Objective:To study the differences between the lipid profiles of the subjects whose parents are having known non-modifiable risk factors such as obesity,hypertension(HTN),myocardial infarction and diabetes,and compare...Objective:To study the differences between the lipid profiles of the subjects whose parents are having known non-modifiable risk factors such as obesity,hypertension(HTN),myocardial infarction and diabetes,and compare them with the lipid profiles of the subjects whose parents are not having those risk factors.Methods:A total of 402 subjects were recruited to this study.A detailed questionnaire which included information on the past medical history,height,weight,blood pressure,physical activity,smoke,alcohol,family history of coronary heart disease,HTN.diabetics and obesity.Basic demographic data and dietary habits were completed by all participants.Blood samples were obtained from all subjects after 14 h.Lipid profiles were analyzed using automated analyzer.The results were analyzed using SPSS software packages.Results:The mean body mass index of the population was well below the cut-off value of obesity(>24.5 kg/m") and high risk of future cardiovascular disorder(CVD) events in this age group.The mean levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG) and TC/high density lipoprotein(HDL) were less than the risk levels indicative of future CVD events according to the ATP Ⅲ cut-off values.However the mean HDL level in our population was slightly greater than the cut-off value while the mean low density lipoprotein level was almost similar to the risk level.Differences were observed when the subjects without history of maternal obesity were compared with subjects with history of maternal obesity.The greater percentage of subjects who are having risk levels of body mass index.TC.low density lipoprotein.TG.and TC/HDI.indicated that maternal obesity contributed to the greater susceptibility of developing CVD risk in their offspring.Conclusions:Advancing age may result in changes that could be atherogenic in the future.Such atherogenic changes have already initialed when the subjects are about 21 years old.The incidence of atherogenic changes is far greater when mothers who are having any of the risk factors such as obesity,diabetes,HTN and myocardial infarction than that fathers who are havine similar risk factors.展开更多
Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of thi...Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of this study is to review previously published articles to understand common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of CVD among Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review is conducted using different databases including;Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and psycINFO. This systematic review is based on the Cochrane review process. All articles published in the English language from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2000 to 1<sup>st</sup> September 2016, will be included in the study. After reviewing all of the articles’ titles, abstracts, and full text, the final articles were reviewed and the relevant data was included in the data extraction sheet. A descriptive analysis was conducted to measure the common risk factors of CVD in Pacific countries. Results: Overall, 45 articles met the inclusion criteria of the study. The results showed that age was the most common non-modifiable risk factor while diabetes, high blood lipid, and high blood pressure were the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD. There were only three interventional studies which had all of the significant influences in reducing the risk factors of CVD when the results were compared with the control group. Conclusion: While it is not possible to change the non-modifiable risk factors for CVD, we encourage policy makers to use the results of this study to develop health promotion strategies to address the modifiable risk factors for CVD. Interventional strategies are highly recommended in the Pacific countries to tackle the modifiable risk factors for CVD.展开更多
The global burden of disease due to cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) is escalating,and the changing trends of CVD risk factors are identified among Indians experiencing rapid health transition.Contributory causes include...The global burden of disease due to cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) is escalating,and the changing trends of CVD risk factors are identified among Indians experiencing rapid health transition.Contributory causes include:growing population with demographic shifts and altered age profile,socio-economic factors,lifestyle changes due to urbanization.Indians are also having genetic predisposition to cardiovascular diseases and adult are susceptible to vascular disease linking possible gene-environment interactions influencing ethnic diversity.Altered diets with more of junk foods along with diminished physical activity are additive factors contributing to the acceleration of CVD epidemics,along with all form of tobacco use.The pace of health transition,however,varies across geographical regions from urban to rural population with consequent variations in the relative burdens of the dominant CVDs.A comprehensive public health response must be looked to plan over all strategies to integrate policies and programs that effectively impact on the multiple determinants of CVDs to provide protection over the life span through primordial,primary and secondary prevention.Populations as well as individuals at risk must be protected through initiatives,enable nutritionbased preventive strategies to protect and promote cardiovascular health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer is a dominantly inherited syndrome of colorectal cancer(CRC),with heightened risk for younger population.Previous studies link its susceptibility to the DNA sequence po...BACKGROUND Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer is a dominantly inherited syndrome of colorectal cancer(CRC),with heightened risk for younger population.Previous studies link its susceptibility to the DNA sequence polymorphism along with Amsterdam and Bethesda criteria.However,those fail in term of applicability.AIM To determine a clear cut-off of MSH2 gene expression for CRC heredity grouping factor.Further,the study also aims to examine the association of risk factors to the CRC heredity.METHODS The cross-sectional study observed 71 respondents from May 2018 to December 2019 in determining the CRC hereditary status through MSH2 mRNA expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the disease’s risk factors.Data were analyzed through Chi-Square,Fischer exact,t-test,Mann-Whitney,and multiple logistics.RESULTS There are significant differences of MSH2 within CRC group among tissue and blood;yet,negative for significance between groups.Through the blood gene expression fifth percentile,the hereditary CRC cut-off is 11059 fc,dividing the 40 CRC respondents to 32.5%with hereditary CRC.Significant risk factors include age,family history,and staging.Nonetheless,after multivariate control,age is just a confounder.Further,the study develops a probability equation with area under the curve 82.2%.CONCLUSION Numerous factors have significant relations to heredity of CRC patients.However,true important factors are staging and family history,while age and others are confounders.The study also established a definite cut-off point for heredity CRC based on mRNA MSH2 expression,11059 fc.These findings shall act as concrete foundations on further risk factors and/or genetical CRC future studies.展开更多
基金Supported by Confederation of Epidemiological Associations registered under Govt of Kerala(Grant No.30-955/2012 CEA)
文摘Objective:To study the differences between the lipid profiles of the subjects whose parents are having known non-modifiable risk factors such as obesity,hypertension(HTN),myocardial infarction and diabetes,and compare them with the lipid profiles of the subjects whose parents are not having those risk factors.Methods:A total of 402 subjects were recruited to this study.A detailed questionnaire which included information on the past medical history,height,weight,blood pressure,physical activity,smoke,alcohol,family history of coronary heart disease,HTN.diabetics and obesity.Basic demographic data and dietary habits were completed by all participants.Blood samples were obtained from all subjects after 14 h.Lipid profiles were analyzed using automated analyzer.The results were analyzed using SPSS software packages.Results:The mean body mass index of the population was well below the cut-off value of obesity(>24.5 kg/m") and high risk of future cardiovascular disorder(CVD) events in this age group.The mean levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG) and TC/high density lipoprotein(HDL) were less than the risk levels indicative of future CVD events according to the ATP Ⅲ cut-off values.However the mean HDL level in our population was slightly greater than the cut-off value while the mean low density lipoprotein level was almost similar to the risk level.Differences were observed when the subjects without history of maternal obesity were compared with subjects with history of maternal obesity.The greater percentage of subjects who are having risk levels of body mass index.TC.low density lipoprotein.TG.and TC/HDI.indicated that maternal obesity contributed to the greater susceptibility of developing CVD risk in their offspring.Conclusions:Advancing age may result in changes that could be atherogenic in the future.Such atherogenic changes have already initialed when the subjects are about 21 years old.The incidence of atherogenic changes is far greater when mothers who are having any of the risk factors such as obesity,diabetes,HTN and myocardial infarction than that fathers who are havine similar risk factors.
文摘Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of this study is to review previously published articles to understand common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of CVD among Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review is conducted using different databases including;Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and psycINFO. This systematic review is based on the Cochrane review process. All articles published in the English language from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2000 to 1<sup>st</sup> September 2016, will be included in the study. After reviewing all of the articles’ titles, abstracts, and full text, the final articles were reviewed and the relevant data was included in the data extraction sheet. A descriptive analysis was conducted to measure the common risk factors of CVD in Pacific countries. Results: Overall, 45 articles met the inclusion criteria of the study. The results showed that age was the most common non-modifiable risk factor while diabetes, high blood lipid, and high blood pressure were the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD. There were only three interventional studies which had all of the significant influences in reducing the risk factors of CVD when the results were compared with the control group. Conclusion: While it is not possible to change the non-modifiable risk factors for CVD, we encourage policy makers to use the results of this study to develop health promotion strategies to address the modifiable risk factors for CVD. Interventional strategies are highly recommended in the Pacific countries to tackle the modifiable risk factors for CVD.
基金Supported by a grant from Confederation of Epidemiological Associations registered under Govt of Kerala(Grant number:30-956/2013 CEA)
文摘The global burden of disease due to cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) is escalating,and the changing trends of CVD risk factors are identified among Indians experiencing rapid health transition.Contributory causes include:growing population with demographic shifts and altered age profile,socio-economic factors,lifestyle changes due to urbanization.Indians are also having genetic predisposition to cardiovascular diseases and adult are susceptible to vascular disease linking possible gene-environment interactions influencing ethnic diversity.Altered diets with more of junk foods along with diminished physical activity are additive factors contributing to the acceleration of CVD epidemics,along with all form of tobacco use.The pace of health transition,however,varies across geographical regions from urban to rural population with consequent variations in the relative burdens of the dominant CVDs.A comprehensive public health response must be looked to plan over all strategies to integrate policies and programs that effectively impact on the multiple determinants of CVDs to provide protection over the life span through primordial,primary and secondary prevention.Populations as well as individuals at risk must be protected through initiatives,enable nutritionbased preventive strategies to protect and promote cardiovascular health.
文摘BACKGROUND Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer is a dominantly inherited syndrome of colorectal cancer(CRC),with heightened risk for younger population.Previous studies link its susceptibility to the DNA sequence polymorphism along with Amsterdam and Bethesda criteria.However,those fail in term of applicability.AIM To determine a clear cut-off of MSH2 gene expression for CRC heredity grouping factor.Further,the study also aims to examine the association of risk factors to the CRC heredity.METHODS The cross-sectional study observed 71 respondents from May 2018 to December 2019 in determining the CRC hereditary status through MSH2 mRNA expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the disease’s risk factors.Data were analyzed through Chi-Square,Fischer exact,t-test,Mann-Whitney,and multiple logistics.RESULTS There are significant differences of MSH2 within CRC group among tissue and blood;yet,negative for significance between groups.Through the blood gene expression fifth percentile,the hereditary CRC cut-off is 11059 fc,dividing the 40 CRC respondents to 32.5%with hereditary CRC.Significant risk factors include age,family history,and staging.Nonetheless,after multivariate control,age is just a confounder.Further,the study develops a probability equation with area under the curve 82.2%.CONCLUSION Numerous factors have significant relations to heredity of CRC patients.However,true important factors are staging and family history,while age and others are confounders.The study also established a definite cut-off point for heredity CRC based on mRNA MSH2 expression,11059 fc.These findings shall act as concrete foundations on further risk factors and/or genetical CRC future studies.
