Selected non-burned method and took fly-ash as main material, together with lime and gypsum, to inspire the activity of volcanic ash, took a kind of poly-organics to re-place the clay as binder, and then made small ba...Selected non-burned method and took fly-ash as main material, together with lime and gypsum, to inspire the activity of volcanic ash, took a kind of poly-organics to re-place the clay as binder, and then made small balls with machine, wrapped slurry twice and autoclaved 8 hours at normal atmosphere, made ceramsite in this way can endure higher compression strength. Comparing with common concrete, the ceramsite concrete is about 25% lighter on weight.展开更多
Background: Injury triggers a range of systemic effects including inflammation and immune responses. This study aimed to compare infectious disease admissions after burn and other types of injury using linked hospital...Background: Injury triggers a range of systemic effects including inflammation and immune responses. This study aimed to compare infectious disease admissions after burn and other types of injury using linked hospital admissions data. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study using linked health data of all patients admitted with burns in Western Australia (n = 30,997), 1980–2012, and age and gender frequency matched cohorts of people with non-burn trauma (n = 28,647) and no injury admissions (n = 123,399). Analyses included direct standardisation, negative binomial regression and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Annual age-standardised infectious disease admission rates were highest for the burn cohort, followed by the non-burn trauma and uninjured cohorts. Age-standardised admission rates by decade showed different patterns across major categories of infectious diseases, with the lower respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections the most common for those with burns and other open trauma. Compared with the uninjured, those with burns had twice the admission rate for infectious disease after discharge (incident rate ratio (IRR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.04, 1.98–2.11) while non-burn trauma experienced 1.74 times higher rates (95%CI: 1.68–1.81). The burn cohort experienced 10% higher rates of first-time admissions after discharge when compared with the non-burn trauma (hazard ratio (HR), 95%CI: 1.10, 1.05–1.15). Compared with the uninjured cohort, incident admissions were highest during the first 30 days after discharge for burns (HR, 95%CI: 5.18, 4.15–6.48) and non-burn trauma (HR, 95%CI: 5.06, 4.03–6.34). While incident rates remained high over the study period, the magnitude decreased with increasing time from discharge: burn vs uninjured: HR, 95%CI: 30 days to 1 year: 1.69, 1.53–1.87;1 to 10 years: 1.40, 1.33–1.47;10 years to end of study period: 1.16, 1.08–1.24;non-burn trauma vs uninjured: HR, 95%CI: 30 days to 1 year: 1.71, 1.55–1.90;1 to 10 years: 1.30, 1.24–1.37;10 years to end of study period: 1.09, 1.03–1.17). Conclusions: Burns and non-burn trauma patients had higher admission rates for infectious diseases compared with age and gender matched uninjured people. The pattern of annual admission rates for major categories of infectious diseases varied across injury groups. Overal , the burn cohort experienced the highest rates for digestive, lower respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections. These results suggest long-term vulnerability to infectious disease after injury, possibly related to long-term immune dysfunction.展开更多
文摘Selected non-burned method and took fly-ash as main material, together with lime and gypsum, to inspire the activity of volcanic ash, took a kind of poly-organics to re-place the clay as binder, and then made small balls with machine, wrapped slurry twice and autoclaved 8 hours at normal atmosphere, made ceramsite in this way can endure higher compression strength. Comparing with common concrete, the ceramsite concrete is about 25% lighter on weight.
文摘Background: Injury triggers a range of systemic effects including inflammation and immune responses. This study aimed to compare infectious disease admissions after burn and other types of injury using linked hospital admissions data. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study using linked health data of all patients admitted with burns in Western Australia (n = 30,997), 1980–2012, and age and gender frequency matched cohorts of people with non-burn trauma (n = 28,647) and no injury admissions (n = 123,399). Analyses included direct standardisation, negative binomial regression and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Annual age-standardised infectious disease admission rates were highest for the burn cohort, followed by the non-burn trauma and uninjured cohorts. Age-standardised admission rates by decade showed different patterns across major categories of infectious diseases, with the lower respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections the most common for those with burns and other open trauma. Compared with the uninjured, those with burns had twice the admission rate for infectious disease after discharge (incident rate ratio (IRR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.04, 1.98–2.11) while non-burn trauma experienced 1.74 times higher rates (95%CI: 1.68–1.81). The burn cohort experienced 10% higher rates of first-time admissions after discharge when compared with the non-burn trauma (hazard ratio (HR), 95%CI: 1.10, 1.05–1.15). Compared with the uninjured cohort, incident admissions were highest during the first 30 days after discharge for burns (HR, 95%CI: 5.18, 4.15–6.48) and non-burn trauma (HR, 95%CI: 5.06, 4.03–6.34). While incident rates remained high over the study period, the magnitude decreased with increasing time from discharge: burn vs uninjured: HR, 95%CI: 30 days to 1 year: 1.69, 1.53–1.87;1 to 10 years: 1.40, 1.33–1.47;10 years to end of study period: 1.16, 1.08–1.24;non-burn trauma vs uninjured: HR, 95%CI: 30 days to 1 year: 1.71, 1.55–1.90;1 to 10 years: 1.30, 1.24–1.37;10 years to end of study period: 1.09, 1.03–1.17). Conclusions: Burns and non-burn trauma patients had higher admission rates for infectious diseases compared with age and gender matched uninjured people. The pattern of annual admission rates for major categories of infectious diseases varied across injury groups. Overal , the burn cohort experienced the highest rates for digestive, lower respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections. These results suggest long-term vulnerability to infectious disease after injury, possibly related to long-term immune dysfunction.
