In this study,the influence of focused ultrasonic vibration(UV)in the arc column with a non-consumable electrode on the electro-physical characteristics of the arc,near-electrode voltage drops,and the shape and struct...In this study,the influence of focused ultrasonic vibration(UV)in the arc column with a non-consumable electrode on the electro-physical characteristics of the arc,near-electrode voltage drops,and the shape and structure of the arc column discharge were invest-igated.It was determined that a focused ultrasonic field in the welding arc column leads to an increase in the arc discharge voltage.Focusing UV on the electrode and in the welding bath does not increase arc voltage.In contrast,the presence of a focused ultrasonic field in the electrode region of the welding arc increases its voltage by 0.9 V.Under the influence of UV,the voltage drop in the cath-ode region on the arc increases by approximately 2 V,and it increases by 0.8 V in the anode region.However,the voltage in the arc column decreases slightly.The impact of a focused ultrasonic field reduces the arc diameter in the anode region and the column.In contrast,near the cathode region,the diameter increases,indicating a change in the nature of the cathodic flow of charged particles in this area.展开更多
The effect of the shielding gas composition and the cathode processing history on the weld formation quality during welding with a non-consumable electrode at high current was studied. The major reasons for pores, “w...The effect of the shielding gas composition and the cathode processing history on the weld formation quality during welding with a non-consumable electrode at high current was studied. The major reasons for pores, “waists” and undercuts formation during welding at high currents and speed are discrete melt movement to the solidification front due to the arc decline from the cathode axis and significant melt overhanging in the pool tail part caused by excessive peak pressure on the discharge axis. Cathode flow dispersion causes the lack of displacement of the molten metal which results in its laminar flow in the weld pool, uniform flow of the metal to the crystallization front and sound weld formation. The melt movement in the weld pool and eventually the welded joint quality is determined by the pressure distribution pattern on the welded metal surface and the anode spot lag from the electrode. It was demonstrated that non-consumable electrode configurations that provide arcing with a diffuse cathode spot and increased helium concentration in the inert atmosphere during welding with a conical electrode allow sound weld formation.展开更多
Preparation of materials is the basis ofresearch in materials science.In fundamen-tal research,to obtain a material with highpurity for study becomes a key to the suc-cess,because even minute amount of con-tamination ...Preparation of materials is the basis ofresearch in materials science.In fundamen-tal research,to obtain a material with highpurity for study becomes a key to the suc-cess,because even minute amount of con-tamination can disturb or suppress thephenomena to be studied or cause someanomalous behaviour,which may result inerroneous conclusions.A large number of展开更多
The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershe...The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershed management cost among different water users. As a consumable, water should be allocated to different users the amounts in which their marginal utilities (MUs) or marginal products (MPs) of water are equal. The value of MUs or MPs equals the water price that the watershed manager charges. When water is simultaneously used as consumable and non- consumable, the watershed manager produces the quantity of water in which the sum of MUs and/or MPs for the two types of uses equals the marginal cost of water production. Each water user should share the portion of watershed management cost in the percentage that his MU or MP accounts for the sum of MUs and/or MPs. Thus, the price of consumable water does not equal the marginal cost of water production even if there is no public good.展开更多
Preliminary investigation of the assigned task shows that the energy efficiency of residential houses is conditioned by the quantity of energy,consumed by all internal energy providing systems that serve for creation ...Preliminary investigation of the assigned task shows that the energy efficiency of residential houses is conditioned by the quantity of energy,consumed by all internal energy providing systems that serve for creation of comfort microclimate in all rooms of the building.The energy consuming systems of residential houses are:heating,ventilation,air conditioning,domestic hot water providing,tap water supplying systems and other life supporting facilities.If the listed systems consume possibly least quantity of energy or so cold zero net energy,the building can be qualified as energy efficient.The authors of this article try to give right answers how to provide the best,cheapest and ecologically safe solutions of assigned tasks.One of the radical solutions of the problem is the development and use of fossil fuel non-consuming installations of energy production.To overcome of mentioned problems the authors developed new type of thermal and electrical energy generating high efficiency local and central systems.For this reason,the authors of this study decided to develop new generation of heating,ventilation and domestic hot water supplying high efficiency integrated systems.展开更多
基金supported by the grant from the Russian Science Foundation(No.23-13-00354,https://rscf.ru/project/23-13-00354/).
文摘In this study,the influence of focused ultrasonic vibration(UV)in the arc column with a non-consumable electrode on the electro-physical characteristics of the arc,near-electrode voltage drops,and the shape and structure of the arc column discharge were invest-igated.It was determined that a focused ultrasonic field in the welding arc column leads to an increase in the arc discharge voltage.Focusing UV on the electrode and in the welding bath does not increase arc voltage.In contrast,the presence of a focused ultrasonic field in the electrode region of the welding arc increases its voltage by 0.9 V.Under the influence of UV,the voltage drop in the cath-ode region on the arc increases by approximately 2 V,and it increases by 0.8 V in the anode region.However,the voltage in the arc column decreases slightly.The impact of a focused ultrasonic field reduces the arc diameter in the anode region and the column.In contrast,near the cathode region,the diameter increases,indicating a change in the nature of the cathodic flow of charged particles in this area.
基金supported by the Volgograd State Technical University,in conducting this research study as a part of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(Grant No.0637-2020-0006)。
文摘The effect of the shielding gas composition and the cathode processing history on the weld formation quality during welding with a non-consumable electrode at high current was studied. The major reasons for pores, “waists” and undercuts formation during welding at high currents and speed are discrete melt movement to the solidification front due to the arc decline from the cathode axis and significant melt overhanging in the pool tail part caused by excessive peak pressure on the discharge axis. Cathode flow dispersion causes the lack of displacement of the molten metal which results in its laminar flow in the weld pool, uniform flow of the metal to the crystallization front and sound weld formation. The melt movement in the weld pool and eventually the welded joint quality is determined by the pressure distribution pattern on the welded metal surface and the anode spot lag from the electrode. It was demonstrated that non-consumable electrode configurations that provide arcing with a diffuse cathode spot and increased helium concentration in the inert atmosphere during welding with a conical electrode allow sound weld formation.
文摘Preparation of materials is the basis ofresearch in materials science.In fundamen-tal research,to obtain a material with highpurity for study becomes a key to the suc-cess,because even minute amount of con-tamination can disturb or suppress thephenomena to be studied or cause someanomalous behaviour,which may result inerroneous conclusions.A large number of
文摘The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershed management cost among different water users. As a consumable, water should be allocated to different users the amounts in which their marginal utilities (MUs) or marginal products (MPs) of water are equal. The value of MUs or MPs equals the water price that the watershed manager charges. When water is simultaneously used as consumable and non- consumable, the watershed manager produces the quantity of water in which the sum of MUs and/or MPs for the two types of uses equals the marginal cost of water production. Each water user should share the portion of watershed management cost in the percentage that his MU or MP accounts for the sum of MUs and/or MPs. Thus, the price of consumable water does not equal the marginal cost of water production even if there is no public good.
文摘Preliminary investigation of the assigned task shows that the energy efficiency of residential houses is conditioned by the quantity of energy,consumed by all internal energy providing systems that serve for creation of comfort microclimate in all rooms of the building.The energy consuming systems of residential houses are:heating,ventilation,air conditioning,domestic hot water providing,tap water supplying systems and other life supporting facilities.If the listed systems consume possibly least quantity of energy or so cold zero net energy,the building can be qualified as energy efficient.The authors of this article try to give right answers how to provide the best,cheapest and ecologically safe solutions of assigned tasks.One of the radical solutions of the problem is the development and use of fossil fuel non-consuming installations of energy production.To overcome of mentioned problems the authors developed new type of thermal and electrical energy generating high efficiency local and central systems.For this reason,the authors of this study decided to develop new generation of heating,ventilation and domestic hot water supplying high efficiency integrated systems.
