AIM:To use leptin-deficient(ob/ob) mice with demonstrated differences in steatosis levels to test a new diagnostic method using the acoustical structure quantification(ASQ) mode and the associated analytical parameter...AIM:To use leptin-deficient(ob/ob) mice with demonstrated differences in steatosis levels to test a new diagnostic method using the acoustical structure quantification(ASQ) mode and the associated analytical parameter,"focal disturbance ratio"(FD-ratio).METHODS:Nine ob/ob mice,at 5,8,and 12 wk of age(n = 3 in each age group),were used as models for hepatic steatosis.Echo signals obtained from ultrasonography in the mice were analyzed by ASQ,which uses a statistical analysis of echo amplitude to estimate inhomogeneity in the diagnostic region.FD-ratio,as calculated from this analysis,was the focus of the present study.FD-ratio and fat droplet areas and sizes were compared between age groups.RESULTS:No fibrosis or inflammation was observed in any of the groups.The fat droplet area significantly(P < 0.01) increased with age from 1.25% ± 0.28% at 5 wk to 31.07% ± 0.48% at 8 wk to 51.69% ± 3.19% at 12 wk.The median fat droplet size also significantly(P < 0.01) increased with age,from 1.33(0.55-10.52) m at 5 wk,2.82(0.61-44.13) m at 8 wk and 6.34(0.66-81.83) m at 12 wk.The mean FD-ratio was 0.42 ± 0.11 at 5 wk,0.11 ± 0.05 at 8 wk,and 0.03 ± 0.02 at 12 wk.The FD-ratio was significantly lower at 12 wk than at 5 wk and 8 wk(P < 0.01).A significant negative correlation was observed between the FD-ratio and either the fat droplet area(r =-0.7211,P = 0.0017) or fat droplet size(r =-0.9811,P = 0.0052).CONCLUSION:This tool for statistical analysis of signals from ultrasonography using the FD-ratio can be used to accurately quantify fat in vivo in an animal model of hepatic steatosis,and may serve as a quantitative biomarker of hepatic steatosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite the developments in the field of kidney transplantation,the already existing diagnostic techniques for patient monitoring are considered insufficient.Protein biomarkers that can be derived from mode...BACKGROUND Despite the developments in the field of kidney transplantation,the already existing diagnostic techniques for patient monitoring are considered insufficient.Protein biomarkers that can be derived from modern approaches of proteomic analysis of liquid biopsies(serum,urine)represent a promising innovation in the monitoring of kidney transplant recipients.AIM To investigate the diagnostic utility of protein biomarkers derived from proteomics approaches in renal allograft assessment.METHODS A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines,based on research results from the PubMed and Scopus databases.The primary focus was on evaluating the role of biomarkers in the non-invasive diagnosis of transplant-related com-plications.Eligibility criteria included protein biomarkers and urine and blood samples,while exclusion criteria were language other than English and the use of low resolution and sensitivity methods.The selected research articles,were categorized based on the biological sample,condition and methodology and the significantly and reproducibly differentiated proteins were manually selected and extracted.Functional and network analysis of the selected proteins was performed.RESULTS In 17 included studies,58 proteins were studied,with the cytokine CXCL10 being the most investigated.Biological pathways related to immune response and fibrosis have shown to be enriched.Applications of biomarkers for the assessment of renal damage as well as the prediction of short-term and long-term function of the graft were reported.Overall,all studies have shown satisfactory diagnostic accuracy of proteins alone or in combination with conventional methods,as far as renal graft assessment is concerned.CONCLUSION Our review suggests that protein biomarkers,evaluated in specific biological fluids,can make a significant contribution to the timely,valid and non-invasive assessment of kidney graft.展开更多
Viral diseases are an important threat to crop yield,as they are responsible for losses greater than US$30 billion annually.Thus,understanding the dynamics of virus propagation within plant cells is essential for devi...Viral diseases are an important threat to crop yield,as they are responsible for losses greater than US$30 billion annually.Thus,understanding the dynamics of virus propagation within plant cells is essential for devising effective control strategies.However,viruses are complex to propagate and quantify.Existing methodologies for viral quantification tend to be expensive and time-consuming.Here,we present a rapid cost-effective approach to quantify viral propagation using an engineered virus expressing a fluorescent reporter.Using a microplate reader,we measured viral protein levels and we validated our findings through comparison by western blot analysis of viral coat protein,the most common approach to quantify viral titer.Our proposed methodology provides a practical and accessible approach to studying virus-host interactions and could contribute to enhancing our understanding of plant virology.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC),a multifaceted and highly aggressive malignancy,represents challenging healthcare burdens globally,with a high incidence and mortality rate.Although endoscopy,combined with histological examination,...Gastric cancer(GC),a multifaceted and highly aggressive malignancy,represents challenging healthcare burdens globally,with a high incidence and mortality rate.Although endoscopy,combined with histological examination,is the gold stan-dard for GC diagnosis,its high cost,invasiveness,and specialized requirements hinder widespread use for screening.With the emergence of innovative techno-logies such as advanced imaging,liquid biopsy,and breath tests,the landscape of GC diagnosis is poised for radical transformation,becoming more accessible,less invasive,and more efficient.As the non-invasive diagnostic techniques continue to advance and undergo rigorous clinical validation,they hold the promise of sig-nificantly impacting patient outcomes,ultimately leading to better treatment results and improved quality of life for patients with GC.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a degenerative disorder that affects millions of people throughout the world,causing considerable morbidity and healthcare burden.Frequent blood sampling is the current gold standard for ...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a degenerative disorder that affects millions of people throughout the world,causing considerable morbidity and healthcare burden.Frequent blood sampling is the current gold standard for monitoring CKD to evaluate biochemical and mineral indicators.However,there are draw-backs to frequent blood draws,such as pain for patients,the possibility of infe-ction,and higher medical expenses.Saliva-based diagnostics offer advantages such as ease of collection,reduced invasiveness,and improved patient compli-ance.A comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyze studies eva-luating the diagnostic utility of salivary creatinine,urea,calcium,and parathyroid hormone(PTH)in patients with CKD.Various saliva collection methods,inc-luding stimulated and unstimulated approaches,were investigated for efficiency and reliability,and a correlation was shown between serum and salivary crea-tinine,urea,PTH,and calcium levels,indicating their potential as CKD biomar-kers.Despite these promising findings,challenges such as standardization of collection methods,variability in salivary flow rates,and predictive value in association with blood parameters are addressed to ensure clinical applicability.This review explores the potential and challenges of saliva as a non-invasive alternative for CKD diagnostics.展开更多
Flip-flow screens offer unique advantages in grading fine-grained materials.To address inaccuracies caused by sensor vibra-tions in traditional contact measurement methods,we constructed a non-invasive measurement sys...Flip-flow screens offer unique advantages in grading fine-grained materials.To address inaccuracies caused by sensor vibra-tions in traditional contact measurement methods,we constructed a non-invasive measurement system based on electrical and optical sig-nals.A trajectory tracking algorithm for the screen-body was developed to visually measure the kinematics.Employing the principle oflaser reflection for distance measurement,optical techniques were performed to capture the kinematic information of the screen-plate.Ad-ditionally,by using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth transmission of electrical signals,tracer particle tracking technology was implemented to elec-trically measure the kinematic information of mineral particles.Consequently,intelligent fusion and perception of the kinematic informa-tion for the screen-body,screen-plate,and particles in the screening system have been achieved.展开更多
During high-speed forward flight,helicopter rotor blades operate across a wide range of Reynolds and Mach numbers.Under such conditions,their aerodynamic performance is significantly influenced by dynamic stall—a com...During high-speed forward flight,helicopter rotor blades operate across a wide range of Reynolds and Mach numbers.Under such conditions,their aerodynamic performance is significantly influenced by dynamic stall—a complex,unsteady flow phenomenon highly sensitive to inlet conditions such asMach and Reynolds numbers.The key features of three-dimensional blade stall can be effectively represented by the dynamic stall behavior of a pitching airfoil.In this study,we conduct an uncertainty quantification analysis of dynamic stall aerodynamics in high-Mach-number flows over pitching airfoils,accounting for uncertainties in inlet parameters.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model based on the compressible unsteady Reynolds-averagedNavier–Stokes(URANS)equations,coupledwith sliding mesh techniques,is developed to simulate the unsteady aerodynamic behavior and associated flow fields.To efficiently capture the aerodynamic responses while maintaining high accuracy,a multi-fidelity Co-Kriging surrogate model is constructed.This model integrates the precision of high-fidelity wind tunnel experiments with the computational efficiency of lower-fidelity URANS simulations.Its accuracy is validated through direct comparison with experimental data.Building upon this surrogate model,we employ interval analysis and the Sobol sensitivity method to quantify the uncertainty and parameter sensitivity of the unsteady aerodynamic forces resulting frominlet condition variability.Both the inlet Mach number and Reynolds number are treated as uncertain inputs,modeled using interval representations.Our results demonstrate that variations inMach number contribute far more significantly to aerodynamic uncertainty than those in Reynolds number.Moreover,the presence of dynamic stall vortices markedly amplifies the aerodynamic sensitivity to Mach number fluctuations.展开更多
BACKGROUND The Streptococcus salivarius(S.salivarius)group,which produces the enzyme urease has been identified as a potential contributor to ammonia production in the gut.Researchers have reported that patients with ...BACKGROUND The Streptococcus salivarius(S.salivarius)group,which produces the enzyme urease has been identified as a potential contributor to ammonia production in the gut.Researchers have reported that patients with minimal HE had an increased abundance of the S.salivarius group,which is a specific change in the gut microbiota that distinguishes them from healthy individuals.The correlation between the aggregation of specific bacterial species and fibrosis progression in chronic liver disease(CLD)is yet to be fully elucidated.AIM To quantify S.salivarius using digital PCR(dPCR)as a liver fibrosis marker of CLD.METHODS This study retrospectively analysed 52 patients with CLD.To quantify S.salivarius in patients with CLD using dPCR,we evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of S.salivarius bacterial load using dPCR for a type strain.Next,we evaluated the clinical usefulness of dPCR for S.salivarius load quantification for detecting liver fibrosis in patients with CLD.The liver fibrosis stage was categorized into mild and advanced fibrosis based on pathological findings.RESULTS The dPCR assay revealed that S.salivarius was highly positive for the tnpA gene.The lower limit of quantification for dPCR using the tnpA gene with a 1μL template comprising 1.28×102 CFU/mL was 4.3 copies.After considering the detection range in dPCR,we adjusted the extracted DNA concentration to 5.0×10-4 ng/μL from 200 mg stool samples.The median bacterial loads of S.salivarius in stool sample from patients with mild and advanced fibrosis were 1.9 and 7.4 copies/μL,respectively.The quantification of S.salivarius load was observed more frequently in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those with mild fibrosis(P=0.032).CONCLUSION Quantifying of S.salivarius load using digital PCR is a useful biomarker for liver fibrosis in patients with CLD.展开更多
In the data transaction process within a data asset trading platform,quantifying the trustworthiness of data source nodes is challenging due to their numerous attributes and complex structures.To address this issue,a ...In the data transaction process within a data asset trading platform,quantifying the trustworthiness of data source nodes is challenging due to their numerous attributes and complex structures.To address this issue,a distributed data source trust assessment management framework,a trust quantification model,and a dynamic adjustment mechanism are proposed.Themodel integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and Dempster-Shafer(D-S)evidence theory to determine attribute weights and calculate direct trust values,while the PageRank algorithm is employed to derive indirect trust values.Thedirect and indirect trust values are then combined to compute the comprehensive trust value of the data source.Furthermore,a dynamic adjustment mechanism is introduced to continuously update the comprehensive trust value based on historical assessment data.By leveraging the collaborative efforts of multiple nodes in the distributed network,the proposed framework enables a comprehensive,dynamic,and objective evaluation of data source trustworthiness.Extensive experimental analyses demonstrate that the trust quantification model effectively handles large-scale data source trust assessments,exhibiting both strong trust differentiation capability and high robustness.展开更多
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a growing concern among adolescents and adults,necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond pharmacological interventions.AIM To evaluated the effectiveness of non-inv...BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a growing concern among adolescents and adults,necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond pharmacological interventions.AIM To evaluated the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions for treating IGD among adolescents and adults.METHODS A total of 11 randomized controlled trials published between 2020 and 2025 were included in this meta-analysis,encompassing 1208 participants from diverse geographic and cultural contexts.The interventions examined included cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT),internet-based CBT,neurofeedback,virtual reality therapy,abstinence-based programs,and school-based prevention.The primary outcomes assessed were reductions in gaming time and IGD severity.Secondary outcomes included improvements in mood,anxiety,and psychosocial functioning(e.g.,stronger peer relationships,better academic or work performance,and healthier daily-life role fulfillment).RESULTS The pooled standardized mean difference for IGD symptom reduction significantly favored non-invasive interventions(Hedges’g=0.56,95%CI:0.38-0.74,P<0.001),with moderate heterogeneity observed(I2=47%).Subgroup analyses indicated that CBT-based programs,both in-person and online,yielded the strongest effects,particularly when caregiver involvement or self-monitoring was incorporated.Funnel plot asymmetry was minimal,suggesting a low risk of publication bias.CONCLUSION These findings support the efficacy of scalable,low-risk non-invasive interventions as first-line treatment options for IGD,particularly in youth populations.Future studies should prioritize investigating long-term outcomes,comparing the effectiveness of different non-invasive modalities,and developing culturally adaptive delivery methods.展开更多
In this article,we comment on the article by Peta et al.This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of FibroTest-Actitest,transient elastography,and the fibrosis-4 index against a histological reference.Using the ...In this article,we comment on the article by Peta et al.This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of FibroTest-Actitest,transient elastography,and the fibrosis-4 index against a histological reference.Using the Obuchowski measure,the authors demonstrate that FibroTest and vibration-controlled transient elastography outperform the fibrosis-4 index in detecting fibrosis.Additionally,Actitest offers superior estimation of inflammatory activity compared to conventional biomarkers.Assessing liver fibrosis is crucial for managing autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),yet reliance on invasive liver biopsy remains higher than in other liver diseases.This is partly due to more complex diagnostic criteria for AIH,the lack of standardized scoring for non-invasive testing,and the presence of inflammation,which can lead to falsely elevated results with non-invasive tests.A Bayesian latent class model further supports the reliability of these non-invasive tests,highlighting their potential to complement biopsy,particularly for longterm disease monitoring.These findings underscore the importance of noninvasive diagnostics in optimizing AIH management.展开更多
Excessive Fe^(3+) ion concentrations in wastewater pose a long-standing threat to human health.Achieving low-cost,high-efficiency quantification of Fe^(3+) ion concentration in unknown solutions can guide environmenta...Excessive Fe^(3+) ion concentrations in wastewater pose a long-standing threat to human health.Achieving low-cost,high-efficiency quantification of Fe^(3+) ion concentration in unknown solutions can guide environmental management decisions and optimize water treatment processes.In this study,by leveraging the rapid,real-time detection capabilities of nanopores and the specific chemical binding affinity of tannic acid to Fe^(3+),a linear relationship between the ion current and Fe^(3+) ion concentration was established.Utilizing this linear relationship,quantification of Fe^(3+) ion concentration in unknown solutions was achieved.Furthermore,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt was employed to displace Fe^(3+) from the nanopores,allowing them to be restored to their initial conditions and reused for Fe^(3+) ion quantification.The reusable bioinspired nanopores remain functional over 330 days of storage.This recycling capability and the long-term stability of the nanopores contribute to a significant reduction in costs.This study provides a strategy for the quantification of unknown Fe^(3+) concentration using nanopores,with potential applications in environmental assessment,health monitoring,and so forth.展开更多
Quantitative analysis of clinical function parameters from MRI images is crucial for diagnosing and assessing cardiovascular disease.However,the manual calculation of these parameters is challenging due to the high va...Quantitative analysis of clinical function parameters from MRI images is crucial for diagnosing and assessing cardiovascular disease.However,the manual calculation of these parameters is challenging due to the high variability among patients and the time-consuming nature of the process.In this study,the authors introduce a framework named MultiJSQ,comprising the feature presentation network(FRN)and the indicator prediction network(IEN),which is designed for simultaneous joint segmentation and quantification.The FRN is tailored for representing global image features,facilitating the direct acquisition of left ventricle(LV)contour images through pixel classification.Additionally,the IEN incorporates specifically designed modules to extract relevant clinical indices.The authors’method considers the interdependence of different tasks,demonstrating the validity of these relationships and yielding favourable results.Through extensive experiments on cardiac MR images from 145 patients,MultiJSQ achieves impressive outcomes,with low mean absolute errors of 124 mm^(2),1.72 mm,and 1.21 mm for areas,dimensions,and regional wall thicknesses,respectively,along with a Dice metric score of 0.908.The experimental findings underscore the excellent performance of our framework in LV segmentation and quantification,highlighting its promising clinical application prospects.展开更多
For uncertainty quantification of complex models with high-dimensional,nonlinear,multi-component coupling like digital twins,traditional statistical sampling methods,such as random sampling and Latin hypercube samplin...For uncertainty quantification of complex models with high-dimensional,nonlinear,multi-component coupling like digital twins,traditional statistical sampling methods,such as random sampling and Latin hypercube sampling,require a large number of samples,which entails huge computational costs.Therefore,how to construct a small-size sample space has been a hot issue of interest for researchers.To this end,this paper proposes a sequential search-based Latin hypercube sampling scheme to generate efficient and accurate samples for uncertainty quantification.First,the sampling range of the samples is formed by carving the polymorphic uncertainty based on theoretical analysis.Then,the optimal Latin hypercube design is selected using the Latin hypercube sampling method combined with the"space filling"criterion.Finally,the sample selection function is established,and the next most informative sample is optimally selected to obtain the sequential test sample.Compared with the classical sampling method,the generated samples can retain more information on the basis of sparsity.A series of numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed sequential search-based Latin hypercube sampling scheme,which is a way to provide reliable uncertainty quantification results with small sample sizes.展开更多
Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt)is an important disease worldwide.Detection of latent infection of leaves by the pathogen in late autumn is valuable for estimating the inoculum potent...Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt)is an important disease worldwide.Detection of latent infection of leaves by the pathogen in late autumn is valuable for estimating the inoculum potential to assess disease risks in the spring.We developed a new tool for rapid detection and quantification of latent infection of seedlings by the pathogen.The method was based on recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)coupled with an end-point detection via lateral flow device(LFD).The limit of detection is 100 agμL^(-1)of Bgt DNA,without noticeable interference from either other common wheat pathogens or wheat material(Triticum aestivum).It was evaluated on wheat seedlings for this accuracy and sensitivity in detecting latent infection of Bgt.We further extended this RPALFD assay to estimate the level of latent infection by Bgt based on imaging analysis.There was a strong correlation between the image-based and real-time PCR assay estimates of Bgt DNA.The present results suggested that this new tool can provide rapid and accurate quantification of Bgt in latently infected leaves and can be further development as an on-site monitoring tool.展开更多
Abstract： In the present study, we established an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MSE） method to simultaneously quantify 33 components in Ginkgo bilo...Abstract： In the present study, we established an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MSE） method to simultaneously quantify 33 components in Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts （GBEs）, including 17 flavonol glycosides, five terpene trilactones （TTLs）, four polyphenols and seven carboxylic acids. This optimized method was successfully applied to analyze the explicit compositions of GBE samples collected from different places. Furthermore, the data were processed through unsupervised principal component analysis （PCA） and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） to evaluate the quality and compare the differences between the samples according to the contents of the 33 chemical constituents. Bilobalide, protocatechuic acid, shikimic acid, quinic acid, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide J, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-ct-L-rhamnopyranocyl-2＂-（6＇＂-p-coumaroyl）-β-D-glucoside and rutin were recognized as characteristic chemical markers that contributed most to control the quality of GBEs. Based on the fact that GBEs should be standardized with the characteristic components as quality control chemical markers, it is most important to maintain the quality of GBEs stable and reliable, and this method also provided a good strategy to further rectify and standardize the GBEs market.展开更多
In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl al...In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde） in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus. The levels of seven phenylpropanoid compounds in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus were compared using this method. A total of 48 samples （27 Cinnamomi Cortex and 21 Cinnamomi Ramulus） were purchased in China and analyzed. Quantities of seven phenylpropanoid compounds ranged from 17.5 to 61.6 mg/g in Cinnamomi Cortex and ranged from 9.91 to 23.4 mg/g in Ciunamomi Ramulus. The level of 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in the Cinnamomi Cortex samples was below the LOD, whereas it ranged from 0 to 0.119 mg/g in the Cinnamomi Ramulus samples. The （cinnamyl alcohol＋cinnamic acid）/cinnamaldehyde ratios （R346） of Ciunamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus ranged from 0.0121 to 0.0467 and 0.0598 to 0.182, respectively. This ratio could be used to discriminate Cinnamomi Cortex （〈0.05） and Cinnamomi Ramulus （〉0.05）. The extraction rates （Dn） of seven compounds in boiling water were different, with the lowest dissolution for cinnamaldehyde （〈3%） and the highest for cinnamic acid （about 60%）.展开更多
For the first time, we have utilized high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） to simultaneously quantify the eugenol and bancroffione in Caryophylli Fructus. The optimized parameters included： Inertsil ODS-4 c...For the first time, we have utilized high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） to simultaneously quantify the eugenol and bancroffione in Caryophylli Fructus. The optimized parameters included： Inertsil ODS-4 column （150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）; column temperature： 35 ℃; mobile phase： methanol water （65：35, v/v）; flow rate： 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength： 280 nm. Eugenol and bancroftione showed good linear relationships with peak areas within the range of （0.0998 0.8982） mg/mL （r = 0.9999） and （0.1474-1.3266） mg/mL （r = 0.9999）, respectively. The average recoveries were 102.52% and 100.96% for eugenol and bancroftione, respectively. Our results showed that the established method is simple, rapid, and accurate with good reproducibility to evaluate the quality of Caryophylli Fructus.展开更多
High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was used for the quantification of the flavonoid quercetin, the active compound found in ＂Guangdong Wang-bu-liu-xing＂. The method was developed and demonstrat...High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was used for the quantification of the flavonoid quercetin, the active compound found in ＂Guangdong Wang-bu-liu-xing＂. The method was developed and demonstrated to provide superior performance over other commonly documented methods. This HPLC assay achieved high specificity through the use of a reversed-phase C18 column eluted with a mobile phase of methanol-0.4% （v/v） phosphoric acid （50：50, v/v） over the course of 30 min. UV detection at 360 nm was used. This analytical method provided excellent precision and a mean recovery of 99%, demonstrated by repeated analysis of 11 sample groups. Because of its high performance and simplicity, this HPLC assay can be readily utilized as a practical method for the quality control of active compounds extracted from Guangdong Wang-bu-liu-xing.展开更多
文摘AIM:To use leptin-deficient(ob/ob) mice with demonstrated differences in steatosis levels to test a new diagnostic method using the acoustical structure quantification(ASQ) mode and the associated analytical parameter,"focal disturbance ratio"(FD-ratio).METHODS:Nine ob/ob mice,at 5,8,and 12 wk of age(n = 3 in each age group),were used as models for hepatic steatosis.Echo signals obtained from ultrasonography in the mice were analyzed by ASQ,which uses a statistical analysis of echo amplitude to estimate inhomogeneity in the diagnostic region.FD-ratio,as calculated from this analysis,was the focus of the present study.FD-ratio and fat droplet areas and sizes were compared between age groups.RESULTS:No fibrosis or inflammation was observed in any of the groups.The fat droplet area significantly(P < 0.01) increased with age from 1.25% ± 0.28% at 5 wk to 31.07% ± 0.48% at 8 wk to 51.69% ± 3.19% at 12 wk.The median fat droplet size also significantly(P < 0.01) increased with age,from 1.33(0.55-10.52) m at 5 wk,2.82(0.61-44.13) m at 8 wk and 6.34(0.66-81.83) m at 12 wk.The mean FD-ratio was 0.42 ± 0.11 at 5 wk,0.11 ± 0.05 at 8 wk,and 0.03 ± 0.02 at 12 wk.The FD-ratio was significantly lower at 12 wk than at 5 wk and 8 wk(P < 0.01).A significant negative correlation was observed between the FD-ratio and either the fat droplet area(r =-0.7211,P = 0.0017) or fat droplet size(r =-0.9811,P = 0.0052).CONCLUSION:This tool for statistical analysis of signals from ultrasonography using the FD-ratio can be used to accurately quantify fat in vivo in an animal model of hepatic steatosis,and may serve as a quantitative biomarker of hepatic steatosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite the developments in the field of kidney transplantation,the already existing diagnostic techniques for patient monitoring are considered insufficient.Protein biomarkers that can be derived from modern approaches of proteomic analysis of liquid biopsies(serum,urine)represent a promising innovation in the monitoring of kidney transplant recipients.AIM To investigate the diagnostic utility of protein biomarkers derived from proteomics approaches in renal allograft assessment.METHODS A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines,based on research results from the PubMed and Scopus databases.The primary focus was on evaluating the role of biomarkers in the non-invasive diagnosis of transplant-related com-plications.Eligibility criteria included protein biomarkers and urine and blood samples,while exclusion criteria were language other than English and the use of low resolution and sensitivity methods.The selected research articles,were categorized based on the biological sample,condition and methodology and the significantly and reproducibly differentiated proteins were manually selected and extracted.Functional and network analysis of the selected proteins was performed.RESULTS In 17 included studies,58 proteins were studied,with the cytokine CXCL10 being the most investigated.Biological pathways related to immune response and fibrosis have shown to be enriched.Applications of biomarkers for the assessment of renal damage as well as the prediction of short-term and long-term function of the graft were reported.Overall,all studies have shown satisfactory diagnostic accuracy of proteins alone or in combination with conventional methods,as far as renal graft assessment is concerned.CONCLUSION Our review suggests that protein biomarkers,evaluated in specific biological fluids,can make a significant contribution to the timely,valid and non-invasive assessment of kidney graft.
基金Funding from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada award number RGPIN/4002-2020.
文摘Viral diseases are an important threat to crop yield,as they are responsible for losses greater than US$30 billion annually.Thus,understanding the dynamics of virus propagation within plant cells is essential for devising effective control strategies.However,viruses are complex to propagate and quantify.Existing methodologies for viral quantification tend to be expensive and time-consuming.Here,we present a rapid cost-effective approach to quantify viral propagation using an engineered virus expressing a fluorescent reporter.Using a microplate reader,we measured viral protein levels and we validated our findings through comparison by western blot analysis of viral coat protein,the most common approach to quantify viral titer.Our proposed methodology provides a practical and accessible approach to studying virus-host interactions and could contribute to enhancing our understanding of plant virology.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82300451Research Foundation of Wuhan Union Hospital,No.2022xhyn050.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC),a multifaceted and highly aggressive malignancy,represents challenging healthcare burdens globally,with a high incidence and mortality rate.Although endoscopy,combined with histological examination,is the gold stan-dard for GC diagnosis,its high cost,invasiveness,and specialized requirements hinder widespread use for screening.With the emergence of innovative techno-logies such as advanced imaging,liquid biopsy,and breath tests,the landscape of GC diagnosis is poised for radical transformation,becoming more accessible,less invasive,and more efficient.As the non-invasive diagnostic techniques continue to advance and undergo rigorous clinical validation,they hold the promise of sig-nificantly impacting patient outcomes,ultimately leading to better treatment results and improved quality of life for patients with GC.
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a degenerative disorder that affects millions of people throughout the world,causing considerable morbidity and healthcare burden.Frequent blood sampling is the current gold standard for monitoring CKD to evaluate biochemical and mineral indicators.However,there are draw-backs to frequent blood draws,such as pain for patients,the possibility of infe-ction,and higher medical expenses.Saliva-based diagnostics offer advantages such as ease of collection,reduced invasiveness,and improved patient compli-ance.A comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyze studies eva-luating the diagnostic utility of salivary creatinine,urea,calcium,and parathyroid hormone(PTH)in patients with CKD.Various saliva collection methods,inc-luding stimulated and unstimulated approaches,were investigated for efficiency and reliability,and a correlation was shown between serum and salivary crea-tinine,urea,PTH,and calcium levels,indicating their potential as CKD biomar-kers.Despite these promising findings,challenges such as standardization of collection methods,variability in salivary flow rates,and predictive value in association with blood parameters are addressed to ensure clinical applicability.This review explores the potential and challenges of saliva as a non-invasive alternative for CKD diagnostics.
基金financially supported by ChinaNational Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.52125403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52261135540 and 52404303)Science and Tech-nology Plan Special Fund Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BZ2024046)。
文摘Flip-flow screens offer unique advantages in grading fine-grained materials.To address inaccuracies caused by sensor vibra-tions in traditional contact measurement methods,we constructed a non-invasive measurement system based on electrical and optical sig-nals.A trajectory tracking algorithm for the screen-body was developed to visually measure the kinematics.Employing the principle oflaser reflection for distance measurement,optical techniques were performed to capture the kinematic information of the screen-plate.Ad-ditionally,by using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth transmission of electrical signals,tracer particle tracking technology was implemented to elec-trically measure the kinematic information of mineral particles.Consequently,intelligent fusion and perception of the kinematic informa-tion for the screen-body,screen-plate,and particles in the screening system have been achieved.
文摘During high-speed forward flight,helicopter rotor blades operate across a wide range of Reynolds and Mach numbers.Under such conditions,their aerodynamic performance is significantly influenced by dynamic stall—a complex,unsteady flow phenomenon highly sensitive to inlet conditions such asMach and Reynolds numbers.The key features of three-dimensional blade stall can be effectively represented by the dynamic stall behavior of a pitching airfoil.In this study,we conduct an uncertainty quantification analysis of dynamic stall aerodynamics in high-Mach-number flows over pitching airfoils,accounting for uncertainties in inlet parameters.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model based on the compressible unsteady Reynolds-averagedNavier–Stokes(URANS)equations,coupledwith sliding mesh techniques,is developed to simulate the unsteady aerodynamic behavior and associated flow fields.To efficiently capture the aerodynamic responses while maintaining high accuracy,a multi-fidelity Co-Kriging surrogate model is constructed.This model integrates the precision of high-fidelity wind tunnel experiments with the computational efficiency of lower-fidelity URANS simulations.Its accuracy is validated through direct comparison with experimental data.Building upon this surrogate model,we employ interval analysis and the Sobol sensitivity method to quantify the uncertainty and parameter sensitivity of the unsteady aerodynamic forces resulting frominlet condition variability.Both the inlet Mach number and Reynolds number are treated as uncertain inputs,modeled using interval representations.Our results demonstrate that variations inMach number contribute far more significantly to aerodynamic uncertainty than those in Reynolds number.Moreover,the presence of dynamic stall vortices markedly amplifies the aerodynamic sensitivity to Mach number fluctuations.
文摘BACKGROUND The Streptococcus salivarius(S.salivarius)group,which produces the enzyme urease has been identified as a potential contributor to ammonia production in the gut.Researchers have reported that patients with minimal HE had an increased abundance of the S.salivarius group,which is a specific change in the gut microbiota that distinguishes them from healthy individuals.The correlation between the aggregation of specific bacterial species and fibrosis progression in chronic liver disease(CLD)is yet to be fully elucidated.AIM To quantify S.salivarius using digital PCR(dPCR)as a liver fibrosis marker of CLD.METHODS This study retrospectively analysed 52 patients with CLD.To quantify S.salivarius in patients with CLD using dPCR,we evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of S.salivarius bacterial load using dPCR for a type strain.Next,we evaluated the clinical usefulness of dPCR for S.salivarius load quantification for detecting liver fibrosis in patients with CLD.The liver fibrosis stage was categorized into mild and advanced fibrosis based on pathological findings.RESULTS The dPCR assay revealed that S.salivarius was highly positive for the tnpA gene.The lower limit of quantification for dPCR using the tnpA gene with a 1μL template comprising 1.28×102 CFU/mL was 4.3 copies.After considering the detection range in dPCR,we adjusted the extracted DNA concentration to 5.0×10-4 ng/μL from 200 mg stool samples.The median bacterial loads of S.salivarius in stool sample from patients with mild and advanced fibrosis were 1.9 and 7.4 copies/μL,respectively.The quantification of S.salivarius load was observed more frequently in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those with mild fibrosis(P=0.032).CONCLUSION Quantifying of S.salivarius load using digital PCR is a useful biomarker for liver fibrosis in patients with CLD.
基金funded by Haikou Science and Technology Plan Project(2022-007),in part by key Laboratory of PK System Technologies Research of Hainan,China.
文摘In the data transaction process within a data asset trading platform,quantifying the trustworthiness of data source nodes is challenging due to their numerous attributes and complex structures.To address this issue,a distributed data source trust assessment management framework,a trust quantification model,and a dynamic adjustment mechanism are proposed.Themodel integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and Dempster-Shafer(D-S)evidence theory to determine attribute weights and calculate direct trust values,while the PageRank algorithm is employed to derive indirect trust values.Thedirect and indirect trust values are then combined to compute the comprehensive trust value of the data source.Furthermore,a dynamic adjustment mechanism is introduced to continuously update the comprehensive trust value based on historical assessment data.By leveraging the collaborative efforts of multiple nodes in the distributed network,the proposed framework enables a comprehensive,dynamic,and objective evaluation of data source trustworthiness.Extensive experimental analyses demonstrate that the trust quantification model effectively handles large-scale data source trust assessments,exhibiting both strong trust differentiation capability and high robustness.
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287.
文摘BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a growing concern among adolescents and adults,necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond pharmacological interventions.AIM To evaluated the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions for treating IGD among adolescents and adults.METHODS A total of 11 randomized controlled trials published between 2020 and 2025 were included in this meta-analysis,encompassing 1208 participants from diverse geographic and cultural contexts.The interventions examined included cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT),internet-based CBT,neurofeedback,virtual reality therapy,abstinence-based programs,and school-based prevention.The primary outcomes assessed were reductions in gaming time and IGD severity.Secondary outcomes included improvements in mood,anxiety,and psychosocial functioning(e.g.,stronger peer relationships,better academic or work performance,and healthier daily-life role fulfillment).RESULTS The pooled standardized mean difference for IGD symptom reduction significantly favored non-invasive interventions(Hedges’g=0.56,95%CI:0.38-0.74,P<0.001),with moderate heterogeneity observed(I2=47%).Subgroup analyses indicated that CBT-based programs,both in-person and online,yielded the strongest effects,particularly when caregiver involvement or self-monitoring was incorporated.Funnel plot asymmetry was minimal,suggesting a low risk of publication bias.CONCLUSION These findings support the efficacy of scalable,low-risk non-invasive interventions as first-line treatment options for IGD,particularly in youth populations.Future studies should prioritize investigating long-term outcomes,comparing the effectiveness of different non-invasive modalities,and developing culturally adaptive delivery methods.
文摘In this article,we comment on the article by Peta et al.This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of FibroTest-Actitest,transient elastography,and the fibrosis-4 index against a histological reference.Using the Obuchowski measure,the authors demonstrate that FibroTest and vibration-controlled transient elastography outperform the fibrosis-4 index in detecting fibrosis.Additionally,Actitest offers superior estimation of inflammatory activity compared to conventional biomarkers.Assessing liver fibrosis is crucial for managing autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),yet reliance on invasive liver biopsy remains higher than in other liver diseases.This is partly due to more complex diagnostic criteria for AIH,the lack of standardized scoring for non-invasive testing,and the presence of inflammation,which can lead to falsely elevated results with non-invasive tests.A Bayesian latent class model further supports the reliability of these non-invasive tests,highlighting their potential to complement biopsy,particularly for longterm disease monitoring.These findings underscore the importance of noninvasive diagnostics in optimizing AIH management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52303380,52025132,52273305,22205185,21621091,22021001,and 22121001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20720240041)+3 种基金the 111 Project(Nos.B17027 and B16029)the National Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2022J02059)the Science and Technology Projects of Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(No.RD2022070601)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Excessive Fe^(3+) ion concentrations in wastewater pose a long-standing threat to human health.Achieving low-cost,high-efficiency quantification of Fe^(3+) ion concentration in unknown solutions can guide environmental management decisions and optimize water treatment processes.In this study,by leveraging the rapid,real-time detection capabilities of nanopores and the specific chemical binding affinity of tannic acid to Fe^(3+),a linear relationship between the ion current and Fe^(3+) ion concentration was established.Utilizing this linear relationship,quantification of Fe^(3+) ion concentration in unknown solutions was achieved.Furthermore,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt was employed to displace Fe^(3+) from the nanopores,allowing them to be restored to their initial conditions and reused for Fe^(3+) ion quantification.The reusable bioinspired nanopores remain functional over 330 days of storage.This recycling capability and the long-term stability of the nanopores contribute to a significant reduction in costs.This study provides a strategy for the quantification of unknown Fe^(3+) concentration using nanopores,with potential applications in environmental assessment,health monitoring,and so forth.
基金Hefei Municipal Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2022009Suqian Guiding Program Project,Grant/Award Number:Z202309Suqian Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan,Grant/Award Number:MS202301。
文摘Quantitative analysis of clinical function parameters from MRI images is crucial for diagnosing and assessing cardiovascular disease.However,the manual calculation of these parameters is challenging due to the high variability among patients and the time-consuming nature of the process.In this study,the authors introduce a framework named MultiJSQ,comprising the feature presentation network(FRN)and the indicator prediction network(IEN),which is designed for simultaneous joint segmentation and quantification.The FRN is tailored for representing global image features,facilitating the direct acquisition of left ventricle(LV)contour images through pixel classification.Additionally,the IEN incorporates specifically designed modules to extract relevant clinical indices.The authors’method considers the interdependence of different tasks,demonstrating the validity of these relationships and yielding favourable results.Through extensive experiments on cardiac MR images from 145 patients,MultiJSQ achieves impressive outcomes,with low mean absolute errors of 124 mm^(2),1.72 mm,and 1.21 mm for areas,dimensions,and regional wall thicknesses,respectively,along with a Dice metric score of 0.908.The experimental findings underscore the excellent performance of our framework in LV segmentation and quantification,highlighting its promising clinical application prospects.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51875014,U2233212 and 51875015)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,China(No.L221008)+1 种基金Science,Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo of China(No.2022Z005)the Tianmushan Laboratory Project,China(No.TK2023-B-001)。
文摘For uncertainty quantification of complex models with high-dimensional,nonlinear,multi-component coupling like digital twins,traditional statistical sampling methods,such as random sampling and Latin hypercube sampling,require a large number of samples,which entails huge computational costs.Therefore,how to construct a small-size sample space has been a hot issue of interest for researchers.To this end,this paper proposes a sequential search-based Latin hypercube sampling scheme to generate efficient and accurate samples for uncertainty quantification.First,the sampling range of the samples is formed by carving the polymorphic uncertainty based on theoretical analysis.Then,the optimal Latin hypercube design is selected using the Latin hypercube sampling method combined with the"space filling"criterion.Finally,the sample selection function is established,and the next most informative sample is optimally selected to obtain the sequential test sample.Compared with the classical sampling method,the generated samples can retain more information on the basis of sparsity.A series of numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed sequential search-based Latin hypercube sampling scheme,which is a way to provide reliable uncertainty quantification results with small sample sizes.
基金supported by the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072359)。
文摘Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt)is an important disease worldwide.Detection of latent infection of leaves by the pathogen in late autumn is valuable for estimating the inoculum potential to assess disease risks in the spring.We developed a new tool for rapid detection and quantification of latent infection of seedlings by the pathogen.The method was based on recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)coupled with an end-point detection via lateral flow device(LFD).The limit of detection is 100 agμL^(-1)of Bgt DNA,without noticeable interference from either other common wheat pathogens or wheat material(Triticum aestivum).It was evaluated on wheat seedlings for this accuracy and sensitivity in detecting latent infection of Bgt.We further extended this RPALFD assay to estimate the level of latent infection by Bgt based on imaging analysis.There was a strong correlation between the image-based and real-time PCR assay estimates of Bgt DNA.The present results suggested that this new tool can provide rapid and accurate quantification of Bgt in latently infected leaves and can be further development as an on-site monitoring tool.
文摘Abstract： In the present study, we established an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MSE） method to simultaneously quantify 33 components in Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts （GBEs）, including 17 flavonol glycosides, five terpene trilactones （TTLs）, four polyphenols and seven carboxylic acids. This optimized method was successfully applied to analyze the explicit compositions of GBE samples collected from different places. Furthermore, the data were processed through unsupervised principal component analysis （PCA） and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） to evaluate the quality and compare the differences between the samples according to the contents of the 33 chemical constituents. Bilobalide, protocatechuic acid, shikimic acid, quinic acid, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide J, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-ct-L-rhamnopyranocyl-2＂-（6＇＂-p-coumaroyl）-β-D-glucoside and rutin were recognized as characteristic chemical markers that contributed most to control the quality of GBEs. Based on the fact that GBEs should be standardized with the characteristic components as quality control chemical markers, it is most important to maintain the quality of GBEs stable and reliable, and this method also provided a good strategy to further rectify and standardize the GBEs market.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30873416)
文摘In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde） in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus. The levels of seven phenylpropanoid compounds in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus were compared using this method. A total of 48 samples （27 Cinnamomi Cortex and 21 Cinnamomi Ramulus） were purchased in China and analyzed. Quantities of seven phenylpropanoid compounds ranged from 17.5 to 61.6 mg/g in Cinnamomi Cortex and ranged from 9.91 to 23.4 mg/g in Ciunamomi Ramulus. The level of 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in the Cinnamomi Cortex samples was below the LOD, whereas it ranged from 0 to 0.119 mg/g in the Cinnamomi Ramulus samples. The （cinnamyl alcohol＋cinnamic acid）/cinnamaldehyde ratios （R346） of Ciunamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus ranged from 0.0121 to 0.0467 and 0.0598 to 0.182, respectively. This ratio could be used to discriminate Cinnamomi Cortex （〈0.05） and Cinnamomi Ramulus （〉0.05）. The extraction rates （Dn） of seven compounds in boiling water were different, with the lowest dissolution for cinnamaldehyde （〈3%） and the highest for cinnamic acid （about 60%）.
基金973 Project-Medical Characteristics of Orthodox Herbs(Grant No.2006CB504707)
文摘For the first time, we have utilized high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） to simultaneously quantify the eugenol and bancroffione in Caryophylli Fructus. The optimized parameters included： Inertsil ODS-4 column （150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）; column temperature： 35 ℃; mobile phase： methanol water （65：35, v/v）; flow rate： 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength： 280 nm. Eugenol and bancroftione showed good linear relationships with peak areas within the range of （0.0998 0.8982） mg/mL （r = 0.9999） and （0.1474-1.3266） mg/mL （r = 0.9999）, respectively. The average recoveries were 102.52% and 100.96% for eugenol and bancroftione, respectively. Our results showed that the established method is simple, rapid, and accurate with good reproducibility to evaluate the quality of Caryophylli Fructus.
文摘High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was used for the quantification of the flavonoid quercetin, the active compound found in ＂Guangdong Wang-bu-liu-xing＂. The method was developed and demonstrated to provide superior performance over other commonly documented methods. This HPLC assay achieved high specificity through the use of a reversed-phase C18 column eluted with a mobile phase of methanol-0.4% （v/v） phosphoric acid （50：50, v/v） over the course of 30 min. UV detection at 360 nm was used. This analytical method provided excellent precision and a mean recovery of 99%, demonstrated by repeated analysis of 11 sample groups. Because of its high performance and simplicity, this HPLC assay can be readily utilized as a practical method for the quality control of active compounds extracted from Guangdong Wang-bu-liu-xing.
