AIM: To elucidate the natural history and the longitudinal outcomes in cirrhotic patients with non-forward portal flow(NFPF).METHODS: The present retrospective study consisted of 222 cirrhotic patients(120 males and 1...AIM: To elucidate the natural history and the longitudinal outcomes in cirrhotic patients with non-forward portal flow(NFPF).METHODS: The present retrospective study consisted of 222 cirrhotic patients(120 males and 102 females; age, 61.7 ± 11.1 years). The portal hemodynamics were evaluated at baseline and during the observation period using both pulsed and color Doppler ultrasonography. The diameter(mm), flow direction, mean flow velocity(cm/s), and mean flow volume(m L/min) were assessed at the portal trunk, the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein, and the collateral vessels. The average values from 2 to 4 measurements were used for the data analysis. The portal flow direction was defined as follows: forward portal flow(FPF) for continuous hepatopetal flow; bidirectional flow for to-and-fro flow; and reversed flow for continuous hepatofugal flow. The bidirectional flow and the reversed flow were classified as NFPF in this study. The clinical findings and prognosis were compared between the patients with FPF and those with NFPF. The median follow-up period was 40.9 mo(range, 0.3-156.5 mo).RESULTS: Twenty-four patients(10.8%) demonstrated NFPF, accompanied by lower albumin level, worse ChildPugh scores, and model for end-stage liver disease scores. The portal hemodynamic features in the patients with NFPF were smaller diameter of the portal trunk;presence of short gastric vein, splenorenal shunt, or inferior mesenteric vein; and advanced collateral vessels(diameter > 8.7 mm, flow velocity > 10.2 cm/s, and flow volume > 310 m L/min). The cumulative incidence rates of NFPF were 6.5% at 1 year, 14.5% at 3 years, and 23.1% at 5 years. The collateral vessels characterized by flow velocity > 9.5 cm/s and those located at the splenic hilum were significant predictive factors for developing NFPF. The cumulative survival rate was significantly lower in the patients with NFPF(72.2% at 1 year, 38.5% at 3 years, 38.5% at 5 years) than in those with forward portal flow(84.0% at 1 year, 67.8% at 3 years, 54.3% at 5 years, P = 0.0123) using the Child-Pugh B and C classifications.CONCLUSION: NFPF has a significant negative effect on the prognosis of patients with worse liver function reserve, suggesting the need for careful management.展开更多
针对高速电主轴动态模型中耦合电压的非线性变化对主轴动态性能所产生的影响,通过对比前馈控制和内模控制(Internal model control,IMC)的电压解耦机理,指出IMC能够避免前馈控制时电压解耦效果依赖主轴模型参数与实际参数相匹配的不足,...针对高速电主轴动态模型中耦合电压的非线性变化对主轴动态性能所产生的影响,通过对比前馈控制和内模控制(Internal model control,IMC)的电压解耦机理,指出IMC能够避免前馈控制时电压解耦效果依赖主轴模型参数与实际参数相匹配的不足,并利用170MD15Y20油雾润滑型电主轴和Matlab/Simulink软件分别对两种控制方法进行试验和仿真分析。结果表明,主轴的耦合电压主要受频率和转矩电流变化的影响,改变磁链子系统和转矩子系统的给定电压、以及耦合回路中无功功率在输入功率中的比例,不仅可以对主轴的功率因素、输出转矩、抗扰动能力和动态速度跟随精度等特性参数产生影响,而且使主轴的转矩脉动程度、带负载能力和转差率等随耦合电压的大小成反比例变化。因此可以根据包含上述特征信息的机械特性曲线、功率因素曲线和恒转矩曲线的变化趋势,准确判断高速电主轴的解耦效果,并预测主轴在该控制方式下的动态性能。展开更多
文摘AIM: To elucidate the natural history and the longitudinal outcomes in cirrhotic patients with non-forward portal flow(NFPF).METHODS: The present retrospective study consisted of 222 cirrhotic patients(120 males and 102 females; age, 61.7 ± 11.1 years). The portal hemodynamics were evaluated at baseline and during the observation period using both pulsed and color Doppler ultrasonography. The diameter(mm), flow direction, mean flow velocity(cm/s), and mean flow volume(m L/min) were assessed at the portal trunk, the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein, and the collateral vessels. The average values from 2 to 4 measurements were used for the data analysis. The portal flow direction was defined as follows: forward portal flow(FPF) for continuous hepatopetal flow; bidirectional flow for to-and-fro flow; and reversed flow for continuous hepatofugal flow. The bidirectional flow and the reversed flow were classified as NFPF in this study. The clinical findings and prognosis were compared between the patients with FPF and those with NFPF. The median follow-up period was 40.9 mo(range, 0.3-156.5 mo).RESULTS: Twenty-four patients(10.8%) demonstrated NFPF, accompanied by lower albumin level, worse ChildPugh scores, and model for end-stage liver disease scores. The portal hemodynamic features in the patients with NFPF were smaller diameter of the portal trunk;presence of short gastric vein, splenorenal shunt, or inferior mesenteric vein; and advanced collateral vessels(diameter > 8.7 mm, flow velocity > 10.2 cm/s, and flow volume > 310 m L/min). The cumulative incidence rates of NFPF were 6.5% at 1 year, 14.5% at 3 years, and 23.1% at 5 years. The collateral vessels characterized by flow velocity > 9.5 cm/s and those located at the splenic hilum were significant predictive factors for developing NFPF. The cumulative survival rate was significantly lower in the patients with NFPF(72.2% at 1 year, 38.5% at 3 years, 38.5% at 5 years) than in those with forward portal flow(84.0% at 1 year, 67.8% at 3 years, 54.3% at 5 years, P = 0.0123) using the Child-Pugh B and C classifications.CONCLUSION: NFPF has a significant negative effect on the prognosis of patients with worse liver function reserve, suggesting the need for careful management.
文摘针对高速电主轴动态模型中耦合电压的非线性变化对主轴动态性能所产生的影响,通过对比前馈控制和内模控制(Internal model control,IMC)的电压解耦机理,指出IMC能够避免前馈控制时电压解耦效果依赖主轴模型参数与实际参数相匹配的不足,并利用170MD15Y20油雾润滑型电主轴和Matlab/Simulink软件分别对两种控制方法进行试验和仿真分析。结果表明,主轴的耦合电压主要受频率和转矩电流变化的影响,改变磁链子系统和转矩子系统的给定电压、以及耦合回路中无功功率在输入功率中的比例,不仅可以对主轴的功率因素、输出转矩、抗扰动能力和动态速度跟随精度等特性参数产生影响,而且使主轴的转矩脉动程度、带负载能力和转差率等随耦合电压的大小成反比例变化。因此可以根据包含上述特征信息的机械特性曲线、功率因素曲线和恒转矩曲线的变化趋势,准确判断高速电主轴的解耦效果,并预测主轴在该控制方式下的动态性能。
