A simple and rapid method for the determination of polyethylene oxide-type non-ionic surfactants is reported herein. This method is based on the adhesion of calcium/non-ionic surfactant complexes with tetra phenyl por...A simple and rapid method for the determination of polyethylene oxide-type non-ionic surfactants is reported herein. This method is based on the adhesion of calcium/non-ionic surfactant complexes with tetra phenyl porphine sulfonic acid （TPPS） to the wall of reaction vessel upon vigorous shaking. The ion-associate adhering to the inner wall of the vessel was dissolved with water after discarding the solution and spectrophotometrically assayed at 412 nm. From the standard curve for Triton X-100, the order of the sensitivity for different ions was as follows： Ca^2＋〉 K^＋〉 NH4^＋〉 Ba^2＋. The proposed method does not involve extraction of the ion-associated with harmful solvents and can be simply performed by combining a procedure based on hand shaking and the use of a spectrophotometer.展开更多
Extraction behavior of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) and procaine hydro- chloride (PCN) in the system described in the title was studied. Research shows that the extraction efficiency of CPZ can amount to 96% by...Extraction behavior of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) and procaine hydro- chloride (PCN) in the system described in the title was studied. Research shows that the extraction efficiency of CPZ can amount to 96% by twice extraction, while that of PCN is 77%. This system produces the distribution coefficients (KD) of 12.3 and 2.6 respectively for CPZ and PCN. Extraction mechanism is deduced according to ultraviolet and molecular fluorescence spectra variation of the drugs in the system studied.展开更多
Surface modification by physical adsorption of a series of non-ionic surfactants including Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80 and Tween 85, was accomplished on polypropylene microporous hollow fiber and flat membr...Surface modification by physical adsorption of a series of non-ionic surfactants including Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80 and Tween 85, was accomplished on polypropylene microporous hollow fiber and flat membranes. The adsorption curve of the membrane surface was analyzed by weight measurements and the typical results showed a twoplatform character similarly. Differences in the degree and curve shape of adsorption resulting from such factors as concentration, temperature, as well as water cleaning time were observed for Tween 85 among other Tweens. Attenuated total reflection - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the adsorption of Tween on polypropylene microporous membrane （PPMM） is effective and occurs mainly in the pores of PPMMs at low adsorption amount, and on the membrane surface also at high adsorption value.展开更多
A spectrophotometric approach for the detection of non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) has been proposed in this paper. This method does not involve extraction of the ion-associate with harmful solvents, but employs a...A spectrophotometric approach for the detection of non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) has been proposed in this paper. This method does not involve extraction of the ion-associate with harmful solvents, but employs adhesion of the ion-association of potassium/non-ionic surfactants complex and tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid obtained by vigorous shaking. The adhered ion-associate was dissolved with water and its absorbance was measured. The sensitivity for Triton X-100 was determined to be 0.146 (expressed as absorbance of 1 mg/L solution). The adhesion tendency of ion-associate was found to be dependent on the water contact angle, which in turn was influenced by a high adhesion of the ion-associate and by low blank values. In this respect, a tetrafluo-roethylene vessel was found to be the most suitable for the detection of non-ionic surfactants. This spectrophotometrical method is simply and rapidly performed by a procedure based on mechanical shaking and can be employed to detect non-ionic surfactants containing more than 7 polyethylene oxide units.展开更多
The ONP neutral deinking performances of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with different EO value were investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the synergistic effects of different non-ionic surfactants, the co-opera...The ONP neutral deinking performances of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with different EO value were investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the synergistic effects of different non-ionic surfactants, the co-operation of non-ionic surfactants with anionic surfactants,and the effects of different salts added into the above two systems on deinkability were also studied. The results showed the deinking performance of A7 was good. But the synergistic effect of A7 and A4 was better. In addition, the accession of salt W2 could improve the deinking efficiency, and the brightness of the deinked pulp was 1.0%ISO higher than that of A7 and A4.展开更多
The effect of a non-ionic surfactant on particles removal in post-CMP cleaning was investigated. By changing the concentration of the non-ionic surfactant, a series of experiments were performed on the 12 inch Cu patt...The effect of a non-ionic surfactant on particles removal in post-CMP cleaning was investigated. By changing the concentration of the non-ionic surfactant, a series of experiments were performed on the 12 inch Cu pattern wafers in order to determine the best cleaning results. Then the effect of the surfactant on the reduction of defects and the removal of particles was discussed in this paper. What is more, the negative effect of a non-ionic surfactant was also discussed. Based on the experiment results, it is concluded that the non-ionic surfactant could cause good and ill effects at different concentrations in the post-CMP cleaning process. This understanding will serve as a guide to how much surfactant should be added in order to achieve excellent cleaning performance.展开更多
This paper presents a new cleaning process for particle and organic contaminants on polished silicon wafer surfaces.It combines a non-ionic surfactant with boron-doped diamond（BDD） film anode electrochemical oxidati...This paper presents a new cleaning process for particle and organic contaminants on polished silicon wafer surfaces.It combines a non-ionic surfactant with boron-doped diamond（BDD） film anode electrochemical oxidation. The non-ionic surfactant is used to remove particles on the polished wafer＇s surface,because it can form a protective film on the surface,which makes particles easy to remove.The effects of particle removal comparative experiments were observed by metallographic microscopy,which showed that the 1%v/v non-ionic surfactant achieved the best result. However,the surfactant film itself belongs to organic contamination,and it eventually needs to be removed.BDD film anode electrochemical oxidation（BDD-EO） is used to remove organic contaminants,because it can efficiently degrade organic matter.Three organic contaminant removal comparative experiments were carried out：the first one used the non-ionic surfactant in the first step and then used BDD-EO,the second one used BDD-EO only,and the last one used RCA cleaning technique.The XPS measurement result shows that the wafer＇s surface cleaned by BDD-EO has much less organic residue than that cleaned by RCA cleaning technique,and the non-ionic surfactant can be efficiently removed by BDD-EO.展开更多
This study presents a thorough investigation into the use of single and twin-tailed cationic and anionic surfactant-modified chitosan(SMCS)hydrogel beads as effective adsorbents for the elimination of hazardous polycy...This study presents a thorough investigation into the use of single and twin-tailed cationic and anionic surfactant-modified chitosan(SMCS)hydrogel beads as effective adsorbents for the elimination of hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from aqueous solutions.The Chitosan(CS)hydrogel beads were modified with single/twin-tailed anionic surfactants,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate(AOT),and cationic surfactants,dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(DTAB)and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide(DDAB),to enhance their adsorption capacity of PAHs.The CS and SMCS beads were evaluated for their structural,mechanical,and adsorption properties using a range of techniques,including infrared spectroscopy(IR),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),rheometry,and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM).Adsorption experiments of naphthalene(Nap),acenaphthene(Ace),and phenanthrene(Phe)on SMCS beads demonstrate that they have significantly higher adsorption capacities than CS beads,due to increase in hydrophobic interactions.Adsorption capacity followed the trend,Phen>Ace>Nap for all the beads revealing that twin-tailed SMCS bead possess much higher adsorption capacities(Qmax)compared to single-tailed SMCS beads.For twin tailed surfactants,the maximum adsorption capacities for Nap,Ace and Phe varied as CS-AOT(CS-DDAB):430.0(323.8)611.60(538.18)633.39(536.99)mg/g respectively,outperforming other reported hydrogel beads.The study highlights the simplicity,eco-friendliness,and enhanced performance of surfactant modification for developing high-efficiency adsorbents,paving the way for cost-effective solutions in water re-mediation.展开更多
Two non-ionic hydro-fluorocarbon hybrid surfactants with and without hydroxyl groups were synthesized and compared.They exhibited good thermal stability and superior surface activity.It was observed that the hydroxyl ...Two non-ionic hydro-fluorocarbon hybrid surfactants with and without hydroxyl groups were synthesized and compared.They exhibited good thermal stability and superior surface activity.It was observed that the hydroxyl group had a profound effect on modifying the surface tension of their solutions and the morphology of the formed micelles.This effect may be attributed to the rearranging of the alkane group from above the air/aqueous surface to below it and the disrupting of the interfacial water structure induced by the hydroxyl groups.This work provides a strategy to weaken the immiscibility between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains by modifying their orientational structure at the interface,thus it is helpful for the design of surfactants with varied interfacial properties.展开更多
Non-aqueous emulsions have a wide range of applications in cosmetics,drug-controlled release,and the preparation of functional nanoparticles.However,due to the weaker polarity of non-aqueous solvents,these emulsions o...Non-aqueous emulsions have a wide range of applications in cosmetics,drug-controlled release,and the preparation of functional nanoparticles.However,due to the weaker polarity of non-aqueous solvents,these emulsions often exhibit inferior stability compared to their aqueous counterparts.In this experiment,the properties of quaternary ammonium surfactants in glycerol were investigated through surface tension measurements,to further enhance the stability of n-decane/glycerol emulsions,hydrophilic nanoparticles SiO_(2) were modified in situ using double tailed quaternary ammonium surfactants Di-C_(12)DAB and Di-C_(16)DAB.Stable n-decane/glycerol Pickering emulsions were successfully prepared.These emulsions were stable at 45℃for over six months,and no significant changes in droplet size occurred.The minimum droplet size of the emulsion was only 2-3μm.Contact angle measurements showed that the wettability of the silica surface was tremendously affected by the concentration and the alkyl chain length of the double-tailed surfactants.In the presence of Di-C_(12)DAB,the contact angle of glycerol on the silica surface increased monotonically with the surfactant concentration.This explains the phenomenon that the Pickering emulsions containing Di-C_(12)DAB and silica particles were stable within the contact angle range of 80°-120°.Comparatively,the contact angle of the glycerol on the silica surface in the presence of Di-C_(16)DAB first increased with surfactant concentrations and then decreased,reaching a maximum at 0.6 mmol/L.It can be concluded that Di-C_(12)DAB formed monolayers at the surface of silica particles within all investigated concentrations.On the contrary,Di-C_(16)DAB formed monolayers at concentrations below 0.6 mmol/L and formed double layers at concentrations above 0.6 mmol/L,leading to a non-monotonic change in the contact angle with respect to concentration.Using these stable non-aqueous Pickering emulsions as templates,polymer microspheres with a particle size of 2-3μm were successfully prepared with high yield.This work is helpful to expand the potential applications of non-aqueous emulsions in the encapsulation of drug,controlled release,material preparation,and cosmetic formulations.展开更多
In order to explore the mechanism of improving the surface wettability of low-energy polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)by new extended surfactants,five kinds of extended anionic surfactants with different numbers of oxypro...In order to explore the mechanism of improving the surface wettability of low-energy polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)by new extended surfactants,five kinds of extended anionic surfactants with different numbers of oxypropylene(PO)and oxyethylene(EO),octadecyl-(PO)_(m)-(EO)_(n)-sodium carboxylate(C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C,m=5,10,15,n=5,10,15),were studied.The surface tension and contact angle of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C solution with different concentrations were measured,and the adhesion tension,PTFE-water interfacial tension,and adhesion work were calculated.It was found that the extended surfactant molecules adsorb on the surface of the solution and the PTFE-liquid interface simultaneously when the concentration is lower than the critical micelle concentration(cmc),and there was a linear relationship between surface tension and adhesion tension.The adsorption amount of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C at the PTFE-water interface was significantly lower than that on the surface of the solution.As the concentration increases above cmc,semi-micelle aggregates on the surface of PTFE are formed by C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C molecules through hydrophobic interaction,and the hydrophilic group faces the solution to modify the surface of PTFE with high efficiency.展开更多
Fluorosurfactants play a crucial role in ensuring the stability and uniformity of droplet microreactors,which significantly broaden their applications in chemical and biological research.This review covers structure d...Fluorosurfactants play a crucial role in ensuring the stability and uniformity of droplet microreactors,which significantly broaden their applications in chemical and biological research.This review covers structure diversity and functional versatility of fluorosurfactants.Fluorosurfactants can be divided into two basic types according to their structure,linear and dendritic types,which both provides individual advantages.Linear fluorosurfactants are easily synthesized and commercially available,whereas dendritic fluorosurfactants have a branched structure that greatly reduces molecular cross-talk between droplets.Based on the application point of view,fluorosurfactants can be further classified into two categories:reactive and responsive fluorosurfactants.The hydrophilic head of reactive fluorosurfactants contains a reactive functional group,making them very useful in other applications,such as microcapsule preparation or protein crystallization.In contrast,responsive fluorosurfactants would change their properties with respect to external stimuli,such as temperature or light,making them perfect candidates for the on-demand control of droplet behavior.Development of these new classes of fluorosurfactants has expanded the capabilities and applications of droplet microreactors that enables interdisciplinary challenges to be solved.展开更多
The overuse of surfactants has made them well-known environmental pollutants.So far,it is still a challenge to simultaneously distinguish cationic,anionic,zwitterionic,nonionic surfactants and surfactants with similar...The overuse of surfactants has made them well-known environmental pollutants.So far,it is still a challenge to simultaneously distinguish cationic,anionic,zwitterionic,nonionic surfactants and surfactants with similar structures based on traditional analytical techniques.We developed a high-throughput method for distinguishing various surfactants based on the adaptive emission profile as fingerprints(AEPF).The fluorescence response of the sensor was based on the interaction between surfactants and 1,3-diacetylpyrene(o-DAP)probe.The interaction affected the reversible conversion of free molecules and two aggregates in the solution,thereby changing the relative abundance and the fluorescence intensity ratio of two aggregates emitting different fluorescence.The o-DAP sensor can distinguish four types of surfactants(16 surfactants),especially surfactants of the same type with similar structures.The o-DAP sensor sensitively determined the critical micelle concentration(CMC)of 16 surfactants based on the interaction between o-DAP and surfactants.Additionally,the o-DAP sensor can detect and distinguish artificial vesicles made from different surfactants.展开更多
This paper summarizes the mechanisms and environmental effects of interactions between microplastics and surfactants: surfactants adsorb onto microplastics surfaces through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic f...This paper summarizes the mechanisms and environmental effects of interactions between microplastics and surfactants: surfactants adsorb onto microplastics surfaces through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic forces, changing their surface properties and transport behavior. In addition, microplastics act as carriers influencing surfactant distribution. Environmental factors (pH, ionic strength, etc. ) significantly regulate this process. Current research still has limitations in areas such as desorption kinetics and combined pollution effects, necessitating in-depth studies under environmentally relevant conditions to provide a basis for risk assessment.展开更多
Posaconazole(PCZ)is a broad-spectrum anti-fungal drug approved by FDA and currently used off-label for the treatment of fungal keratitis(FK).Although ocular route serves as the most bioavailable route for treating FK,...Posaconazole(PCZ)is a broad-spectrum anti-fungal drug approved by FDA and currently used off-label for the treatment of fungal keratitis(FK).Although ocular route serves as the most bioavailable route for treating FK,delivery of PCZ to the eye remains a challenge due to poor permeation though the cornea and rapid elimination from the eye.Here we outline a comprehensive formulation development process,beginning with in silico studies,progressing through in vitro evaluations,and ultimately achieving therapeutic benefits in vivo.We report modified niosome-like surfactant vesicles,hereafter termed as NioTherms,formulated using a novel and simple heat-mix method,encapsulating PCZ for ocular administration in the form of an in situ gel.Excipient screening performed using in silico simulations highly correlate with in vitro studies(R^(2)=0.77),guiding optimization by Quality by Design(QbD)approach for encapsulating PCZ in NioTherms resulting in particles with an average size of 180.7±2.3 nm,zeta potential of +27.5±2.2 mV and entrapment efficiency of 87.6%±1.7%.A 2-fold increase in both mucin binding and cellular uptake indicates a functional role of positive surface charge in enhancingmucoadhesive properties of PCZ-NioTherms.In an in vivo murine ocular keratitis model,we demonstrate a 2-fold enhancement in trans-corneal permeability of PCZ-NioTherms and a 3-fold reduction in fungal burden compared to the control standard of care,the PCZ solution.Owing to a facile formulation process,we anticipate that PCZ-NioTherms would serve as a clinically translatable and patient compliant therapeutic intervention for treating FK.展开更多
Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have emerged as promising candidates for atmospheric water harvesting due to their high porosity and tunable functionality.Among diverse MOFs,MOF-303 has demonstrated excellent water adso...Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have emerged as promising candidates for atmospheric water harvesting due to their high porosity and tunable functionality.Among diverse MOFs,MOF-303 has demonstrated excellent water adsorption capacity,rapid desorption kinetics and structural stability.Nevertheless,its practical application is still limited by the time-consuming synthesis process and difficultiesin morphological control.To overcome these challenges,a surfactant-mediated microwaveassisted strategy was proposed.Compared to conventional heating methods,microwave irradiation reduced the reaction duration from 24 h to 1 h with a 13%increase in product yield(from 76%to 89%).However,the accelerated nucleation under microwave irradiation resulted in smaller crystal dimensions(from 50 nm±10 nm to 35 nm±10 nm),therefore inducing severe particle agglomeration.To mitigate this morphological drawback,systematic investigations were conducted to evaluate the effects of surfactants’species on crystal growth.Among the selected surfactants,poly(sodium-p-styrene sulfonate)(PSS)was identifiedas an effective morphology-directing agent,achieving uniform crystal sizes with improved monodispersity through preferential adsorption on specificcrystallographic planes of the MOF.Subsequent optimization of synthetic conditions,including temperature(120-160℃),reaction time(15 min^(-1) h),and surfactant concentration,yielded MOF-303 with a yield of 96.37%,with particle uniformity of(35 nm±10 nm)and predominantly blocky crystal morphology.Water adsorption measurements confirmedthat the surfactant-modifiedMOF-303 retained comparable performance to the surfactant-free counterpart,with a maximum capacity(water/MOF)of 0.214 g·g^(-1) at 35%RH.This study establishes a scalable and tunable synthetic protocol for MOF-303,providing critical insights into microwave-accelerated crystal engineering.展开更多
Surfactants play a critical role in enhanced oil recovery(EOR) applications;however,their performance is often compromised in harsh reservoir conditions,such as high temperature and high salinity,due to precipitation ...Surfactants play a critical role in enhanced oil recovery(EOR) applications;however,their performance is often compromised in harsh reservoir conditions,such as high temperature and high salinity,due to precipitation caused by interactions with multivalent metal ions.Chelating agents were introduced into oilfields for various purposes due to their ability to sequester metal ions.In this work,we conducted a comprehensive investigation about chelating agent-surfactant(CS) flooding for carbonate reservoirs,as an alternative to the well-established alkaline surfactant(AS) flooding used in sandstone.The tested surfactants include sodium dodecyl sulfate(anionic)(SDS),dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(cationic)(DTAB),Triton X100(nonionic),and a locally synthesized zwitterionic surfactant.The tested chelating agents include diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA),ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,and glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid.pH and temperature,as dominant factors in chelating agent solubility and brine stability,were modified to test chelating agent solutions of different concentrations and their mixtures with surfactants.Interfacial tension reduction by chelating agents alone,surfactants alone,and their mixtures were measured.Wettability alteration brought by chelating agents and surfactants on carbonate rock surfaces was evaluated using the static contact angle method.Based on the obtained results,chelating agents can be applied as low-cost additives for surfactant stabilization in high salinity conditions.The addition of chelating agents significantly improved the stability of SDS and DTAB in salt solutions and seawater.At a relatively low concentration(0.25 wt%),DTPA was able to stabilize DTAB of 1.00 wt% in seawater at high temperature(90℃).DTPA,among the tested three chelating agents,exhibited a stronger stabilization effect on surfactants of different ion types.When chelating agents are to be applied in brine,an optimal applicable pH range of 5-9 is recommended so not to induce solubility issue of chelating agents or stability issues of metal ions.In this range,IFT reduction is more significant at high pH,while wettability alteration is more significant at low pH.The combination of a cationic surfactant with a chelating agent forms a low adsorption wettability modifier which can change strongly oil-wet rock to water-wet conditions,thus significantly increasing the residual oil recovery from oil-wet carbonate formations.Zwitterionic and nonionic surfactants are also applicable to combine with a chelating agent for EOR purposes.Anionic surfactant SDS,however,showed a growing inhibition on the wettability alteration effect induced by EDTA as the concentration of SDS increased.展开更多
Background Persistent pulmonary hypertension(PPHN)of the newborn is one of the major contributors to neonatal mortality.Current conventional treatments for PPHN primarily encompass mechanical ventilation,inhaled nitri...Background Persistent pulmonary hypertension(PPHN)of the newborn is one of the major contributors to neonatal mortality.Current conventional treatments for PPHN primarily encompass mechanical ventilation,inhaled nitric oxide(iNO),sildenafil,and magnesium sulfate.In confirmed cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,pulmonary surfactant(PS)can be considered as a potential treatment option;However,the optimal dosage and administration frequency of PS remain subjects of ongoing debate.This study aimed to assess the efficacy of early repeated endotracheal PS administration combined with iNO therapy in the management of newborns with PPHN.Methods Twenty-three neonates with PPHN received iNO alongside foundational treatments,including anti-infection therapy,mechanical ventilation,acidosis correction,and blood pressure stabilization.The observation group(n=13)received endotracheal instillation of PS three times,with each administration spaced six hours apart;The control group(n=10)received endotracheal instillation of PS once.Parameters compared included blood gas indices,oxygenation index(OI),alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference(PA-aDO,),pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PAP),and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-pro-BNP).Mechanical ventilation duration,oxygen therapy time,hospitalization length,and survival outcomes were recorded and compared between groups.Results The blood gas parameters,OI,and PA-aDO,showed no significant differences between the two groups of children before treatment(P>0.05).By 24-hour post-treatment,both groups exhibited significant increases in partial pressure of oxygen(PaO,)and potential of hydrogen(PH)levels,alongside significant decreases in lactate,partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO,),OI,and PA-aDO2,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).By 48-hour post-treatment,the observation group demonstrated significantly better improvements in blood gas parameters,OI,and PA-aDO,compared to the control group,and these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in PAP and NT-pro-BNP levels between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,both groups showed significant decreases in PAP and NT-pro-BNP levels(P<0.05),with a more pronounced reduction observed in the observation group(P<0.05).The observation group had significantly shorter durations of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Additionally,the observation group exhibited a shorter total hospital stay and a lower mortality rate than the control group,though these differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Early consecutive multiple doses of PS combined with iNO,compared to a single dose,better improves respiratory function indices,maintains stability,reduces pulmonary artery pressure,enhances cardiac function,shortens ventilator dependency,and increases cure rates in PPHN neonates.This approach is particularly suitable for severe PPHN cases,especially those with underlying pulmonary conditions.展开更多
The effects of different kinds of cosurfactants on the properties of the crystalline amino acid cleanser based on potassium cocoyl-glycine were studied by analyzing the foam properties,high-temperature stability and c...The effects of different kinds of cosurfactants on the properties of the crystalline amino acid cleanser based on potassium cocoyl-glycine were studied by analyzing the foam properties,high-temperature stability and crystallization temperature.The results showed that PEG-80 sorbitan laurate makes the composite foaming system slower and less,but the foam stability and high-temperature stability are better.The addition of lauryl hydroxysultaine can make the foaming speed faster and the foam volume larger,and this material can improve the crystallization of potassium cocoyl-glycine,so that the high-temperature stability of the composite system is better.The addition of anionic surfactant like sodium methyl cocoyl taurate or sodium lauroyl glutamate is helpful for foam fineness and foam stability,but may have a negative effect on high-temperature stability.The addition of lauryl glucoside is disadvantage on foam stability and high-temperature stability,so it is not suitable for this system.Cosurfactants can be selected on demand when developing the related products.展开更多
Objective Recent studies have overturned the traditional concept of the lung as a “sterile organ” revealing that pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal surfactant proteins(SPs) expression are involved in the pr...Objective Recent studies have overturned the traditional concept of the lung as a “sterile organ” revealing that pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal surfactant proteins(SPs) expression are involved in the progression of silicosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal SPs expression and dysbiosis of lung microbiota in silica-induced lung fibrosis, providing insights into mechanisms of silicosis.Methods Lung pathology, SPs expression, and microbiota composition were evaluated in silicaexposed mice. A mouse model of antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion was established, and alveolar structure and SPs expression were assessed. The roles of the lung microbiota and SPs in silicosis progression were further evaluated in mice with antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion, both with and without silica exposure.Results Silica exposure induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, along with increased expression of SPA expression. Antibiotics(Abx)-induced microbiota depletion elevated SP-A and SP-D expression.Furthermore, silica exposure altered lung microbiota composition, enriching potentially pathogenic taxa.However, antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion prior to silica exposure reduced silica-mediated lung fibrosis and inflammation.Conclusion Lung microbiota is associated with silica-induced lung injury. Overproduction of SP-A and SP-D, induced by Abx-induced microbiota depletion, may enhance the resistance of mouse lung tissue to silica-induced injury.展开更多
文摘A simple and rapid method for the determination of polyethylene oxide-type non-ionic surfactants is reported herein. This method is based on the adhesion of calcium/non-ionic surfactant complexes with tetra phenyl porphine sulfonic acid （TPPS） to the wall of reaction vessel upon vigorous shaking. The ion-associate adhering to the inner wall of the vessel was dissolved with water after discarding the solution and spectrophotometrically assayed at 412 nm. From the standard curve for Triton X-100, the order of the sensitivity for different ions was as follows： Ca^2＋〉 K^＋〉 NH4^＋〉 Ba^2＋. The proposed method does not involve extraction of the ion-associated with harmful solvents and can be simply performed by combining a procedure based on hand shaking and the use of a spectrophotometer.
文摘Extraction behavior of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) and procaine hydro- chloride (PCN) in the system described in the title was studied. Research shows that the extraction efficiency of CPZ can amount to 96% by twice extraction, while that of PCN is 77%. This system produces the distribution coefficients (KD) of 12.3 and 2.6 respectively for CPZ and PCN. Extraction mechanism is deduced according to ultraviolet and molecular fluorescence spectra variation of the drugs in the system studied.
基金This work was financially supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2002AA601230) the Science-Research Program of Jiaxing city, China (No. 2005AY3013).
文摘Surface modification by physical adsorption of a series of non-ionic surfactants including Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80 and Tween 85, was accomplished on polypropylene microporous hollow fiber and flat membranes. The adsorption curve of the membrane surface was analyzed by weight measurements and the typical results showed a twoplatform character similarly. Differences in the degree and curve shape of adsorption resulting from such factors as concentration, temperature, as well as water cleaning time were observed for Tween 85 among other Tweens. Attenuated total reflection - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the adsorption of Tween on polypropylene microporous membrane （PPMM） is effective and occurs mainly in the pores of PPMMs at low adsorption amount, and on the membrane surface also at high adsorption value.
文摘A spectrophotometric approach for the detection of non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) has been proposed in this paper. This method does not involve extraction of the ion-associate with harmful solvents, but employs adhesion of the ion-association of potassium/non-ionic surfactants complex and tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid obtained by vigorous shaking. The adhered ion-associate was dissolved with water and its absorbance was measured. The sensitivity for Triton X-100 was determined to be 0.146 (expressed as absorbance of 1 mg/L solution). The adhesion tendency of ion-associate was found to be dependent on the water contact angle, which in turn was influenced by a high adhesion of the ion-associate and by low blank values. In this respect, a tetrafluo-roethylene vessel was found to be the most suitable for the detection of non-ionic surfactants. This spectrophotometrical method is simply and rapidly performed by a procedure based on mechanical shaking and can be employed to detect non-ionic surfactants containing more than 7 polyethylene oxide units.
文摘The ONP neutral deinking performances of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with different EO value were investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the synergistic effects of different non-ionic surfactants, the co-operation of non-ionic surfactants with anionic surfactants,and the effects of different salts added into the above two systems on deinkability were also studied. The results showed the deinking performance of A7 was good. But the synergistic effect of A7 and A4 was better. In addition, the accession of salt W2 could improve the deinking efficiency, and the brightness of the deinked pulp was 1.0%ISO higher than that of A7 and A4.
基金Project supported by the Specific Project Items No.2 in National Long-Term Technology Development Plan(No.2009zx02308-003)
文摘The effect of a non-ionic surfactant on particles removal in post-CMP cleaning was investigated. By changing the concentration of the non-ionic surfactant, a series of experiments were performed on the 12 inch Cu pattern wafers in order to determine the best cleaning results. Then the effect of the surfactant on the reduction of defects and the removal of particles was discussed in this paper. What is more, the negative effect of a non-ionic surfactant was also discussed. Based on the experiment results, it is concluded that the non-ionic surfactant could cause good and ill effects at different concentrations in the post-CMP cleaning process. This understanding will serve as a guide to how much surfactant should be added in order to achieve excellent cleaning performance.
文摘This paper presents a new cleaning process for particle and organic contaminants on polished silicon wafer surfaces.It combines a non-ionic surfactant with boron-doped diamond（BDD） film anode electrochemical oxidation. The non-ionic surfactant is used to remove particles on the polished wafer＇s surface,because it can form a protective film on the surface,which makes particles easy to remove.The effects of particle removal comparative experiments were observed by metallographic microscopy,which showed that the 1%v/v non-ionic surfactant achieved the best result. However,the surfactant film itself belongs to organic contamination,and it eventually needs to be removed.BDD film anode electrochemical oxidation（BDD-EO） is used to remove organic contaminants,because it can efficiently degrade organic matter.Three organic contaminant removal comparative experiments were carried out：the first one used the non-ionic surfactant in the first step and then used BDD-EO,the second one used BDD-EO only,and the last one used RCA cleaning technique.The XPS measurement result shows that the wafer＇s surface cleaned by BDD-EO has much less organic residue than that cleaned by RCA cleaning technique,and the non-ionic surfactant can be efficiently removed by BDD-EO.
基金the Department of Science and Technology(DST),Govt.of India for providing funds under the FIST program and PURSE grant vide No.SR/PURSE/2020/31 to the department of Chemistry,University of Kashmir.
文摘This study presents a thorough investigation into the use of single and twin-tailed cationic and anionic surfactant-modified chitosan(SMCS)hydrogel beads as effective adsorbents for the elimination of hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from aqueous solutions.The Chitosan(CS)hydrogel beads were modified with single/twin-tailed anionic surfactants,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate(AOT),and cationic surfactants,dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(DTAB)and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide(DDAB),to enhance their adsorption capacity of PAHs.The CS and SMCS beads were evaluated for their structural,mechanical,and adsorption properties using a range of techniques,including infrared spectroscopy(IR),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),rheometry,and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM).Adsorption experiments of naphthalene(Nap),acenaphthene(Ace),and phenanthrene(Phe)on SMCS beads demonstrate that they have significantly higher adsorption capacities than CS beads,due to increase in hydrophobic interactions.Adsorption capacity followed the trend,Phen>Ace>Nap for all the beads revealing that twin-tailed SMCS bead possess much higher adsorption capacities(Qmax)compared to single-tailed SMCS beads.For twin tailed surfactants,the maximum adsorption capacities for Nap,Ace and Phe varied as CS-AOT(CS-DDAB):430.0(323.8)611.60(538.18)633.39(536.99)mg/g respectively,outperforming other reported hydrogel beads.The study highlights the simplicity,eco-friendliness,and enhanced performance of surfactant modification for developing high-efficiency adsorbents,paving the way for cost-effective solutions in water re-mediation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21673285 and No.21973022)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515012117)the Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme 2019(No.GDUPS2019)。
文摘Two non-ionic hydro-fluorocarbon hybrid surfactants with and without hydroxyl groups were synthesized and compared.They exhibited good thermal stability and superior surface activity.It was observed that the hydroxyl group had a profound effect on modifying the surface tension of their solutions and the morphology of the formed micelles.This effect may be attributed to the rearranging of the alkane group from above the air/aqueous surface to below it and the disrupting of the interfacial water structure induced by the hydroxyl groups.This work provides a strategy to weaken the immiscibility between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains by modifying their orientational structure at the interface,thus it is helpful for the design of surfactants with varied interfacial properties.
文摘Non-aqueous emulsions have a wide range of applications in cosmetics,drug-controlled release,and the preparation of functional nanoparticles.However,due to the weaker polarity of non-aqueous solvents,these emulsions often exhibit inferior stability compared to their aqueous counterparts.In this experiment,the properties of quaternary ammonium surfactants in glycerol were investigated through surface tension measurements,to further enhance the stability of n-decane/glycerol emulsions,hydrophilic nanoparticles SiO_(2) were modified in situ using double tailed quaternary ammonium surfactants Di-C_(12)DAB and Di-C_(16)DAB.Stable n-decane/glycerol Pickering emulsions were successfully prepared.These emulsions were stable at 45℃for over six months,and no significant changes in droplet size occurred.The minimum droplet size of the emulsion was only 2-3μm.Contact angle measurements showed that the wettability of the silica surface was tremendously affected by the concentration and the alkyl chain length of the double-tailed surfactants.In the presence of Di-C_(12)DAB,the contact angle of glycerol on the silica surface increased monotonically with the surfactant concentration.This explains the phenomenon that the Pickering emulsions containing Di-C_(12)DAB and silica particles were stable within the contact angle range of 80°-120°.Comparatively,the contact angle of the glycerol on the silica surface in the presence of Di-C_(16)DAB first increased with surfactant concentrations and then decreased,reaching a maximum at 0.6 mmol/L.It can be concluded that Di-C_(12)DAB formed monolayers at the surface of silica particles within all investigated concentrations.On the contrary,Di-C_(16)DAB formed monolayers at concentrations below 0.6 mmol/L and formed double layers at concentrations above 0.6 mmol/L,leading to a non-monotonic change in the contact angle with respect to concentration.Using these stable non-aqueous Pickering emulsions as templates,polymer microspheres with a particle size of 2-3μm were successfully prepared with high yield.This work is helpful to expand the potential applications of non-aqueous emulsions in the encapsulation of drug,controlled release,material preparation,and cosmetic formulations.
文摘In order to explore the mechanism of improving the surface wettability of low-energy polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)by new extended surfactants,five kinds of extended anionic surfactants with different numbers of oxypropylene(PO)and oxyethylene(EO),octadecyl-(PO)_(m)-(EO)_(n)-sodium carboxylate(C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C,m=5,10,15,n=5,10,15),were studied.The surface tension and contact angle of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C solution with different concentrations were measured,and the adhesion tension,PTFE-water interfacial tension,and adhesion work were calculated.It was found that the extended surfactant molecules adsorb on the surface of the solution and the PTFE-liquid interface simultaneously when the concentration is lower than the critical micelle concentration(cmc),and there was a linear relationship between surface tension and adhesion tension.The adsorption amount of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C at the PTFE-water interface was significantly lower than that on the surface of the solution.As the concentration increases above cmc,semi-micelle aggregates on the surface of PTFE are formed by C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C molecules through hydrophobic interaction,and the hydrophilic group faces the solution to modify the surface of PTFE with high efficiency.
基金support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2104300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2322011,22308146,22278214)the support of the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(SKL-MCE-22A06,KL20-02).
文摘Fluorosurfactants play a crucial role in ensuring the stability and uniformity of droplet microreactors,which significantly broaden their applications in chemical and biological research.This review covers structure diversity and functional versatility of fluorosurfactants.Fluorosurfactants can be divided into two basic types according to their structure,linear and dendritic types,which both provides individual advantages.Linear fluorosurfactants are easily synthesized and commercially available,whereas dendritic fluorosurfactants have a branched structure that greatly reduces molecular cross-talk between droplets.Based on the application point of view,fluorosurfactants can be further classified into two categories:reactive and responsive fluorosurfactants.The hydrophilic head of reactive fluorosurfactants contains a reactive functional group,making them very useful in other applications,such as microcapsule preparation or protein crystallization.In contrast,responsive fluorosurfactants would change their properties with respect to external stimuli,such as temperature or light,making them perfect candidates for the on-demand control of droplet behavior.Development of these new classes of fluorosurfactants has expanded the capabilities and applications of droplet microreactors that enables interdisciplinary challenges to be solved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225806,22078314,22278394,22378385)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(Nos.DICPI202142,DICPI202436).
文摘The overuse of surfactants has made them well-known environmental pollutants.So far,it is still a challenge to simultaneously distinguish cationic,anionic,zwitterionic,nonionic surfactants and surfactants with similar structures based on traditional analytical techniques.We developed a high-throughput method for distinguishing various surfactants based on the adaptive emission profile as fingerprints(AEPF).The fluorescence response of the sensor was based on the interaction between surfactants and 1,3-diacetylpyrene(o-DAP)probe.The interaction affected the reversible conversion of free molecules and two aggregates in the solution,thereby changing the relative abundance and the fluorescence intensity ratio of two aggregates emitting different fluorescence.The o-DAP sensor can distinguish four types of surfactants(16 surfactants),especially surfactants of the same type with similar structures.The o-DAP sensor sensitively determined the critical micelle concentration(CMC)of 16 surfactants based on the interaction between o-DAP and surfactants.Additionally,the o-DAP sensor can detect and distinguish artificial vesicles made from different surfactants.
基金Supported by Zhaoqing University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (X202410580130).
文摘This paper summarizes the mechanisms and environmental effects of interactions between microplastics and surfactants: surfactants adsorb onto microplastics surfaces through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic forces, changing their surface properties and transport behavior. In addition, microplastics act as carriers influencing surfactant distribution. Environmental factors (pH, ionic strength, etc. ) significantly regulate this process. Current research still has limitations in areas such as desorption kinetics and combined pollution effects, necessitating in-depth studies under environmentally relevant conditions to provide a basis for risk assessment.
文摘Posaconazole(PCZ)is a broad-spectrum anti-fungal drug approved by FDA and currently used off-label for the treatment of fungal keratitis(FK).Although ocular route serves as the most bioavailable route for treating FK,delivery of PCZ to the eye remains a challenge due to poor permeation though the cornea and rapid elimination from the eye.Here we outline a comprehensive formulation development process,beginning with in silico studies,progressing through in vitro evaluations,and ultimately achieving therapeutic benefits in vivo.We report modified niosome-like surfactant vesicles,hereafter termed as NioTherms,formulated using a novel and simple heat-mix method,encapsulating PCZ for ocular administration in the form of an in situ gel.Excipient screening performed using in silico simulations highly correlate with in vitro studies(R^(2)=0.77),guiding optimization by Quality by Design(QbD)approach for encapsulating PCZ in NioTherms resulting in particles with an average size of 180.7±2.3 nm,zeta potential of +27.5±2.2 mV and entrapment efficiency of 87.6%±1.7%.A 2-fold increase in both mucin binding and cellular uptake indicates a functional role of positive surface charge in enhancingmucoadhesive properties of PCZ-NioTherms.In an in vivo murine ocular keratitis model,we demonstrate a 2-fold enhancement in trans-corneal permeability of PCZ-NioTherms and a 3-fold reduction in fungal burden compared to the control standard of care,the PCZ solution.Owing to a facile formulation process,we anticipate that PCZ-NioTherms would serve as a clinically translatable and patient compliant therapeutic intervention for treating FK.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22222809, 22308250)the fellowship of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022TQ0232, 2022M722365)the support from Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations
文摘Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have emerged as promising candidates for atmospheric water harvesting due to their high porosity and tunable functionality.Among diverse MOFs,MOF-303 has demonstrated excellent water adsorption capacity,rapid desorption kinetics and structural stability.Nevertheless,its practical application is still limited by the time-consuming synthesis process and difficultiesin morphological control.To overcome these challenges,a surfactant-mediated microwaveassisted strategy was proposed.Compared to conventional heating methods,microwave irradiation reduced the reaction duration from 24 h to 1 h with a 13%increase in product yield(from 76%to 89%).However,the accelerated nucleation under microwave irradiation resulted in smaller crystal dimensions(from 50 nm±10 nm to 35 nm±10 nm),therefore inducing severe particle agglomeration.To mitigate this morphological drawback,systematic investigations were conducted to evaluate the effects of surfactants’species on crystal growth.Among the selected surfactants,poly(sodium-p-styrene sulfonate)(PSS)was identifiedas an effective morphology-directing agent,achieving uniform crystal sizes with improved monodispersity through preferential adsorption on specificcrystallographic planes of the MOF.Subsequent optimization of synthetic conditions,including temperature(120-160℃),reaction time(15 min^(-1) h),and surfactant concentration,yielded MOF-303 with a yield of 96.37%,with particle uniformity of(35 nm±10 nm)and predominantly blocky crystal morphology.Water adsorption measurements confirmedthat the surfactant-modifiedMOF-303 retained comparable performance to the surfactant-free counterpart,with a maximum capacity(water/MOF)of 0.214 g·g^(-1) at 35%RH.This study establishes a scalable and tunable synthetic protocol for MOF-303,providing critical insights into microwave-accelerated crystal engineering.
基金supported by the College of Petroleum Engineering&Geoscience (CPG) at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)。
文摘Surfactants play a critical role in enhanced oil recovery(EOR) applications;however,their performance is often compromised in harsh reservoir conditions,such as high temperature and high salinity,due to precipitation caused by interactions with multivalent metal ions.Chelating agents were introduced into oilfields for various purposes due to their ability to sequester metal ions.In this work,we conducted a comprehensive investigation about chelating agent-surfactant(CS) flooding for carbonate reservoirs,as an alternative to the well-established alkaline surfactant(AS) flooding used in sandstone.The tested surfactants include sodium dodecyl sulfate(anionic)(SDS),dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(cationic)(DTAB),Triton X100(nonionic),and a locally synthesized zwitterionic surfactant.The tested chelating agents include diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA),ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,and glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid.pH and temperature,as dominant factors in chelating agent solubility and brine stability,were modified to test chelating agent solutions of different concentrations and their mixtures with surfactants.Interfacial tension reduction by chelating agents alone,surfactants alone,and their mixtures were measured.Wettability alteration brought by chelating agents and surfactants on carbonate rock surfaces was evaluated using the static contact angle method.Based on the obtained results,chelating agents can be applied as low-cost additives for surfactant stabilization in high salinity conditions.The addition of chelating agents significantly improved the stability of SDS and DTAB in salt solutions and seawater.At a relatively low concentration(0.25 wt%),DTPA was able to stabilize DTAB of 1.00 wt% in seawater at high temperature(90℃).DTPA,among the tested three chelating agents,exhibited a stronger stabilization effect on surfactants of different ion types.When chelating agents are to be applied in brine,an optimal applicable pH range of 5-9 is recommended so not to induce solubility issue of chelating agents or stability issues of metal ions.In this range,IFT reduction is more significant at high pH,while wettability alteration is more significant at low pH.The combination of a cationic surfactant with a chelating agent forms a low adsorption wettability modifier which can change strongly oil-wet rock to water-wet conditions,thus significantly increasing the residual oil recovery from oil-wet carbonate formations.Zwitterionic and nonionic surfactants are also applicable to combine with a chelating agent for EOR purposes.Anionic surfactant SDS,however,showed a growing inhibition on the wettability alteration effect induced by EDTA as the concentration of SDS increased.
文摘Background Persistent pulmonary hypertension(PPHN)of the newborn is one of the major contributors to neonatal mortality.Current conventional treatments for PPHN primarily encompass mechanical ventilation,inhaled nitric oxide(iNO),sildenafil,and magnesium sulfate.In confirmed cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,pulmonary surfactant(PS)can be considered as a potential treatment option;However,the optimal dosage and administration frequency of PS remain subjects of ongoing debate.This study aimed to assess the efficacy of early repeated endotracheal PS administration combined with iNO therapy in the management of newborns with PPHN.Methods Twenty-three neonates with PPHN received iNO alongside foundational treatments,including anti-infection therapy,mechanical ventilation,acidosis correction,and blood pressure stabilization.The observation group(n=13)received endotracheal instillation of PS three times,with each administration spaced six hours apart;The control group(n=10)received endotracheal instillation of PS once.Parameters compared included blood gas indices,oxygenation index(OI),alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference(PA-aDO,),pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PAP),and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-pro-BNP).Mechanical ventilation duration,oxygen therapy time,hospitalization length,and survival outcomes were recorded and compared between groups.Results The blood gas parameters,OI,and PA-aDO,showed no significant differences between the two groups of children before treatment(P>0.05).By 24-hour post-treatment,both groups exhibited significant increases in partial pressure of oxygen(PaO,)and potential of hydrogen(PH)levels,alongside significant decreases in lactate,partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO,),OI,and PA-aDO2,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).By 48-hour post-treatment,the observation group demonstrated significantly better improvements in blood gas parameters,OI,and PA-aDO,compared to the control group,and these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in PAP and NT-pro-BNP levels between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,both groups showed significant decreases in PAP and NT-pro-BNP levels(P<0.05),with a more pronounced reduction observed in the observation group(P<0.05).The observation group had significantly shorter durations of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Additionally,the observation group exhibited a shorter total hospital stay and a lower mortality rate than the control group,though these differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Early consecutive multiple doses of PS combined with iNO,compared to a single dose,better improves respiratory function indices,maintains stability,reduces pulmonary artery pressure,enhances cardiac function,shortens ventilator dependency,and increases cure rates in PPHN neonates.This approach is particularly suitable for severe PPHN cases,especially those with underlying pulmonary conditions.
文摘The effects of different kinds of cosurfactants on the properties of the crystalline amino acid cleanser based on potassium cocoyl-glycine were studied by analyzing the foam properties,high-temperature stability and crystallization temperature.The results showed that PEG-80 sorbitan laurate makes the composite foaming system slower and less,but the foam stability and high-temperature stability are better.The addition of lauryl hydroxysultaine can make the foaming speed faster and the foam volume larger,and this material can improve the crystallization of potassium cocoyl-glycine,so that the high-temperature stability of the composite system is better.The addition of anionic surfactant like sodium methyl cocoyl taurate or sodium lauroyl glutamate is helpful for foam fineness and foam stability,but may have a negative effect on high-temperature stability.The addition of lauryl glucoside is disadvantage on foam stability and high-temperature stability,so it is not suitable for this system.Cosurfactants can be selected on demand when developing the related products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development(Grant numbers [U21A20334])the Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province(Grant numbers [CXZZBS2022116])。
文摘Objective Recent studies have overturned the traditional concept of the lung as a “sterile organ” revealing that pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal surfactant proteins(SPs) expression are involved in the progression of silicosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal SPs expression and dysbiosis of lung microbiota in silica-induced lung fibrosis, providing insights into mechanisms of silicosis.Methods Lung pathology, SPs expression, and microbiota composition were evaluated in silicaexposed mice. A mouse model of antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion was established, and alveolar structure and SPs expression were assessed. The roles of the lung microbiota and SPs in silicosis progression were further evaluated in mice with antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion, both with and without silica exposure.Results Silica exposure induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, along with increased expression of SPA expression. Antibiotics(Abx)-induced microbiota depletion elevated SP-A and SP-D expression.Furthermore, silica exposure altered lung microbiota composition, enriching potentially pathogenic taxa.However, antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion prior to silica exposure reduced silica-mediated lung fibrosis and inflammation.Conclusion Lung microbiota is associated with silica-induced lung injury. Overproduction of SP-A and SP-D, induced by Abx-induced microbiota depletion, may enhance the resistance of mouse lung tissue to silica-induced injury.
