Background This study investigated the effects of different non-starch polysaccharide(NSP)sources with NSP degrading enzymes(NSPases)and the influence on the mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal immunity of nur...Background This study investigated the effects of different non-starch polysaccharide(NSP)sources with NSP degrading enzymes(NSPases)and the influence on the mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal immunity of nursery pigs,on growth performance and carcass traits at market weight.Methods One hundred and sixty newly weaned pigs at 7.0±0.3 kg body weight(BW)were allotted in a 2×2 factorial with NSP sources and NSPases serving as factors.The 4 dietary treatments were:DDGS,corn distillers'dried grains with solubles as source of NSP;DDGS+NSPases(DDGS+),DDGS with xylanase at 0.01%,3,000 U/kg of feed andβ-mannanase at 0.05%,400 U/kg of feed;SHWB,soybean hulls and wheat bran replacing corn DDGS as the source of NSP;SHWB with NSPases(SHWB+),SHWB with xylanase at 0.01%,3,000 U/kg of feed andβ-mannanase at 0.05%,400 U/kg of feed.Pigs were fed for 37 d and housed in groups of 4 pigs per pen.At d 37,the median body weight pig in each pen was euthanized for sampling to analyze intestinal health parameters.Remaining pigs were fed a common diet for subsequent phases to evaluate the carryover effect on growth and carcass traits.Results The SHWB decreased(P<0.05)the relative abundance of Helicobacter,tended to increase(P=0.074)the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,increased(P<0.05)immunoglobulin G(IgG)in the jejunal mucosa,tended to increase(P=0.096)the villus height(VH)in the jejunum,and tended to improve ADG(P=0.099)and feed efficiency(P=0.068)during phase 1 compared to DDGS treatment.Supplementation of NSPases increased(P<0.05)Shannon index of diversity,increased the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Acinetobacter,and tended to increase(P=0.082)dry matter digestibility.The BW of pigs fed SHWB was more uniform(P<0.05)at the end of the 120 d study.Additionally,hot carcass weight of pigs fed SHWB tended to be more uniform(P=0.089)than DDGS treatment.Conclusion Soybean hulls and wheat bran replacing DDGS in nursery diets improved uniformity of pigs at market weight,which might be attributed to beneficial modulation of the mucosa-associated microbiota and enhanced intestinal morphology during the nursery phase.Supplementation of NSPases had beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota,digestibility,and intestinal immunity in SHWB treatment,whereas no carryover effects were overserved at market weight.展开更多
Non-starch polysaccharide enzymes（NSPEs） have long been used in the feed production of monogastric animals to degrade non-starch polysaccharide to oligosaccharides and promote growth performance. However, few studie...Non-starch polysaccharide enzymes（NSPEs） have long been used in the feed production of monogastric animals to degrade non-starch polysaccharide to oligosaccharides and promote growth performance. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of such enzymes on skeletal muscle in monogastric animals. To elucidate the mechanism of the effect of NSPEs on skeletal muscle, an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification（i TRAQ） for differential proteomic quantitation was applied to investigate alterations in the proteome in the longissimus muscle（LM） of growing pigs after a 50-d period of supplementation with 0.6% NSPEs in the diet. A total of 51 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the LM between a control group and the NSPE group. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed protein species showed an increased abundance of proteins related to energy production, protein synthesis, muscular differentiation, immunity, oxidation resistance and detoxification, and a decreased abundance of proteins related to inflammation in the LM of the pigs fed NSPEs. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms whereby dietary supplementation with NSPEs enzymes can promote growth performance and improve muscular metabolism in growing pigs.展开更多
[ Objective] To investigate the effects of non-starch polysaccharide （NSP） enzyme products on meat performance of broilers and thus to provide a scientific basis for their rational use. [Method] Two hundred 21-day-o...[ Objective] To investigate the effects of non-starch polysaccharide （NSP） enzyme products on meat performance of broilers and thus to provide a scientific basis for their rational use. [Method] Two hundred 21-day-old Ross broilers were assigned to five groups. The broilers in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were fed positive control diet and negative control diet, respectively, which were slightly different. The broilers in group Ⅲ, Ⅳ and V were fed the negative control diet respectively supplemented with different commercial NSP enzyme products. The broilers were slaughtered at 56 days old, and their meat yield was determined. [ Result] The percentage of carcass yield and percentage of abdominal fat were significantly higher in the group Ⅲ than in the group Ⅱ （P 〈 0.05）. The percentage of small intestine weight in slaughter weight was lower in the group Ⅱ than in other groups. [ Conclusion] Diets supplemented broad-rang and highly active NSP enzyme products can promote absorption of routine feed ingredients, increase meat yield, and improve meat performance.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to research the effect of several commercial NSP complex enzymes products on broiler meat quality, and provide scientific basis for feed enterprise and breeding farmers choosing NSP complex...[Objective] The study aimed to research the effect of several commercial NSP complex enzymes products on broiler meat quality, and provide scientific basis for feed enterprise and breeding farmers choosing NSP complex enzymes. [ Method] Two hundred ROSS broilers at age of 21 days were designed to five treatment groups, including the positive and negative control treatments, and Group 1 to 3 with feed additive of the commercial non-starch polysaccharide complex enzymes each on base of the negative group diet. At 56 days of age, broilers were killed and meat quality was analyzed. [ Result] The thigh meat color CIELAB a value for the negative control broilers was lower （ P 〈 0.05） than those of the positive control and Group 1. The drip loss of breast meat for Group 1 was the lowest, and the drip loss of thigh meat for the negative control was the highest among all treatments. The shear force for the negative control and Group 3 were higher than those of other three groups. There were no differences （P 〉 0.05） on the contents of chemical components, crude moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and inosine acid for breast and thigh meat among all treatments. [ Conclusion] NSP complex enzymes with complete enzyme categories and high enzyme activity can improve meat quality in broilers.展开更多
Nutritional strategies to enhance the utilization of undigested dietary components for sustainability and better production efficiency are constantly being explored in poultry.This study aimed to investigate the effec...Nutritional strategies to enhance the utilization of undigested dietary components for sustainability and better production efficiency are constantly being explored in poultry.This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-mannanase alone or in combination with a xylanase and β-glucanase preparation on growth performance,nutrient and energy utilization,and gastrointestinal environment of broilers offered wheat-based diets.At d 0 post-hatch,384 mixed-sex Cobb 500 broilers were assigned to 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement,with β-mannanase(with or without)and xylanase+β-glucanase(XG,with or without)as the 2 factors.Each treatment contained 8 replicates of 12 birds per pen and 96 birds per treatment.During d 0 to 10,birds offered diets supplemented with XG(P=0.023)or β-mannanase(P=0.010)had higher weight gain,andβ-mannanase supplementation improved(P=0.040)feed conversion ratio(FCR)compared to the unsupplemented control.During d 0 to 35,XG increased(P=0.035)and β-mannanase tended(P=0.096)to increase the weight gain of birds.The combination of β-mannanase and XG interacted(P=0.016)for FCR where either XG or β-mannanase alone improved FCR compared to the unsupplemented control but there were no further improvements when they were added in tandem.At d 21,XG decreased(P<0.001)ileal digesta viscosity,and XG(P<0.001)or β-mannanase(P=0.004)decreased ileal pH.β-Mannanase increased total tract retention of dry matter(DM,P=0.001),nitrogen(N,P=0.019),soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP,P=0.020),insoluble NSP(P<0.001),total NSP(P<0.001),free oligosaccharides(P=0.023),calcium(Ca,P<0.001),and showed tendency(P=0.098)to increase nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy(AMEn).Dietary XG increased apparent total tract retention of DM(P=0.017),soluble NSP(P<0.001),Ca(P=0.005),apparent metabolizable energy(AME)(P=0.024),and AMEn(P=0.020).β-Mannanase and XG combination showed a tendency(P=0.073)to interact for AME such that the highest AME was observed in this group.β-Mannanase and XG combination interacted(P=0.034)for butyric acid concentration in the caecal contents where β-mannanase or XG alone increased the concentration of butyric acid compared to the unsupplemented control which was further enhanced when they were added in tandem.β-Mannanase(P=0.049)or XG(P=0.046)increased total short-chain fatty acid concentration in the caecal contents.These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of β-mannanase or XG alone provided comparable growth performance benefits and positively affected the gut environment,however,their combination further enhanced energy utilization and butyric acid production,and the latter may have implications in broiler's gut health and immune response.展开更多
We investigated the pattern of non-starch polysaccharide(NSP) digestion along the gut of pigs fed two different wheats, which were offered with or without xylanase supplementation. The two wheats used were pre-charact...We investigated the pattern of non-starch polysaccharide(NSP) digestion along the gut of pigs fed two different wheats, which were offered with or without xylanase supplementation. The two wheats used were pre-characterised before the experiment on the basis of low and normal feed intake of young pigs.Wheat type significantly influenced feed intake and growth rate in the first 7 days, however, by day 14 the only significant effect of wheat type was on growth rate. Xylanase supplementation increased the growth performance of pigs fed the poor quality wheat to a level similar to those fed the normal wheat. It also increased the daily gain of pigs fed the normal wheat. Wheat type had no significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter(DM), energy, free sugars or the different fractions of NSP in the duodenum,ileum or in the faeces. The duodenal gross energy digestibility values for the low and high performance diets were -27.4 and -47.5%, respectively, and xylanase supplementation significantly increased the digestibility of energy back to positive levels. Dry matter digestibility values followed a similar pattern. In the duodenum, xylanase increased(P < 0.05) the digestibility values of both soluble and insoluble NSP,whereas in the ileum, xylanase had a significant effect only on the digestibility of the soluble NSP fraction. Xylanase did not affect free sugar digestibility. The reduction in soluble NSP level coincided with a marked reduction in the amount of fucose, a prominent component of mucosal polysaccharides. This suggests that soluble NSP substantially increase endogenous losses. The absence of differences in the digestibility of the measured NSP between the two wheat samples suggests that the structures of the NSP, rather than just their amount and solubility, are important for the anti-nutritional properties of NSP in pig diets.展开更多
The present study characterised the types and amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)remaining undigested along the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of broiler chickens offered a typical wheat-or maizebased diet.One-day ...The present study characterised the types and amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)remaining undigested along the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of broiler chickens offered a typical wheat-or maizebased diet.One-day old Cobb 500 mixed-sex chicks were assigned to 24 pens,with 10 birds/pen and 12 pens/treatment.Birds were offered the experimental diets in 3 phases(starter,day 0 to 10;grower,day 11 to 24 and finisher,day 25 to 35).Excreta and digesta samples from the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and caeca were collected at 12 and 35 days of age,and analysed for the NSP flow.The wheat-based diet contained higher levels of soluble NSP than the maize-based diet,whereas insoluble NSP levels were similar between the 2 diets.Detailed analysis of NSP constituents revealed that arabinoxylans were the primary NSP in the wheat-based diet,mostly in insoluble form.Pectins were the predominant NSP in the maize-based diet,followed by arabinoxylans.Overall,birds offered the wheatbased diet presented higher levels of soluble NSP remaining in all gut sections compared to birds offered the maize-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.050).Accumulation of insoluble NSP in the gizzard was noted in birds fed both diets,but was more pronounced in birds offered the maize-based diet compared to the wheat-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.001).The present study highlights marked differences in the amounts and types of NSP delivered to the different gut sections when feeding wheat-compared to maize-based diets,particularly in the gizzard and the lower GIT of birds.展开更多
Pure wheat malt beer (PWMB) with potentially functional properties may attract consumer interest.To explore the functional properties of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in PWMB,NSPs were extracted from PWMB and sepa...Pure wheat malt beer (PWMB) with potentially functional properties may attract consumer interest.To explore the functional properties of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in PWMB,NSPs were extracted from PWMB and separated into PWMB non-starch polysaccharides-1 (PNSP-1) and PWMB non-starch polysaccharides-2 (PNSP-2) by Q-Sepharose Fast Flow column.PNSP-1 exhibited more effects on increasing the viscosity of beers,which had higher purity of 92.58% containing 88.53% arabinoxylan with arabinose/xylose (A/X) 0.60 and 2.78% β-glucan but no glucomannan and mannan;while PNSP-2 showed greater effects on promoting beer haze and foam retention,which had more diverse NSPs including 46.03% arabinoxylan with A/X 1.13,41.47% arabinogalactan,10.26% glucomannan,and 2.70% mannan but no β-glucan.Diversity of sugar composition resulted in a better antioxidant capacity of PNSP-2.NSPs proliferated Lactobacillus casei LC6117 and LC0331,but did not promote L.plantarum LP-28 and L.fermentium LF-2H.PNSP-2 was also utilized by L.rhamnosus SRG.PNSP-2 had better effects on prebiotics activities.PNSP,PNSP-1 and PNSP-2 all exhibited mild inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and lipase but not on α-amylase,and showed a binding capacity to fat and cholesterol.This work is of great reference significance for improving the viscosity,haze,foam retention and health value of wheat beer.展开更多
The present study evaluated the impacts of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)and oligosaccharides(OS)in the ileum of broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under su...The present study evaluated the impacts of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)and oligosaccharides(OS)in the ileum of broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.A 224 factorial arrangement of treatments was used.Factors were the following:NE challenge,no or yes;diet type,wheat-or maizebased;and supplemental enzymes,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Birds in the challenged group were inoculated with Eimeria on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14 and 15.A 3-way interaction(P=0.047)occurred on overall(d 0 to 16)weight gain.When NE was present,all the supplemental enzymes increased weight gain in birds fed the wheat-based diet;whereas in those fed the maize-based diet supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 decreased weight gain.When NE was absent,birds fed the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN10 or MAN presented increased weight gain compared to non-supplemented birds,but no improvements with enzyme addition were observed in birds fed the maize-based diet.A 3-way interaction(P=0.002)was observed on insoluble NSP level in the ileum.When NE was absent,all the supplemental enzymes reduced the ileal level of insoluble NSP,regardless of diet type.In the challenged birds,supplementing XYN10 and MAN reduced insoluble NSP level in the ileum,but only in birds fed the wheat-based diet.Ileal soluble NSP level was reduced by supplemental XYN11 and MAN,but only in birds fed the wheatbased diet,resulting in a 2-way diet typeenzyme interaction(P<0.001).Ileal OS arabinose(P=0.030)level was highest in birds offered the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN11.Collectively,supplementation of NSP-degrading enzymes to the wheat-based diet enhanced bird performance regardless of NE challenge,with XYN11 significantly increasing oligosaccharide release.However,enzyme addition did not improve growth performance in birds fed maize-based diet,with supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 impeding weight gain when NE was present.展开更多
基金funded by North Carolina Agricultural Foundation(Raleigh,NC,USA)USDA-NIFA(Hatch#02893 and National Needs Fellowship#2019-38420-28970,Washington DC,USA)+1 种基金CJ Bio(Seoul,Korea)CTC Bio(Seoul,Korea)。
文摘Background This study investigated the effects of different non-starch polysaccharide(NSP)sources with NSP degrading enzymes(NSPases)and the influence on the mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal immunity of nursery pigs,on growth performance and carcass traits at market weight.Methods One hundred and sixty newly weaned pigs at 7.0±0.3 kg body weight(BW)were allotted in a 2×2 factorial with NSP sources and NSPases serving as factors.The 4 dietary treatments were:DDGS,corn distillers'dried grains with solubles as source of NSP;DDGS+NSPases(DDGS+),DDGS with xylanase at 0.01%,3,000 U/kg of feed andβ-mannanase at 0.05%,400 U/kg of feed;SHWB,soybean hulls and wheat bran replacing corn DDGS as the source of NSP;SHWB with NSPases(SHWB+),SHWB with xylanase at 0.01%,3,000 U/kg of feed andβ-mannanase at 0.05%,400 U/kg of feed.Pigs were fed for 37 d and housed in groups of 4 pigs per pen.At d 37,the median body weight pig in each pen was euthanized for sampling to analyze intestinal health parameters.Remaining pigs were fed a common diet for subsequent phases to evaluate the carryover effect on growth and carcass traits.Results The SHWB decreased(P<0.05)the relative abundance of Helicobacter,tended to increase(P=0.074)the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,increased(P<0.05)immunoglobulin G(IgG)in the jejunal mucosa,tended to increase(P=0.096)the villus height(VH)in the jejunum,and tended to improve ADG(P=0.099)and feed efficiency(P=0.068)during phase 1 compared to DDGS treatment.Supplementation of NSPases increased(P<0.05)Shannon index of diversity,increased the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Acinetobacter,and tended to increase(P=0.082)dry matter digestibility.The BW of pigs fed SHWB was more uniform(P<0.05)at the end of the 120 d study.Additionally,hot carcass weight of pigs fed SHWB tended to be more uniform(P=0.089)than DDGS treatment.Conclusion Soybean hulls and wheat bran replacing DDGS in nursery diets improved uniformity of pigs at market weight,which might be attributed to beneficial modulation of the mucosa-associated microbiota and enhanced intestinal morphology during the nursery phase.Supplementation of NSPases had beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota,digestibility,and intestinal immunity in SHWB treatment,whereas no carryover effects were overserved at market weight.
基金Project supported by the Chinese National Science and Technology Pillar Program(No.2012BAD39B0)the Special Fund for Innovation Team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.ASTTP-IAS07)
文摘Non-starch polysaccharide enzymes（NSPEs） have long been used in the feed production of monogastric animals to degrade non-starch polysaccharide to oligosaccharides and promote growth performance. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of such enzymes on skeletal muscle in monogastric animals. To elucidate the mechanism of the effect of NSPEs on skeletal muscle, an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification（i TRAQ） for differential proteomic quantitation was applied to investigate alterations in the proteome in the longissimus muscle（LM） of growing pigs after a 50-d period of supplementation with 0.6% NSPEs in the diet. A total of 51 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the LM between a control group and the NSPE group. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed protein species showed an increased abundance of proteins related to energy production, protein synthesis, muscular differentiation, immunity, oxidation resistance and detoxification, and a decreased abundance of proteins related to inflammation in the LM of the pigs fed NSPEs. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms whereby dietary supplementation with NSPEs enzymes can promote growth performance and improve muscular metabolism in growing pigs.
基金funded by the Action Project of Scientists and Technicians Serving Enterprises of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2009GJF30046)Key Technology R&D Program of Yunnan Province (2008LA006 )+1 种基金Kunming Science and Technology Project (08G100112)Yunnan Innovative Enterprise Pilot Project
文摘[ Objective] To investigate the effects of non-starch polysaccharide （NSP） enzyme products on meat performance of broilers and thus to provide a scientific basis for their rational use. [Method] Two hundred 21-day-old Ross broilers were assigned to five groups. The broilers in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were fed positive control diet and negative control diet, respectively, which were slightly different. The broilers in group Ⅲ, Ⅳ and V were fed the negative control diet respectively supplemented with different commercial NSP enzyme products. The broilers were slaughtered at 56 days old, and their meat yield was determined. [ Result] The percentage of carcass yield and percentage of abdominal fat were significantly higher in the group Ⅲ than in the group Ⅱ （P 〈 0.05）. The percentage of small intestine weight in slaughter weight was lower in the group Ⅱ than in other groups. [ Conclusion] Diets supplemented broad-rang and highly active NSP enzyme products can promote absorption of routine feed ingredients, increase meat yield, and improve meat performance.
基金funded by the State Ministry of Science and Technology’s scientific and technical personnel serving enterprises action project (2009GJF30046)Key project of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province (2008LA006)+1 种基金Science and Technology Bureau Project of Kunming City (08G100112)Yunnan Innovation-oriented Enterprises Trial Projects’Imbursement
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to research the effect of several commercial NSP complex enzymes products on broiler meat quality, and provide scientific basis for feed enterprise and breeding farmers choosing NSP complex enzymes. [ Method] Two hundred ROSS broilers at age of 21 days were designed to five treatment groups, including the positive and negative control treatments, and Group 1 to 3 with feed additive of the commercial non-starch polysaccharide complex enzymes each on base of the negative group diet. At 56 days of age, broilers were killed and meat quality was analyzed. [ Result] The thigh meat color CIELAB a value for the negative control broilers was lower （ P 〈 0.05） than those of the positive control and Group 1. The drip loss of breast meat for Group 1 was the lowest, and the drip loss of thigh meat for the negative control was the highest among all treatments. The shear force for the negative control and Group 3 were higher than those of other three groups. There were no differences （P 〉 0.05） on the contents of chemical components, crude moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and inosine acid for breast and thigh meat among all treatments. [ Conclusion] NSP complex enzymes with complete enzyme categories and high enzyme activity can improve meat quality in broilers.
基金funded by BASF SE Animal Nutrition,Ludwigshafen,Germany.
文摘Nutritional strategies to enhance the utilization of undigested dietary components for sustainability and better production efficiency are constantly being explored in poultry.This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-mannanase alone or in combination with a xylanase and β-glucanase preparation on growth performance,nutrient and energy utilization,and gastrointestinal environment of broilers offered wheat-based diets.At d 0 post-hatch,384 mixed-sex Cobb 500 broilers were assigned to 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement,with β-mannanase(with or without)and xylanase+β-glucanase(XG,with or without)as the 2 factors.Each treatment contained 8 replicates of 12 birds per pen and 96 birds per treatment.During d 0 to 10,birds offered diets supplemented with XG(P=0.023)or β-mannanase(P=0.010)had higher weight gain,andβ-mannanase supplementation improved(P=0.040)feed conversion ratio(FCR)compared to the unsupplemented control.During d 0 to 35,XG increased(P=0.035)and β-mannanase tended(P=0.096)to increase the weight gain of birds.The combination of β-mannanase and XG interacted(P=0.016)for FCR where either XG or β-mannanase alone improved FCR compared to the unsupplemented control but there were no further improvements when they were added in tandem.At d 21,XG decreased(P<0.001)ileal digesta viscosity,and XG(P<0.001)or β-mannanase(P=0.004)decreased ileal pH.β-Mannanase increased total tract retention of dry matter(DM,P=0.001),nitrogen(N,P=0.019),soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP,P=0.020),insoluble NSP(P<0.001),total NSP(P<0.001),free oligosaccharides(P=0.023),calcium(Ca,P<0.001),and showed tendency(P=0.098)to increase nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy(AMEn).Dietary XG increased apparent total tract retention of DM(P=0.017),soluble NSP(P<0.001),Ca(P=0.005),apparent metabolizable energy(AME)(P=0.024),and AMEn(P=0.020).β-Mannanase and XG combination showed a tendency(P=0.073)to interact for AME such that the highest AME was observed in this group.β-Mannanase and XG combination interacted(P=0.034)for butyric acid concentration in the caecal contents where β-mannanase or XG alone increased the concentration of butyric acid compared to the unsupplemented control which was further enhanced when they were added in tandem.β-Mannanase(P=0.049)or XG(P=0.046)increased total short-chain fatty acid concentration in the caecal contents.These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of β-mannanase or XG alone provided comparable growth performance benefits and positively affected the gut environment,however,their combination further enhanced energy utilization and butyric acid production,and the latter may have implications in broiler's gut health and immune response.
基金financial support of Novozymes A/S and DSM Nutritional Products that enabled the research to be undertaken
文摘We investigated the pattern of non-starch polysaccharide(NSP) digestion along the gut of pigs fed two different wheats, which were offered with or without xylanase supplementation. The two wheats used were pre-characterised before the experiment on the basis of low and normal feed intake of young pigs.Wheat type significantly influenced feed intake and growth rate in the first 7 days, however, by day 14 the only significant effect of wheat type was on growth rate. Xylanase supplementation increased the growth performance of pigs fed the poor quality wheat to a level similar to those fed the normal wheat. It also increased the daily gain of pigs fed the normal wheat. Wheat type had no significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter(DM), energy, free sugars or the different fractions of NSP in the duodenum,ileum or in the faeces. The duodenal gross energy digestibility values for the low and high performance diets were -27.4 and -47.5%, respectively, and xylanase supplementation significantly increased the digestibility of energy back to positive levels. Dry matter digestibility values followed a similar pattern. In the duodenum, xylanase increased(P < 0.05) the digestibility values of both soluble and insoluble NSP,whereas in the ileum, xylanase had a significant effect only on the digestibility of the soluble NSP fraction. Xylanase did not affect free sugar digestibility. The reduction in soluble NSP level coincided with a marked reduction in the amount of fucose, a prominent component of mucosal polysaccharides. This suggests that soluble NSP substantially increase endogenous losses. The absence of differences in the digestibility of the measured NSP between the two wheat samples suggests that the structures of the NSP, rather than just their amount and solubility, are important for the anti-nutritional properties of NSP in pig diets.
文摘The present study characterised the types and amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)remaining undigested along the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of broiler chickens offered a typical wheat-or maizebased diet.One-day old Cobb 500 mixed-sex chicks were assigned to 24 pens,with 10 birds/pen and 12 pens/treatment.Birds were offered the experimental diets in 3 phases(starter,day 0 to 10;grower,day 11 to 24 and finisher,day 25 to 35).Excreta and digesta samples from the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and caeca were collected at 12 and 35 days of age,and analysed for the NSP flow.The wheat-based diet contained higher levels of soluble NSP than the maize-based diet,whereas insoluble NSP levels were similar between the 2 diets.Detailed analysis of NSP constituents revealed that arabinoxylans were the primary NSP in the wheat-based diet,mostly in insoluble form.Pectins were the predominant NSP in the maize-based diet,followed by arabinoxylans.Overall,birds offered the wheatbased diet presented higher levels of soluble NSP remaining in all gut sections compared to birds offered the maize-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.050).Accumulation of insoluble NSP in the gizzard was noted in birds fed both diets,but was more pronounced in birds offered the maize-based diet compared to the wheat-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.001).The present study highlights marked differences in the amounts and types of NSP delivered to the different gut sections when feeding wheat-compared to maize-based diets,particularly in the gizzard and the lower GIT of birds.
基金supported by the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong(grant no.2016GNC110015).
文摘Pure wheat malt beer (PWMB) with potentially functional properties may attract consumer interest.To explore the functional properties of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in PWMB,NSPs were extracted from PWMB and separated into PWMB non-starch polysaccharides-1 (PNSP-1) and PWMB non-starch polysaccharides-2 (PNSP-2) by Q-Sepharose Fast Flow column.PNSP-1 exhibited more effects on increasing the viscosity of beers,which had higher purity of 92.58% containing 88.53% arabinoxylan with arabinose/xylose (A/X) 0.60 and 2.78% β-glucan but no glucomannan and mannan;while PNSP-2 showed greater effects on promoting beer haze and foam retention,which had more diverse NSPs including 46.03% arabinoxylan with A/X 1.13,41.47% arabinogalactan,10.26% glucomannan,and 2.70% mannan but no β-glucan.Diversity of sugar composition resulted in a better antioxidant capacity of PNSP-2.NSPs proliferated Lactobacillus casei LC6117 and LC0331,but did not promote L.plantarum LP-28 and L.fermentium LF-2H.PNSP-2 was also utilized by L.rhamnosus SRG.PNSP-2 had better effects on prebiotics activities.PNSP,PNSP-1 and PNSP-2 all exhibited mild inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and lipase but not on α-amylase,and showed a binding capacity to fat and cholesterol.This work is of great reference significance for improving the viscosity,haze,foam retention and health value of wheat beer.
基金Authors acknowledge and thank BASF SE for their academic and financial support,Eimeria Pty Ltd.for providing Eimeria and Prof.Robert Moore for providing C.perfringens EHE-18 strain.
文摘The present study evaluated the impacts of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)and oligosaccharides(OS)in the ileum of broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.A 224 factorial arrangement of treatments was used.Factors were the following:NE challenge,no or yes;diet type,wheat-or maizebased;and supplemental enzymes,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Birds in the challenged group were inoculated with Eimeria on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14 and 15.A 3-way interaction(P=0.047)occurred on overall(d 0 to 16)weight gain.When NE was present,all the supplemental enzymes increased weight gain in birds fed the wheat-based diet;whereas in those fed the maize-based diet supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 decreased weight gain.When NE was absent,birds fed the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN10 or MAN presented increased weight gain compared to non-supplemented birds,but no improvements with enzyme addition were observed in birds fed the maize-based diet.A 3-way interaction(P=0.002)was observed on insoluble NSP level in the ileum.When NE was absent,all the supplemental enzymes reduced the ileal level of insoluble NSP,regardless of diet type.In the challenged birds,supplementing XYN10 and MAN reduced insoluble NSP level in the ileum,but only in birds fed the wheat-based diet.Ileal soluble NSP level was reduced by supplemental XYN11 and MAN,but only in birds fed the wheatbased diet,resulting in a 2-way diet typeenzyme interaction(P<0.001).Ileal OS arabinose(P=0.030)level was highest in birds offered the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN11.Collectively,supplementation of NSP-degrading enzymes to the wheat-based diet enhanced bird performance regardless of NE challenge,with XYN11 significantly increasing oligosaccharide release.However,enzyme addition did not improve growth performance in birds fed maize-based diet,with supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 impeding weight gain when NE was present.
