Requirements elicitation step is of paramount importance in the requirements engineering process. In the distributed environment of so-called inter-company cooperative information system, this step is a thorny issue. ...Requirements elicitation step is of paramount importance in the requirements engineering process. In the distributed environment of so-called inter-company cooperative information system, this step is a thorny issue. To elicit require-ments for an inter-company cooperative information system, we early proposed a methodology called MAMIE (from MAcro to MIcro level requirements Elicitation) with an accompanied tool. In MAMIE methodology, requirements are the result of composing functional and non-functional concerns. Before non-functional concerns composition, it’s primary to identify relationships between them. According to the most existing approaches, a non-functional concern may have a negative, positive or null contribution on the other non-functional concerns. In this paper, we argue that using only these three contributions types is not sufficient to express relationships which may exist between non-functional concerns. Thus, we propose a process which aims to identify non-functional concerns’ relationships and model them using a fuzzy cognitive map. The resulting model is composed of non-functional concerns, relationships between them and the weight of these relationships expressed with linguistics fuzzy values. Using fuzzy cognitive maps to model non-functional concerns relationships allows moving from the conventional modelling toward developing a computer based model. An example from the textile industry is used to illustrate the applicability of our process.展开更多
Dependable computer based systems employing fault tolerance and robust software development techniques demand additional error detection and recovery related tasks. This results in tangling of core functionality with ...Dependable computer based systems employing fault tolerance and robust software development techniques demand additional error detection and recovery related tasks. This results in tangling of core functionality with these cross cutting non-functional concerns. In this regard current work identifies these dependability related non-functional and cross-cutting concerns and proposes design and implementation solutions in an aspect oriented framework that modularizes and separates them from core functionality. The degree of separation has been quantified using software metrics. A Lego NXT Robot based case study has been completed to evaluate the proposed design framework.展开更多
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner(Bt)cotton was widely grown in China from 1997.Since then,it has resulted in many misunderstandings and concerns about Bt cotton.However,extensive research and practical experience over ...Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner(Bt)cotton was widely grown in China from 1997.Since then,it has resulted in many misunderstandings and concerns about Bt cotton.However,extensive research and practical experience over the past 28 years in China have led to the resolution of many of these concerns.This short review explores how the concerns has been resolved,and provides valuable insights for the future utilization of genetically modified products.展开更多
A method for modeling crosscutting concerns in the concurrent software system is presented based on the aspect-oriented（A-O） technique and the statechart of unified modeling language （UML）. Modeled with UML statec...A method for modeling crosscutting concerns in the concurrent software system is presented based on the aspect-oriented（A-O） technique and the statechart of unified modeling language （UML）. Modeled with UML statechart diagrams, the primary system functions and corresponding traversal features are enveloped into various orthogonal regions of a composite state. The mutual relationships between orthogonal regions are implied by the orders of broadcast events. Using a modular transition system as a basic computational model, the formalization description of A-O statechart models is proposed. The precise semantics of model elements and modeling procedures is given. The example study indicates that the separation strategy of crosscutting concerns is implemented in the design phase of the concurrent software system with this method. Meanwhile, the software modeling method has advantages of loose coupling, adaptability and traceability.展开更多
AIM:To describe clinical characteristics of head and neck cancer(HNC)patients with pain and those wishing to discuss pain concerns during consultation.METHODS:Cross-sectional,questionnaire study using University of Wa...AIM:To describe clinical characteristics of head and neck cancer(HNC)patients with pain and those wishing to discuss pain concerns during consultation.METHODS:Cross-sectional,questionnaire study using University of Washington Quality of Life,version 4(UWQOL)and the Patients Concerns Inventory(PCI)in disease-free,post-treatment HNC cohort.Significant pain on UW-QOL and indicating"Pain in head and neck"and"Pain elsewhere"on PCI.RESULTS:One hundred and seventy-seven patientscompleted UW-QOL and PCI.The prevalence of selfreported pain issues was 38%(67/177)comprising25%(44/177)with significant problems despite medications and 13%(23/177)with lesser or no problems but wishing to discuss pain.Patients aged under 65years and patients having treatment involving radiotherapy were more likely to have pain issues.Just over half,55%(24/44)of patients with significant pain did not express a need to discuss this.Those with significant pain or others wanting to discuss pain in clinic had greater problems in physical and social-emotional functioning,reported suboptimal QOL,and also had more additional PCI items to discuss in clinic compared to those without significant pain and not wishing to discuss pain.CONCLUSION:Significant HNC-related pain is prevalent in the disease-free,posttreatment cohort.Onward referral to a specialist pain team may be beneficial.The UW-QOL and PCI package is a valuable tool that may routinely screen for significant pain in outpatient clinics.展开更多
As nanotechnology finds new applications, the formulation and use of nano-particulate structures in the production of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals keeps increasing. Nano-sized materials such as cubosomes, nanodots, li...As nanotechnology finds new applications, the formulation and use of nano-particulate structures in the production of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals keeps increasing. Nano-sized materials such as cubosomes, nanodots, liposomes, dendrimers, nano-emulsions are now becoming regular ingredients in the cosmetic space. These nanoparticle-based cosmetics or nano-cosmeceuticals have extended the boundaries of the applications of cosmetics in managing conditions of wrinkling, dehydrated and inelastic skin associated with aging and dispersed hyperpigmentation. With so many claims by giant cosmetic manufacturers on the several possibilities achievable by such products containing these, there remain valid questions needing answers. Such includes: what are the actual facts as opposed to unfounded expectations on use of nano-materials in cosmetics? What are the peculiar properties of Nano-sized structures? Any potential or actual health risks associated with nanoparticle-incorporated cosmetic products? What roles are the regulating authorities and academic researchers playing in the light of all these developments? This review attempts to answer these questions, taking a look at the updates on nano-sized materials used in cosmetics, while presenting actual advances made in nano-cosmetics amidst the seemingly not too obvious hidden risks.展开更多
Background It remains unclear that the influence of pre-procedure concerns and anxiety on patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). The present study aimed to evaluate the anxiety-related factors and the effectivene...Background It remains unclear that the influence of pre-procedure concerns and anxiety on patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). The present study aimed to evaluate the anxiety-related factors and the effectiveness of Facial Anxiety Scale(FAS)in such settings. Methods We consecutively enrolled 159 patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention between January 2016 and October 2016. The Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory(SAI)and FAS were calculated. Results The mean age was 66 years,and 72%was male. Their anxiety ranged from lower to moderate level(mean SAI=36.44;median FAS=2,ranging from1 to 5). There was a moderate correlation between SAI and FAS(P=0.001),and the sensitivity of FAS was lower(27%),but the specificity was higher(95%). The most concern(37%)was the uncertainty about the outcome of the procedure. The risk factors of higher anxiety included suffering from angina(OR=4.96),and those paying high attention to the postoperative results(OR=4.00). Conclusions Many patients have moderate anxiety before percutaneous coronary intervention. Therefore,the conventional assessment and management methods for anxiety disorders(SAI and FAS)should be commonly used.展开更多
When COVID-19 pandemic hit China,Chinese clinical psychologists,counselors and other practitioners reacted quickly to provide psychological interventions for different target groups.Different professional ethical conc...When COVID-19 pandemic hit China,Chinese clinical psychologists,counselors and other practitioners reacted quickly to provide psychological interventions for different target groups.Different professional ethical concerns and potential transgressions arose during different stages of pandemic.This paper aimed to summarize different ethical concerns and transgressions during different stages of pandemic in China,as well as how the professional ethical workgroup in the registration system of clinical psychologists and professional organizations of Chinese Psychological Society(CPS)to publish a series of documents as recommendations on ethical practice.It is hoped by providing a picture of“problems vs.solutions”in terms of professional ethical issues on psychological interventions for COVID-19 pandemic in China,the paper may provide certain inspirations as well as emotional support to clinical practitioners from other countries and regions who have beenfighting the pandemic.展开更多
This paper investigates the role of trust, privacy concerns, and data governance on managers’ intention to use big data systems. In literature, trusting beliefs, such as functionality, helpfulness, and reliability we...This paper investigates the role of trust, privacy concerns, and data governance on managers’ intention to use big data systems. In literature, trusting beliefs, such as functionality, helpfulness, and reliability were found to be antecedent of trust in technological artifacts. Notice, access, choice, and security principles were found to be crucial in eliminating privacy concerns. On the other hand, this paper focuses on data storage and data collection which have been significant criterion for managers in evaluating companies’ data governance policies. A model depicting the relationships amongst all these factors and their relation to users’ intention to adopt big data systems and a scale was proposed in the paper.展开更多
Background: Primary non-function(PNF) and early allograft failure(EAF) after liver transplantation(LT) seriously affect patient outcomes. In clinical practice, effective prognostic tools for early identifying recipien...Background: Primary non-function(PNF) and early allograft failure(EAF) after liver transplantation(LT) seriously affect patient outcomes. In clinical practice, effective prognostic tools for early identifying recipients at high risk of PNF and EAF were urgently needed. Recently, the Model for Early Allograft Function(MEAF), PNF score by King's College(King-PNF) and Balance-and-Risk-Lactate(BAR-Lac) score were developed to assess the risks of PNF and EAF. This study aimed to externally validate and compare the prognostic performance of these three scores for predicting PNF and EAF. Methods: A retrospective study included 720 patients with primary LT between January 2015 and December 2020. MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac scores were compared using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) and the net reclassification improvement(NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement(IDI) analyses. Results: Of all 720 patients, 28(3.9%) developed PNF and 67(9.3%) developed EAF in 3 months. The overall early allograft dysfunction(EAD) rate was 39.0%. The 3-month patient mortality was 8.6% while 1-year graft-failure-free survival was 89.2%. The median MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac scores were 5.0(3.5–6.3),-2.1(-2.6 to-1.2), and 5.0(2.0–11.0), respectively. For predicting PNF, MEAF and King-PNF scores had excellent area under curves(AUCs) of 0.872 and 0.891, superior to BAR-Lac(AUC = 0.830). The NRI and IDI analyses confirmed that King-PNF score had the best performance in predicting PNF while MEAF served as a better predictor of EAD. The EAF risk curve and 1-year graft-failure-free survival curve showed that King-PNF was superior to MEAF and BAR-Lac scores for stratifying the risk of EAF. Conclusions: MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac were validated as practical and effective risk assessment tools of PNF. King-PNF score outperformed MEAF and BAR-Lac in predicting PNF and EAF within 6 months. BAR-Lac score had a huge advantage in the prediction for PNF without post-transplant variables. Proper use of these scores will help early identify PNF, standardize grading of EAF and reasonably select clinical endpoints in relative studies.展开更多
Background and Purpose: Researchers’ incomplete perception of the concerns about childbearing decision making process is revealed in discussions about policies and programs that are designed to influence fertility. P...Background and Purpose: Researchers’ incomplete perception of the concerns about childbearing decision making process is revealed in discussions about policies and programs that are designed to influence fertility. Perceiving the concerns of women is essential to explain process of decision making for childbearing. This study aimed to understand women’s main concerns about childbearing decision making. Methods: This qualitative study was performed by conventional content analysis approach. The participants included 22 married women in Tehran who were pregnant for the first time or were using contraceptive methods. Purposeful sampling began and continued up to data saturation. To collect data, the unstructured in-depth interviews were used. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis by Lundman and Graneheim method. Findings: Four categories were obtained from data including “fear”, “uncertainty”, “hope” and “financial security”. The main category or theme was “concerns about one’s own future or securing child’s future” that was extracted as the main concern of women about childbearing decision making process. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that concerns about one’s own future or securing child’s future are the main concerns of women about childbearing decision making. Deep understanding of women’s concerns about childbearing will help midwives and other service providers to provide services, strategies and more sensitive and appropriate interventions.展开更多
Since 2014, the development of the China-India relationship has followed a trend of starting high and ending low. The China-India relationship warmed up rapidly in the first two years, which nevertheless failed to bri...Since 2014, the development of the China-India relationship has followed a trend of starting high and ending low. The China-India relationship warmed up rapidly in the first two years, which nevertheless failed to bring about a substantial breakthrough in their bilateral relations, as India's strategic doubts about China and their differences of interests on numerous issues still pose difficulties.展开更多
Controversy exists whether or not patient’s concerns regarding anesthetics can be reduced by face-to-face pre-assessment with an anesthetist. Thus we were looking at concerns patients had before and after such a cons...Controversy exists whether or not patient’s concerns regarding anesthetics can be reduced by face-to-face pre-assessment with an anesthetist. Thus we were looking at concerns patients had before and after such a consultation. Patient satisfaction was rated by a validated questionnaire. A four-staged Likert-scale was used to quantify the extent of patients concerns. The totaling 461 patients were overall highly satisfied. 448 patients had “nil” to “minimal” concerns. After the assessment, 106 patients stated their concerns had been lessened (p 0.001). Having gone through the anesthetic pre-assessment center, 99.1% of all patients reported no considerable concerns regarding anesthetics whatsoever. A high level of patient satisfaction does not constitute a low level of concerns patients may hold over anesthetics, although a pre-operative consultation mitigated these concerns by 23%, whilst for 9% of all patients this pre-assessment led to a higher level of concerns.展开更多
The aim was to investigate effects of different groups of individuals (residents, tourists, experts, decision makers and members of tourist industry) and demographic variables (gender, age, education) on climate chang...The aim was to investigate effects of different groups of individuals (residents, tourists, experts, decision makers and members of tourist industry) and demographic variables (gender, age, education) on climate change-related concerns, beliefs and emotions. In line with the predictions: 1) Experts were shown to be least concerned for and afraid of climate change impact;2) Youngest participants were found to be most, and oldest least, concerned for their future;3) Women were shown to be more concerned for and afraid of the consequences of climate change;and 4) Men and the least educated participants believed their jobs to be more threatened by the environmental laws and protection, and the latter ones believed moreover that the claims about climate change are exaggerated. Implications of these findings for value orientations and their relationships to environmental concerns, beliefs and emotions are discussed.展开更多
Background Virtual reality(VR)has become a powerful and promising tool for education,and numerous studies have investigated the application and effectiveness of VR education.However,few studies have focused on the exp...Background Virtual reality(VR)has become a powerful and promising tool for education,and numerous studies have investigated the application and effectiveness of VR education.However,few studies have focused on the expectations and concerns of teenagers regarding head-mounted displays(HMDs),which are used for this purpose.Methods In this paper,we aim to explore the current problems and necessary advancements required in VR education based on a survey of 163 senior high school students who experience VR educational content for 1h.The usability and comfort of the HMD system,the physical and psychological effects on the students,and their preferences and concerns are investigated.Results The results show that HMDs increase students'interest,concentration,and enthusiasm for learning.However,isolated virtual environments make students feel nervous and afraid.The immersive environment also makes them worry about VR addiction and confusing the physical world with the virtual one.Conclusions VR has great potential in the field of education,but the issue of safety needs to be considered in the future.展开更多
Google Maps and other such maps in GIS have a lot of significance in every one’s life for in modern world due to technological development as well as contemporary needs in travelling, business planning, agriculture, ...Google Maps and other such maps in GIS have a lot of significance in every one’s life for in modern world due to technological development as well as contemporary needs in travelling, business planning, agriculture, e-marketing supply chain management, census and planning and excessive use of mobile phones. Being a revolutionary technology, it attracts the users from its inception. It has been revolutionary in having an impact on one’s daily life by helping one explore geographical locations virtually anywhere on the whole planet. It has become a norm that people use Google Maps before or while commuting to a certain place as most of the people rely on it to provide the shortest or fastest route to a destination. Google Maps has had a profound impact not only one’s personal life, but has opened new avenues of marketing, business intelligence, urban planning, infrastructure strategy development, as well as traffic engineering. Hence, no one can deny the impact it has had on our society in a short period. However, Google Maps has security concerns associated with its use. This is because whenever a user is searching for a geographical location on Google Maps, there is no way to ascertain his/her intention. As result, whatever is requested by the user, it is provided without much security checks or personal specific logging history. Criminal minded people may use the technology to carry out unwarranted and uncalled-for activities such as terror attacks, exploitation of military assets, target killing, trailing a potential victim, kidnapping, demanding ransom money, and compromising national security etc. Numbers of such activities may be carried out using the guidance from “Google Maps” without getting noticed. This is largely due to that anonymous login is allowed into Google Maps. The paper highlights the main security issues that exist in the use of Google Maps and suggests the key areas to improve upon. In this research paper, we discuss the security concerns related to Google Maps utilization and try to identify the associated risks that may be worst in some situations due to that it is significant to assess the usage of this tremendous technology. We categorize the millions of Anonymous Google Maps users into two major categories (Anonymous Good Users and Anonymous Bad Users) based on Google Maps browsing and analyze the associated risks and potential threats and propose the way to minimize them. In future, if Google Maps adopts the proposed techniques and improves upon, then its utilization minimizes security concerns and makes the world much safe place.展开更多
Public emergencies are generally sudden with huge real or potential danger to the whole society.The COVID-19 pandemic is a typical public emergency with a long duration involving a wide range of people,and has extreme...Public emergencies are generally sudden with huge real or potential danger to the whole society.The COVID-19 pandemic is a typical public emergency with a long duration involving a wide range of people,and has extremely bad social impact.The pandemic can be classified into four stages:initial stage,outbreak stage,durative stage and post-pandemic stage.The focus of mass media varied according to the characteristics of different stages.Based on different stages,mass media should change their roles timely and always be aware of the mainstream ideological construction in public opinions to firmly control the direction of public opinion by using the theory and method of communication.展开更多
Recently:a survey of the living standards of Chinese workers and staff has been oompleted.The first data released show that social sta bility and economic development are their mai or concerns.
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Three design principles are prominent in software development-encapsulation, data hiding, and separation of concerns...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Three design principles are prominent in software development-encapsulation, data hiding, and separation of concerns. These principles are used as subjective quality criteria for both procedural and object-oriented applications. The purpose of research is to quantify encapsulation, data hiding, and separation of concerns is quantified using cyclomatic-based metrics. As a result of this research, the derived design metrics, coefficient of encapsulation, coefficient of data hiding, and coefficient of separation of concerns, are defined and applied to production software indicating whether the software has low or high encapsulation, data hiding, and separation of concerns.</span> </div>展开更多
文摘Requirements elicitation step is of paramount importance in the requirements engineering process. In the distributed environment of so-called inter-company cooperative information system, this step is a thorny issue. To elicit require-ments for an inter-company cooperative information system, we early proposed a methodology called MAMIE (from MAcro to MIcro level requirements Elicitation) with an accompanied tool. In MAMIE methodology, requirements are the result of composing functional and non-functional concerns. Before non-functional concerns composition, it’s primary to identify relationships between them. According to the most existing approaches, a non-functional concern may have a negative, positive or null contribution on the other non-functional concerns. In this paper, we argue that using only these three contributions types is not sufficient to express relationships which may exist between non-functional concerns. Thus, we propose a process which aims to identify non-functional concerns’ relationships and model them using a fuzzy cognitive map. The resulting model is composed of non-functional concerns, relationships between them and the weight of these relationships expressed with linguistics fuzzy values. Using fuzzy cognitive maps to model non-functional concerns relationships allows moving from the conventional modelling toward developing a computer based model. An example from the textile industry is used to illustrate the applicability of our process.
文摘Dependable computer based systems employing fault tolerance and robust software development techniques demand additional error detection and recovery related tasks. This results in tangling of core functionality with these cross cutting non-functional concerns. In this regard current work identifies these dependability related non-functional and cross-cutting concerns and proposes design and implementation solutions in an aspect oriented framework that modularizes and separates them from core functionality. The degree of separation has been quantified using software metrics. A Lego NXT Robot based case study has been completed to evaluate the proposed design framework.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372229)。
文摘Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner(Bt)cotton was widely grown in China from 1997.Since then,it has resulted in many misunderstandings and concerns about Bt cotton.However,extensive research and practical experience over the past 28 years in China have led to the resolution of many of these concerns.This short review explores how the concerns has been resolved,and provides valuable insights for the future utilization of genetically modified products.
文摘A method for modeling crosscutting concerns in the concurrent software system is presented based on the aspect-oriented（A-O） technique and the statechart of unified modeling language （UML）. Modeled with UML statechart diagrams, the primary system functions and corresponding traversal features are enveloped into various orthogonal regions of a composite state. The mutual relationships between orthogonal regions are implied by the orders of broadcast events. Using a modular transition system as a basic computational model, the formalization description of A-O statechart models is proposed. The precise semantics of model elements and modeling procedures is given. The example study indicates that the separation strategy of crosscutting concerns is implemented in the design phase of the concurrent software system with this method. Meanwhile, the software modeling method has advantages of loose coupling, adaptability and traceability.
文摘AIM:To describe clinical characteristics of head and neck cancer(HNC)patients with pain and those wishing to discuss pain concerns during consultation.METHODS:Cross-sectional,questionnaire study using University of Washington Quality of Life,version 4(UWQOL)and the Patients Concerns Inventory(PCI)in disease-free,post-treatment HNC cohort.Significant pain on UW-QOL and indicating"Pain in head and neck"and"Pain elsewhere"on PCI.RESULTS:One hundred and seventy-seven patientscompleted UW-QOL and PCI.The prevalence of selfreported pain issues was 38%(67/177)comprising25%(44/177)with significant problems despite medications and 13%(23/177)with lesser or no problems but wishing to discuss pain.Patients aged under 65years and patients having treatment involving radiotherapy were more likely to have pain issues.Just over half,55%(24/44)of patients with significant pain did not express a need to discuss this.Those with significant pain or others wanting to discuss pain in clinic had greater problems in physical and social-emotional functioning,reported suboptimal QOL,and also had more additional PCI items to discuss in clinic compared to those without significant pain and not wishing to discuss pain.CONCLUSION:Significant HNC-related pain is prevalent in the disease-free,posttreatment cohort.Onward referral to a specialist pain team may be beneficial.The UW-QOL and PCI package is a valuable tool that may routinely screen for significant pain in outpatient clinics.
文摘As nanotechnology finds new applications, the formulation and use of nano-particulate structures in the production of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals keeps increasing. Nano-sized materials such as cubosomes, nanodots, liposomes, dendrimers, nano-emulsions are now becoming regular ingredients in the cosmetic space. These nanoparticle-based cosmetics or nano-cosmeceuticals have extended the boundaries of the applications of cosmetics in managing conditions of wrinkling, dehydrated and inelastic skin associated with aging and dispersed hyperpigmentation. With so many claims by giant cosmetic manufacturers on the several possibilities achievable by such products containing these, there remain valid questions needing answers. Such includes: what are the actual facts as opposed to unfounded expectations on use of nano-materials in cosmetics? What are the peculiar properties of Nano-sized structures? Any potential or actual health risks associated with nanoparticle-incorporated cosmetic products? What roles are the regulating authorities and academic researchers playing in the light of all these developments? This review attempts to answer these questions, taking a look at the updates on nano-sized materials used in cosmetics, while presenting actual advances made in nano-cosmetics amidst the seemingly not too obvious hidden risks.
文摘Background It remains unclear that the influence of pre-procedure concerns and anxiety on patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). The present study aimed to evaluate the anxiety-related factors and the effectiveness of Facial Anxiety Scale(FAS)in such settings. Methods We consecutively enrolled 159 patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention between January 2016 and October 2016. The Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory(SAI)and FAS were calculated. Results The mean age was 66 years,and 72%was male. Their anxiety ranged from lower to moderate level(mean SAI=36.44;median FAS=2,ranging from1 to 5). There was a moderate correlation between SAI and FAS(P=0.001),and the sensitivity of FAS was lower(27%),but the specificity was higher(95%). The most concern(37%)was the uncertainty about the outcome of the procedure. The risk factors of higher anxiety included suffering from angina(OR=4.96),and those paying high attention to the postoperative results(OR=4.00). Conclusions Many patients have moderate anxiety before percutaneous coronary intervention. Therefore,the conventional assessment and management methods for anxiety disorders(SAI and FAS)should be commonly used.
文摘When COVID-19 pandemic hit China,Chinese clinical psychologists,counselors and other practitioners reacted quickly to provide psychological interventions for different target groups.Different professional ethical concerns and potential transgressions arose during different stages of pandemic.This paper aimed to summarize different ethical concerns and transgressions during different stages of pandemic in China,as well as how the professional ethical workgroup in the registration system of clinical psychologists and professional organizations of Chinese Psychological Society(CPS)to publish a series of documents as recommendations on ethical practice.It is hoped by providing a picture of“problems vs.solutions”in terms of professional ethical issues on psychological interventions for COVID-19 pandemic in China,the paper may provide certain inspirations as well as emotional support to clinical practitioners from other countries and regions who have beenfighting the pandemic.
文摘This paper investigates the role of trust, privacy concerns, and data governance on managers’ intention to use big data systems. In literature, trusting beliefs, such as functionality, helpfulness, and reliability were found to be antecedent of trust in technological artifacts. Notice, access, choice, and security principles were found to be crucial in eliminating privacy concerns. On the other hand, this paper focuses on data storage and data collection which have been significant criterion for managers in evaluating companies’ data governance policies. A model depicting the relationships amongst all these factors and their relation to users’ intention to adopt big data systems and a scale was proposed in the paper.
基金supported by grants from the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China (81570587 and 81700557)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Projection on Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology (2013A061401007 and 2017B030314018)+3 种基金Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Funds for Major Basic Science Culture Project (2015A030308010)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (201704020150)the Natural Science Foundations of Guangdong province (2016A030310141 and 2020A1515010091)Young Teachers Training Project of Sun Yat-sen University (K0401068) and the Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Strategy (pdjh2022b0010 and pdjh2023a0002)。
文摘Background: Primary non-function(PNF) and early allograft failure(EAF) after liver transplantation(LT) seriously affect patient outcomes. In clinical practice, effective prognostic tools for early identifying recipients at high risk of PNF and EAF were urgently needed. Recently, the Model for Early Allograft Function(MEAF), PNF score by King's College(King-PNF) and Balance-and-Risk-Lactate(BAR-Lac) score were developed to assess the risks of PNF and EAF. This study aimed to externally validate and compare the prognostic performance of these three scores for predicting PNF and EAF. Methods: A retrospective study included 720 patients with primary LT between January 2015 and December 2020. MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac scores were compared using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) and the net reclassification improvement(NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement(IDI) analyses. Results: Of all 720 patients, 28(3.9%) developed PNF and 67(9.3%) developed EAF in 3 months. The overall early allograft dysfunction(EAD) rate was 39.0%. The 3-month patient mortality was 8.6% while 1-year graft-failure-free survival was 89.2%. The median MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac scores were 5.0(3.5–6.3),-2.1(-2.6 to-1.2), and 5.0(2.0–11.0), respectively. For predicting PNF, MEAF and King-PNF scores had excellent area under curves(AUCs) of 0.872 and 0.891, superior to BAR-Lac(AUC = 0.830). The NRI and IDI analyses confirmed that King-PNF score had the best performance in predicting PNF while MEAF served as a better predictor of EAD. The EAF risk curve and 1-year graft-failure-free survival curve showed that King-PNF was superior to MEAF and BAR-Lac scores for stratifying the risk of EAF. Conclusions: MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac were validated as practical and effective risk assessment tools of PNF. King-PNF score outperformed MEAF and BAR-Lac in predicting PNF and EAF within 6 months. BAR-Lac score had a huge advantage in the prediction for PNF without post-transplant variables. Proper use of these scores will help early identify PNF, standardize grading of EAF and reasonably select clinical endpoints in relative studies.
文摘Background and Purpose: Researchers’ incomplete perception of the concerns about childbearing decision making process is revealed in discussions about policies and programs that are designed to influence fertility. Perceiving the concerns of women is essential to explain process of decision making for childbearing. This study aimed to understand women’s main concerns about childbearing decision making. Methods: This qualitative study was performed by conventional content analysis approach. The participants included 22 married women in Tehran who were pregnant for the first time or were using contraceptive methods. Purposeful sampling began and continued up to data saturation. To collect data, the unstructured in-depth interviews were used. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis by Lundman and Graneheim method. Findings: Four categories were obtained from data including “fear”, “uncertainty”, “hope” and “financial security”. The main category or theme was “concerns about one’s own future or securing child’s future” that was extracted as the main concern of women about childbearing decision making process. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that concerns about one’s own future or securing child’s future are the main concerns of women about childbearing decision making. Deep understanding of women’s concerns about childbearing will help midwives and other service providers to provide services, strategies and more sensitive and appropriate interventions.
文摘Since 2014, the development of the China-India relationship has followed a trend of starting high and ending low. The China-India relationship warmed up rapidly in the first two years, which nevertheless failed to bring about a substantial breakthrough in their bilateral relations, as India's strategic doubts about China and their differences of interests on numerous issues still pose difficulties.
文摘Controversy exists whether or not patient’s concerns regarding anesthetics can be reduced by face-to-face pre-assessment with an anesthetist. Thus we were looking at concerns patients had before and after such a consultation. Patient satisfaction was rated by a validated questionnaire. A four-staged Likert-scale was used to quantify the extent of patients concerns. The totaling 461 patients were overall highly satisfied. 448 patients had “nil” to “minimal” concerns. After the assessment, 106 patients stated their concerns had been lessened (p 0.001). Having gone through the anesthetic pre-assessment center, 99.1% of all patients reported no considerable concerns regarding anesthetics whatsoever. A high level of patient satisfaction does not constitute a low level of concerns patients may hold over anesthetics, although a pre-operative consultation mitigated these concerns by 23%, whilst for 9% of all patients this pre-assessment led to a higher level of concerns.
文摘The aim was to investigate effects of different groups of individuals (residents, tourists, experts, decision makers and members of tourist industry) and demographic variables (gender, age, education) on climate change-related concerns, beliefs and emotions. In line with the predictions: 1) Experts were shown to be least concerned for and afraid of climate change impact;2) Youngest participants were found to be most, and oldest least, concerned for their future;3) Women were shown to be more concerned for and afraid of the consequences of climate change;and 4) Men and the least educated participants believed their jobs to be more threatened by the environmental laws and protection, and the latter ones believed moreover that the claims about climate change are exaggerated. Implications of these findings for value orientations and their relationships to environmental concerns, beliefs and emotions are discussed.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1005002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61661146002)111 Project(B18005).
文摘Background Virtual reality(VR)has become a powerful and promising tool for education,and numerous studies have investigated the application and effectiveness of VR education.However,few studies have focused on the expectations and concerns of teenagers regarding head-mounted displays(HMDs),which are used for this purpose.Methods In this paper,we aim to explore the current problems and necessary advancements required in VR education based on a survey of 163 senior high school students who experience VR educational content for 1h.The usability and comfort of the HMD system,the physical and psychological effects on the students,and their preferences and concerns are investigated.Results The results show that HMDs increase students'interest,concentration,and enthusiasm for learning.However,isolated virtual environments make students feel nervous and afraid.The immersive environment also makes them worry about VR addiction and confusing the physical world with the virtual one.Conclusions VR has great potential in the field of education,but the issue of safety needs to be considered in the future.
文摘Google Maps and other such maps in GIS have a lot of significance in every one’s life for in modern world due to technological development as well as contemporary needs in travelling, business planning, agriculture, e-marketing supply chain management, census and planning and excessive use of mobile phones. Being a revolutionary technology, it attracts the users from its inception. It has been revolutionary in having an impact on one’s daily life by helping one explore geographical locations virtually anywhere on the whole planet. It has become a norm that people use Google Maps before or while commuting to a certain place as most of the people rely on it to provide the shortest or fastest route to a destination. Google Maps has had a profound impact not only one’s personal life, but has opened new avenues of marketing, business intelligence, urban planning, infrastructure strategy development, as well as traffic engineering. Hence, no one can deny the impact it has had on our society in a short period. However, Google Maps has security concerns associated with its use. This is because whenever a user is searching for a geographical location on Google Maps, there is no way to ascertain his/her intention. As result, whatever is requested by the user, it is provided without much security checks or personal specific logging history. Criminal minded people may use the technology to carry out unwarranted and uncalled-for activities such as terror attacks, exploitation of military assets, target killing, trailing a potential victim, kidnapping, demanding ransom money, and compromising national security etc. Numbers of such activities may be carried out using the guidance from “Google Maps” without getting noticed. This is largely due to that anonymous login is allowed into Google Maps. The paper highlights the main security issues that exist in the use of Google Maps and suggests the key areas to improve upon. In this research paper, we discuss the security concerns related to Google Maps utilization and try to identify the associated risks that may be worst in some situations due to that it is significant to assess the usage of this tremendous technology. We categorize the millions of Anonymous Google Maps users into two major categories (Anonymous Good Users and Anonymous Bad Users) based on Google Maps browsing and analyze the associated risks and potential threats and propose the way to minimize them. In future, if Google Maps adopts the proposed techniques and improves upon, then its utilization minimizes security concerns and makes the world much safe place.
基金This paper is a milestone of“Research on Effectively Guiding the Mental Health Education of Special College Students In Jilin University”,a scientific research project planned by Jilin Provincial Education Department(Project No.:JJKH20200590SK).
文摘Public emergencies are generally sudden with huge real or potential danger to the whole society.The COVID-19 pandemic is a typical public emergency with a long duration involving a wide range of people,and has extremely bad social impact.The pandemic can be classified into four stages:initial stage,outbreak stage,durative stage and post-pandemic stage.The focus of mass media varied according to the characteristics of different stages.Based on different stages,mass media should change their roles timely and always be aware of the mainstream ideological construction in public opinions to firmly control the direction of public opinion by using the theory and method of communication.
文摘Recently:a survey of the living standards of Chinese workers and staff has been oompleted.The first data released show that social sta bility and economic development are their mai or concerns.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Three design principles are prominent in software development-encapsulation, data hiding, and separation of concerns. These principles are used as subjective quality criteria for both procedural and object-oriented applications. The purpose of research is to quantify encapsulation, data hiding, and separation of concerns is quantified using cyclomatic-based metrics. As a result of this research, the derived design metrics, coefficient of encapsulation, coefficient of data hiding, and coefficient of separation of concerns, are defined and applied to production software indicating whether the software has low or high encapsulation, data hiding, and separation of concerns.</span> </div>
