In this article, we consider the non-linear difference equation(f(z + 1)f(z)-1)(f(z)f(z-1)-1) =P(z, f(z))/Q(z, f(z)),where P(z, f(z)) and Q(z, f(z)) are relatively prime polynomials in f(z) with rational coefficients....In this article, we consider the non-linear difference equation(f(z + 1)f(z)-1)(f(z)f(z-1)-1) =P(z, f(z))/Q(z, f(z)),where P(z, f(z)) and Q(z, f(z)) are relatively prime polynomials in f(z) with rational coefficients. For the above equation, the order of growth, the exponents of convergence of zeros and poles of its transcendental meromorphic solution f(z), and the exponents of convergence of poles of difference △f(z) and divided difference △f(z)/f(z)are estimated. Furthermore, we study the forms of rational solutions of the above equation.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to try to find all entire solutions of the Fermat type difference-differential equation[p1(z)f(z+c)]^(2)+[p2(z)f(z)+p3(z)f′(z)]^(2)=p(z);or[p1(z)f(z)]^(2)+[p2(z)f′(z)+p3(z)f(z+c)]^(...The main purpose of this paper is to try to find all entire solutions of the Fermat type difference-differential equation[p1(z)f(z+c)]^(2)+[p2(z)f(z)+p3(z)f′(z)]^(2)=p(z);or[p1(z)f(z)]^(2)+[p2(z)f′(z)+p3(z)f(z+c)]^(2)=p(z)or[p1(z)f′(z)]^(2)+[p2(z)f(z+c)+p3(z)f(z)]^(2)=p(z);where c is a nonzero complex number,p1;p2 and p3 are polynomials in C satisfying p1p3■0;and p is a nonzero irreducible polynomial in C.展开更多
By using asymptotic method,we verify the existence on the slowly growing solutions to second order difference equations discussed by Ishizaki-Yanagihara’s Wiman-Valiron method and Ishizaki-Wen’s binomial series meth...By using asymptotic method,we verify the existence on the slowly growing solutions to second order difference equations discussed by Ishizaki-Yanagihara’s Wiman-Valiron method and Ishizaki-Wen’s binomial series method.The classical problem on finding conditions on the polynomial coefficients P_(j)(z)(j=0,1,2)and F(z)to guarantee that all nontrivial solutions of complex second order difference equation P_(2)(z)f(z+2)+P_(1)(z)f(z+1)+P_(0)(z)f(z)=F(z)has slowly growing solutions with order 1/2 is detected.展开更多
This paper deals with numerical computation and analysis for the initial boundary problems of two dimensional(2D)Sobolev equations with piecewise continuous argument.Firstly,a two-level high-order compact difference m...This paper deals with numerical computation and analysis for the initial boundary problems of two dimensional(2D)Sobolev equations with piecewise continuous argument.Firstly,a two-level high-order compact difference method(HOCDM)with computational accuracy O(τ^(2)+h_(x)^(4)+h_(y)^(4))is suggested,whereτ,h_(x),h_(y) denote the temporal and spatial stepsizes of the method,respectively.In order to improve the temporal computational accuracy of this method,the Richardson extrapolation technique is used and thus a new two-level HOCDMis derived,which is proved to be convergent of order four both in time and space.Although the new two-level HOCDM has the higher computational accuracy in time than the previous one,it will bring a larger computational cost.To overcome this deficiency,a three-level HOCDM with computational accuracy O(τ^(4)+h_(x)^(4)+h_(y)^(4))is constructed.Finally,with a series of numerical experiments,the theoretical accuracy and computational efficiency of the above methods are further verified.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a symmetric difference data enhancement physics-informed neural network(SDE-PINN)to study soliton solutions for discrete nonlinear lattice equations(NLEs).By considering known and unknown symm...In this paper,we propose a symmetric difference data enhancement physics-informed neural network(SDE-PINN)to study soliton solutions for discrete nonlinear lattice equations(NLEs).By considering known and unknown symmetric points,numerical simulations are conducted to one-soliton and two-soliton solutions of a discrete KdV equation,as well as a one-soliton solution of a discrete Toda lattice equation.Compared with the existing discrete deep learning approach,the numerical results reveal that within the specified spatiotemporal domain,the prediction accuracy by SDE-PINN is excellent regardless of the interior or extrapolation prediction,with a significant reduction in training time.The proposed data enhancement technique and symmetric structure development provides a new perspective for the deep learning approach to solve discrete NLEs.The newly proposed SDE-PINN can also be applied to solve continuous nonlinear equations and other discrete NLEs numerically.展开更多
This paper deals with a new higher order compact difference scheme, which is, O(h4) using coupled approach on the 19-point 3D stencil for the solution of three dimensional nonlinear biharmonic equations. At each inter...This paper deals with a new higher order compact difference scheme, which is, O(h4) using coupled approach on the 19-point 3D stencil for the solution of three dimensional nonlinear biharmonic equations. At each internal grid point, the solution u(x,y,z) and its Laplacian Δ4u are obtained. The resulting stencil algo-rithm is presented and hence this new algorithm can be easily incorporated to solve many problems. The present discretization allows us to use the Dirichlet boundary conditions only and there is no need to discretize the derivative boundary conditions near the boundary. We also show that special treatment is required to handle the boundary conditions. Convergence analysis for a model problem is briefly discussed. The method is tested on three problems and compares very favourably with the corresponding second order approximation which we also discuss using coupled approach.展开更多
A class of high resolution positivity preserving Boltzmann type difference schemes for one and two dimensional Euler equations is studied. First, the relation between Boltzmann and Euler equations is analyzed. By usi...A class of high resolution positivity preserving Boltzmann type difference schemes for one and two dimensional Euler equations is studied. First, the relation between Boltzmann and Euler equations is analyzed. By using a kind of special interpolation, the high resolution Boltzmann type difference scheme is constructed. Finally, numerical tests show that the schemes are effective and useful.展开更多
Several new sufficient conditions are given for the global attractivity of solutions of a kind of delay difference equations. They either include or improve some known results and put the study of Ladas' conjectur...Several new sufficient conditions are given for the global attractivity of solutions of a kind of delay difference equations. They either include or improve some known results and put the study of Ladas' conjecture forward.展开更多
Aim To obtain new criteria for asymptotic behavior and nonexistence of positive solutions of nonlinear neutral delay difference equations. Methods By means of Hlder inequality and a method of direct analysis, some i...Aim To obtain new criteria for asymptotic behavior and nonexistence of positive solutions of nonlinear neutral delay difference equations. Methods By means of Hlder inequality and a method of direct analysis, some interesting Lemmas were offered. Results and Conclusion New criteria for asymptotic behavior and nonexistence of positive solutions of nonlinear neutral delay difference equations are established, which extend and improve the results obtained in the literature. Some interesting examples illustrating the importance of our results are also included.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of the variable coefficient ordinary differen-tial equation on the bounded domain,the Lagrange interpolation method is used to approximate the exact solution of the equation,and the error...In order to solve the problem of the variable coefficient ordinary differen-tial equation on the bounded domain,the Lagrange interpolation method is used to approximate the exact solution of the equation,and the error between the numerical solution and the exact solution is obtained,and then compared with the error formed by the difference method,it is concluded that the Lagrange interpolation method is more effective in solving the variable coefficient ordinary differential equation.展开更多
In this paper, we use our method to solve the extended Lotka-Volterra equation and discrete KdV equation. With the help of Maple, we obtain a number of exact solutions to the two equations including soliton solutions ...In this paper, we use our method to solve the extended Lotka-Volterra equation and discrete KdV equation. With the help of Maple, we obtain a number of exact solutions to the two equations including soliton solutions presented by hyperbolic functions of sinh and cosh, periodic solutions presented by trigonometric functions of sin and cos, and rational solutions. This method can be used to solve some other nonlinear difference-differential equations.展开更多
Using Nevanlinna theory of the value distribution of meromorphic functions and Wiman-Valiron theory of entire functions, we investigate the problem of growth order of solutions of a type of systems of difference equat...Using Nevanlinna theory of the value distribution of meromorphic functions and Wiman-Valiron theory of entire functions, we investigate the problem of growth order of solutions of a type of systems of difference equations, and extend some results of the growth order of solutions of systems of differential equations to systems of difference equations.展开更多
In this article,we study the meromorphic solutions of the following non-linear differential equation■where n and k are integers with n≥k≥3,P_(d)(z,f)is a differential polynomial in f of degree d≤n−1,p′js andα′j...In this article,we study the meromorphic solutions of the following non-linear differential equation■where n and k are integers with n≥k≥3,P_(d)(z,f)is a differential polynomial in f of degree d≤n−1,p′js andα′js are non-zero constants.We obtain the expressions of meromorphic solutions of the above equations under some restrictions onα′js.Some examples are given to illustrate the possibilities of our results.展开更多
Some oscillation criteria are established by Raccati transformation techniques for the following second-order nonlinear neutral difference equation △（pn（△（Xn ＋ CnXn-τ））^γ） ＋ qnX^Bn-σ = 0, n ：0, 1, 2...wh...Some oscillation criteria are established by Raccati transformation techniques for the following second-order nonlinear neutral difference equation △（pn（△（Xn ＋ CnXn-τ））^γ） ＋ qnX^Bn-σ = 0, n ：0, 1, 2...which extend and include several oscillation criteria in [11], and also correct a theorem and its proof in [10].展开更多
We consider the existence, the growth, poles, zeros, fixed points and the Borel exceptional value of solutions for the following difference equations relating to Gamma function y（z ＋ 1） -y（z） = R（z） and y（z ...We consider the existence, the growth, poles, zeros, fixed points and the Borel exceptional value of solutions for the following difference equations relating to Gamma function y（z ＋ 1） -y（z） = R（z） and y（z ＋ 1） = P （z）y（z）.展开更多
Applying Nevanlinna theory of the value distribution of meromorphic functions, we mainly study the growth and some other properties of meromorphic solutions of the type of system of complex differential and difference...Applying Nevanlinna theory of the value distribution of meromorphic functions, we mainly study the growth and some other properties of meromorphic solutions of the type of system of complex differential and difference equations of the following form {j=1∑nαj（z）f1（λj1）（z＋cj）=R2（z,f2（z））,j=1∑nβj（z）f2（λj2）（z＋cj）=R1（z,f1（z））. where λij （j = 1, 2,…, n; i = 1, 2） are finite non-negative integers, and cj （j = 1, 2,… , n） are distinct, nonzero complex numbers, αj（z）, βj（z） （j = 1,2,… ,n） are small functions relative to fi（z） （i =1, 2） respectively, Ri（z, f（z）） （i = 1, 2） are rational in fi（z） （i =1, 2） with coefficients which are small functions of fi（z） （i = 1, 2） respectively.展开更多
In this article, we study the complex oscillation problems of entire solutions to homogeneous and nonhomogeneous linear difference equations, and obtain some relations of the exponent of convergence of zeros and the o...In this article, we study the complex oscillation problems of entire solutions to homogeneous and nonhomogeneous linear difference equations, and obtain some relations of the exponent of convergence of zeros and the order of growth of entire solutions to complex linear difference equations.展开更多
In this work, we first derive the one-point large deviations principle (LDP) for both the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with small noise and its spatial finite difference method (FDM). Then, we focus on giving th...In this work, we first derive the one-point large deviations principle (LDP) for both the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with small noise and its spatial finite difference method (FDM). Then, we focus on giving the convergence of the one-point large deviations rate function (LDRF) of the spatial FDM, which is about the asymptotical limit of a parametric variational problem. The main idea for proving the convergence of the LDRF of the spatial FDM is via the Γ-convergence of objective functions. This relies on the qualitative analysis of skeleton equations of the original equation and the numerical method. In order to overcome the difficulty that the drift coefficient is not one-sided Lipschitz continuous, we derive the equivalent characterization of the skeleton equation of the spatial FDM and the discrete interpolation inequality to obtain the uniform boundedness of the solution to the underlying skeleton equation. These play important roles in deriving the T-convergence of objective functions.展开更多
Laplace–Fourier(L-F)domain finite-difference(FD)forward modeling is an important foundation for L-F domain full-waveform inversion(FWI).An optimal modeling method can improve the efficiency and accuracy of FWI.A fl e...Laplace–Fourier(L-F)domain finite-difference(FD)forward modeling is an important foundation for L-F domain full-waveform inversion(FWI).An optimal modeling method can improve the efficiency and accuracy of FWI.A fl exible FD stencil,which requires pairing and centrosymmetricity of the involved gridpoints,is used on the basis of the 2D L-F domain acoustic wave equation.The L-F domain numerical dispersion analysis is then performed by minimizing the phase error of the normalized numerical phase and attenuation propagation velocities to obtain the optimization coefficients.An optimal FD forward modeling method is finally developed for the L-F domain acoustic wave equation and applied to the traditional standard 9-point scheme and 7-and 9-point schemes,where the latter two schemes are used in discontinuous-grid FD modeling.Numerical experiments show that the optimal L-F domain FD modeling method not only has high accuracy but can also be applied to equal and unequal directional sampling intervals and discontinuous-grid FD modeling to reduce computational cost.展开更多
We study the global dynamics of a rational diference equation with higher order,which includes many rational diference equations as its special cases.By some complicate computations and mathematical skills,we show tha...We study the global dynamics of a rational diference equation with higher order,which includes many rational diference equations as its special cases.By some complicate computations and mathematical skills,we show that its unique nonnegative fixed point is globally attractive.As application,our results not only improve many known ones,but also solve several“Open Problems and Conjectures”given by Professors Ladas and Camouzis,et al.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11371225)National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A030313686)
文摘In this article, we consider the non-linear difference equation(f(z + 1)f(z)-1)(f(z)f(z-1)-1) =P(z, f(z))/Q(z, f(z)),where P(z, f(z)) and Q(z, f(z)) are relatively prime polynomials in f(z) with rational coefficients. For the above equation, the order of growth, the exponents of convergence of zeros and poles of its transcendental meromorphic solution f(z), and the exponents of convergence of poles of difference △f(z) and divided difference △f(z)/f(z)are estimated. Furthermore, we study the forms of rational solutions of the above equation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871260,11761050)the Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation(#20232ACB201005)+1 种基金the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(#ZR2024MA024)Doctoral Startup Fund of Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University(#2021BSQD30).
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to try to find all entire solutions of the Fermat type difference-differential equation[p1(z)f(z+c)]^(2)+[p2(z)f(z)+p3(z)f′(z)]^(2)=p(z);or[p1(z)f(z)]^(2)+[p2(z)f′(z)+p3(z)f(z+c)]^(2)=p(z)or[p1(z)f′(z)]^(2)+[p2(z)f(z+c)+p3(z)f(z)]^(2)=p(z);where c is a nonzero complex number,p1;p2 and p3 are polynomials in C satisfying p1p3■0;and p is a nonzero irreducible polynomial in C.
文摘By using asymptotic method,we verify the existence on the slowly growing solutions to second order difference equations discussed by Ishizaki-Yanagihara’s Wiman-Valiron method and Ishizaki-Wen’s binomial series method.The classical problem on finding conditions on the polynomial coefficients P_(j)(z)(j=0,1,2)and F(z)to guarantee that all nontrivial solutions of complex second order difference equation P_(2)(z)f(z+2)+P_(1)(z)f(z+1)+P_(0)(z)f(z)=F(z)has slowly growing solutions with order 1/2 is detected.
文摘This paper deals with numerical computation and analysis for the initial boundary problems of two dimensional(2D)Sobolev equations with piecewise continuous argument.Firstly,a two-level high-order compact difference method(HOCDM)with computational accuracy O(τ^(2)+h_(x)^(4)+h_(y)^(4))is suggested,whereτ,h_(x),h_(y) denote the temporal and spatial stepsizes of the method,respectively.In order to improve the temporal computational accuracy of this method,the Richardson extrapolation technique is used and thus a new two-level HOCDMis derived,which is proved to be convergent of order four both in time and space.Although the new two-level HOCDM has the higher computational accuracy in time than the previous one,it will bring a larger computational cost.To overcome this deficiency,a three-level HOCDM with computational accuracy O(τ^(4)+h_(x)^(4)+h_(y)^(4))is constructed.Finally,with a series of numerical experiments,the theoretical accuracy and computational efficiency of the above methods are further verified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071042)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.1202004)Promoting the Development of University Classification-Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programme(Grant No.5112410857)。
文摘In this paper,we propose a symmetric difference data enhancement physics-informed neural network(SDE-PINN)to study soliton solutions for discrete nonlinear lattice equations(NLEs).By considering known and unknown symmetric points,numerical simulations are conducted to one-soliton and two-soliton solutions of a discrete KdV equation,as well as a one-soliton solution of a discrete Toda lattice equation.Compared with the existing discrete deep learning approach,the numerical results reveal that within the specified spatiotemporal domain,the prediction accuracy by SDE-PINN is excellent regardless of the interior or extrapolation prediction,with a significant reduction in training time.The proposed data enhancement technique and symmetric structure development provides a new perspective for the deep learning approach to solve discrete NLEs.The newly proposed SDE-PINN can also be applied to solve continuous nonlinear equations and other discrete NLEs numerically.
文摘This paper deals with a new higher order compact difference scheme, which is, O(h4) using coupled approach on the 19-point 3D stencil for the solution of three dimensional nonlinear biharmonic equations. At each internal grid point, the solution u(x,y,z) and its Laplacian Δ4u are obtained. The resulting stencil algo-rithm is presented and hence this new algorithm can be easily incorporated to solve many problems. The present discretization allows us to use the Dirichlet boundary conditions only and there is no need to discretize the derivative boundary conditions near the boundary. We also show that special treatment is required to handle the boundary conditions. Convergence analysis for a model problem is briefly discussed. The method is tested on three problems and compares very favourably with the corresponding second order approximation which we also discuss using coupled approach.
文摘A class of high resolution positivity preserving Boltzmann type difference schemes for one and two dimensional Euler equations is studied. First, the relation between Boltzmann and Euler equations is analyzed. By using a kind of special interpolation, the high resolution Boltzmann type difference scheme is constructed. Finally, numerical tests show that the schemes are effective and useful.
文摘Several new sufficient conditions are given for the global attractivity of solutions of a kind of delay difference equations. They either include or improve some known results and put the study of Ladas' conjecture forward.
文摘Aim To obtain new criteria for asymptotic behavior and nonexistence of positive solutions of nonlinear neutral delay difference equations. Methods By means of Hlder inequality and a method of direct analysis, some interesting Lemmas were offered. Results and Conclusion New criteria for asymptotic behavior and nonexistence of positive solutions of nonlinear neutral delay difference equations are established, which extend and improve the results obtained in the literature. Some interesting examples illustrating the importance of our results are also included.
文摘In order to solve the problem of the variable coefficient ordinary differen-tial equation on the bounded domain,the Lagrange interpolation method is used to approximate the exact solution of the equation,and the error between the numerical solution and the exact solution is obtained,and then compared with the error formed by the difference method,it is concluded that the Lagrange interpolation method is more effective in solving the variable coefficient ordinary differential equation.
文摘In this paper, we use our method to solve the extended Lotka-Volterra equation and discrete KdV equation. With the help of Maple, we obtain a number of exact solutions to the two equations including soliton solutions presented by hyperbolic functions of sinh and cosh, periodic solutions presented by trigonometric functions of sin and cos, and rational solutions. This method can be used to solve some other nonlinear difference-differential equations.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (10471065)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (04010474)
文摘Using Nevanlinna theory of the value distribution of meromorphic functions and Wiman-Valiron theory of entire functions, we investigate the problem of growth order of solutions of a type of systems of difference equations, and extend some results of the growth order of solutions of systems of differential equations to systems of difference equations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12001117)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515110654).
文摘In this article,we study the meromorphic solutions of the following non-linear differential equation■where n and k are integers with n≥k≥3,P_(d)(z,f)is a differential polynomial in f of degree d≤n−1,p′js andα′js are non-zero constants.We obtain the expressions of meromorphic solutions of the above equations under some restrictions onα′js.Some examples are given to illustrate the possibilities of our results.
基金revised September 27,2005.Research support by Natural Science Foundation of China(10271043)
文摘Some oscillation criteria are established by Raccati transformation techniques for the following second-order nonlinear neutral difference equation △（pn（△（Xn ＋ CnXn-τ））^γ） ＋ qnX^Bn-σ = 0, n ：0, 1, 2...which extend and include several oscillation criteria in [11], and also correct a theorem and its proof in [10].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10871076 11026096)
文摘We consider the existence, the growth, poles, zeros, fixed points and the Borel exceptional value of solutions for the following difference equations relating to Gamma function y（z ＋ 1） -y（z） = R（z） and y（z ＋ 1） = P （z）y（z）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10471067)NSF of Guangdong Province(04010474)
文摘Applying Nevanlinna theory of the value distribution of meromorphic functions, we mainly study the growth and some other properties of meromorphic solutions of the type of system of complex differential and difference equations of the following form {j=1∑nαj（z）f1（λj1）（z＋cj）=R2（z,f2（z））,j=1∑nβj（z）f2（λj2）（z＋cj）=R1（z,f1（z））. where λij （j = 1, 2,…, n; i = 1, 2） are finite non-negative integers, and cj （j = 1, 2,… , n） are distinct, nonzero complex numbers, αj（z）, βj（z） （j = 1,2,… ,n） are small functions relative to fi（z） （i =1, 2） respectively, Ri（z, f（z）） （i = 1, 2） are rational in fi（z） （i =1, 2） with coefficients which are small functions of fi（z） （i = 1, 2） respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11171119 and 10871076)
文摘In this article, we study the complex oscillation problems of entire solutions to homogeneous and nonhomogeneous linear difference equations, and obtain some relations of the exponent of convergence of zeros and the order of growth of entire solutions to complex linear difference equations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12201228,12171047)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3034011102)supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0713701).
文摘In this work, we first derive the one-point large deviations principle (LDP) for both the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with small noise and its spatial finite difference method (FDM). Then, we focus on giving the convergence of the one-point large deviations rate function (LDRF) of the spatial FDM, which is about the asymptotical limit of a parametric variational problem. The main idea for proving the convergence of the LDRF of the spatial FDM is via the Γ-convergence of objective functions. This relies on the qualitative analysis of skeleton equations of the original equation and the numerical method. In order to overcome the difficulty that the drift coefficient is not one-sided Lipschitz continuous, we derive the equivalent characterization of the skeleton equation of the spatial FDM and the discrete interpolation inequality to obtain the uniform boundedness of the solution to the underlying skeleton equation. These play important roles in deriving the T-convergence of objective functions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.41604037)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(no.2022CFB125)+2 种基金Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources(Yangtze University)Ministry of Education(no.K2021-09)College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(no.2019053)。
文摘Laplace–Fourier(L-F)domain finite-difference(FD)forward modeling is an important foundation for L-F domain full-waveform inversion(FWI).An optimal modeling method can improve the efficiency and accuracy of FWI.A fl exible FD stencil,which requires pairing and centrosymmetricity of the involved gridpoints,is used on the basis of the 2D L-F domain acoustic wave equation.The L-F domain numerical dispersion analysis is then performed by minimizing the phase error of the normalized numerical phase and attenuation propagation velocities to obtain the optimization coefficients.An optimal FD forward modeling method is finally developed for the L-F domain acoustic wave equation and applied to the traditional standard 9-point scheme and 7-and 9-point schemes,where the latter two schemes are used in discontinuous-grid FD modeling.Numerical experiments show that the optimal L-F domain FD modeling method not only has high accuracy but can also be applied to equal and unequal directional sampling intervals and discontinuous-grid FD modeling to reduce computational cost.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61473340)Distinguished Professor Foundation of Qianjiang Scholar in Zhejiang Province(F703108L02)。
文摘We study the global dynamics of a rational diference equation with higher order,which includes many rational diference equations as its special cases.By some complicate computations and mathematical skills,we show that its unique nonnegative fixed point is globally attractive.As application,our results not only improve many known ones,but also solve several“Open Problems and Conjectures”given by Professors Ladas and Camouzis,et al.
