Bicycling is an important way for college students and employees to get around campuses. With a rise in bicycling on campuses there comes a rise in bicycle collisions with pedestrians walking to and from classes and w...Bicycling is an important way for college students and employees to get around campuses. With a rise in bicycling on campuses there comes a rise in bicycle collisions with pedestrians walking to and from classes and work. The literature review showed many papers involving bicycle conflict modeling but on roads with motor vehicles. While some aspects of this research can be applied to non-motorized paths, there is a lack of research strictly focusing on only bicycles and pedestrians. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by developing a model to identify locations on roads and paths (hotspots) on college campuses that are likely to have a bicycle collision and predict the likelihood of a serious bicycle crash on a non-motorized path based on the characteristics of the path. This study identifies those interactions between bicyclists and pedestrians on non-motorized paths on a suburban college campus in Newark, USA. Findings suggest that pedestrian density of a path is a major factor in the maximum speed bicyclists can achieve. The wider the path is, the higher the maximum speed is that a bicyclist can obtain. This is because a wider path width decreases the pedestrian density. The grade of the path has little effect on bicycle speeds. The results of the models were displayed on a GIS map that is visually appealing to a viewer. The paths were color coded based on their level of safety, so it is easy to observe problematic areas of the network. This technique can be applied to the entire campus network of non-motorized paths to study the whole system. This can then be used by planners and designers to identify areas that need upgrading and improve the overall safety of the non-motorized path system.展开更多
Motor symptoms are cardinal clinical features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Progress in drug therapy and rehabilitation has been presenting beneficial effect for motor symptoms. However, non-motor symptoms and signs i...Motor symptoms are cardinal clinical features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Progress in drug therapy and rehabilitation has been presenting beneficial effect for motor symptoms. However, non-motor symptoms and signs in PD have been accumulated growing attentions and its amelioration may also give beneficial effect for PD patients’ and their care givers’ quality of life. In this mini-review, I overviewed non-motor symptoms and signs in PD.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a challenge for neurologists, particularly in its advanced stages when non-motor symptoms become a burden for the patient. While motor symptom...<strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a challenge for neurologists, particularly in its advanced stages when non-motor symptoms become a burden for the patient. While motor symptoms may be satisfactorily controlled with levodopa therapy or continuous levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) administration, autonomic, sleep and mental disorders are hard to treat. During the last years, researchers have shifted their interest more to non-motor symptoms, PD being now considered a complex multiorgan impairment. <strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to describe non-motor symptoms in 40 Romanian patients diagnosed with PD, under conventional and LCIG administration treatment. <strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, consisting of two groups of 20 patients each: the first group comprised PD patients who received conventional Levodopa treatment, while the second group was formed of patients receiving LCIG therapy. Various data concerning patient’s age, gender, duration of illness, comorbidities, motor and non-motor symptoms were recorded. The data were processed in SPSS v.20. <strong>Results: </strong>Subjects under continuous LCIG administration, although showing amelioration of motor symptoms, complained more frequently of constipation, mental, and sleeping disorders (statistically significant). Regarding anosmia, orthostatic hypotension, hypersalivation, urinary incontinence and restless legs syndrome, no statistical significant difference was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Nowadays, more research is conducted on non-motor symptoms in PD patients, as therapeutic measures try to limit these burdens, in order to improve patient’s quality of life.展开更多
Transportation systems provide a means for moving people and the goods from which they are spatially separated. Of the two means of surface transportation, the motorized mode is used extensively for utilitarian travel...Transportation systems provide a means for moving people and the goods from which they are spatially separated. Of the two means of surface transportation, the motorized mode is used extensively for utilitarian travel in developed countries. The increasing reliance on motorized travel has contributed to increased traffic congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse emissions. Non-motorized travel has recently received significant attention as a means to reduce congestion and environmental problems and improve human health. However, non-motorized modeling is generally underdeveloped. This study investigated some changes in non-motorized and total travel and the characteristics of the traveling public in 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2009 using a national travel survey. The study also investigated the temporal transferability of linear-regression trip generation models for non-motorized and total travel under such changes. High-income households made fewer non-motorized trips in 1990 and 1995 compared to 2001 and 2009. Persons aged 50 and over showed an increased demand for non-motorized travel, whereas children aged 0 - 15 showed a decreasing preference for non-motorized travel over time. Regarding temporal stability, only the coefficient for single-adult households with no children was stable across all of the analysis years. For both non-motorized and total travel, most model parameter estimates were stable short term but not long term. In general, the total travel models transferred better than non-motorized models, both short term and long term. Despite not finding universal stability in model parameter estimates, the models were marginally able to replicate travel in 2009 relative to the locally estimated 2009 model.展开更多
Under the background of"people-oriented"thought and"green transportation",the idea of"priority for non-motor vehicles"came into being,which can improve the riding environment of non-motor...Under the background of"people-oriented"thought and"green transportation",the idea of"priority for non-motor vehicles"came into being,which can improve the riding environment of non-motor vehicle riders to a certain extent.According to the current situation of priority for non-motor vehicles in the old urban area of Nanchang,through field investigation,questionnaire investigation and interview,this study summarized the existing problems,and put forward optimization suggestions for these problems,in order to provide reference for areas with similar conditions.展开更多
Objective: In the manuscript titled Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor Rasagiline Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinsons Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, the objective was to ...Objective: In the manuscript titled Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor Rasagiline Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinsons Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, the objective was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the effects that Rasagiline has on motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with PD. Introduction: Rasagiline is a second-generation monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor used both as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for Parkinsons Disease (PD). Methods: A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were performed with randomized control trials that investigated the effects of Rasagiline on motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with PD. The systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results: Fourteen studies were included in our review. There were trivial to small and statistically significant improvements in motor symptoms for individuals with PD treated with Rasagiline compared to placebo. Non-motor symptoms showed no significant improvement with Rasagiline compared to placebo in five of six meta-analyses. Results were based on very low to moderate certainty of evidence. Conclusion: 1 mg/day Rasagiline significantly improved Parkinsonian motor symptoms in individuals with PD compared with placebo. For all outcomes, the 1 mg/day Rasagiline group was favored over the placebo group.展开更多
Hanoi’s rapid urbanization has led to a surge in private vehicle ownership, particularly motorcycles, amidst inadequate public transportation infrastructure. Despite government efforts, many still prefer motorized tr...Hanoi’s rapid urbanization has led to a surge in private vehicle ownership, particularly motorcycles, amidst inadequate public transportation infrastructure. Despite government efforts, many still prefer motorized transport, citing mobility and safety concerns, exacerbated by insufficient pedestrian infrastructure. This study examines the motivations behind this reliance on motorized vehicles, particularly motorcycles, in Hanoi. Findings reveal safety and convenience as primary factors driving motorized transport use, especially for accessing bus stations. Economic incentives could promote non-motorized travel and public transport adoption. Policy implications highlight the importance of addressing economic factors and improving access infrastructure to manage motorized vehicle reliance and foster sustainable urban mobility in Hanoi.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is a complex syndrome with heterogeneous aetiologies, pathogenesis and manifestations. Patients with PD may...Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is a complex syndrome with heterogeneous aetiologies, pathogenesis and manifestations. Patients with PD may present with motor symptoms and various non-motor symptoms (NMSs). NMSs have been reported in almost every diagnosed case of PD and usually precede motor symptoms. Multiple factors have been proved to be associated with the occurrence of NMSs in PD, among which genetic differentiation is a featured one. With the development of sequencing techniques, an increasing number of NMS-related genetic factors have been identified. This article reviews some of the latest discoveries in this regard.展开更多
With the deployment of Connected and Automated Vehicles in the coming decades,road transportation will experience a significant upheaval.CAVs(Connected and Autonomous Vehicles)have been a main emphasis of Transportati...With the deployment of Connected and Automated Vehicles in the coming decades,road transportation will experience a significant upheaval.CAVs(Connected and Autonomous Vehicles)have been a main emphasis of Transportation and the automotive sector,and the future of transportation system analysis is widely anticipated.The examination and future development of CAVs technology has been the subject of numerous researches.However,as three essential kinds of road users,pedestrians,bicyclists,and motorcyclists have experienced little to no handling.We explored the influence of CAVs on non-motorized mobility in this article and seven various issues that CAVs face in the environment.展开更多
Redesign of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities and sustainable mobility possibilities and utilization of already occupied areas for motorized and non-motorized transport in cities. Reserved area for publi...Redesign of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities and sustainable mobility possibilities and utilization of already occupied areas for motorized and non-motorized transport in cities. Reserved area for public transport may be the redesign much more to take advantage of without taking up new space in cities. Redesigned solutions shown in the work of public mass transport and the redesign of non-motorized transport, bicycle and pedestrian paths point to the improved use and safety of movement of passengers, cyclists and pedestrians. This paper presents five redesigned concept designs as improving existing forms of transport and movement of cyclists and pedestrians in cities. Redesigned conceptual designs of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities should serve as ideas for the growing problems of urban development in the segment of insufficient surface for pedestrians and cyclists, as well as sustainable mobility transport people in the city.展开更多
With the development of socio-economic conditions,comprehensive improvements in residential environments,and evolving family values among the elderly,mobility issues for senior citizens have become a prominent social ...With the development of socio-economic conditions,comprehensive improvements in residential environments,and evolving family values among the elderly,mobility issues for senior citizens have become a prominent social concern in China.Aging urban districts characterized by concentrated elderly populations exhibit significant environmental challenges and urgently need age-friendly infrastructure updates.This study conducted a comprehensive review of domestic and international literature related to the age-friendly renovation of the non-motorized traffic environment and systematically analyzed research trends and existing gaps.Furthermore,it investigated the pedestrian spaces in Tianjin’s aging urban districts and delineated multifaceted spatial challenges.Simultaneously,in-depth demographic analysis of the aging population in Tianjin’s four central urban districts informed the strategic selection of nine sub-districts—comprising the two sub-districts with the highest aging population rates in each district,along with Wanxing sub-district,which hosts the city’s largest elderly population.Through random interviews with 40 senior residents in those sub-districts,the multi-level environmental needs of elderly individuals in these aging urban neighborhoods were comprehensively explored and categorized.Ultimately,by comparing the environmental needs of the elderly population with the current urban landscape,this study accurately identified the key elements for the age-appropriate renewal of the non-motorized traffic environment.Furthermore,targeted strategic intervention plans that address the issue of infrastructure adaptation in aging urban areas are proposed.展开更多
Background Although the validity of non-motor symptoms screening questionnaire （NMSQuest） for Parkinson＇s disease has been verified in several recent researches, the specificity of the questionnaire is still in dou...Background Although the validity of non-motor symptoms screening questionnaire （NMSQuest） for Parkinson＇s disease has been verified in several recent researches, the specificity of the questionnaire is still in doubt. This study aimed to compare the non-motor symptoms （NMS） in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） with a medically ill control group. Methods In this study, the first comprehensive clinic-based NMS screening questionnaire for PD developed by the Parkinson＇s Disease Non-Motor Group （PDNMG） was used. Data from 90 PD patients and 270 sex-and age-matched control subjects, including stroke （n=90）, heart disease （n=-90） and diabetes （n=-90） were analyzed. Results Compared with control group, NMS was more common in PD; on an average, most PD patients reported more than 12 non-motor items. There was a correlation of total NMS score in PD patients with Hoehn ＆ Yahr Staging, but not with age, sex distribution, disease duration, or age at disease onset. Additionally, depression, constipation and impaired olfaction which occurred prior to the motor symptoms of PD were reported in this study. Conclusions NMS are more common in PD patients. There are some NMS that occurred at the preclinical stage of PD and might predict the onset of motor symptoms of PD patients.展开更多
As an important component of city evolution, urban land redevelopment has an impact on transportation system. The current traffic impact analysis （TIA） is lack of a comprehensive component for non-motorized transpor...As an important component of city evolution, urban land redevelopment has an impact on transportation system. The current traffic impact analysis （TIA） is lack of a comprehensive component for non-motorized transportation under redevelopment. For a better guidance of land redevelopment and non-motorized transportation planning, it is necessary to evaluate the negative impact of redevelopment on non-motorized traffic in the TIA. In this paper, an evaluation framework for the impact analysis is built up. We organized the pro- cedures and components of impact evaluation, and proposed the corresponding qualitative and quantitative evaluation indicators for non-motorized traffic under redevelopment. Level of service （LOS） and its criterion are employed for external impact evaluation, and level of safety, convenience, independence, and comfort which are four aspects of quality of service （QOS） are proposed to analyze the internal impact. The framework is applied to a redevelopment study in Shanghai, China. The case study results indicate that the rede- velopment from a residential area to a mixed commercial area has a significant impact on non-motorized traffic. The potential negative impact from both external and internal traffic can be minimized by reasonable improvements in the internal land use design.展开更多
The high risk of injury resulting from non-motorized vehicle(NMV)crashes has created the goal of using the 3E strategy to comprehensively improve NMV safety.Traditional safety improvement methods identify hot zones ge...The high risk of injury resulting from non-motorized vehicle(NMV)crashes has created the goal of using the 3E strategy to comprehensively improve NMV safety.Traditional safety improvement methods identify hot zones generally by crash frequency or density,which is effective for roadway engineering improvements but neglects characteristics related to other improvements such as safety education.As safety education would be more effective if targeted at the residences of crash-involved road users,the traditional approach to hot zones may therefore provide biased results for such alternative countermeasures.After confirming that 77.17%of NMV crashes occurred outside the involved riders’areas of residence,this study compared the differences between the locations of crashes and the residences of NMV crash-involved riders in safety influencing factors and hot zone identification.A Poisson lognormal bivariate conditional autoregressive(PLN-BCAR)model was developed to account for potential correlations between crashes and involved riders.The model was compared with the univariate Poisson lognormal conditional autoregressive(UPLN-CAR)model and the bivariate Poisson lognormal conditional autoregressive(BPLNCAR)model;the PLN-BCAR model outperformed the other two models in its better interpretation of the influencing factors and its more efficient parameter estimation.Model results indicated that crashes were mainly associated with roadway and land use characteristics,while involved road users were mainly associated with socioeconomic and land use characteristics.The potential for safety improvement method was adopted to identify hot zones for countermeasure implementation.Results showed over 60%of the identified hot zones were inconsistent:they needed improvement in either engineering or education but not both.These findings can help target the type of improvement to better utilize resources for NMV safety.展开更多
目的:研究表明,重复经颅磁刺激和经颅直流电刺激对改善脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能具有积极作用。采用网状Meta分析方法评价重复经颅磁刺激和经颅直流电刺激对脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能及步态改善的临床疗效。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、Sino...目的:研究表明,重复经颅磁刺激和经颅直流电刺激对改善脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能具有积极作用。采用网状Meta分析方法评价重复经颅磁刺激和经颅直流电刺激对脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能及步态改善的临床疗效。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、SinoMed、PubMed、Web of Science、Medline数据库,搜索关于重复经颅磁刺激与经颅直流电刺激改善脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能及步态的随机对照试验,检索时限均为数据库建库至2024-10-05。筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,采用Stata 15.0软件进行网状Meta分析,使用GRADE证据分级系统进行质量评价。结果:最终纳入19篇研究,涉及常规治疗、高频重复经颅磁刺激、低频重复经颅磁刺激、阳极经颅直流电刺激4种治疗方案。网状Meta分析结果显示,与常规治疗相比,低频重复经颅磁刺激改善脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能方面的疗效最佳[MD=9.48,95%CI(6.61,12.34),P<0.05],在缓解痉挛方面,高频重复经颅磁刺激的疗效最佳[MD=-0.63,95%CI(-1.72,0.45),P<0.05],经颅直流电刺激改善脑瘫患儿踝关节活动度和步速方面的疗效最佳[MD=2.27,95%CI(1.37,3.17),P<0.05;MD=0.11,95%CI(0.05,0.17),P<0.05]。结论:现有临床证据表明,对于脑瘫患儿,在改善下肢粗大运动功能方面,低频重复经颅磁刺激展现出最佳疗效;对于降低肌痉挛程度,高频重复经颅磁刺激的效果更为显著;在步态改善方面,经颅直流电刺激则表现出明显优势。展开更多
文摘Bicycling is an important way for college students and employees to get around campuses. With a rise in bicycling on campuses there comes a rise in bicycle collisions with pedestrians walking to and from classes and work. The literature review showed many papers involving bicycle conflict modeling but on roads with motor vehicles. While some aspects of this research can be applied to non-motorized paths, there is a lack of research strictly focusing on only bicycles and pedestrians. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by developing a model to identify locations on roads and paths (hotspots) on college campuses that are likely to have a bicycle collision and predict the likelihood of a serious bicycle crash on a non-motorized path based on the characteristics of the path. This study identifies those interactions between bicyclists and pedestrians on non-motorized paths on a suburban college campus in Newark, USA. Findings suggest that pedestrian density of a path is a major factor in the maximum speed bicyclists can achieve. The wider the path is, the higher the maximum speed is that a bicyclist can obtain. This is because a wider path width decreases the pedestrian density. The grade of the path has little effect on bicycle speeds. The results of the models were displayed on a GIS map that is visually appealing to a viewer. The paths were color coded based on their level of safety, so it is easy to observe problematic areas of the network. This technique can be applied to the entire campus network of non-motorized paths to study the whole system. This can then be used by planners and designers to identify areas that need upgrading and improve the overall safety of the non-motorized path system.
文摘Motor symptoms are cardinal clinical features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Progress in drug therapy and rehabilitation has been presenting beneficial effect for motor symptoms. However, non-motor symptoms and signs in PD have been accumulated growing attentions and its amelioration may also give beneficial effect for PD patients’ and their care givers’ quality of life. In this mini-review, I overviewed non-motor symptoms and signs in PD.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a challenge for neurologists, particularly in its advanced stages when non-motor symptoms become a burden for the patient. While motor symptoms may be satisfactorily controlled with levodopa therapy or continuous levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) administration, autonomic, sleep and mental disorders are hard to treat. During the last years, researchers have shifted their interest more to non-motor symptoms, PD being now considered a complex multiorgan impairment. <strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to describe non-motor symptoms in 40 Romanian patients diagnosed with PD, under conventional and LCIG administration treatment. <strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, consisting of two groups of 20 patients each: the first group comprised PD patients who received conventional Levodopa treatment, while the second group was formed of patients receiving LCIG therapy. Various data concerning patient’s age, gender, duration of illness, comorbidities, motor and non-motor symptoms were recorded. The data were processed in SPSS v.20. <strong>Results: </strong>Subjects under continuous LCIG administration, although showing amelioration of motor symptoms, complained more frequently of constipation, mental, and sleeping disorders (statistically significant). Regarding anosmia, orthostatic hypotension, hypersalivation, urinary incontinence and restless legs syndrome, no statistical significant difference was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Nowadays, more research is conducted on non-motor symptoms in PD patients, as therapeutic measures try to limit these burdens, in order to improve patient’s quality of life.
文摘Transportation systems provide a means for moving people and the goods from which they are spatially separated. Of the two means of surface transportation, the motorized mode is used extensively for utilitarian travel in developed countries. The increasing reliance on motorized travel has contributed to increased traffic congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse emissions. Non-motorized travel has recently received significant attention as a means to reduce congestion and environmental problems and improve human health. However, non-motorized modeling is generally underdeveloped. This study investigated some changes in non-motorized and total travel and the characteristics of the traveling public in 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2009 using a national travel survey. The study also investigated the temporal transferability of linear-regression trip generation models for non-motorized and total travel under such changes. High-income households made fewer non-motorized trips in 1990 and 1995 compared to 2001 and 2009. Persons aged 50 and over showed an increased demand for non-motorized travel, whereas children aged 0 - 15 showed a decreasing preference for non-motorized travel over time. Regarding temporal stability, only the coefficient for single-adult households with no children was stable across all of the analysis years. For both non-motorized and total travel, most model parameter estimates were stable short term but not long term. In general, the total travel models transferred better than non-motorized models, both short term and long term. Despite not finding universal stability in model parameter estimates, the models were marginally able to replicate travel in 2009 relative to the locally estimated 2009 model.
文摘Under the background of"people-oriented"thought and"green transportation",the idea of"priority for non-motor vehicles"came into being,which can improve the riding environment of non-motor vehicle riders to a certain extent.According to the current situation of priority for non-motor vehicles in the old urban area of Nanchang,through field investigation,questionnaire investigation and interview,this study summarized the existing problems,and put forward optimization suggestions for these problems,in order to provide reference for areas with similar conditions.
文摘Objective: In the manuscript titled Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor Rasagiline Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinsons Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, the objective was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the effects that Rasagiline has on motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with PD. Introduction: Rasagiline is a second-generation monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor used both as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for Parkinsons Disease (PD). Methods: A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were performed with randomized control trials that investigated the effects of Rasagiline on motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with PD. The systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results: Fourteen studies were included in our review. There were trivial to small and statistically significant improvements in motor symptoms for individuals with PD treated with Rasagiline compared to placebo. Non-motor symptoms showed no significant improvement with Rasagiline compared to placebo in five of six meta-analyses. Results were based on very low to moderate certainty of evidence. Conclusion: 1 mg/day Rasagiline significantly improved Parkinsonian motor symptoms in individuals with PD compared with placebo. For all outcomes, the 1 mg/day Rasagiline group was favored over the placebo group.
文摘Hanoi’s rapid urbanization has led to a surge in private vehicle ownership, particularly motorcycles, amidst inadequate public transportation infrastructure. Despite government efforts, many still prefer motorized transport, citing mobility and safety concerns, exacerbated by insufficient pedestrian infrastructure. This study examines the motivations behind this reliance on motorized vehicles, particularly motorcycles, in Hanoi. Findings reveal safety and convenience as primary factors driving motorized transport use, especially for accessing bus stations. Economic incentives could promote non-motorized travel and public transport adoption. Policy implications highlight the importance of addressing economic factors and improving access infrastructure to manage motorized vehicle reliance and foster sustainable urban mobility in Hanoi.
文摘Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is a complex syndrome with heterogeneous aetiologies, pathogenesis and manifestations. Patients with PD may present with motor symptoms and various non-motor symptoms (NMSs). NMSs have been reported in almost every diagnosed case of PD and usually precede motor symptoms. Multiple factors have been proved to be associated with the occurrence of NMSs in PD, among which genetic differentiation is a featured one. With the development of sequencing techniques, an increasing number of NMS-related genetic factors have been identified. This article reviews some of the latest discoveries in this regard.
文摘With the deployment of Connected and Automated Vehicles in the coming decades,road transportation will experience a significant upheaval.CAVs(Connected and Autonomous Vehicles)have been a main emphasis of Transportation and the automotive sector,and the future of transportation system analysis is widely anticipated.The examination and future development of CAVs technology has been the subject of numerous researches.However,as three essential kinds of road users,pedestrians,bicyclists,and motorcyclists have experienced little to no handling.We explored the influence of CAVs on non-motorized mobility in this article and seven various issues that CAVs face in the environment.
文摘Redesign of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities and sustainable mobility possibilities and utilization of already occupied areas for motorized and non-motorized transport in cities. Reserved area for public transport may be the redesign much more to take advantage of without taking up new space in cities. Redesigned solutions shown in the work of public mass transport and the redesign of non-motorized transport, bicycle and pedestrian paths point to the improved use and safety of movement of passengers, cyclists and pedestrians. This paper presents five redesigned concept designs as improving existing forms of transport and movement of cyclists and pedestrians in cities. Redesigned conceptual designs of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities should serve as ideas for the growing problems of urban development in the segment of insufficient surface for pedestrians and cyclists, as well as sustainable mobility transport people in the city.
文摘With the development of socio-economic conditions,comprehensive improvements in residential environments,and evolving family values among the elderly,mobility issues for senior citizens have become a prominent social concern in China.Aging urban districts characterized by concentrated elderly populations exhibit significant environmental challenges and urgently need age-friendly infrastructure updates.This study conducted a comprehensive review of domestic and international literature related to the age-friendly renovation of the non-motorized traffic environment and systematically analyzed research trends and existing gaps.Furthermore,it investigated the pedestrian spaces in Tianjin’s aging urban districts and delineated multifaceted spatial challenges.Simultaneously,in-depth demographic analysis of the aging population in Tianjin’s four central urban districts informed the strategic selection of nine sub-districts—comprising the two sub-districts with the highest aging population rates in each district,along with Wanxing sub-district,which hosts the city’s largest elderly population.Through random interviews with 40 senior residents in those sub-districts,the multi-level environmental needs of elderly individuals in these aging urban neighborhoods were comprehensively explored and categorized.Ultimately,by comparing the environmental needs of the elderly population with the current urban landscape,this study accurately identified the key elements for the age-appropriate renewal of the non-motorized traffic environment.Furthermore,targeted strategic intervention plans that address the issue of infrastructure adaptation in aging urban areas are proposed.
文摘Background Although the validity of non-motor symptoms screening questionnaire （NMSQuest） for Parkinson＇s disease has been verified in several recent researches, the specificity of the questionnaire is still in doubt. This study aimed to compare the non-motor symptoms （NMS） in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） with a medically ill control group. Methods In this study, the first comprehensive clinic-based NMS screening questionnaire for PD developed by the Parkinson＇s Disease Non-Motor Group （PDNMG） was used. Data from 90 PD patients and 270 sex-and age-matched control subjects, including stroke （n=90）, heart disease （n=-90） and diabetes （n=-90） were analyzed. Results Compared with control group, NMS was more common in PD; on an average, most PD patients reported more than 12 non-motor items. There was a correlation of total NMS score in PD patients with Hoehn ＆ Yahr Staging, but not with age, sex distribution, disease duration, or age at disease onset. Additionally, depression, constipation and impaired olfaction which occurred prior to the motor symptoms of PD were reported in this study. Conclusions NMS are more common in PD patients. There are some NMS that occurred at the preclinical stage of PD and might predict the onset of motor symptoms of PD patients.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No. 200802470030)
文摘As an important component of city evolution, urban land redevelopment has an impact on transportation system. The current traffic impact analysis （TIA） is lack of a comprehensive component for non-motorized transportation under redevelopment. For a better guidance of land redevelopment and non-motorized transportation planning, it is necessary to evaluate the negative impact of redevelopment on non-motorized traffic in the TIA. In this paper, an evaluation framework for the impact analysis is built up. We organized the pro- cedures and components of impact evaluation, and proposed the corresponding qualitative and quantitative evaluation indicators for non-motorized traffic under redevelopment. Level of service （LOS） and its criterion are employed for external impact evaluation, and level of safety, convenience, independence, and comfort which are four aspects of quality of service （QOS） are proposed to analyze the internal impact. The framework is applied to a redevelopment study in Shanghai, China. The case study results indicate that the rede- velopment from a residential area to a mixed commercial area has a significant impact on non-motorized traffic. The potential negative impact from both external and internal traffic can be minimized by reasonable improvements in the internal land use design.
基金the International Science and Technology Cooperation Programme of China(2017YFE0134500)。
文摘The high risk of injury resulting from non-motorized vehicle(NMV)crashes has created the goal of using the 3E strategy to comprehensively improve NMV safety.Traditional safety improvement methods identify hot zones generally by crash frequency or density,which is effective for roadway engineering improvements but neglects characteristics related to other improvements such as safety education.As safety education would be more effective if targeted at the residences of crash-involved road users,the traditional approach to hot zones may therefore provide biased results for such alternative countermeasures.After confirming that 77.17%of NMV crashes occurred outside the involved riders’areas of residence,this study compared the differences between the locations of crashes and the residences of NMV crash-involved riders in safety influencing factors and hot zone identification.A Poisson lognormal bivariate conditional autoregressive(PLN-BCAR)model was developed to account for potential correlations between crashes and involved riders.The model was compared with the univariate Poisson lognormal conditional autoregressive(UPLN-CAR)model and the bivariate Poisson lognormal conditional autoregressive(BPLNCAR)model;the PLN-BCAR model outperformed the other two models in its better interpretation of the influencing factors and its more efficient parameter estimation.Model results indicated that crashes were mainly associated with roadway and land use characteristics,while involved road users were mainly associated with socioeconomic and land use characteristics.The potential for safety improvement method was adopted to identify hot zones for countermeasure implementation.Results showed over 60%of the identified hot zones were inconsistent:they needed improvement in either engineering or education but not both.These findings can help target the type of improvement to better utilize resources for NMV safety.
文摘目的:研究表明,重复经颅磁刺激和经颅直流电刺激对改善脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能具有积极作用。采用网状Meta分析方法评价重复经颅磁刺激和经颅直流电刺激对脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能及步态改善的临床疗效。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、SinoMed、PubMed、Web of Science、Medline数据库,搜索关于重复经颅磁刺激与经颅直流电刺激改善脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能及步态的随机对照试验,检索时限均为数据库建库至2024-10-05。筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,采用Stata 15.0软件进行网状Meta分析,使用GRADE证据分级系统进行质量评价。结果:最终纳入19篇研究,涉及常规治疗、高频重复经颅磁刺激、低频重复经颅磁刺激、阳极经颅直流电刺激4种治疗方案。网状Meta分析结果显示,与常规治疗相比,低频重复经颅磁刺激改善脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能方面的疗效最佳[MD=9.48,95%CI(6.61,12.34),P<0.05],在缓解痉挛方面,高频重复经颅磁刺激的疗效最佳[MD=-0.63,95%CI(-1.72,0.45),P<0.05],经颅直流电刺激改善脑瘫患儿踝关节活动度和步速方面的疗效最佳[MD=2.27,95%CI(1.37,3.17),P<0.05;MD=0.11,95%CI(0.05,0.17),P<0.05]。结论:现有临床证据表明,对于脑瘫患儿,在改善下肢粗大运动功能方面,低频重复经颅磁刺激展现出最佳疗效;对于降低肌痉挛程度,高频重复经颅磁刺激的效果更为显著;在步态改善方面,经颅直流电刺激则表现出明显优势。
