In this paper, the step reduction method is discussed, which was advanced by Prof. Yeh Kai-yuan for calculating a non-uniform beam with various sections. The following result is proved. The approximate solution by thi...In this paper, the step reduction method is discussed, which was advanced by Prof. Yeh Kai-yuan for calculating a non-uniform beam with various sections. The following result is proved. The approximate solution by this method approaches the true solution if the number of the steps approaches the infinity. However, the measure of the error between the limit solution and the ture solution is not in the pure mathematics sense but in the mechanics sense.展开更多
In indoor environments and shady outdoor environments, there is little influence of short-wavelength solar radiation, so a strikingly non-uniform and asymmetric environment is not formed. In outdoor sunny environment,...In indoor environments and shady outdoor environments, there is little influence of short-wavelength solar radiation, so a strikingly non-uniform and asymmetric environment is not formed. In outdoor sunny environment, however, shaded areas occur even for the same site of the body, and a remarkable difference in skin temperature is considered to occur under the influence of the short-wavelength solar radiation. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the non-uniform and asymmetric thermal radiation of short-wavelength solar radiation in outdoor environment on the division of the body surface section and the calculation of the mean skin temperature. The skin temperature of the front of the coronal surface, which was facing the sun and where the body received direct short-wavelength solar radiation, and the skin temperature of the rear of the coronal surface, which was in the shadow and did not receive direct short-wavelength solar radiation were respectively measured. The feet, upper arm, forearm, hand and lower leg, which are susceptible to short-wavelength solar radiation in a standing posture, had a noticeable difference in skin temperature between sites in the sun and in shade. The mean skin temperature of sites facing the sun was significantly higher than the mean skin temperature of those in the shade.展开更多
To overcome the limitations of low efficiency and reliance on manual processes in the measurement of geometric parameters for bridge prefabricated components,a method based on deep learning and computer vision is deve...To overcome the limitations of low efficiency and reliance on manual processes in the measurement of geometric parameters for bridge prefabricated components,a method based on deep learning and computer vision is developed to identify the geometric parameters.The study utilizes a common precast element for highway bridges as the research subject.First,edge feature points of the bridge component section are extracted from images of the precast component cross-sections by combining the Canny operator with mathematical morphology.Subsequently,a deep learning model is developed to identify the geometric parameters of the precast components using the extracted edge coordinates from the images as input and the predefined control parameters of the bridge section as output.A dataset is generated by varying the control parameters and noise levels for model training.Finally,field measurements are conducted to validate the accuracy of the developed method.The results indicate that the developed method effectively identifies the geometric parameters of bridge precast components,with an error rate maintained within 5%.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intrathecal bupivacaine is the traditional anesthetic drug used in spinal anesthesia for caesarean sections(CSs),but ropivacaine has emerged as a potential alter-native.This meta-analysis compares the effic...BACKGROUND Intrathecal bupivacaine is the traditional anesthetic drug used in spinal anesthesia for caesarean sections(CSs),but ropivacaine has emerged as a potential alter-native.This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of intrathecal hyper-baric bupivacaine vs hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean sections.AIM To systematically evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine and hyperbaric ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia in CSs.METHODS A thorough search of electronic databases was carried out to find pertinent randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing intrathecal hyperbaric ropi-vacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine during CSs.PubMed,Cochrane database,Google Scholar,and Scopus were searched,and papers from January 2000 to January 2024 were deemed eligible and filtered using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Studies were assessed for methodological quality,and data were extracted for time to adequate anesthesia(sensory and motor blockade),duration of sensory and motor block,hemodynamic changes and side effect profile.The standardized mean difference with 95%CI was used for continuous data.Dichotomous variables were assessed using the Mantel-Haenszel test and the random effect model to compute the odds ratio.RESULTS Total 8 RCTs were selected from a pool of 119 search results for meta-analysis.The meta-analysis evaluated pooled effect sizes and assessed heterogeneity among the studies.The primary objective was to compare key outcomes to identify any significant variances in efficacy and safety profiles between two local anesthetics.The analysis revealed that the difference in the onset of sensory blockade between the two local anesthetics was statistically insignificant(P=0.1586).However,the onset of motor blockade appeared to be faster with bupivacaine(P=0.03589).Additionally,the regression of sensory and motor blockade occurred earlier in the ropivacaine group.Furthermore,the duration of the first analgesic effect was shorter with a significance level of P<0.05.Regarding side effects profile,including hypotension,nausea,and shivering,the study did not observe any significant differences between the two groups.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis offers insights into the effectiveness and safety of hyperbaric bupivacaine vs ropivacaine for cesarean sections.Hyperbaric ropivacaine had a comparable safety profile and faster regression of sensory and motor blockade than hyperbaric bupivacaine,perhaps aiding early mobilization of parturient and facilitating mother-child bonding.Choosing ropivacaine may offer benefits beyond efficacy for cesarean section patients and short surgical procedures.展开更多
Background: Cesarean sections have become increasingly prevalent in both developed and developing nations. Nevertheless, postoperative complications, including surgical site infections (SSIs), remain a substantial con...Background: Cesarean sections have become increasingly prevalent in both developed and developing nations. Nevertheless, postoperative complications, including surgical site infections (SSIs), remain a substantial concern that contributes to heightened morbidity and mortality. This study is designed to evaluate the frequency and key determining factors associated with surgical site infections following cesarean section procedures in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study, conducted at the Gynecology Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, involved 100 patients aged 15 - 45 who had cesarean deliveries. Data was collected during hospitalization and post-discharge and analyzed to determine the prevalence and relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and surgical site infection. Results: Among the study participants, 14% developed surgical site infections following cesarean operations. More than half of these patients were under the age of 25, with a mean age of 24.45 ± 4.44 years. Surgical site infections were more prevalent in individuals over 30 years old (P-value Conclusion: Post-cesarean surgical site infections are notably prevalent among the participants in this study. Several risk factors have been identified, including age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status, anemia, preterm delivery, personal hygiene practices, regular menstrual cycles, and adherence to antenatal check-ups. The implementation of an effective awareness program, coupled with updated antibiotic protocols, is crucial for significantly reducing the incidence of these infections.展开更多
Following votes by the Valanginian Working Group,the International Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy and the International Commission on Stratigraphy,the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geolog...Following votes by the Valanginian Working Group,the International Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy and the International Commission on Stratigraphy,the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences unanimously approved in December 2024 the Global Stratotype Section and Point(GSSP)for the Valanginian Stage(Cretaceous System).展开更多
Direct numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the evolution process of liquid metal laminar to turbulent flow in a rectangular duct under the influence of a non-uniform magnetic field.The Reynolds nu...Direct numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the evolution process of liquid metal laminar to turbulent flow in a rectangular duct under the influence of a non-uniform magnetic field.The Reynolds number is Re=6299,and the inlet Hartmann number is Ha=2900,with the magnetic field strength decreasing along the flow direction.The results indicate that the dynamic reversal of the three-dimensional(3D)Lorentz force direction near the inflection point of the magnetic field dominates the flow reconstruction,driving the wall jet acceleration and forming an M-type velocity distribution.Moreover,the high-speed shear layer of the jet triggers Kelvin-Helmholtz instability,resulting in the generation of secondary vortex structures near the parallel layer in the non-uniform magnetic field region.In the cross-section perpendicular to the flow direction,the secondary flow gradually evolves into a four-vortex structure,while the velocity fluctuations and turbulent kinetic energy reach the peak.Based on the characteristics of the vortex rotation direction near the shear layer,the intrinsic mechanism behind the unique bimodal distribution of the root-mean-square of velocity fluctuations in the parallel layers is revealed.Furthermore,by comparing the evolution of turbulence under different magnetic field gradients,it is revealed that the distributions of shear stress,Reynolds stress,and turbulent kinetic energy exhibit significant parameter dependence.The strong 3D magnetohydrodynamic effects at the magnetic field gradientγ=0.6 have an immediate impact on the pressure distribution.The transverse Lorentz force LFz further promotes the fluid to accumulate at the wall,leading to a significant increase in the pressure drop and transverse pressure difference in the flow.展开更多
Tissue clearing combined with high-resolution confocal imaging is a cutting-edge approach for dissecting the three-dimensional(3D)architecture of tissues and deciphering cellular spatial interactions under physiologic...Tissue clearing combined with high-resolution confocal imaging is a cutting-edge approach for dissecting the three-dimensional(3D)architecture of tissues and deciphering cellular spatial interactions under physiological and pathological conditions.Deciphering the spatial interaction of leptin receptor-expressing(LepR^(+))stromal cells with other compartments in the bone marrow is crucial for a deeper understanding of the stem cell niche and the skeletal tissue.In this study,we introduce an optimized protocol for the 3D analysis of skeletal tissues,enabling the visualization of hematopoietic and stromal cells,especially LepR+stromal cells,within optically cleared bone hemisections.Our method preserves the 3D tissue architecture and is extendable to other hematopoietic sites such as calvaria and vertebrae.The protocol entails tissue fixation,decalcification,and cryosectioning to reveal the marrow cavity.Completed within approximately 12 days,this process yields highly transparent tissues that maintain genetically encoded or antibody-stained fluorescent signals.The bone hemisections are compatible with diverse antibody labeling strategies.Confocal microscopy of these transparent samples allows for qualitative and quantitative image analysis using Aivia or Bitplane Imaris software,assessing a spectrum of parameters.With proper storage,the fluorescent signal in the stained and cleared bone hemisections remains intact for at least 2–3 months.This protocol is robust,straightforward to implement,and highly reproducible,offering a valuable tool for tissue architecture and cellular interaction studies.展开更多
Growth of high-quality Nb_(3)Sn thin films for superconducting radiofrequency(SRF)applications using the vapor diffusion method requires a uniform distribution of tin nuclei on the niobium(Nb)surface.This study examin...Growth of high-quality Nb_(3)Sn thin films for superconducting radiofrequency(SRF)applications using the vapor diffusion method requires a uniform distribution of tin nuclei on the niobium(Nb)surface.This study examines the mechanism underlying the observed non-uniform distribution of tin nuclei with tin chloride SnCl_(2).Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis was used to examine the correlation between the nucleation behavior and orientation of niobium grains in the substrate.The findings of the density functional theory(DFT)simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results,showing that the non-uniform distribution of tin nuclei is the result of the adsorption energy of SnCl_(2)molecules by varied niobium grain orientations.Further analysis indicated that the surface roughness and grain size of niobium also played significant roles in the nucleation behavior.This study provides valuable insights into enhancing the surface pretreatment of niobium substrates during the growth of Nb_(3)Sn thin films using the vapor diffusion method.展开更多
The El Pintado 1 Silurian section in Seville Province,Spain,described by Loydell et al.(2015),has been ratified by the IUGS as the replacement GSSP for the base of the Telychian Stage,to replace the Cefn Cerig quarry ...The El Pintado 1 Silurian section in Seville Province,Spain,described by Loydell et al.(2015),has been ratified by the IUGS as the replacement GSSP for the base of the Telychian Stage,to replace the Cefn Cerig quarry section in the Llandovery area of Wales,which was found to be within a sedimentary mélange and therefore not a continuous section.No section other than El Pintado 1 has been found to be continuously fossiliferous across the Aeronian/Telychian boundary.展开更多
Cooling system design applicable to more than one photovoltaic(PV)unit may be challenging due to the arrangement and geometry of the modules.Different cooling techniques are provided in this study to regulate the temp...Cooling system design applicable to more than one photovoltaic(PV)unit may be challenging due to the arrangement and geometry of the modules.Different cooling techniques are provided in this study to regulate the temperature of conductive panels that are arranged perpendicular to each other.The model uses two vented cavity systems and one L-shaped channel with ternary nanofluid enhanced non-uniform magnetic field.Their cooling performances and comparative results between different systems are provided.The finite element method is used to conduct a numerical analysis for a range of values of the following:the strength of themagnetic field(Hartmann number(Ha)between 0 and 50),the inclination of the magnetic field(γbetween 0 and 90),and the loading of nanoparticles in the base fluid(ϕbetween 0 and 0.03),taking into account both uniformand non-uniformmagnetic fields.For the L-shaped channel and vented cavities,vortex size is controlled by imposing magnetic field and adjusting its strength.Whether uniform or non-uniform magnetic field is applied affects the cooling performances for different cooling configurations.Temperature drops of the horizontal panel with different magnetic field strengths by using channel cooling,vented cavity-1 and vented cavity-2 systems for uniformmagnetic are 11℃,21.5℃,and 3℃when the reference case of Ha=0 is considered for the same cooling systems.However,they become 9.5℃,13.5℃,and 12.5℃when nonuniform magnetic field is used.In the presence of uniform magnetic field effects and changing its magnitude,the use of cooling channel in vented cavity-1 and vented cavity-2 systems results in temperature drops of 4℃,10.8℃,and 3.8℃for vertical panels.On the other hand,when non-uniform magnetic field effects are present,they become 0.5℃,2.1℃,and 9℃.For L-channel cooling,the average Nu for the horizontal panel is more affected byγ,andNu rises asγrises.With increasing nanoparticle loading of ternary nanofluid,the average panel surface temperature shows a linear drop.For the horizontal panel,the temperature declines for nanofluid at the highest loading are 4℃,10℃,and 12℃as compared to using only base fluid.The values of 5℃,7℃,and 11℃are obtained for the vertical panel.Different cooling systems’performance is estimated using artificial neural networks.The method captures the combined impact of applying non-uniformmagnetic field and nanofluid together on the cooling performancewhile accounting for varied cooling strategies for both panels.展开更多
To thoroughly examine the complex relationships between tire and pavement vibrations,a sophisticated vehicle-pavement coupled system is proposed,incorporating a non-uniform dynamic friction force between the tire and ...To thoroughly examine the complex relationships between tire and pavement vibrations,a sophisticated vehicle-pavement coupled system is proposed,incorporating a non-uniform dynamic friction force between the tire and the pavement.According to the Timoshenko beam theory,a dynamic model of pavement structure with a finite length beam was formulated on a nonlinear Pasternak foundation.To more accurately describe the coupling relationship between the tire and the pavement,and to take into account the vibration state under vehicle-pavement interaction,the load distribution between the tire and the pavement is modeled as a dynamic non-uniform contact.Combined with the classic LuGre tire model,the adhesion between the tire and the pavement is calculated.The Galerkin truncation method is employed to transform the pavement vibration partial differential equation into a finite ordinary differential equation,and the integral expression of the nonlinear foundation beam term is derived using the product to sum formula.By using the Runge-Kutta method,the tire-road coupled system can be numerically calculated,thus determining tire adhesion.This research demonstrates that compared with tire force under the traditional static load distribution,load distribution has a significant influence on adhesion.This study offers valuable insights for pavement structure design and vehicle performance control.展开更多
Acute pulmonary edema is a leading cause of death in patients with preeclampsia.The authors reported a case of a pregnant woman at 25 weeks of gestation with severe preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema,who requ...Acute pulmonary edema is a leading cause of death in patients with preeclampsia.The authors reported a case of a pregnant woman at 25 weeks of gestation with severe preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema,who required an emergency cesarean section,posing a significant challenge to the anesthesiologist.The patient had developed Type 1 respiratory failure and needed supplemental oxygen with high-flow nasal oxygen.Due to contraindications for neuraxial anesthesia,the cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia.After induction of anesthesia,the patient’s hypoxemia worsened.Eventually,after treatment with fluid restriction,diuretics,and albumin,oxygenation improved gradually,and the procedure was performed successfully.Both the patient and the newborn had a good prognosis.展开更多
In low-light image enhancement,prevailing Retinex-based methods often struggle with precise illumina-tion estimation and brightness modulation.This can result in issues such as halo artifacts,blurred edges,and diminis...In low-light image enhancement,prevailing Retinex-based methods often struggle with precise illumina-tion estimation and brightness modulation.This can result in issues such as halo artifacts,blurred edges,and diminished details in bright regions,particularly under non-uniform illumination conditions.We propose an innovative approach that refines low-light images by leveraging an in-depth awareness of local content within the image.By introducing multi-scale effective guided filtering,our method surpasses the limitations of traditional isotropic filters,such as Gaussian filters,in handling non-uniform illumination.It dynamically adjusts regularization parameters in response to local image characteristics and significantly integrates edge perception across different scales.This balanced approach achieves a harmonious blend of smoothing and detail preservation,enabling more accurate illumination estimation.Additionally,we have designed an adaptive gamma correction function that dynamically adjusts the brightness value based on local pixel intensity,further balancing enhancement effects across different brightness levels in the image.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method for non-uniform illumination images across various scenarios.It exhibits superior quality and objective evaluation scores compared to existing methods.Our method effectively addresses potential issues that existing methods encounter when processing non-uniform illumination images,producing enhanced images with precise details and natural,vivid colors.展开更多
The identification and characterization of rock types is a core activity in geology and related fields,including mining,petroleum,environmental science,industry,and construction.Traditionally,this task is performed by...The identification and characterization of rock types is a core activity in geology and related fields,including mining,petroleum,environmental science,industry,and construction.Traditionally,this task is performed by human specialists who analyze and describe the type,composition,texture,shape,and other properties of rock samples,whether collected in-situ or prepared in a laboratory.However,the process is subjective,dependent on the specialist’s experience,and time-consuming.This study proposes an artificial intelligence-based approach that combines computer vision and natural language processing to generate both textual and verbal descriptions from images of rock thin sections.A dataset of images and corresponding textual descriptions is used to train a hybrid deep learning model.Features extracted from the images using EfficientNetB7 are processed by a Transformer network to generate textual descriptions,which are then converted into verbal responses using a speech synthesis service.The experimental results show an accuracy of 0.892 and a BLEU score of 0.71.This model offers potential utility for research,professional,and academic applications and has been deployed as a web application for public use.展开更多
To investigate the influence of non-uniform water distribution on the mechanical properties and failure behavior of red sandstone,we designed five immersion heights and durations to achieve varying non-uniform water d...To investigate the influence of non-uniform water distribution on the mechanical properties and failure behavior of red sandstone,we designed five immersion heights and durations to achieve varying non-uniform water distribution states.Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on red sandstone under these conditions.The effects of non-uniform water distribution on deformation,failure,strength,and energy characteristics of red sandstone were analyzed.The impact of non-uniform water distribution on the intensity of rock failure was discussed,and the failure mechanism under non-uniform water distribution was revealed.The hazards of low immersion heights on underground rock structures were analyzed.The results demonstrate that peak strength and elastic modulus of red sandstone exhibit high sensitivity to immersion height,with reductions of 38%and 23%respectively even at L=1/50H.Water immersion reduces both energy storage capacity and energy dissipation capability of red sandstone.The immersion height and duration influence the failure mode of red sandstone by controlling the migration and separation of dry-wet interfaces.Low immersion height poses significant risks to underground rock structures(e.g.,a 38%strength reduction when L=1/50H),and the concentration degree of water non-uniform distribution is the key factor in assessing the weakening effect of water on rocks.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of nurse-led instructional video(NLIV)on anxiety,satisfaction,and recovery among mothers admitted for cesarean section(CS).Materials and Methods:A quasi...Objective:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of nurse-led instructional video(NLIV)on anxiety,satisfaction,and recovery among mothers admitted for cesarean section(CS).Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental design was carried out on the mothers scheduled for CS.Eighty participants were selected by a purposive sampling technique,which were divided(40 participants in each group)into an experimental group and a control group.Nurse-led informational video(NLIV)was shown to the experimental group,and routine care was provided for the control group.Modified hospital anxiety scale(HADS),scale for measuring maternal satisfaction in cesarean birth,and obstetric quality of recovery following cesarean delivery were used to assess anxiety,satisfaction,and recovery.Results:Both the experimental and control groups showed significant reductions in anxiety by the first postintervention day(P<0.001),with the experimental group experiencing a greater mean reduction(mean difference[MD]=4.37)than the control group(MD=3.35)but the intergroup difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The experimental group reported significantly higher satisfaction scores(175.55±9.42)on the 3rd postoperative day compared to the control group(151.93±14.89;P<0.001).Similarly,the experimental group’s recovery scores(79.90±6.24)were considerably higher than those of the control group(62.45±15.18;P<0.001).On the 3rd postintervention day,satisfaction was significantly associated with age(P<0.001),and recovery with gravidity(P<0.05).Conclusions:NLIV can be used in the preoperative period to reduce anxiety related to CS and to improve satisfaction and recovery after the CS.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical outcome of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome differentiation combined with hysteroscopic treatment for uterine incision defect after cesarean section[previous cesarean scar d...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical outcome of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome differentiation combined with hysteroscopic treatment for uterine incision defect after cesarean section[previous cesarean scar defect(PCSD)]after cesarean section.METHODS:This is a single-center retrospective study.A total of 120 PCSD patients were enrolled from February 2022 to February 2023 and divided into two groups according to different treatment methods,the TCM group(n=60)and the control group(n=60).The control group was treated with hysteroscopy,and the TCM group combined TCM syndrome differentiation with hysteroscopy.Clinical outcome included menstrual scores,menstrual days,TCM symptom scores and intrauterine pregnancy recurrence rate was analyzed in two groups.RESULTS:The total response rate of the TCM group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);after treatment,the menstrual scores,menstrual days and TCM symptoms of the two groups were decreased,and the menstrual scores,menstrual days and TCM symptoms of the TCM group were all lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);the recurrence rate of the TCM group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Follow-up results showed higher healing of incisional scar diverticulum in the TCM group than in the control group(P<0.05).The duration of menstruation before and after treatment,and the TCM group was better than the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:TCM syndrome differentiation combined with hysteroscopy presented favorable outcome on the prolonged menstrual period of PCSD,which could significantly improve the recovery of menstruation,relief the symptoms of TCM,reduce the recurrence rate and accelerate wound healing.展开更多
The purpose of this article is to explore the design of compound interchange interweaving sections on expressways.During the research phase,based on the support of the literature research method,the classification and...The purpose of this article is to explore the design of compound interchange interweaving sections on expressways.During the research phase,based on the support of the literature research method,the classification and development of the interchange system,as well as the design forms of the compound interchange interweaving section,were analyzed.Subsequently,based on the case method,the design of the compound interchange interweaving section of the ShiWu and ShiBai expressways in Shiyan,Hubei Province,was discussed,and a design scheme and scheme comparison were proposed.It is hoped that this article can provide technical reference and ideas for China’s road and bridge engineering teams,ensuring that the design results can not only guarantee the normal passage of traffic on the North Intersection Expressway but also ensure the straight-line traffic capacity of the main highway under the background of dislocation intersection,achieving smooth and safe transitions between different expressways.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the step reduction method is discussed, which was advanced by Prof. Yeh Kai-yuan for calculating a non-uniform beam with various sections. The following result is proved. The approximate solution by this method approaches the true solution if the number of the steps approaches the infinity. However, the measure of the error between the limit solution and the ture solution is not in the pure mathematics sense but in the mechanics sense.
文摘In indoor environments and shady outdoor environments, there is little influence of short-wavelength solar radiation, so a strikingly non-uniform and asymmetric environment is not formed. In outdoor sunny environment, however, shaded areas occur even for the same site of the body, and a remarkable difference in skin temperature is considered to occur under the influence of the short-wavelength solar radiation. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the non-uniform and asymmetric thermal radiation of short-wavelength solar radiation in outdoor environment on the division of the body surface section and the calculation of the mean skin temperature. The skin temperature of the front of the coronal surface, which was facing the sun and where the body received direct short-wavelength solar radiation, and the skin temperature of the rear of the coronal surface, which was in the shadow and did not receive direct short-wavelength solar radiation were respectively measured. The feet, upper arm, forearm, hand and lower leg, which are susceptible to short-wavelength solar radiation in a standing posture, had a noticeable difference in skin temperature between sites in the sun and in shade. The mean skin temperature of sites facing the sun was significantly higher than the mean skin temperature of those in the shade.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52338011,52378291)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022-2024QNRC0101).
文摘To overcome the limitations of low efficiency and reliance on manual processes in the measurement of geometric parameters for bridge prefabricated components,a method based on deep learning and computer vision is developed to identify the geometric parameters.The study utilizes a common precast element for highway bridges as the research subject.First,edge feature points of the bridge component section are extracted from images of the precast component cross-sections by combining the Canny operator with mathematical morphology.Subsequently,a deep learning model is developed to identify the geometric parameters of the precast components using the extracted edge coordinates from the images as input and the predefined control parameters of the bridge section as output.A dataset is generated by varying the control parameters and noise levels for model training.Finally,field measurements are conducted to validate the accuracy of the developed method.The results indicate that the developed method effectively identifies the geometric parameters of bridge precast components,with an error rate maintained within 5%.
文摘BACKGROUND Intrathecal bupivacaine is the traditional anesthetic drug used in spinal anesthesia for caesarean sections(CSs),but ropivacaine has emerged as a potential alter-native.This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of intrathecal hyper-baric bupivacaine vs hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean sections.AIM To systematically evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine and hyperbaric ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia in CSs.METHODS A thorough search of electronic databases was carried out to find pertinent randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing intrathecal hyperbaric ropi-vacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine during CSs.PubMed,Cochrane database,Google Scholar,and Scopus were searched,and papers from January 2000 to January 2024 were deemed eligible and filtered using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Studies were assessed for methodological quality,and data were extracted for time to adequate anesthesia(sensory and motor blockade),duration of sensory and motor block,hemodynamic changes and side effect profile.The standardized mean difference with 95%CI was used for continuous data.Dichotomous variables were assessed using the Mantel-Haenszel test and the random effect model to compute the odds ratio.RESULTS Total 8 RCTs were selected from a pool of 119 search results for meta-analysis.The meta-analysis evaluated pooled effect sizes and assessed heterogeneity among the studies.The primary objective was to compare key outcomes to identify any significant variances in efficacy and safety profiles between two local anesthetics.The analysis revealed that the difference in the onset of sensory blockade between the two local anesthetics was statistically insignificant(P=0.1586).However,the onset of motor blockade appeared to be faster with bupivacaine(P=0.03589).Additionally,the regression of sensory and motor blockade occurred earlier in the ropivacaine group.Furthermore,the duration of the first analgesic effect was shorter with a significance level of P<0.05.Regarding side effects profile,including hypotension,nausea,and shivering,the study did not observe any significant differences between the two groups.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis offers insights into the effectiveness and safety of hyperbaric bupivacaine vs ropivacaine for cesarean sections.Hyperbaric ropivacaine had a comparable safety profile and faster regression of sensory and motor blockade than hyperbaric bupivacaine,perhaps aiding early mobilization of parturient and facilitating mother-child bonding.Choosing ropivacaine may offer benefits beyond efficacy for cesarean section patients and short surgical procedures.
文摘Background: Cesarean sections have become increasingly prevalent in both developed and developing nations. Nevertheless, postoperative complications, including surgical site infections (SSIs), remain a substantial concern that contributes to heightened morbidity and mortality. This study is designed to evaluate the frequency and key determining factors associated with surgical site infections following cesarean section procedures in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study, conducted at the Gynecology Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, involved 100 patients aged 15 - 45 who had cesarean deliveries. Data was collected during hospitalization and post-discharge and analyzed to determine the prevalence and relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and surgical site infection. Results: Among the study participants, 14% developed surgical site infections following cesarean operations. More than half of these patients were under the age of 25, with a mean age of 24.45 ± 4.44 years. Surgical site infections were more prevalent in individuals over 30 years old (P-value Conclusion: Post-cesarean surgical site infections are notably prevalent among the participants in this study. Several risk factors have been identified, including age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status, anemia, preterm delivery, personal hygiene practices, regular menstrual cycles, and adherence to antenatal check-ups. The implementation of an effective awareness program, coupled with updated antibiotic protocols, is crucial for significantly reducing the incidence of these infections.
基金support of a project(2021-2023)funded by the Polish and French Ministries of foreign affairs(Partenariat Hubert Curien,cf.the current palaeomagnetic study that also includes the contribution of Chmielewski Andrezj,Iwanczuk Jolanta and Ploch Izabela from the Polish Geological Institute of Warsaw,colleagues who are hereby thanked)the CNRS SYSTER program(WOAW SYSTER French project,with the contribution of two students Lea Baubant and Durel Franchevel who are acknowledged),Project APVV-20-0079(Slovakian National Grant Agency,thanks to Diana Olveczka)and various grants from the Laboratoire de Geologie de Lyon.
文摘Following votes by the Valanginian Working Group,the International Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy and the International Commission on Stratigraphy,the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences unanimously approved in December 2024 the Global Stratotype Section and Point(GSSP)for the Valanginian Stage(Cretaceous System).
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-087)and the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204100)。
文摘Direct numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the evolution process of liquid metal laminar to turbulent flow in a rectangular duct under the influence of a non-uniform magnetic field.The Reynolds number is Re=6299,and the inlet Hartmann number is Ha=2900,with the magnetic field strength decreasing along the flow direction.The results indicate that the dynamic reversal of the three-dimensional(3D)Lorentz force direction near the inflection point of the magnetic field dominates the flow reconstruction,driving the wall jet acceleration and forming an M-type velocity distribution.Moreover,the high-speed shear layer of the jet triggers Kelvin-Helmholtz instability,resulting in the generation of secondary vortex structures near the parallel layer in the non-uniform magnetic field region.In the cross-section perpendicular to the flow direction,the secondary flow gradually evolves into a four-vortex structure,while the velocity fluctuations and turbulent kinetic energy reach the peak.Based on the characteristics of the vortex rotation direction near the shear layer,the intrinsic mechanism behind the unique bimodal distribution of the root-mean-square of velocity fluctuations in the parallel layers is revealed.Furthermore,by comparing the evolution of turbulence under different magnetic field gradients,it is revealed that the distributions of shear stress,Reynolds stress,and turbulent kinetic energy exhibit significant parameter dependence.The strong 3D magnetohydrodynamic effects at the magnetic field gradientγ=0.6 have an immediate impact on the pressure distribution.The transverse Lorentz force LFz further promotes the fluid to accumulate at the wall,leading to a significant increase in the pressure drop and transverse pressure difference in the flow.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82272563 to B.S.)National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant number 2023ZD0501202 to B.S.)+4 种基金institutional grants allocated to the National Institute of Biological Sciences,Beijing(NIBS)from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology,Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology,and Tsinghua Universitythe support from China Pharmaceutical University(grant number 3150140001 to S.F.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 82203653 to S.F.,82371957 to L.W.,and 82371956 to X.C.)Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Institutes(grant number JYY2023-8 to X.C.)Research Grants Council of University Grants Committee Hong Kong(grant numbers 14113723,14108720,14121721,14202920,N_CUHK472/22,C7030-18G,T13-402/17-N,and AoE/M-402/20)。
文摘Tissue clearing combined with high-resolution confocal imaging is a cutting-edge approach for dissecting the three-dimensional(3D)architecture of tissues and deciphering cellular spatial interactions under physiological and pathological conditions.Deciphering the spatial interaction of leptin receptor-expressing(LepR^(+))stromal cells with other compartments in the bone marrow is crucial for a deeper understanding of the stem cell niche and the skeletal tissue.In this study,we introduce an optimized protocol for the 3D analysis of skeletal tissues,enabling the visualization of hematopoietic and stromal cells,especially LepR+stromal cells,within optically cleared bone hemisections.Our method preserves the 3D tissue architecture and is extendable to other hematopoietic sites such as calvaria and vertebrae.The protocol entails tissue fixation,decalcification,and cryosectioning to reveal the marrow cavity.Completed within approximately 12 days,this process yields highly transparent tissues that maintain genetically encoded or antibody-stained fluorescent signals.The bone hemisections are compatible with diverse antibody labeling strategies.Confocal microscopy of these transparent samples allows for qualitative and quantitative image analysis using Aivia or Bitplane Imaris software,assessing a spectrum of parameters.With proper storage,the fluorescent signal in the stained and cleared bone hemisections remains intact for at least 2–3 months.This protocol is robust,straightforward to implement,and highly reproducible,offering a valuable tool for tissue architecture and cellular interaction studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175283)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020410)Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(HND20TDSPCD,HND22PTDZD).
文摘Growth of high-quality Nb_(3)Sn thin films for superconducting radiofrequency(SRF)applications using the vapor diffusion method requires a uniform distribution of tin nuclei on the niobium(Nb)surface.This study examines the mechanism underlying the observed non-uniform distribution of tin nuclei with tin chloride SnCl_(2).Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis was used to examine the correlation between the nucleation behavior and orientation of niobium grains in the substrate.The findings of the density functional theory(DFT)simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results,showing that the non-uniform distribution of tin nuclei is the result of the adsorption energy of SnCl_(2)molecules by varied niobium grain orientations.Further analysis indicated that the surface roughness and grain size of niobium also played significant roles in the nucleation behavior.This study provides valuable insights into enhancing the surface pretreatment of niobium substrates during the growth of Nb_(3)Sn thin films using the vapor diffusion method.
基金funded by project PDI2021-125585NB-I00 of the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities‒Agencia Estatal de Investigacion.JF thanks the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic for support of his study(GA23-06198S).
文摘The El Pintado 1 Silurian section in Seville Province,Spain,described by Loydell et al.(2015),has been ratified by the IUGS as the replacement GSSP for the base of the Telychian Stage,to replace the Cefn Cerig quarry section in the Llandovery area of Wales,which was found to be within a sedimentary mélange and therefore not a continuous section.No section other than El Pintado 1 has been found to be continuously fossiliferous across the Aeronian/Telychian boundary.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research and Libraries,Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,through the Program of Research Project Funding after Publication,grant No.(RPFAP-88-1445).
文摘Cooling system design applicable to more than one photovoltaic(PV)unit may be challenging due to the arrangement and geometry of the modules.Different cooling techniques are provided in this study to regulate the temperature of conductive panels that are arranged perpendicular to each other.The model uses two vented cavity systems and one L-shaped channel with ternary nanofluid enhanced non-uniform magnetic field.Their cooling performances and comparative results between different systems are provided.The finite element method is used to conduct a numerical analysis for a range of values of the following:the strength of themagnetic field(Hartmann number(Ha)between 0 and 50),the inclination of the magnetic field(γbetween 0 and 90),and the loading of nanoparticles in the base fluid(ϕbetween 0 and 0.03),taking into account both uniformand non-uniformmagnetic fields.For the L-shaped channel and vented cavities,vortex size is controlled by imposing magnetic field and adjusting its strength.Whether uniform or non-uniform magnetic field is applied affects the cooling performances for different cooling configurations.Temperature drops of the horizontal panel with different magnetic field strengths by using channel cooling,vented cavity-1 and vented cavity-2 systems for uniformmagnetic are 11℃,21.5℃,and 3℃when the reference case of Ha=0 is considered for the same cooling systems.However,they become 9.5℃,13.5℃,and 12.5℃when nonuniform magnetic field is used.In the presence of uniform magnetic field effects and changing its magnitude,the use of cooling channel in vented cavity-1 and vented cavity-2 systems results in temperature drops of 4℃,10.8℃,and 3.8℃for vertical panels.On the other hand,when non-uniform magnetic field effects are present,they become 0.5℃,2.1℃,and 9℃.For L-channel cooling,the average Nu for the horizontal panel is more affected byγ,andNu rises asγrises.With increasing nanoparticle loading of ternary nanofluid,the average panel surface temperature shows a linear drop.For the horizontal panel,the temperature declines for nanofluid at the highest loading are 4℃,10℃,and 12℃as compared to using only base fluid.The values of 5℃,7℃,and 11℃are obtained for the vertical panel.Different cooling systems’performance is estimated using artificial neural networks.The method captures the combined impact of applying non-uniformmagnetic field and nanofluid together on the cooling performancewhile accounting for varied cooling strategies for both panels.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12072204).
文摘To thoroughly examine the complex relationships between tire and pavement vibrations,a sophisticated vehicle-pavement coupled system is proposed,incorporating a non-uniform dynamic friction force between the tire and the pavement.According to the Timoshenko beam theory,a dynamic model of pavement structure with a finite length beam was formulated on a nonlinear Pasternak foundation.To more accurately describe the coupling relationship between the tire and the pavement,and to take into account the vibration state under vehicle-pavement interaction,the load distribution between the tire and the pavement is modeled as a dynamic non-uniform contact.Combined with the classic LuGre tire model,the adhesion between the tire and the pavement is calculated.The Galerkin truncation method is employed to transform the pavement vibration partial differential equation into a finite ordinary differential equation,and the integral expression of the nonlinear foundation beam term is derived using the product to sum formula.By using the Runge-Kutta method,the tire-road coupled system can be numerically calculated,thus determining tire adhesion.This research demonstrates that compared with tire force under the traditional static load distribution,load distribution has a significant influence on adhesion.This study offers valuable insights for pavement structure design and vehicle performance control.
文摘Acute pulmonary edema is a leading cause of death in patients with preeclampsia.The authors reported a case of a pregnant woman at 25 weeks of gestation with severe preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema,who required an emergency cesarean section,posing a significant challenge to the anesthesiologist.The patient had developed Type 1 respiratory failure and needed supplemental oxygen with high-flow nasal oxygen.Due to contraindications for neuraxial anesthesia,the cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia.After induction of anesthesia,the patient’s hypoxemia worsened.Eventually,after treatment with fluid restriction,diuretics,and albumin,oxygenation improved gradually,and the procedure was performed successfully.Both the patient and the newborn had a good prognosis.
文摘In low-light image enhancement,prevailing Retinex-based methods often struggle with precise illumina-tion estimation and brightness modulation.This can result in issues such as halo artifacts,blurred edges,and diminished details in bright regions,particularly under non-uniform illumination conditions.We propose an innovative approach that refines low-light images by leveraging an in-depth awareness of local content within the image.By introducing multi-scale effective guided filtering,our method surpasses the limitations of traditional isotropic filters,such as Gaussian filters,in handling non-uniform illumination.It dynamically adjusts regularization parameters in response to local image characteristics and significantly integrates edge perception across different scales.This balanced approach achieves a harmonious blend of smoothing and detail preservation,enabling more accurate illumination estimation.Additionally,we have designed an adaptive gamma correction function that dynamically adjusts the brightness value based on local pixel intensity,further balancing enhancement effects across different brightness levels in the image.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method for non-uniform illumination images across various scenarios.It exhibits superior quality and objective evaluation scores compared to existing methods.Our method effectively addresses potential issues that existing methods encounter when processing non-uniform illumination images,producing enhanced images with precise details and natural,vivid colors.
文摘The identification and characterization of rock types is a core activity in geology and related fields,including mining,petroleum,environmental science,industry,and construction.Traditionally,this task is performed by human specialists who analyze and describe the type,composition,texture,shape,and other properties of rock samples,whether collected in-situ or prepared in a laboratory.However,the process is subjective,dependent on the specialist’s experience,and time-consuming.This study proposes an artificial intelligence-based approach that combines computer vision and natural language processing to generate both textual and verbal descriptions from images of rock thin sections.A dataset of images and corresponding textual descriptions is used to train a hybrid deep learning model.Features extracted from the images using EfficientNetB7 are processed by a Transformer network to generate textual descriptions,which are then converted into verbal responses using a speech synthesis service.The experimental results show an accuracy of 0.892 and a BLEU score of 0.71.This model offers potential utility for research,professional,and academic applications and has been deployed as a web application for public use.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52474133,52304227,52304091,and 52374095)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2025JJ50316 and 2023JJ40548).
文摘To investigate the influence of non-uniform water distribution on the mechanical properties and failure behavior of red sandstone,we designed five immersion heights and durations to achieve varying non-uniform water distribution states.Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on red sandstone under these conditions.The effects of non-uniform water distribution on deformation,failure,strength,and energy characteristics of red sandstone were analyzed.The impact of non-uniform water distribution on the intensity of rock failure was discussed,and the failure mechanism under non-uniform water distribution was revealed.The hazards of low immersion heights on underground rock structures were analyzed.The results demonstrate that peak strength and elastic modulus of red sandstone exhibit high sensitivity to immersion height,with reductions of 38%and 23%respectively even at L=1/50H.Water immersion reduces both energy storage capacity and energy dissipation capability of red sandstone.The immersion height and duration influence the failure mode of red sandstone by controlling the migration and separation of dry-wet interfaces.Low immersion height poses significant risks to underground rock structures(e.g.,a 38%strength reduction when L=1/50H),and the concentration degree of water non-uniform distribution is the key factor in assessing the weakening effect of water on rocks.
文摘Objective:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of nurse-led instructional video(NLIV)on anxiety,satisfaction,and recovery among mothers admitted for cesarean section(CS).Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental design was carried out on the mothers scheduled for CS.Eighty participants were selected by a purposive sampling technique,which were divided(40 participants in each group)into an experimental group and a control group.Nurse-led informational video(NLIV)was shown to the experimental group,and routine care was provided for the control group.Modified hospital anxiety scale(HADS),scale for measuring maternal satisfaction in cesarean birth,and obstetric quality of recovery following cesarean delivery were used to assess anxiety,satisfaction,and recovery.Results:Both the experimental and control groups showed significant reductions in anxiety by the first postintervention day(P<0.001),with the experimental group experiencing a greater mean reduction(mean difference[MD]=4.37)than the control group(MD=3.35)but the intergroup difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The experimental group reported significantly higher satisfaction scores(175.55±9.42)on the 3rd postoperative day compared to the control group(151.93±14.89;P<0.001).Similarly,the experimental group’s recovery scores(79.90±6.24)were considerably higher than those of the control group(62.45±15.18;P<0.001).On the 3rd postintervention day,satisfaction was significantly associated with age(P<0.001),and recovery with gravidity(P<0.05).Conclusions:NLIV can be used in the preoperative period to reduce anxiety related to CS and to improve satisfaction and recovery after the CS.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical outcome of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome differentiation combined with hysteroscopic treatment for uterine incision defect after cesarean section[previous cesarean scar defect(PCSD)]after cesarean section.METHODS:This is a single-center retrospective study.A total of 120 PCSD patients were enrolled from February 2022 to February 2023 and divided into two groups according to different treatment methods,the TCM group(n=60)and the control group(n=60).The control group was treated with hysteroscopy,and the TCM group combined TCM syndrome differentiation with hysteroscopy.Clinical outcome included menstrual scores,menstrual days,TCM symptom scores and intrauterine pregnancy recurrence rate was analyzed in two groups.RESULTS:The total response rate of the TCM group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);after treatment,the menstrual scores,menstrual days and TCM symptoms of the two groups were decreased,and the menstrual scores,menstrual days and TCM symptoms of the TCM group were all lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);the recurrence rate of the TCM group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Follow-up results showed higher healing of incisional scar diverticulum in the TCM group than in the control group(P<0.05).The duration of menstruation before and after treatment,and the TCM group was better than the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:TCM syndrome differentiation combined with hysteroscopy presented favorable outcome on the prolonged menstrual period of PCSD,which could significantly improve the recovery of menstruation,relief the symptoms of TCM,reduce the recurrence rate and accelerate wound healing.
文摘The purpose of this article is to explore the design of compound interchange interweaving sections on expressways.During the research phase,based on the support of the literature research method,the classification and development of the interchange system,as well as the design forms of the compound interchange interweaving section,were analyzed.Subsequently,based on the case method,the design of the compound interchange interweaving section of the ShiWu and ShiBai expressways in Shiyan,Hubei Province,was discussed,and a design scheme and scheme comparison were proposed.It is hoped that this article can provide technical reference and ideas for China’s road and bridge engineering teams,ensuring that the design results can not only guarantee the normal passage of traffic on the North Intersection Expressway but also ensure the straight-line traffic capacity of the main highway under the background of dislocation intersection,achieving smooth and safe transitions between different expressways.
