopentanamide,dihydrouracil,2-hydroxypyridine,and 3-amino-2-piperidone were lower in grade 4 patients.Furthermore,some metabolic pathways were found to be significantly different in two groups such as the pantothenate and coenzyme A(CoA)biosynthesis pathway,the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway,histidine metabolism pathway,lysine degradation pathway,glycine,serine and threonine metabolism pathway,fructose and mannose metabolism pathway,the pyrimidine metabolism pathway,and beta-alanine metabolism pathway.This work used non-targeted metabolomics and screened out differential metabolites and metabolic pathways,providing a reliable theoretical basis for further study of specific markers and their specific pathways in the progression of OA.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA),a major contributor to disability around the globe,challenges the medical world with its intricate causes and scarce treatment options(Hunter and Bierma-Zeinstra 2019;Hunter et al.2020).The innovative study by Sun et al.,titled“Identification of Key Factors in Cartilage Tissue During the Progression of Osteoarthritis Using a Non-targeted Metabolomics Strategy”,takes a novel approach to uncovering the metabolic underpinnings of OA progression(Sun et al.2024).By employing non-targeted metabolomics,the research offers original insights into the metabolic distinctions between OA patients of different Kellgren-Lawrence(KL)grades.This commentary aims to dissect these findings,shedding light on their significance and potential to revolutionize OA diagnosis,treatment,and understanding.
