[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guid...[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guidelines for environmental safety evaluation on chemical pesticides＂, the toxicity of myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves on non-target organisms was determined and the safety evaluation was carried out. [Result] MyriceUn and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-target organisms, such as earthworm, silkworm and soil microbes. Myricetin showed low toxicity and the crude extract of M. rubra leaves showed middle toxicity on tadpole. The high-concentration crude extract of M. rubra leaves had some antifeedant effect on silkworm. [ Conclusion] Myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-tar- get organisms in environment and they were relatively safe.展开更多
Based on linguistic theories which developed by Saussure and some other contemporary linguists, this article attempts to analyze the factors that cause low English parole competence of the contemporary college student...Based on linguistic theories which developed by Saussure and some other contemporary linguists, this article attempts to analyze the factors that cause low English parole competence of the contemporary college students under non-target language environment. It views that how to properly deal with the relationship between langue and parole is still a debating focus in applied linguistics. The result of low English parole competence of contemporary college students is due to the interaction of the contemporary College English syllabus, text books pedagogies and the English language level of both students and teachers. Thus it puts forward some suggestions to improve the college students＇ English parole competence.展开更多
Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in Ch...Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in China. Limited studies have been conducted on the ecological impacts of transgenic insect-resistant cotton, especially for transgenic double genes （Bt＋CpTI） cotton, in this region. In this study, the potential effects of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton on the seasonal abundance of non-target pests and predators were assessed from 2009 to 2011 in Korla, Xinjiang. The results showed that species composition and seasonal abundance of 5 groups of pests and 5 groups of predators were not significantly different between transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton and non-transgenic cotton every year. It suggests that transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton per se does not affect the population dynamics of non-target pests and predators on this crop in Xinjiang.展开更多
A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of transgenic japonica rice（KMD1 and KMD2） with a synthetic cry1 Ab gene from Bacillus thuingiensis Berliner on population dynamics and seasonal average densiti...A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of transgenic japonica rice（KMD1 and KMD2） with a synthetic cry1 Ab gene from Bacillus thuingiensis Berliner on population dynamics and seasonal average densities of five thrips species including Stenchaetothrips biformis（Bagnall）,Frankliniella intonsa（Trybom）,F.tenuicornis（Uzel）,Haplothrips aculeatus（Fabricius）,Haplothrips tritici（Kurd） and their general predatory flower bug,Orius similis Zheng as compared to the parental control rice line using the white,blue and yellow sticky card traps.Population dynamics and seasonal average densities of these five thrips species and their general predatory flower bug were not significantly affected by rice type.Additionally,the white sticky card trap was suggested to be the most suitable for monitoring the population of these five thrips species and their general predator.These results show that our tested Bt rice lines do not interrupt the population of non-target thrips species and their general predatory flower bug in the field,and also cannot result in more occurrence of these thrips species in the rice ecosystem.展开更多
Field experiments to evaluate four different colored sticky cards for trapping non-target insects were conducted in an organic maize field in the Heinigou region of China. Yellow, blue, green, and red sticky cards wer...Field experiments to evaluate four different colored sticky cards for trapping non-target insects were conducted in an organic maize field in the Heinigou region of China. Yellow, blue, green, and red sticky cards were used to trap insects in the field. The total number of insects species caught was 54, with 3,862 individuals recorded. Over half of the specimens caught were non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, particularly dipteran species(including many mosquitoes)(50.3%), followed by target pests(37.0%), and beneficial insects(12.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in attraction to target pests, non-target pests, and beneficial insects among treatment groups. The results showed that higher numbers of target pests(Myzus persicae Sulzer, Empoasca flavescens Fabricius, Nysius ericaecshinly Schilling) were caught on yellow sticky card traps compared with blue, green, or red sticky card traps, indicating that yellow was the best trap color for target pests, with green and blue being progressively less attractive. For non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, flies, and mosquitoes,higher numbers of were caught on blue sticky card traps compared with yellow,green, or red sticky card traps. Our study indicated that blue was the most attractive color for flies, especially for the housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus. Our study also showed that most beneficial insects exhibited preferences to particular trap color characteristics: yellow was the most attractive color for parasitic wasps and lady beetles; blue was the most attractive color for hoverflies and honeybees. In contrast,green and red had no significant attraction to beneficial insects.展开更多
Among the numerous fruit species of Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.,‘LR’(white flesh)and‘BR’(pink flesh)are two kinds of local strains with high edibility.In order to study the metabolic causes of taste differences,we p...Among the numerous fruit species of Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.,‘LR’(white flesh)and‘BR’(pink flesh)are two kinds of local strains with high edibility.In order to study the metabolic causes of taste differences,we performed the non-targeted metabonomics analysis of‘LR’and‘BR’using LC-MS/MS.541 metabolites were totally identified,and 45 kinds of metabolites(carbohydrates,fatty acids,flavonoids and terpenoids,etc.)were different between the two strains.The results indicate L-sorbose,D-(+)-glucose,citric acid,L-phenylalanine and oleamide,α-eleostearic acid were the main primary metabolites.The significant difference existed in pathways of unsaturated fatty acids between the studied two strains by pathway enrichment analysis.The results demonstrate that the different in composition,as well as the abundance of primary and secondary metabolites may be the potential causes of taste differences,which provides a new insight into the possible metabolic factors setting off the changing taste of B.ramiflora.展开更多
Advanced analytical methodology based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is proposed for investigation of organic chlorides in different oilfield che...Advanced analytical methodology based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is proposed for investigation of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals.The target screening was initially carried out on 8 suspected organic chlorides by evaluating the capability of the enhanced separation and reliable identification at a trace concentration. GC×GC-TOFMS allowed for the fast and automated analysis of organic chlorides at a level of 200 μg/L. This method was subsequently applied for non-target screening of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals at various locations across China. 22 organic chlorides were identified and verified by comparison with pure standards in the mixed sample. Finally, this method was used to determine the content of the organic chlorides in individual samples. The result showed that the organic chloride levels in 19 of the 39 tested oilfield chemicals were above the threshold limit of 1.0 mg/L.展开更多
Objective To investigate changes in the urinary metabolite profiles of children exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)during critical brain development and explore their potential link with the intestinal m...Objective To investigate changes in the urinary metabolite profiles of children exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)during critical brain development and explore their potential link with the intestinal microbiota.Methods Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine ten hydroxyl metabolites of PAHs(OH-PAHs)in 36-month-old children.Subsequently,37 children were categorized into low-and high-exposure groups based on the sum of the ten OH-PAHs.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify non-targeted metabolites in the urine samples.Furthermore,fecal flora abundance was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina MiSeq.Results The concentrations of 21 metabolites were significantly higher in the high exposure group than in the low exposure group(variable importance for projection>1,P<0.05).Most of these metabolites were positively correlated with the hydroxyl metabolites of naphthalene,fluorine,and phenanthrene(r=0.336–0.531).The identified differential metabolites primarily belonged to pathways associated with inflammation or proinflammatory states,including amino acid,lipid,and nucleotide metabolism.Additionally,these distinct metabolites were significantly associated with specific intestinal flora abundances(r=0.34–0.55),which were mainly involved in neurodevelopment.Conclusion Higher PAH exposure in young children affected metabolic homeostasis,particularly that of certain gut microbiota-derived metabolites.Further investigation is needed to explore the potential influence of PAHs on the gut microbiota and their possible association with neurodevelopmental outcomes.展开更多
American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fernald) is one of the most competitive and malignant weeds in rice-wheat rotation fields in China. American sloughgrass populations in the Jiangsu Province of China ...American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fernald) is one of the most competitive and malignant weeds in rice-wheat rotation fields in China. American sloughgrass populations in the Jiangsu Province of China became less sensitive to acetohydroxyacid synthase(AHAS) inhibitors after repeated application for many years in these areas. Two suspected resistant American sloughgrass populations(R1 and R2) collected in the field were detected the resistance to inhibitors of AHAS in whole-plant dose-response assays, compared to the susceptible(S) population. These assays indicated that R1 showed low resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl(3.32-fold), imazapic(2.84-fold) and pyroxsulam(1.55-fold), moderate resistance to flazasulfuron(4.67-fold) and pyribenzoxim(7.41-fold), and high resistance to flucarbazone(11.73-fold). However, using a combination of the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, malathion, with mesosulfuron-methyl resulted in a reduction in R1 resistance relative to mesosulfuron-methyl alone. Furthermore, R2 was highly resistant to flazasulfuron(34.90-fold), imazapic(11.30-fold), flucarbazone(49.20-fold), pyribenzoxim(12.94-fold), moderately resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl(9.77-fold) and pyroxsulam(6.26-fold), and malathion had no effect on R2 resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl. The fulllength of AHAS genes was sequenced and the AHAS enzymes were assayed in vitro in order to clarify the mechanism of resistance to AHAS inhibitors in R1 and R2 populations. The results demonstrated that R2 had a Pro-197-Ser mutation in the AHAS gene, and the sensitivity of R2 to the five AHAS inhibitors was decreased, which may result in R2 resistance to AHAS inhibitors. There was no mutation in the AHAS gene of R1, and there were no significant differences in enzyme sensitivity between susceptible(S) and resistant(R1) populations. An enhanced metabolism may be the main mechanism of R1 resistance to AHAS inhibitors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Portal vein embolization(PVE)is an effective and relatively safe procedure performed prior to major hepatic resection to enhance future liver remnant.Nontarget embolization during PVE is rare,and if it occu...BACKGROUND Portal vein embolization(PVE)is an effective and relatively safe procedure performed prior to major hepatic resection to enhance future liver remnant.Nontarget embolization during PVE is rare,and if it occurs,it usually affects the future liver remnant.Intrahepatic portosystemic venous fistulas are extremely rare in non-cirrhotic livers.We report a case of non-targeted lung embolization during PVE due to an unrecognized intrahepatic portosystemic fistula.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male presented with metastatic colon cancer of the liver.The patient underwent preoperative right PVE.During the embolization procedure,a small amount of glue and lipiodol emulsion was embolized to the heart and lungs through an unrecognized intrahepatic portosystemic fistula.The patient remained clinically stable and underwent the planned hepatic resection after 4 wk,with an uneventful postoperative course.CONCLUSION Conventional portograms and careful evaluation prior to PVE are advisable to avoid such complications.展开更多
[Objectives]Selenium(Se)-enriched rice is the main type of Se-enriched agricultural product developed in China,and this study aimed to understand the impact of selenium application on the metabolites in rice.[Methods]...[Objectives]Selenium(Se)-enriched rice is the main type of Se-enriched agricultural product developed in China,and this study aimed to understand the impact of selenium application on the metabolites in rice.[Methods]Se-enriched rice was prepared by foliar application of a sodium selenite aqueous solution,and high-throughput analysis of differential metabolites in Se-enriched rice was conducted based on extensive non-targeted metabolome.[Results]There were significant differences in metabolites between Se-enriched rice and ordinary rice,and a total of 535 differential metabolites were identified.Among them,420 metabolites in Se-enriched rice were upregulated,accounting for 78.5%,far higher than downregulated metabolites.The enrichment differences of three KEGG metabolic pathways,including cysteine and methionine metabolism,zeatin biosynthesis,and arachidonic acid metabolism,reached a significant level,indicating that selenium enrichment had a significant regulatory effect on the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids,the synthesis of natural cytokinin zeatin,and arachidonic acid bioactive components in rice.[Conclusions]The results can provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched rice.展开更多
Various rice lines have been genetically modified with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） to continuously produce Bt insecticidal proteins against lepidopteran larvae. The Bt insecticidal protein constantly expre...Various rice lines have been genetically modified with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） to continuously produce Bt insecticidal proteins against lepidopteran larvae. The Bt insecticidal protein constantly expresses in the plants to create an opportunity for non-target herbivores to acquire and convey the protein to their predators or parasitoids across trophic levels. This paper evaluates the effects of Bt rice（namely, Kemindao 1（KMD1） and Kemindao 2（KMD2）） expressing Cry1 Ab as compared to its non-Bt control line, Xiushui 11 on non-target predator Orius tantilus（a generalist predatory anthocorid of thrips） under laboratory and field conditions. To measure several biological parameters such as total nymphal duration and fecundity of this bug, it was reared on thrips and pollens of KMD1 and KMD2 as compared to their control under laboratory conditions. By comparison with the control, Bt rice did not significantly affect main life-history characteristics（total nymphal duration, female adult longevity, oviposition period and fecundity） of this anthocorid preying on Bt rice-fed thrips along with Bt rice pollens, except that the fecundity of this predator for KMD1 was distinctly lower as compared with KMD2 or the control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） results showed that no Cry1 Ab protein was detected in this predator fed on thrips or rice pollen from Bt rice but was in Bt rice pollens. With the beat plate, plastic bag and color trap sampling methods, two-year field monitoring of O. tantilus abundance demonstrated that Bt rice had no significant detrimental effects on the population dynamics and seasonal average densities of this predatory anthocorid as compared with the control. Thus, it is suggested that growing our tested Bt rice（KMD1 and KMD2） producing Cry1 Ab will pose a negligible risk to the anthocorid, O. tantilus.展开更多
Background:Risk substances in cosmetics have long been associated with adverse reactions.However,as risk substances become more concealed and diversified,conventional targeted analysis methods are no longer sufficient...Background:Risk substances in cosmetics have long been associated with adverse reactions.However,as risk substances become more concealed and diversified,conventional targeted analysis methods are no longer sufficient to meet regulatory requirements.Objective:To construct a rapid and effective non-targeted screening method for the identification of risk substances,and to provide a high-throughput method for toxicity assessment.Methods:Molecular networking was utilized for the non-targeted screening of risk substances in facial skincare products,and the toxicity of these risk substances was evaluated through molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)models.Results:Through molecular networking,we identified seven known prohibited ingredients,six of which were confirmed using standard substances.In addition,17 potential risk substances were discovered within molecular clusters containing prohibited ingredients,including antibiotics,antihistamines,and phthalates,etc.Notably,chloramphenicol base and N-desmethyl chlorpheniramine exhibited stronger binding affinity to keratin 5/14 than chloramphenicol and chlorpheniramine through molecular docking,respectively.Additionally,toxicity prediction results indicated that the carcinogenicity of antibiotics presented gender differences in mice and rats,and two chlorpheniramine derivatives also showed carcinogenicity in mice.Moreover,of the 24 compounds,11 showed skin sensitization,while 14 caused skin irritation.Furthermore,half of these compounds demonstrated potential developmental toxicity,and only 4-nitrobenzenethiol was found to be mutagenic.Conclusion:In this study,we developed a visualization strategy for non-targeted screening of risk substances and a high-throughput method for initial toxicity assessment of risk substances.展开更多
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),a class of synthetic fluorine-containing organic compounds,pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health due to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and ext...Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),a class of synthetic fluorine-containing organic compounds,pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health due to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and extensive toxicity.Non-targeted screening(NTS)is a key method for identifying and determining unknown PFAS,which is crucial to the understanding of their exposure pathway and health risks.Hence,this review focuses on NTS techniques for PFAS in the environment.Firstly,high-resolution mass spectrometry and ion mobility innovations enabling novel PFAS/isomer identification are evaluated.Afterwards,pretreatment optimization(e.g.,solid-phase extraction and emerging adsorbents)is summarized by analyzing the advantages of each method and the challenges posed by the limited datasets,while also outlining their applicable scenarios.Analytical challenges from structural complexity(short-chain substitutes and ether-based fluorine-modulated polymers)and matrix effects are discussed.Lastly,practical implications for environmental health and the future development potential of NTS technologies for PFAS are presented.Overall,this review proposes a science-based framework for monitoring and regulatory prioritization,with the expectation of supporting PFAS management and mitigation.展开更多
This study investigated the impact of single and sequential inoculation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe(S.pombe)and Saccharomyces cerevisiae(S.cerevisiae)on the sensory attributes and metabolic profiles of pomelo wine.Ou...This study investigated the impact of single and sequential inoculation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe(S.pombe)and Saccharomyces cerevisiae(S.cerevisiae)on the sensory attributes and metabolic profiles of pomelo wine.Our comprehensive assessment included physicochemical determination,sensory evaluation,and metabolite analysis across single and sequential fermentation groups.Results demonstrated that sequential fermentation not only moderated acidity but also enhanced umami and richness,yielding a more balanced flavor profile compared to single strain fermentations.Flavor chemistry analysis revealed that sequential fermentation effectively utilized the strengths of both yeast strains to produce a wider array of aromatic compounds,especially esters,and al-cohols,which are key to pomelo wine’s aroma.The metabolomic analysis further confirmed that amino acid metabolism was the most prominently activated pathway,with sequential fermentation adept at regulating amino acid levels to minimize the formation of potentially harmful byproducts.This approach preserved the desirable flavor characteristics of the wine and enhanced its safety.Overall,this research offers valuable insights into optimizing pomelo wine fermentation techniques to improve its sensory quality and market value.展开更多
The potential migration of chemicals from disposable biodegradable tableware into food raises safety concerns regarding human health.This study utilized an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole timeo...The potential migration of chemicals from disposable biodegradable tableware into food raises safety concerns regarding human health.This study utilized an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole timeofflight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)for the non-targeted identification of chemical migrants in 41 commercially available disposable biodegradable tableware products in the Chinese market.A total of 303 migrant compounds were identified,comprising primarily 123 oligomers,45 esters,and 31 amines.In addition,the predominant additives and related substances included 58 slip agents,27 antistatic agents,and 22 antioxidants.To comprehensively evaluate potential hazards for chemical migrants,we enhanced an existing toxicity risk matrix by incorporating endocrine disruption-related toxicity endpoints.The developed risk classification strategy was employed to categorize the 303 migrants into distinct risk levels.Notably,47 substances were classified as posing the highest risk level(RISK I),which primarily comprised slip agents(e.g.palmitamide),antioxidant degradation products(e.g.bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphonate,7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione),and plasticizers(e.g.triisobutyl phosphate),In conclusion,this study presents a comprehensive methodology and offers a scientific basis for the safety assessment of chemical migrants in disposable biodegradable tableware.展开更多
The sensory characteristics of chicken skin chewy and soft are a crucial demand of consumers for hedonism of Chinese style soft-boiled chicken(Bai Qie Ji).In this investigation,the surface hydrophobicity of chicken sk...The sensory characteristics of chicken skin chewy and soft are a crucial demand of consumers for hedonism of Chinese style soft-boiled chicken(Bai Qie Ji).In this investigation,the surface hydrophobicity of chicken skin protein was found to be the highest at 60 min.The exposure of hydrophobic groups led to the formation of protein cross-linking aggregates.The main force of maintaining protein was disulfide bond and hydrophobic interaction after stewing.A total of 536 metabolites with significant differences(P<0.05)were identified,among which amino acids,peptides and analogues,glycerophosphocholines,fatty acids and conjugates accounted for the majority.The t-g-t,β-sheet andβ-turn,N-acyl amino acid and 5’-umami nucleotide was significantly positively correlated with stewing time.In summary,the chicken skin collagen structure was conferred by augmented disulfide bonds,and N-acyl amino acids were pivotal metabolites,which offering novel insights into the processing mechanism of collagenous foodstuffs.展开更多
Apricot polysaccharides(APS)DAP-2 had excellentα-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro,and had the potential to be developed as a functional food against Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the anti-T2DM effect...Apricot polysaccharides(APS)DAP-2 had excellentα-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro,and had the potential to be developed as a functional food against Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the anti-T2DM effect of DAP-2 in vivo and its mechanism had not been studied.Therefore,this article aimed to explore the antidiabetes effect and mechanism of DAP-2 in vivo.The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of DAP-2 were validated using the T2DM zebrafish model.16S rRNA sequencing and non-target metabolomics were used to explain the anti-T2DM mechanism of DAP-2 from gut perspective.The results showed that DAP-2 could significantly improve related index of glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM zebrafish.DAP-2 could improve the gut microbiota(GM)diversity of T2DM zebrafish,increase the abundance of Firmicutes.The intervention of DAP-2 resulted in changes in the intestinal metabolic pattern of T2DM zebrafish.The two main metabolites in the gut were glycerophospholipid metabolites and amino acid metabolites.The correlation analysis results suggested that Lactobacillus and Microbacterium were key GM for DAP-2 to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and intestinal environment.This study could provide a reference for the development of DAP-2 as dietary supplements against T2DM.展开更多
Characterizing the chemical composition of semen can provide valuable insights into the exposome and environmental factors that directly affect seminal and overall health.In this study,we compared molecular profiles o...Characterizing the chemical composition of semen can provide valuable insights into the exposome and environmental factors that directly affect seminal and overall health.In this study,we compared molecular profiles of 45 donated semen samples from general population New York City participants and examined the correlation between the chemical profiles in semen and fertility parameters,i.e.,sperm concentration,sperm motility,sperm morphology,and semen volume.Samples were prepared using a protein precipitation procedure and analyzed using liquid chromatography(LC)coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS).Non-targeted analysis(NTA)revealed 18 chemicals not previously reported in human exposome studies,with 3-hydroxyoctanedioic acid,a cosmetic additive,emerging as a plausible candidate found to be at higher levels in cases vs controls(p<0.01)and associated with adverse sperm motility and morphology.Four level 1 identified compounds were found to have associations with semen health parameters;dibutyl phthalate and 2-aminophenol negatively impacted motility,4-nitrophenol was associated with low morphology,while palmitic acid was found to be associated with both low morphology and low volume.This study aims to utilize NTA to understand the association of contaminants of emerging concern(CECs)along with a full chemical profile to find trends separating poor and normal semen health parameters from each other chemically.Our results suggest that the collective effects of many CECs could adversely affect semen quality.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have started to play an important role in pest control,and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging.However,an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plan...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have started to play an important role in pest control,and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging.However,an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plants expressing insect miRNAs must be undertaken before promoting their application.Here,transgenic miR-14 rice,which has high resistance to the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis,was used as an example for evaluation in this study.Taking the tier 1 risk assessment method in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)crops as a reference,the effects of the direct exposure of a non-target parasitoid,Cotesia chilonis,to a high concentration of miRNA were evaluated.The results showed that direct feeding with miR-14 at high concentration had no significant effects on the biological parameters of Co.chilonis,whereas when miR-14 was injected into Ch.suppressalis-parasitized larvae,the development duration of Co.chilonis was significantly affected.In combination with the real conditions of the rice paddy field,it could be inferred that transgenic miR-14 rice has no significant negative effects on the important non-target parasitoid,Co.chilonis.These results will provide a foundation for the establishment of a new safety evaluation system for novel RNAi-based transgenic plants.展开更多
基金Supported by Major Program in Zhejiang Science and Technology Department(2008C22G2100038)Emerging Artists Project in Zhejiang Province(21000037)~~
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guidelines for environmental safety evaluation on chemical pesticides＂, the toxicity of myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves on non-target organisms was determined and the safety evaluation was carried out. [Result] MyriceUn and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-target organisms, such as earthworm, silkworm and soil microbes. Myricetin showed low toxicity and the crude extract of M. rubra leaves showed middle toxicity on tadpole. The high-concentration crude extract of M. rubra leaves had some antifeedant effect on silkworm. [ Conclusion] Myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-tar- get organisms in environment and they were relatively safe.
文摘Based on linguistic theories which developed by Saussure and some other contemporary linguists, this article attempts to analyze the factors that cause low English parole competence of the contemporary college students under non-target language environment. It views that how to properly deal with the relationship between langue and parole is still a debating focus in applied linguistics. The result of low English parole competence of contemporary college students is due to the interaction of the contemporary College English syllabus, text books pedagogies and the English language level of both students and teachers. Thus it puts forward some suggestions to improve the college students＇ English parole competence.
基金the 973 Program (2001CB109004and 2007CB109202)the Key Projects for Breeding Genetically Modified Organisms of China (2011ZX0811-002 and 2009ZX08011-008B)
文摘Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in China. Limited studies have been conducted on the ecological impacts of transgenic insect-resistant cotton, especially for transgenic double genes （Bt＋CpTI） cotton, in this region. In this study, the potential effects of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton on the seasonal abundance of non-target pests and predators were assessed from 2009 to 2011 in Korla, Xinjiang. The results showed that species composition and seasonal abundance of 5 groups of pests and 5 groups of predators were not significantly different between transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton and non-transgenic cotton every year. It suggests that transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton per se does not affect the population dynamics of non-target pests and predators on this crop in Xinjiang.
基金Financial supports were provided from the Special Research Projects for Developing Transgenic Plants,China(2013ZX08011-001)the China National Science Fund for Innovative Research Groups of Biological Control(31021003)the National 973 Program of China(2007CB109202)
文摘A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of transgenic japonica rice（KMD1 and KMD2） with a synthetic cry1 Ab gene from Bacillus thuingiensis Berliner on population dynamics and seasonal average densities of five thrips species including Stenchaetothrips biformis（Bagnall）,Frankliniella intonsa（Trybom）,F.tenuicornis（Uzel）,Haplothrips aculeatus（Fabricius）,Haplothrips tritici（Kurd） and their general predatory flower bug,Orius similis Zheng as compared to the parental control rice line using the white,blue and yellow sticky card traps.Population dynamics and seasonal average densities of these five thrips species and their general predatory flower bug were not significantly affected by rice type.Additionally,the white sticky card trap was suggested to be the most suitable for monitoring the population of these five thrips species and their general predator.These results show that our tested Bt rice lines do not interrupt the population of non-target thrips species and their general predatory flower bug in the field,and also cannot result in more occurrence of these thrips species in the rice ecosystem.
基金Supported by the Misereor Foundation(grant ref:335-031-1028 Z)
文摘Field experiments to evaluate four different colored sticky cards for trapping non-target insects were conducted in an organic maize field in the Heinigou region of China. Yellow, blue, green, and red sticky cards were used to trap insects in the field. The total number of insects species caught was 54, with 3,862 individuals recorded. Over half of the specimens caught were non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, particularly dipteran species(including many mosquitoes)(50.3%), followed by target pests(37.0%), and beneficial insects(12.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in attraction to target pests, non-target pests, and beneficial insects among treatment groups. The results showed that higher numbers of target pests(Myzus persicae Sulzer, Empoasca flavescens Fabricius, Nysius ericaecshinly Schilling) were caught on yellow sticky card traps compared with blue, green, or red sticky card traps, indicating that yellow was the best trap color for target pests, with green and blue being progressively less attractive. For non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, flies, and mosquitoes,higher numbers of were caught on blue sticky card traps compared with yellow,green, or red sticky card traps. Our study indicated that blue was the most attractive color for flies, especially for the housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus. Our study also showed that most beneficial insects exhibited preferences to particular trap color characteristics: yellow was the most attractive color for parasitic wasps and lady beetles; blue was the most attractive color for hoverflies and honeybees. In contrast,green and red had no significant attraction to beneficial insects.
基金Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project of Guangdong province(2018KJCX023)National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(31801742)+2 种基金Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products(2021B1212040015)Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(Guike AA17204045-4)Science and Technology Project of Chongzuo,Guangxi(Chongkegong 2019029).
文摘Among the numerous fruit species of Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.,‘LR’(white flesh)and‘BR’(pink flesh)are two kinds of local strains with high edibility.In order to study the metabolic causes of taste differences,we performed the non-targeted metabonomics analysis of‘LR’and‘BR’using LC-MS/MS.541 metabolites were totally identified,and 45 kinds of metabolites(carbohydrates,fatty acids,flavonoids and terpenoids,etc.)were different between the two strains.The results indicate L-sorbose,D-(+)-glucose,citric acid,L-phenylalanine and oleamide,α-eleostearic acid were the main primary metabolites.The significant difference existed in pathways of unsaturated fatty acids between the studied two strains by pathway enrichment analysis.The results demonstrate that the different in composition,as well as the abundance of primary and secondary metabolites may be the potential causes of taste differences,which provides a new insight into the possible metabolic factors setting off the changing taste of B.ramiflora.
基金supported by grants from the contract of China Petrochemical Corporation (3020001914-ZC0607-0013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20107073)+1 种基金the Guangdong Science and Technology Project (2014B030301030)the Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT13078)
文摘Advanced analytical methodology based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is proposed for investigation of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals.The target screening was initially carried out on 8 suspected organic chlorides by evaluating the capability of the enhanced separation and reliable identification at a trace concentration. GC×GC-TOFMS allowed for the fast and automated analysis of organic chlorides at a level of 200 μg/L. This method was subsequently applied for non-target screening of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals at various locations across China. 22 organic chlorides were identified and verified by comparison with pure standards in the mixed sample. Finally, this method was used to determine the content of the organic chlorides in individual samples. The result showed that the organic chloride levels in 19 of the 39 tested oilfield chemicals were above the threshold limit of 1.0 mg/L.
基金partly supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:81372955)BiosTime Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Health Research Fund(2017FYH008)+1 种基金the Projects of Medical and Health Technology Development Program in Shandong Province(No:2016WS0309)Qingdao Outstanding Health Professional Development Fund(2020-2022,2022-2024)。
文摘Objective To investigate changes in the urinary metabolite profiles of children exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)during critical brain development and explore their potential link with the intestinal microbiota.Methods Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine ten hydroxyl metabolites of PAHs(OH-PAHs)in 36-month-old children.Subsequently,37 children were categorized into low-and high-exposure groups based on the sum of the ten OH-PAHs.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify non-targeted metabolites in the urine samples.Furthermore,fecal flora abundance was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina MiSeq.Results The concentrations of 21 metabolites were significantly higher in the high exposure group than in the low exposure group(variable importance for projection>1,P<0.05).Most of these metabolites were positively correlated with the hydroxyl metabolites of naphthalene,fluorine,and phenanthrene(r=0.336–0.531).The identified differential metabolites primarily belonged to pathways associated with inflammation or proinflammatory states,including amino acid,lipid,and nucleotide metabolism.Additionally,these distinct metabolites were significantly associated with specific intestinal flora abundances(r=0.34–0.55),which were mainly involved in neurodevelopment.Conclusion Higher PAH exposure in young children affected metabolic homeostasis,particularly that of certain gut microbiota-derived metabolites.Further investigation is needed to explore the potential influence of PAHs on the gut microbiota and their possible association with neurodevelopmental outcomes.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371952)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201303031)
文摘American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fernald) is one of the most competitive and malignant weeds in rice-wheat rotation fields in China. American sloughgrass populations in the Jiangsu Province of China became less sensitive to acetohydroxyacid synthase(AHAS) inhibitors after repeated application for many years in these areas. Two suspected resistant American sloughgrass populations(R1 and R2) collected in the field were detected the resistance to inhibitors of AHAS in whole-plant dose-response assays, compared to the susceptible(S) population. These assays indicated that R1 showed low resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl(3.32-fold), imazapic(2.84-fold) and pyroxsulam(1.55-fold), moderate resistance to flazasulfuron(4.67-fold) and pyribenzoxim(7.41-fold), and high resistance to flucarbazone(11.73-fold). However, using a combination of the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, malathion, with mesosulfuron-methyl resulted in a reduction in R1 resistance relative to mesosulfuron-methyl alone. Furthermore, R2 was highly resistant to flazasulfuron(34.90-fold), imazapic(11.30-fold), flucarbazone(49.20-fold), pyribenzoxim(12.94-fold), moderately resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl(9.77-fold) and pyroxsulam(6.26-fold), and malathion had no effect on R2 resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl. The fulllength of AHAS genes was sequenced and the AHAS enzymes were assayed in vitro in order to clarify the mechanism of resistance to AHAS inhibitors in R1 and R2 populations. The results demonstrated that R2 had a Pro-197-Ser mutation in the AHAS gene, and the sensitivity of R2 to the five AHAS inhibitors was decreased, which may result in R2 resistance to AHAS inhibitors. There was no mutation in the AHAS gene of R1, and there were no significant differences in enzyme sensitivity between susceptible(S) and resistant(R1) populations. An enhanced metabolism may be the main mechanism of R1 resistance to AHAS inhibitors.
文摘BACKGROUND Portal vein embolization(PVE)is an effective and relatively safe procedure performed prior to major hepatic resection to enhance future liver remnant.Nontarget embolization during PVE is rare,and if it occurs,it usually affects the future liver remnant.Intrahepatic portosystemic venous fistulas are extremely rare in non-cirrhotic livers.We report a case of non-targeted lung embolization during PVE due to an unrecognized intrahepatic portosystemic fistula.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male presented with metastatic colon cancer of the liver.The patient underwent preoperative right PVE.During the embolization procedure,a small amount of glue and lipiodol emulsion was embolized to the heart and lungs through an unrecognized intrahepatic portosystemic fistula.The patient remained clinically stable and underwent the planned hepatic resection after 4 wk,with an uneventful postoperative course.CONCLUSION Conventional portograms and careful evaluation prior to PVE are advisable to avoid such complications.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260067)National Key R&D Program of China(20202BBF63011)Innovative Research and Industrial Demonstration of Standardized Production Technology for Seleniumenriched Rice and Vegetables(20202BBF62001)。
文摘[Objectives]Selenium(Se)-enriched rice is the main type of Se-enriched agricultural product developed in China,and this study aimed to understand the impact of selenium application on the metabolites in rice.[Methods]Se-enriched rice was prepared by foliar application of a sodium selenite aqueous solution,and high-throughput analysis of differential metabolites in Se-enriched rice was conducted based on extensive non-targeted metabolome.[Results]There were significant differences in metabolites between Se-enriched rice and ordinary rice,and a total of 535 differential metabolites were identified.Among them,420 metabolites in Se-enriched rice were upregulated,accounting for 78.5%,far higher than downregulated metabolites.The enrichment differences of three KEGG metabolic pathways,including cysteine and methionine metabolism,zeatin biosynthesis,and arachidonic acid metabolism,reached a significant level,indicating that selenium enrichment had a significant regulatory effect on the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids,the synthesis of natural cytokinin zeatin,and arachidonic acid bioactive components in rice.[Conclusions]The results can provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched rice.
基金Financial supports were provided from the Special Research Projects for Developing Transgenic Plants,China(2014ZX08011-001)the National Natural Science Fundation of China for Innovative Research Group(31321063)the Rice Pests Management Research Group of the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China
文摘Various rice lines have been genetically modified with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） to continuously produce Bt insecticidal proteins against lepidopteran larvae. The Bt insecticidal protein constantly expresses in the plants to create an opportunity for non-target herbivores to acquire and convey the protein to their predators or parasitoids across trophic levels. This paper evaluates the effects of Bt rice（namely, Kemindao 1（KMD1） and Kemindao 2（KMD2）） expressing Cry1 Ab as compared to its non-Bt control line, Xiushui 11 on non-target predator Orius tantilus（a generalist predatory anthocorid of thrips） under laboratory and field conditions. To measure several biological parameters such as total nymphal duration and fecundity of this bug, it was reared on thrips and pollens of KMD1 and KMD2 as compared to their control under laboratory conditions. By comparison with the control, Bt rice did not significantly affect main life-history characteristics（total nymphal duration, female adult longevity, oviposition period and fecundity） of this anthocorid preying on Bt rice-fed thrips along with Bt rice pollens, except that the fecundity of this predator for KMD1 was distinctly lower as compared with KMD2 or the control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） results showed that no Cry1 Ab protein was detected in this predator fed on thrips or rice pollen from Bt rice but was in Bt rice pollens. With the beat plate, plastic bag and color trap sampling methods, two-year field monitoring of O. tantilus abundance demonstrated that Bt rice had no significant detrimental effects on the population dynamics and seasonal average densities of this predatory anthocorid as compared with the control. Thus, it is suggested that growing our tested Bt rice（KMD1 and KMD2） producing Cry1 Ab will pose a negligible risk to the anthocorid, O. tantilus.
基金supported by the Scientific and technological innovation project of Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration(ZA20230069,2024ZDZ04)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Provincial(2023A1111120025).
文摘Background:Risk substances in cosmetics have long been associated with adverse reactions.However,as risk substances become more concealed and diversified,conventional targeted analysis methods are no longer sufficient to meet regulatory requirements.Objective:To construct a rapid and effective non-targeted screening method for the identification of risk substances,and to provide a high-throughput method for toxicity assessment.Methods:Molecular networking was utilized for the non-targeted screening of risk substances in facial skincare products,and the toxicity of these risk substances was evaluated through molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)models.Results:Through molecular networking,we identified seven known prohibited ingredients,six of which were confirmed using standard substances.In addition,17 potential risk substances were discovered within molecular clusters containing prohibited ingredients,including antibiotics,antihistamines,and phthalates,etc.Notably,chloramphenicol base and N-desmethyl chlorpheniramine exhibited stronger binding affinity to keratin 5/14 than chloramphenicol and chlorpheniramine through molecular docking,respectively.Additionally,toxicity prediction results indicated that the carcinogenicity of antibiotics presented gender differences in mice and rats,and two chlorpheniramine derivatives also showed carcinogenicity in mice.Moreover,of the 24 compounds,11 showed skin sensitization,while 14 caused skin irritation.Furthermore,half of these compounds demonstrated potential developmental toxicity,and only 4-nitrobenzenethiol was found to be mutagenic.Conclusion:In this study,we developed a visualization strategy for non-targeted screening of risk substances and a high-throughput method for initial toxicity assessment of risk substances.
基金supported by the Program for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52300202)Guizhou University High-level Talent Research and Platform Construction Funds([2024]17).
文摘Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),a class of synthetic fluorine-containing organic compounds,pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health due to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and extensive toxicity.Non-targeted screening(NTS)is a key method for identifying and determining unknown PFAS,which is crucial to the understanding of their exposure pathway and health risks.Hence,this review focuses on NTS techniques for PFAS in the environment.Firstly,high-resolution mass spectrometry and ion mobility innovations enabling novel PFAS/isomer identification are evaluated.Afterwards,pretreatment optimization(e.g.,solid-phase extraction and emerging adsorbents)is summarized by analyzing the advantages of each method and the challenges posed by the limited datasets,while also outlining their applicable scenarios.Analytical challenges from structural complexity(short-chain substitutes and ether-based fluorine-modulated polymers)and matrix effects are discussed.Lastly,practical implications for environmental health and the future development potential of NTS technologies for PFAS are presented.Overall,this review proposes a science-based framework for monitoring and regulatory prioritization,with the expectation of supporting PFAS management and mitigation.
基金supported by the Sichuan University-Luzhou Municipal Government cooperation project(2022CDLZ-1).
文摘This study investigated the impact of single and sequential inoculation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe(S.pombe)and Saccharomyces cerevisiae(S.cerevisiae)on the sensory attributes and metabolic profiles of pomelo wine.Our comprehensive assessment included physicochemical determination,sensory evaluation,and metabolite analysis across single and sequential fermentation groups.Results demonstrated that sequential fermentation not only moderated acidity but also enhanced umami and richness,yielding a more balanced flavor profile compared to single strain fermentations.Flavor chemistry analysis revealed that sequential fermentation effectively utilized the strengths of both yeast strains to produce a wider array of aromatic compounds,especially esters,and al-cohols,which are key to pomelo wine’s aroma.The metabolomic analysis further confirmed that amino acid metabolism was the most prominently activated pathway,with sequential fermentation adept at regulating amino acid levels to minimize the formation of potentially harmful byproducts.This approach preserved the desirable flavor characteristics of the wine and enhanced its safety.Overall,this research offers valuable insights into optimizing pomelo wine fermentation techniques to improve its sensory quality and market value.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472450)。
文摘The potential migration of chemicals from disposable biodegradable tableware into food raises safety concerns regarding human health.This study utilized an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole timeofflight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)for the non-targeted identification of chemical migrants in 41 commercially available disposable biodegradable tableware products in the Chinese market.A total of 303 migrant compounds were identified,comprising primarily 123 oligomers,45 esters,and 31 amines.In addition,the predominant additives and related substances included 58 slip agents,27 antistatic agents,and 22 antioxidants.To comprehensively evaluate potential hazards for chemical migrants,we enhanced an existing toxicity risk matrix by incorporating endocrine disruption-related toxicity endpoints.The developed risk classification strategy was employed to categorize the 303 migrants into distinct risk levels.Notably,47 substances were classified as posing the highest risk level(RISK I),which primarily comprised slip agents(e.g.palmitamide),antioxidant degradation products(e.g.bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphonate,7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione),and plasticizers(e.g.triisobutyl phosphate),In conclusion,this study presents a comprehensive methodology and offers a scientific basis for the safety assessment of chemical migrants in disposable biodegradable tableware.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-41)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32472259).
文摘The sensory characteristics of chicken skin chewy and soft are a crucial demand of consumers for hedonism of Chinese style soft-boiled chicken(Bai Qie Ji).In this investigation,the surface hydrophobicity of chicken skin protein was found to be the highest at 60 min.The exposure of hydrophobic groups led to the formation of protein cross-linking aggregates.The main force of maintaining protein was disulfide bond and hydrophobic interaction after stewing.A total of 536 metabolites with significant differences(P<0.05)were identified,among which amino acids,peptides and analogues,glycerophosphocholines,fatty acids and conjugates accounted for the majority.The t-g-t,β-sheet andβ-turn,N-acyl amino acid and 5’-umami nucleotide was significantly positively correlated with stewing time.In summary,the chicken skin collagen structure was conferred by augmented disulfide bonds,and N-acyl amino acids were pivotal metabolites,which offering novel insights into the processing mechanism of collagenous foodstuffs.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China[2023YFD2201300].
文摘Apricot polysaccharides(APS)DAP-2 had excellentα-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro,and had the potential to be developed as a functional food against Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the anti-T2DM effect of DAP-2 in vivo and its mechanism had not been studied.Therefore,this article aimed to explore the antidiabetes effect and mechanism of DAP-2 in vivo.The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of DAP-2 were validated using the T2DM zebrafish model.16S rRNA sequencing and non-target metabolomics were used to explain the anti-T2DM mechanism of DAP-2 from gut perspective.The results showed that DAP-2 could significantly improve related index of glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM zebrafish.DAP-2 could improve the gut microbiota(GM)diversity of T2DM zebrafish,increase the abundance of Firmicutes.The intervention of DAP-2 resulted in changes in the intestinal metabolic pattern of T2DM zebrafish.The two main metabolites in the gut were glycerophospholipid metabolites and amino acid metabolites.The correlation analysis results suggested that Lactobacillus and Microbacterium were key GM for DAP-2 to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and intestinal environment.This study could provide a reference for the development of DAP-2 as dietary supplements against T2DM.
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences(NIHNIEHS)(R00ES032892,K99ES032892,R00ES030403,K99ES030403,P30ES030284)by NYU Langone.
文摘Characterizing the chemical composition of semen can provide valuable insights into the exposome and environmental factors that directly affect seminal and overall health.In this study,we compared molecular profiles of 45 donated semen samples from general population New York City participants and examined the correlation between the chemical profiles in semen and fertility parameters,i.e.,sperm concentration,sperm motility,sperm morphology,and semen volume.Samples were prepared using a protein precipitation procedure and analyzed using liquid chromatography(LC)coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS).Non-targeted analysis(NTA)revealed 18 chemicals not previously reported in human exposome studies,with 3-hydroxyoctanedioic acid,a cosmetic additive,emerging as a plausible candidate found to be at higher levels in cases vs controls(p<0.01)and associated with adverse sperm motility and morphology.Four level 1 identified compounds were found to have associations with semen health parameters;dibutyl phthalate and 2-aminophenol negatively impacted motility,4-nitrophenol was associated with low morphology,while palmitic acid was found to be associated with both low morphology and low volume.This study aims to utilize NTA to understand the association of contaminants of emerging concern(CECs)along with a full chemical profile to find trends separating poor and normal semen health parameters from each other chemically.Our results suggest that the collective effects of many CECs could adversely affect semen quality.
基金funded by Science and Technology Innovation 2030-"Agricultural Biological Breeding"Major Project(2023ZD04062)the Experimental Technology Research Program of Zhejiang University(SYB202126).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have started to play an important role in pest control,and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging.However,an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plants expressing insect miRNAs must be undertaken before promoting their application.Here,transgenic miR-14 rice,which has high resistance to the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis,was used as an example for evaluation in this study.Taking the tier 1 risk assessment method in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)crops as a reference,the effects of the direct exposure of a non-target parasitoid,Cotesia chilonis,to a high concentration of miRNA were evaluated.The results showed that direct feeding with miR-14 at high concentration had no significant effects on the biological parameters of Co.chilonis,whereas when miR-14 was injected into Ch.suppressalis-parasitized larvae,the development duration of Co.chilonis was significantly affected.In combination with the real conditions of the rice paddy field,it could be inferred that transgenic miR-14 rice has no significant negative effects on the important non-target parasitoid,Co.chilonis.These results will provide a foundation for the establishment of a new safety evaluation system for novel RNAi-based transgenic plants.
