Accurate segmentation of infarct tissue in ischemic stroke is essential to determine the extent of injury and assess the risk and choose optimal treatment for this life-threatening disease.With the prior knowledge tha...Accurate segmentation of infarct tissue in ischemic stroke is essential to determine the extent of injury and assess the risk and choose optimal treatment for this life-threatening disease.With the prior knowledge that asymmetric analysis of anatomical structures can provide discriminative information,plenty of symmetry-based approaches have emerged to detect abnormalities in brain images.However,the inevitable non-pathological noise has not been fully alleviated and weakened,leading to unsatisfactory results.A novel differential rectification and refinement network(DRRN)for the automatic segmentation of ischemic strokes is proposed.Specifically,a differential feature perception encoder(DFPE)is developed to fully exploit and propagate the bilateral quasi-symmetry of healthy brains.In DFPE,an erasure-rectification(ER)module is devised to rectify pseudo-lesion features caused by non-pathological noise through utilising discriminant features within the symmetric neighbourhood of the original image.And a differentialattention(DA)mechanism is also integrated to fully perceive the differences in crossaxial features and estimate the similarity of long-range spatial context information.In addition,a crisscross differential feature reinforce module embedded with multiple boundary enhancement attention modules is designed to effectively integrate multi-scale features and refine textual details and margins of the infarct area.Experimental results on the public ATLAS and Kaggle dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of DRRN over state-of-the-arts.展开更多
When initial radius if Stoica actually derived Einstein equations in a formalism which removes the big bang singularity pathology, then the reason for Planck length no longer holds. We follow what Ng derived as limit ...When initial radius if Stoica actually derived Einstein equations in a formalism which removes the big bang singularity pathology, then the reason for Planck length no longer holds. We follow what Ng derived as limit calculations as to a space time length factor Without the drop off of the vacuum energy as given by is at least the value of . We review the work by Ng as to quantum foam as to how that affects a general expression as to energy when , with determined at least approximately by arguments he presented in 2008 in the Dark side of the universe conference. Well before certain effects make themselves apparent, in ways which are illustrated in the manuscript. Having at a point singularity would remove expansion by the scale factor, so that the extreme version of Stoica’s treatment in an isolated 4-dimensional universe would be no expansion at all.展开更多
When initial radius R<sub>initial</sub> →0 if Stoica actually presents Einstein equations in a formalism which remove the big bang singularity pathology, then the reason for Planck length no longer holds....When initial radius R<sub>initial</sub> →0 if Stoica actually presents Einstein equations in a formalism which remove the big bang singularity pathology, then the reason for Planck length no longer holds. We present entanglement entropy in the early universe with a shrinking scale factor, due to Muller and Lousto, and show that there are consequences due to initial entangled S<sub>Entropy</sub> = 0.3r<sup>2</sup><sub>h</sub>/a<sup>2 </sup>for a time dependent horizon radius r<sub>H</sub> = in cosmology, with (flat space conditions) for conformal time. Even if the 3 dimensional spatial length goes to zero, this construction preserves a minimum non-zero L vacuum energy, and in doing so keep the bits, for computational bits cosmological evolution even if Rinitial</sub> →0 . We state that the presence of computational bits is necessary for cosmological evolution to commence.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:No.62171251Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:No.2020A1515010711。
文摘Accurate segmentation of infarct tissue in ischemic stroke is essential to determine the extent of injury and assess the risk and choose optimal treatment for this life-threatening disease.With the prior knowledge that asymmetric analysis of anatomical structures can provide discriminative information,plenty of symmetry-based approaches have emerged to detect abnormalities in brain images.However,the inevitable non-pathological noise has not been fully alleviated and weakened,leading to unsatisfactory results.A novel differential rectification and refinement network(DRRN)for the automatic segmentation of ischemic strokes is proposed.Specifically,a differential feature perception encoder(DFPE)is developed to fully exploit and propagate the bilateral quasi-symmetry of healthy brains.In DFPE,an erasure-rectification(ER)module is devised to rectify pseudo-lesion features caused by non-pathological noise through utilising discriminant features within the symmetric neighbourhood of the original image.And a differentialattention(DA)mechanism is also integrated to fully perceive the differences in crossaxial features and estimate the similarity of long-range spatial context information.In addition,a crisscross differential feature reinforce module embedded with multiple boundary enhancement attention modules is designed to effectively integrate multi-scale features and refine textual details and margins of the infarct area.Experimental results on the public ATLAS and Kaggle dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of DRRN over state-of-the-arts.
文摘When initial radius if Stoica actually derived Einstein equations in a formalism which removes the big bang singularity pathology, then the reason for Planck length no longer holds. We follow what Ng derived as limit calculations as to a space time length factor Without the drop off of the vacuum energy as given by is at least the value of . We review the work by Ng as to quantum foam as to how that affects a general expression as to energy when , with determined at least approximately by arguments he presented in 2008 in the Dark side of the universe conference. Well before certain effects make themselves apparent, in ways which are illustrated in the manuscript. Having at a point singularity would remove expansion by the scale factor, so that the extreme version of Stoica’s treatment in an isolated 4-dimensional universe would be no expansion at all.
文摘When initial radius R<sub>initial</sub> →0 if Stoica actually presents Einstein equations in a formalism which remove the big bang singularity pathology, then the reason for Planck length no longer holds. We present entanglement entropy in the early universe with a shrinking scale factor, due to Muller and Lousto, and show that there are consequences due to initial entangled S<sub>Entropy</sub> = 0.3r<sup>2</sup><sub>h</sub>/a<sup>2 </sup>for a time dependent horizon radius r<sub>H</sub> = in cosmology, with (flat space conditions) for conformal time. Even if the 3 dimensional spatial length goes to zero, this construction preserves a minimum non-zero L vacuum energy, and in doing so keep the bits, for computational bits cosmological evolution even if Rinitial</sub> →0 . We state that the presence of computational bits is necessary for cosmological evolution to commence.
