The albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score is a useful prognostic marker that predicts mortality in patients suffering from terminal diseases.Recently,it has been reported that ALBI score is a predictor of non-malignant liver d...The albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score is a useful prognostic marker that predicts mortality in patients suffering from terminal diseases.Recently,it has been reported that ALBI score is a predictor of non-malignant liver diseases.The cutoff point of the ALBI score that distinguishes hepatocellular carcinoma from non-malignant liver disease is still not identified.Therefore,the ALBI score is a sensi-tive rather than a specific predictor of the poor outcomes of liver diseases.There are many hematological indices and ratios that are utilized as prognostic biomarkers.Among these biomarkers are the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and platelet-hemoglobin ratio(PHR),which are useful discriminating prognostic biomarkers for liver diseases,e.g.,hepato-cellular carcinoma,hepatitis,liver fibrosis,etc.There is evidence that PLR and PHR are prognostic biomarkers that predict the poor outcomes of diseases.Therefore,concomitant measurements of ALBI score and PHR or ALBI score and PLR will improve the predictive value that can differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from non-malignant diseases.展开更多
This article reviews the hope level of chronic non-malignant diseases patients and its influencing factors. We also introduced to the concept of hope level, related theory of hope, measuring tools and the basic strate...This article reviews the hope level of chronic non-malignant diseases patients and its influencing factors. We also introduced to the concept of hope level, related theory of hope, measuring tools and the basic strategy of improving the hope level of chronic non-malignant diseases patients. We proposed that we should better understand and apply the theory of hope to make targeted nursing intervention measures for different patients.展开更多
Both, autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be used to cure or ameliorate a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases. The rationale behind this strategy is based on the co...Both, autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be used to cure or ameliorate a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases. The rationale behind this strategy is based on the concept of immunoablation using high-dose chemotherapy, with subsequent regeneration of naive T-lymphocytes derived from reinfused hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition, the use of HSCT allows for the administration of high-dose chemotherapy (whether or not combined with immunomodulating agents such as antithymocyte globulin) resulting in a prompt remission in therapy-refractory patients. This review gives an update of the major areas of successful uses of HSCT in non-malignant gastrointestinal disorders. A Medline search has been conducted and all relevant published data were analyzed. HSCT has been proved successful in treating refractory Crohn’s disease (CD). Patients with refractory celiac disease type II and a high risk of developing enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma have shown promising improvement. Data concerning HSCT and mesenchymal SCT in end-stage chronic liver diseases are encouraging. In refractory autoimmune gastrointestinal diseases high-dose chemotherapy followed by HSCT seems feasible and safe and might result in long-term improvement of disease activity. Mesenchymal SCT for a selected group of CD is promising and may represent a significant therapeutic alternative in treating fistulas in CD.展开更多
Purpose Cancer predisposition syndromes are genetic disorders that significantly raise the risk of developing malignancies.Although the malignant manifestations of cancer predisposition syndromes are well-studied,reco...Purpose Cancer predisposition syndromes are genetic disorders that significantly raise the risk of developing malignancies.Although the malignant manifestations of cancer predisposition syndromes are well-studied,recognizing their non-malignant features is crucial for early diagnosis,especially in children and adolescents.Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed database,focusing on non-malignant manifestations of cancer predisposition syndromes in children and adolescents.Key sources included the Clinical Cancer Research pediatric oncology series and ORPHANET.Studies that described clinical signs and symptoms affecting specific organ systems were included.Results Non-malignant dermatological features often serve as early indicators of cancer predisposition syndromes,including café-au-lait spots in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and facial angiofibromas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.Neurological and developmental anomalies such as cerebellar ataxia in ataxia-telangiectasia and intellectual disabilities in neurofibromatosis type 1 and tuberous sclerosis complex are significant indicators.Growth and metabolic anomalies are also notable,including overgrowth in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and growth hormone deficiency in neurofibromatosis Type 1.In addition,facial anomalies,ocular manifestations,hearing issues,and thyroid anomalies are prevalent across various cancer predisposition syndromes.For instance,hearing loss may be significant in neurofibromatosis Type 2,while thyroid nodules are common in PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome and DICER1 syndrome.Cardiovascular,abdominal,musculoskeletal,pulmonary,genitourinary manifestations,and prenatal deviations further complicate the clinical picture.Conclusions Recognizing non-malignant features of cancer predisposition syndromes is essential for early diagnosis and management.This organ-specific overview furthers awareness among healthcare providers,facilitating timely genetic counseling,surveillance programs,and preventive measures,ultimately improving patient outcomes.展开更多
This editorial comment is on the article by Xu et al.It offers an in-depth analysis of liver function assessment tools and their prognostic roles in non-malignant liver diseases,with a focus on the albumin-bilirubin(A...This editorial comment is on the article by Xu et al.It offers an in-depth analysis of liver function assessment tools and their prognostic roles in non-malignant liver diseases,with a focus on the albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score.ALBI’s components,grading system,and clinical relevance across various liver conditions are reviewed and compared with traditional models such as the Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores.We included recent studies evaluating ALBI’s role in estimating liver function,suggesting it may help differentiate patients who appear similar under other staging systems,and assist in guiding clinical decisions.Although ALBI is primarily used as an indicator of hepatic reservoir in hepatocellular carcinoma,it has been demonstrated a positive correlation with overall survival,tumor recurrence,and post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients undergoing potentially curative treatments such as liver resection,liver transplantation,and local ablation.Moreover,several studies suggest that ALBI can also predict survival outcomes,treatment-related toxicity,and liver-related complications in patients receiving trans-arterial chemoembolization,radioembolization,external-beam radiotherapy,or systemic therapies.Its growing use in nonmalignant liver diseases,including primary biliary cholangitis,cirrhosis,acute and chronic liver failure,and viral hepatitis highlights the need for large,prospective studies.Further studies are warranted to validate the integration of ALBI into routine clinical practice and to clarify its role in guiding prognosis and treatment planning.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has received increased attention since the regulatory approvals of several photosensitizers and light applicators in numerous countries and regions around the world.In recent years,much progre...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has received increased attention since the regulatory approvals of several photosensitizers and light applicators in numerous countries and regions around the world.In recent years,much progress has been seen in basic research as well as clinical application.PDT clinical application has now extended from treating malignant diseases to nonmalignant diseases.This review article will present recent clinical data published in English journals.The data will be organized according to their clinical specialties.The new development and future direction in clinical applications of PDT for the management of both malignant and nonmalignant diseases will be discussed.展开更多
文摘The albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score is a useful prognostic marker that predicts mortality in patients suffering from terminal diseases.Recently,it has been reported that ALBI score is a predictor of non-malignant liver diseases.The cutoff point of the ALBI score that distinguishes hepatocellular carcinoma from non-malignant liver disease is still not identified.Therefore,the ALBI score is a sensi-tive rather than a specific predictor of the poor outcomes of liver diseases.There are many hematological indices and ratios that are utilized as prognostic biomarkers.Among these biomarkers are the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and platelet-hemoglobin ratio(PHR),which are useful discriminating prognostic biomarkers for liver diseases,e.g.,hepato-cellular carcinoma,hepatitis,liver fibrosis,etc.There is evidence that PLR and PHR are prognostic biomarkers that predict the poor outcomes of diseases.Therefore,concomitant measurements of ALBI score and PHR or ALBI score and PLR will improve the predictive value that can differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from non-malignant diseases.
基金supported by Health and Family Planning Commission Self-raised Funds Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.(No.Z2015497)
文摘This article reviews the hope level of chronic non-malignant diseases patients and its influencing factors. We also introduced to the concept of hope level, related theory of hope, measuring tools and the basic strategy of improving the hope level of chronic non-malignant diseases patients. We proposed that we should better understand and apply the theory of hope to make targeted nursing intervention measures for different patients.
文摘Both, autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be used to cure or ameliorate a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases. The rationale behind this strategy is based on the concept of immunoablation using high-dose chemotherapy, with subsequent regeneration of naive T-lymphocytes derived from reinfused hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition, the use of HSCT allows for the administration of high-dose chemotherapy (whether or not combined with immunomodulating agents such as antithymocyte globulin) resulting in a prompt remission in therapy-refractory patients. This review gives an update of the major areas of successful uses of HSCT in non-malignant gastrointestinal disorders. A Medline search has been conducted and all relevant published data were analyzed. HSCT has been proved successful in treating refractory Crohn’s disease (CD). Patients with refractory celiac disease type II and a high risk of developing enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma have shown promising improvement. Data concerning HSCT and mesenchymal SCT in end-stage chronic liver diseases are encouraging. In refractory autoimmune gastrointestinal diseases high-dose chemotherapy followed by HSCT seems feasible and safe and might result in long-term improvement of disease activity. Mesenchymal SCT for a selected group of CD is promising and may represent a significant therapeutic alternative in treating fistulas in CD.
基金The research of KM on pediatric cancer predisposition is supported by Deutsche Krebshilfe(70115888)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(KU3764/3-1)intramurale Forschungsförderung,University of Augsburg,Germany.FMC’s research on rhabdoid tumor disposition is supported by Deutsche Krebshilfe 70113981.
文摘Purpose Cancer predisposition syndromes are genetic disorders that significantly raise the risk of developing malignancies.Although the malignant manifestations of cancer predisposition syndromes are well-studied,recognizing their non-malignant features is crucial for early diagnosis,especially in children and adolescents.Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed database,focusing on non-malignant manifestations of cancer predisposition syndromes in children and adolescents.Key sources included the Clinical Cancer Research pediatric oncology series and ORPHANET.Studies that described clinical signs and symptoms affecting specific organ systems were included.Results Non-malignant dermatological features often serve as early indicators of cancer predisposition syndromes,including café-au-lait spots in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and facial angiofibromas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.Neurological and developmental anomalies such as cerebellar ataxia in ataxia-telangiectasia and intellectual disabilities in neurofibromatosis type 1 and tuberous sclerosis complex are significant indicators.Growth and metabolic anomalies are also notable,including overgrowth in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and growth hormone deficiency in neurofibromatosis Type 1.In addition,facial anomalies,ocular manifestations,hearing issues,and thyroid anomalies are prevalent across various cancer predisposition syndromes.For instance,hearing loss may be significant in neurofibromatosis Type 2,while thyroid nodules are common in PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome and DICER1 syndrome.Cardiovascular,abdominal,musculoskeletal,pulmonary,genitourinary manifestations,and prenatal deviations further complicate the clinical picture.Conclusions Recognizing non-malignant features of cancer predisposition syndromes is essential for early diagnosis and management.This organ-specific overview furthers awareness among healthcare providers,facilitating timely genetic counseling,surveillance programs,and preventive measures,ultimately improving patient outcomes.
文摘This editorial comment is on the article by Xu et al.It offers an in-depth analysis of liver function assessment tools and their prognostic roles in non-malignant liver diseases,with a focus on the albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score.ALBI’s components,grading system,and clinical relevance across various liver conditions are reviewed and compared with traditional models such as the Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores.We included recent studies evaluating ALBI’s role in estimating liver function,suggesting it may help differentiate patients who appear similar under other staging systems,and assist in guiding clinical decisions.Although ALBI is primarily used as an indicator of hepatic reservoir in hepatocellular carcinoma,it has been demonstrated a positive correlation with overall survival,tumor recurrence,and post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients undergoing potentially curative treatments such as liver resection,liver transplantation,and local ablation.Moreover,several studies suggest that ALBI can also predict survival outcomes,treatment-related toxicity,and liver-related complications in patients receiving trans-arterial chemoembolization,radioembolization,external-beam radiotherapy,or systemic therapies.Its growing use in nonmalignant liver diseases,including primary biliary cholangitis,cirrhosis,acute and chronic liver failure,and viral hepatitis highlights the need for large,prospective studies.Further studies are warranted to validate the integration of ALBI into routine clinical practice and to clarify its role in guiding prognosis and treatment planning.
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has received increased attention since the regulatory approvals of several photosensitizers and light applicators in numerous countries and regions around the world.In recent years,much progress has been seen in basic research as well as clinical application.PDT clinical application has now extended from treating malignant diseases to nonmalignant diseases.This review article will present recent clinical data published in English journals.The data will be organized according to their clinical specialties.The new development and future direction in clinical applications of PDT for the management of both malignant and nonmalignant diseases will be discussed.
