Viruses in the family Reoviridae are non-enveloped particles comprising a segmented double-stranded RNA genome surrounded by a two-layered or multi-layered icosahedral protein capsid.These viruses are classified into ...Viruses in the family Reoviridae are non-enveloped particles comprising a segmented double-stranded RNA genome surrounded by a two-layered or multi-layered icosahedral protein capsid.These viruses are classified into two sub-families based on their particle structural organization.Recent studies have focused on high-resolution three-dimensional structures of reovirus particles by using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to approach the resolutions seen in X-ray crystallographic structures.The results of cryo-EM image reconstructions allow tracing of most of the protein side chains,and thus permit integration of structural and functional information into a coherent mechanism for reovirus assembly and entry.展开更多
Introduction:The WHO Global Action Plan for Poliovirus Containment,4th edition(GAPIV)describes the necessary conditions for the containment of poliovirus material in poliovirus-essential facilities(PEFs).PEF status is...Introduction:The WHO Global Action Plan for Poliovirus Containment,4th edition(GAPIV)describes the necessary conditions for the containment of poliovirus material in poliovirus-essential facilities(PEFs).PEF status is achieved by successfully undergoing the process of certification by the Global Commission for the Certification of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis in compliance with GAPIV requirements.The GAPIV guidelines cover many topics,including waste management,decontamination,disinfection and sterilization.This element of GAPIV requires PEFs to demonstrate in-house validation of decontamination methods with supporting data.Methods:The method used for validation of chemical products for poliovirus decontamination in this study was based on processes outlined in European Standard EN14476,as recommended by the WHO GAPIV guidelines.In this study,the disinfectants 5%Microchem Plus and 1%Virkon®S were evaluated for efficacy against high titre poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load using an end-point dilution assay.A poliovirus Sabin 1 strain was used as the reference virus with the titre 8.33 log10 CCID50(50%cell culture infectious dose)in 0.1 ml.Results:The poliovirus titre after Microchem Plus treatment was calculated as 5.5(representing a 2.8 CCID50 titre reduction),indicating only partial inactivation.In contrast,poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load achieved>4 log10 CCID50 titre reduction(≥6.8 and≥5.8 reduction respectively),after Virkon®S treatment.The Virkon®S treatment results were at the limit of detection of the endpoint dilution assay,indicating complete inactivation,or as near complete that can be demonstrated with the assay.The virus culture results were confirmed by a molecular assay for the detection of enterovirus RNA.Conclusion:Microchem Plus only partially inactivated poliovirus and cannot be relied upon as the sole decontaminant.In contrast,Virkon®S performed well for both high titre poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load,achieving>4 log10 titre reduction for both,making Virkon®S a suitable disinfectant for poliovirus.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31172434,31372565)
文摘Viruses in the family Reoviridae are non-enveloped particles comprising a segmented double-stranded RNA genome surrounded by a two-layered or multi-layered icosahedral protein capsid.These viruses are classified into two sub-families based on their particle structural organization.Recent studies have focused on high-resolution three-dimensional structures of reovirus particles by using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to approach the resolutions seen in X-ray crystallographic structures.The results of cryo-EM image reconstructions allow tracing of most of the protein side chains,and thus permit integration of structural and functional information into a coherent mechanism for reovirus assembly and entry.
文摘Introduction:The WHO Global Action Plan for Poliovirus Containment,4th edition(GAPIV)describes the necessary conditions for the containment of poliovirus material in poliovirus-essential facilities(PEFs).PEF status is achieved by successfully undergoing the process of certification by the Global Commission for the Certification of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis in compliance with GAPIV requirements.The GAPIV guidelines cover many topics,including waste management,decontamination,disinfection and sterilization.This element of GAPIV requires PEFs to demonstrate in-house validation of decontamination methods with supporting data.Methods:The method used for validation of chemical products for poliovirus decontamination in this study was based on processes outlined in European Standard EN14476,as recommended by the WHO GAPIV guidelines.In this study,the disinfectants 5%Microchem Plus and 1%Virkon®S were evaluated for efficacy against high titre poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load using an end-point dilution assay.A poliovirus Sabin 1 strain was used as the reference virus with the titre 8.33 log10 CCID50(50%cell culture infectious dose)in 0.1 ml.Results:The poliovirus titre after Microchem Plus treatment was calculated as 5.5(representing a 2.8 CCID50 titre reduction),indicating only partial inactivation.In contrast,poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load achieved>4 log10 CCID50 titre reduction(≥6.8 and≥5.8 reduction respectively),after Virkon®S treatment.The Virkon®S treatment results were at the limit of detection of the endpoint dilution assay,indicating complete inactivation,or as near complete that can be demonstrated with the assay.The virus culture results were confirmed by a molecular assay for the detection of enterovirus RNA.Conclusion:Microchem Plus only partially inactivated poliovirus and cannot be relied upon as the sole decontaminant.In contrast,Virkon®S performed well for both high titre poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load,achieving>4 log10 titre reduction for both,making Virkon®S a suitable disinfectant for poliovirus.
