This study explores the feasibility of electromagnetic acoustic transducers(EMATs)for ultrasonic rail inspection,focusing on bulk wave generation from the rail head and on defect detection at the central part of the r...This study explores the feasibility of electromagnetic acoustic transducers(EMATs)for ultrasonic rail inspection,focusing on bulk wave generation from the rail head and on defect detection at the central part of the rail foot.As a contactless method,EMATs could overcome some known limitations of conventional ultrasonic techniques,but require further validation.Differ-ent campaigns of experimental tests were performed,evaluating,by means of a probability of detection approach,the response of the technique to several artificial semi-elliptical flaws of increasing size and by considering two sensors characterized by different working frequencies.In contact,static tests allowed to assess the basic feasibility of the inspection technique and showed a linear response to defect size,saturating when defect width exceeded the rail web thickness.Dynamic tests allowed to introduce the effects of lift-off on signal responses.During all tests,the higher-frequency sensor outperformed the lower-frequency one.Finally,full-scale bogie tests on an indoor permanent track installation,comprehensive of defec-tive rails,confirmed the higher flaw detection rates of the higher-frequency sensor,with minimal detection failures despite occasional false alarms.EMATs showed encouraging results for in-motion rail inspection:with further technical development and optimization,this technique could enhance ultrasonic rail inspection by diagnostic trains.展开更多
The sensing capabilities of a soft arm are ofparamount importance to its overall performance as they allow precise control of the soft arm and enhance its interactionwith the surrounding environment. However, the actu...The sensing capabilities of a soft arm are ofparamount importance to its overall performance as they allow precise control of the soft arm and enhance its interactionwith the surrounding environment. However, the actuationand sensing of a soft arm are not typically integrated into amonolithic structure, which would impede the arm’s movement and restrict its performance and application scope. Toaddress this limitation, this study proposes an innovativemethod for the integrated design of actuator structures andsensing. The proposed method combines the art of kirigamiwith soft robotics technology. In the proposed method, sensorsare embedded in the form of kirigami structures into actuatorsusing laser cutting technology, achieving seamless integrationwith a soft arm. Compared to the traditional amanogawakirigami and fractal-cut kirigami structures, the proposedmiddle-cut kirigami (MCK) structure does not buckle duringstretching and exhibits superior tensile performance. Based onthe MCK structure, an advanced interdigitated capacitivesensor with a high degree of linearity, which can significantlyoutperform traditional kirigami sensors, is developed. Theexperimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposedsoft arm design in actual logistics sorting tasks, demonstratingthat it is capable of accurately sorting objects based on sensorsignals. In addition, the results indicate that the developedcontinuum soft arm and its embedded kirigami sensors havegreat potential in the field of logistics automation sorting.This work provides a promising solution for high-precisionclosed-loop feedback control and environmental interaction ofsoft arms.展开更多
Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly diffic...Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly difficult mines and meet the requirements of environmental protection and safety regulations.It promotes the development of a circular economy in mines through the development of lowgrade resources and the resource utilization of waste,and extends the service life of mines.The mass concentration of solid content(abbreviated as“concentration”)is a critical parameter for CPB.However,discrepancies often arise between the on-site measurements and the pre-designed values due to factors such as groundwater inflow and segregation within the goaf,which cannot be evaluated after the solidification of CPB.This paper innovatively provides an in-situ non-destructive approach to identify the real concentration of CPB after curing for certain days using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)technology.Initially,the spectral variation patterns under different concentration conditions were investigated through hyperspectral scanning experiments on CPB samples.The results demonstrate that as the CPB concentration increases from 61wt%to 73wt%,the overall spectral reflectance gradually increases,with two distinct absorption peaks observed at 1407 and 1917 nm.Notably,the reflectance at 1407 nm exhibited a strong linear relationship with the concentration.Subsequently,the K-nearest neighbors(KNN)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were employed to classify and identify different concentrations.The study revealed that,with the KNN algorithm,the highest accuracy was achieved when K(number of nearest neighbors)was 1,although this resulted in overfitting.When K=3,the model displayed the optimal balance between accuracy and stability,with an accuracy of 95.03%.In the SVM algorithm,the highest accuracy of 98.24%was attained with parameters C(regularization parameter)=200 and Gamma(kernel coefficient)=10.A comparative analysis of precision,accuracy,and recall further highlighted that the SVM provided superior stability and precision for identifying CPB concentration.Thus,HSI technology offers an effective solution for the in-situ,non-destructive monitoring of CPB concentration,presenting a promising approach for optimizing and controlling CPB characteristic parameters.展开更多
Petrochemical storage tanks are generally inspected when the tank is offline mostly to assess the extent of underside corrosion on the tank floor. Emptying, cleaning and opening a tank for inspection take many months ...Petrochemical storage tanks are generally inspected when the tank is offline mostly to assess the extent of underside corrosion on the tank floor. Emptying, cleaning and opening a tank for inspection take many months and are very expensive. Inspection costs can be reduced significantly by inserting robots through manholes on the tank roof to pertbrm non-destructive testing （NDT）. The challenge is to develop robots that can operate safely in explosive and hazardous environments and measure the thickness of floor plates using ultrasound sensors. This paper reports on the development of a small and inexpensive prototype robot （NDTBOT） which is designed to be intrinsically safe for zone zero operation. The robot ＂hops＂ across the floor to make measurements, without any external moving parts. The paper describes the design, experimental testing of the NDTBOT and presents results of steel plate thickness measurements made under water.展开更多
This article takes the actual construction project of a certain concrete bridge project as an example to analyze the application of acoustic non-destructive testing technology in its detection.It includes an overview ...This article takes the actual construction project of a certain concrete bridge project as an example to analyze the application of acoustic non-destructive testing technology in its detection.It includes an overview of a certain bridge construction project studied and acoustic non-destructive testing technology and the application of acoustic non-destructive testing technology in actual testing.This analysis hopes to provide some guidelines for acoustic non-destructive testing of modern concrete bridge projects.展开更多
To improve the efficiency and accuracy of path planning for fan inspection tasks in thermal power plants,this paper proposes an intelligent inspection robot path planning scheme based on an improved A^(*)algorithm.The...To improve the efficiency and accuracy of path planning for fan inspection tasks in thermal power plants,this paper proposes an intelligent inspection robot path planning scheme based on an improved A^(*)algorithm.The inspection robot utilizes multiple sensors to monitor key parameters of the fans,such as vibration,noise,and bearing temperature,and upload the data to the monitoring center.The robot’s inspection path employs the improved A^(*)algorithm,incorporating obstacle penalty terms,path reconstruction,and smoothing optimization techniques,thereby achieving optimal path planning for the inspection robot in complex environments.Simulation results demonstrate that the improved A^(*)algorithm significantly outperforms the traditional A^(*)algorithm in terms of total path distance,smoothness,and detour rate,effectively improving the execution efficiency of inspection tasks.展开更多
The China comprehensive inspection train(CIT)is designed for evaluating railway infrastructure to ensure safe railway operations.The CIT integrates an array of inspection devices,capable of simultaneously assessing ra...The China comprehensive inspection train(CIT)is designed for evaluating railway infrastructure to ensure safe railway operations.The CIT integrates an array of inspection devices,capable of simultaneously assessing railway health condition parameters.The CIT450,representing the second generation,can reach a top speed of 450 km/h with inspection on the infrastructure.This paper begins by outlining the global evolution of inspection trains.It then focuses on the critical technologies underlying the CIT450,which include:(1)real-time inspection data acquisition with spatial and temporal synchronization;(2)intelligent fusion and centralized management of multi-source inspection data,enabling remote supervision of the inspection process;(3)technologies in inspecting track,train–track interaction,catenary,signalling systems,and train operating environment;and(4)AI-driven analysis and correlation of inspection data.The future developmental directions for comprehensive inspection trains are discussed finally.The CIT450’s approach to real-time railway health monitoring can enrich traditional inspection means,operational,and maintenance methods by enhancing inspection efficiency and automating railway maintenance.展开更多
The performance and price of copper-based micro linear products are determined by the diameter uniformity.How to accurately detect the wire diameter of long-length copper based micro linear products without cutting or...The performance and price of copper-based micro linear products are determined by the diameter uniformity.How to accurately detect the wire diameter of long-length copper based micro linear products without cutting or damage has always been a technical concern for production enterprises.Herein,a novel approach was developed for nondestructive detection of the average diameter at any given segment of a long copper wire by assessing the adsorption capacity of arginine on its surface.The amount of adsorbent on the surface of the copper wire exhibits a positive correlation with the area,which can be detected by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(EESI-MS)after online elution with ammonia.The experimental results demonstrated that the analysis can be completed within 15 min,with a good linear relationship between copper wires with different diameters and the adsorption capacity of arginine.The linear correlation coefficient R2was 0.995,the relative standard deviation was 1.10%-2.81%,and the detection limit reached 2.5μm(length of segment=4 cm),showing potential applications for facile measurement of the average diameter of various metal wires.展开更多
Purpose–This paper aims to systematically review the evolution of inspection technologies and equipment for heavy-haul railway infrastructure,with a focus on China’s Shuohuang Railway and Daqin Railway.It summarizes...Purpose–This paper aims to systematically review the evolution of inspection technologies and equipment for heavy-haul railway infrastructure,with a focus on China’s Shuohuang Railway and Daqin Railway.It summarizes the technological progression from traditional manual inspections to integrated and intelligent inspection systems,analyzes their practical application outcomes and outlines future research directions to support the safe,efficient and sustainable operation of heavy-haul railways.Design/methodology/approach–The study employs a combination of historical and empirical analysis,primarily drawing on academic literature and operational data from Shuohuang Railway.The development of inspection technologies is categorized into two distinct phases:traditional inspection and integrated inspection.The comprehensive effectiveness of these technologies is evaluated based on actual inspection efficiency,defect detection capability,cost savings and other relevant data.Findings–The adoption of integrated inspection vehicles has significantly improved inspection efficiency and accuracy.In 2014,the world’s first heavy-haul integrated inspection vehicle enabled synchronous multidisciplinary inspections,greatly reducing reliance on manual labor.By 2024,the intelligent heavy-haul integrated inspection vehicle further enhanced detection precision by 30%.Practical applications demonstrate that the annual number of track defects decreased from 25,000 to 3,800,while the track quality index(TQI)remained stable below 6 mm.Additionally,annual maintenance costs were reduced by more than 40 m yuan.Originality/value–This paper provides the first systematic review of the development of inspection technologies for heavy-haul railway infrastructure,highlighting China’s leading achievements in integrated and intelligent inspection.It clarifies the practical value of these technologies in enhancing safety,reducing costs and optimizing maintenance operations.Furthermore,it proposes future directions for development,including system integration,onboard computing capabilities and unmanned operations,offering valuable insights for technological innovation and policymaking in the field.展开更多
During the storage of composite propellants, the migration of plasticizers and other unbonded additives at the interfaces of liner adhesives has garnered significant attention in understanding liner failure mechanisms...During the storage of composite propellants, the migration of plasticizers and other unbonded additives at the interfaces of liner adhesives has garnered significant attention in understanding liner failure mechanisms, aging processes, and safety performance. However, there is currently no non-destructive and quantitative detection method for migration of plasticizers in propellant liner. In this study, we developed a HTPB sensing liner by incorporating conductive fillers-namely carbon black(CB), carbon nanotubes(CNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)-into the HTPB matrix. The synergistic interaction between CNTs and GNP facilitates the formation of a tunneling conductive network that imparts electrical conductivity to the HTPB liner. To elucidate the functional relationship between conductivity and nitroglycerin(NG) migration, we applied the HTPB sensing liner onto double base propellant surfaces and measured both the conductivity of the sensing layer and NG migration during a 71°C accelerated aging experiment. The results shows that when CNTs/GNP content reaches 3wt%, there is an exponential correlation between conductivity and NG migration with a fitting degree of 0.9652;the average response sensitivity of ΔR/R0 relative to NG migration is calculated as 41.69, with an average deviation of merely5.67% between NG migrations derived from conductivity fittings compared to those obtained via TGA testing results. Overall, this sensing liner exhibits excellent capabilities for detecting NG migration nondestructively and quantitatively while offering a novel approach for assessing interfacial component migrations as well as debonding defects in propellants-a promising avenue for future self-monitoring strategies regarding propellant integrity.展开更多
In a high-voltage environment of 40kV where no one is working,inspection robots must have an automatic charging system to ensure continuous operation.Currently,inspection robots operating in such high-voltage environm...In a high-voltage environment of 40kV where no one is working,inspection robots must have an automatic charging system to ensure continuous operation.Currently,inspection robots operating in such high-voltage environments mostly use side-by-side alignment for docking.Given the existence of magnetic track navigation errors in robots,this docking method often fails to achieve successful docking.In response to this situation,this paper designs a new docking module.展开更多
This paper introduces the relevant content of construction quality inspection standards for office buildings,including their differences and special requirements of general buildings.It elaborates on the application o...This paper introduces the relevant content of construction quality inspection standards for office buildings,including their differences and special requirements of general buildings.It elaborates on the application of BIM technology and the PDCA cycle model in each stage of construction,emphasizes the importance of technical management system construction,and also discusses the influence and optimization path of prefabricated buildings and LEED certification on the standards.展开更多
This paper comprehensively explores the impulsive on-orbit inspection game problem utilizing reinforcement learning and game training methods.The purpose of the spacecraft is to inspect the entire surface of a non-coo...This paper comprehensively explores the impulsive on-orbit inspection game problem utilizing reinforcement learning and game training methods.The purpose of the spacecraft is to inspect the entire surface of a non-cooperative target with active maneuverability in front lighting.First,the impulsive orbital game problem is formulated as a turn-based sequential game problem.Second,several typical relative orbit transfers are encapsulated into modules to construct a parameterized action space containing discrete modules and continuous parameters,and multi-pass deep Q-networks(MPDQN)algorithm is used to implement autonomous decision-making.Then,a curriculum learning method is used to gradually increase the difficulty of the training scenario.The backtracking proportional self-play training framework is used to enhance the agent’s ability to defeat inconsistent strategies by building a pool of opponents.The behavior variations of the agents during training indicate that the intelligent game system gradually evolves towards an equilibrium situation.The restraint relations between the agents show that the agents steadily improve the strategy.The influence of various factors on game results is tested.展开更多
To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational par...To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational parameters of key equipment in real-time.The collected data is uploaded to the monitoring center,allowing operation and maintenance personnel to access equipment information promptly.Data analysis is used to provide fault warning and diagnosis for critical equipment.The system employs the Pure Pursuit algorithm,which effectively avoids obstacles and ensures path continuity and stability.Simulation results show that the Pure Pursuit algorithm significantly improves the navigation accuracy and task efficiency of the inspection robot,ensuring the reliability of thermal power plant inspections.展开更多
The growing importance of maintaining and extending the functional lifespan of reinforced concrete structures has resulted in an increased emphasis on non-destructive testing techniques as essential tools for evaluati...The growing importance of maintaining and extending the functional lifespan of reinforced concrete structures has resulted in an increased emphasis on non-destructive testing techniques as essential tools for evaluating structural conditions.Non-destructive testing procedures offer a notable benefit in assessing the uniformity,homogeneity,ability to withstand compression,durability,and degree of corrosion in reinforcing bars within reinforced concrete structures.This study aimed to evaluate the existing condition of partially constructed residential buildings in Rewari district,located in the state of Haryana.The reinforced concrete structure of the building had been completed eight years ago,however,the project was abruptly stopped.Prior to recommencing the construction,it is important to assess the present state of the structure in order to evaluate the deterioration in Reinforced Cement Concrete(RCC).The building’s state was evaluated by visually inspecting the building,conducting on-site examinations,and analyzing samples in a laboratory.The findings emphasize the assessment of the robustness and durability of concrete to ascertain the degree of deterioration and degradation in the structure.The study incorporates visual inspection,and non-destructive evaluation utilizing different instruments to evaluate the corrosion condition of reinforcing bars.In addition,selected RCC columns,beams,and slabs undergo chemical testing.It has been observed that the strength results and chemical results were within permissible limits.展开更多
Inspection is a fundamental task for water plants,yet traditional methods are often labor-intensive,time-consuming,and costly.The rapid advancement of drone technology has significantly transformed environmental inspe...Inspection is a fundamental task for water plants,yet traditional methods are often labor-intensive,time-consuming,and costly.The rapid advancement of drone technology has significantly transformed environmental inspections,particularly in water plant assessments.Digital twins enhance modeling and simulation capabilities by integrating real-time data and feedback.This paper presents an intelligent water plant detection system based on YOLOv10 and drone technology.The system aims to monitor environmental conditions around water facilities and automatically identify anomalies in real time.The design utilizes dataset images of construction vehicles,maintenance hole covers,and pipe leaks collected from publicly accessible websites.The system integrates real-time drone inspection data into a digital twin platform for dynamic monitoring.展开更多
Sewer pipe condition assessment by performing regular inspections is crucial for ensuring the systems’effective operation and maintenance.CCTV(closed-circuit television)is widely employed in North America to examine ...Sewer pipe condition assessment by performing regular inspections is crucial for ensuring the systems’effective operation and maintenance.CCTV(closed-circuit television)is widely employed in North America to examine the internal conditions of sewage pipes.Due to the extensive inventory of pipes and associated costs,it is not practical for municipalities to conduct inspections on each sanitary sewage pipe section.According to the ASCE(American Society of Civil Engineers)infrastructure report published in 2021,combined investment needs for water and wastewater systems are estimated to be$150 billion during 2016-2025.Therefore,new solutions are needed to fill the trillion-dollar investment gap to improve the existing water and wastewater infrastructure for the coming years.ML(machine learning)based prediction model development is an effective method for predicting the condition of sewer pipes.In this research,sewer pipe inspection data from several municipalities are collected,which include variables such as pipe material,age,diameter,length,soil type,slope of construction,and PACP(Pipeline Assessment Certification Program)score.These sewer pipe data exhibit a severe imbalance in pipes’PACP scores,which is considered the target variable in the development of models.Due to this imbalanced dataset,the performance of the sewer prediction model is poor.This paper,therefore,aims to employ oversampling and hyperparameter tuning techniques to treat the imbalanced data and improve the model’s performance significantly.Utility owners and municipal asset managers can utilize the developed models to make more informed decisions on future inspections of sewer pipelines.展开更多
In this modern era,with the rise of“Internet+education”,colleges and universities have actively responded by using information technology to improve teaching models,introducing platforms such as Chaoxing Learning Pa...In this modern era,with the rise of“Internet+education”,colleges and universities have actively responded by using information technology to improve teaching models,introducing platforms such as Chaoxing Learning Pass,Rain Classroom,and MOOCs to carry out online teaching.A new online teaching model for the“Parasite Inspection”course from the perspective of digital education has been initially explored,which has improved the teaching quality of the course.Based on this,this paper will outline the“Parasite Inspection”course from the perspective of digital education and its current teaching situation,and discuss the promotion strategies for the online teaching reform of the“Parasite Inspection”course under the perspective of digital education.展开更多
The quality of rebar welds directly impacts the overall service performance of highway infrastructure.However,current assessments of weld appearance quality primarily rely on traditional inspection methods such as man...The quality of rebar welds directly impacts the overall service performance of highway infrastructure.However,current assessments of weld appearance quality primarily rely on traditional inspection methods such as manual visual inspection,which suffer from significant limitations in accuracy,reliability,and efficiency.Given the increasing demand for safety performance inspections of highway infrastructure in China,traditional methods struggle to meet modern rapid inspection requirements.Therefore,this study proposes the design of a portable,non-destructive inspection device for rebar weld appearance,utilizing visible light vision and line-structured light 3D scanning technology.The device is equipped with an STM32 master control chip to manage encoder reading,scanning laser control,ring fill light,industrial camera synchronization,image acquisition,and serial port command transmission.Additionally,a weld image processing and detection software system was developed to receive,store,and identify weld defects.A field inspection prototype was created and subjected to various defect weld detection experiments in a laboratory setting.Experimental results demonstrate that the device can accurately measure weld parameters by acquiring multimodal images,fulfilling defect detection requirements.The device features high detection accuracy,portability,and user-friendliness,making it significant for the objective inspection and evaluation of rebar weld appearance and welding quality.展开更多
Metal foils have emerged as one of the promising materials for anode-free batteries due to their high energy density and scalability in production.The unclear lithium plating/stripping kinetics of metal foil current c...Metal foils have emerged as one of the promising materials for anode-free batteries due to their high energy density and scalability in production.The unclear lithium plating/stripping kinetics of metal foil current collectors in anode-free batteries was addressed by using the non-destructive distribution of relaxation times(DRT)analysis to systematically investigate the lithium transport behavior of 14 metal foils and its correlation with electrochemical performance.By integrating energy-dispersive spectro scopy(EDS),cyclic voltammetry(CV),and galvanostatic testing,the exceptional properties of indium(In),tin(Sn),and silver(Ag)were revealed:the Li-In alloying reaction exhibits high reversibility,Li-Sn alloys demonstrate outstanding cycling stability,and the Li-Ag solid-solution mechanism provides an ideal lithium deposition interface on the silver substrate.The DRT separates the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions passing through the SEI layer(R_(sei),τ2)and the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions undergoing charge transfer reaction at the electrolyte/electrode interface(R_(ct),τ3)by decoupling the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).For the first time,the correlation betweenτ2,τ3,and the cycle life/Coulombic efficiency of alloy/solid-solution metals was established,while non-alloy metals are not suitable for this method due to differences in lithium deposition mechanisms.This study not only illuminates the structure-property relationship governing the lithium kinetics of metal foil electrodes but also provides a novel non-destructive analytical strategy and theoretical guidance for the rational design of stable anodes in high-energy-density batteries,facilitating the efficient screening and optimization of anode-free battery.展开更多
基金funded in the frame of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) Trasporti, established at Fondazione Politecnico di Milano, through contract C40/2019 “JRC Trasporti-Metodologie per l’ispezione delle rotaie nei riguardi della formazione di cricche”
文摘This study explores the feasibility of electromagnetic acoustic transducers(EMATs)for ultrasonic rail inspection,focusing on bulk wave generation from the rail head and on defect detection at the central part of the rail foot.As a contactless method,EMATs could overcome some known limitations of conventional ultrasonic techniques,but require further validation.Differ-ent campaigns of experimental tests were performed,evaluating,by means of a probability of detection approach,the response of the technique to several artificial semi-elliptical flaws of increasing size and by considering two sensors characterized by different working frequencies.In contact,static tests allowed to assess the basic feasibility of the inspection technique and showed a linear response to defect size,saturating when defect width exceeded the rail web thickness.Dynamic tests allowed to introduce the effects of lift-off on signal responses.During all tests,the higher-frequency sensor outperformed the lower-frequency one.Finally,full-scale bogie tests on an indoor permanent track installation,comprehensive of defec-tive rails,confirmed the higher flaw detection rates of the higher-frequency sensor,with minimal detection failures despite occasional false alarms.EMATs showed encouraging results for in-motion rail inspection:with further technical development and optimization,this technique could enhance ultrasonic rail inspection by diagnostic trains.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (51705098)。
文摘The sensing capabilities of a soft arm are ofparamount importance to its overall performance as they allow precise control of the soft arm and enhance its interactionwith the surrounding environment. However, the actuationand sensing of a soft arm are not typically integrated into amonolithic structure, which would impede the arm’s movement and restrict its performance and application scope. Toaddress this limitation, this study proposes an innovativemethod for the integrated design of actuator structures andsensing. The proposed method combines the art of kirigamiwith soft robotics technology. In the proposed method, sensorsare embedded in the form of kirigami structures into actuatorsusing laser cutting technology, achieving seamless integrationwith a soft arm. Compared to the traditional amanogawakirigami and fractal-cut kirigami structures, the proposedmiddle-cut kirigami (MCK) structure does not buckle duringstretching and exhibits superior tensile performance. Based onthe MCK structure, an advanced interdigitated capacitivesensor with a high degree of linearity, which can significantlyoutperform traditional kirigami sensors, is developed. Theexperimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposedsoft arm design in actual logistics sorting tasks, demonstratingthat it is capable of accurately sorting objects based on sensorsignals. In addition, the results indicate that the developedcontinuum soft arm and its embedded kirigami sensors havegreat potential in the field of logistics automation sorting.This work provides a promising solution for high-precisionclosed-loop feedback control and environmental interaction ofsoft arms.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52474165 and 52522404)。
文摘Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly difficult mines and meet the requirements of environmental protection and safety regulations.It promotes the development of a circular economy in mines through the development of lowgrade resources and the resource utilization of waste,and extends the service life of mines.The mass concentration of solid content(abbreviated as“concentration”)is a critical parameter for CPB.However,discrepancies often arise between the on-site measurements and the pre-designed values due to factors such as groundwater inflow and segregation within the goaf,which cannot be evaluated after the solidification of CPB.This paper innovatively provides an in-situ non-destructive approach to identify the real concentration of CPB after curing for certain days using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)technology.Initially,the spectral variation patterns under different concentration conditions were investigated through hyperspectral scanning experiments on CPB samples.The results demonstrate that as the CPB concentration increases from 61wt%to 73wt%,the overall spectral reflectance gradually increases,with two distinct absorption peaks observed at 1407 and 1917 nm.Notably,the reflectance at 1407 nm exhibited a strong linear relationship with the concentration.Subsequently,the K-nearest neighbors(KNN)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were employed to classify and identify different concentrations.The study revealed that,with the KNN algorithm,the highest accuracy was achieved when K(number of nearest neighbors)was 1,although this resulted in overfitting.When K=3,the model displayed the optimal balance between accuracy and stability,with an accuracy of 95.03%.In the SVM algorithm,the highest accuracy of 98.24%was attained with parameters C(regularization parameter)=200 and Gamma(kernel coefficient)=10.A comparative analysis of precision,accuracy,and recall further highlighted that the SVM provided superior stability and precision for identifying CPB concentration.Thus,HSI technology offers an effective solution for the in-situ,non-destructive monitoring of CPB concentration,presenting a promising approach for optimizing and controlling CPB characteristic parameters.
文摘Petrochemical storage tanks are generally inspected when the tank is offline mostly to assess the extent of underside corrosion on the tank floor. Emptying, cleaning and opening a tank for inspection take many months and are very expensive. Inspection costs can be reduced significantly by inserting robots through manholes on the tank roof to pertbrm non-destructive testing （NDT）. The challenge is to develop robots that can operate safely in explosive and hazardous environments and measure the thickness of floor plates using ultrasound sensors. This paper reports on the development of a small and inexpensive prototype robot （NDTBOT） which is designed to be intrinsically safe for zone zero operation. The robot ＂hops＂ across the floor to make measurements, without any external moving parts. The paper describes the design, experimental testing of the NDTBOT and presents results of steel plate thickness measurements made under water.
文摘This article takes the actual construction project of a certain concrete bridge project as an example to analyze the application of acoustic non-destructive testing technology in its detection.It includes an overview of a certain bridge construction project studied and acoustic non-destructive testing technology and the application of acoustic non-destructive testing technology in actual testing.This analysis hopes to provide some guidelines for acoustic non-destructive testing of modern concrete bridge projects.
文摘To improve the efficiency and accuracy of path planning for fan inspection tasks in thermal power plants,this paper proposes an intelligent inspection robot path planning scheme based on an improved A^(*)algorithm.The inspection robot utilizes multiple sensors to monitor key parameters of the fans,such as vibration,noise,and bearing temperature,and upload the data to the monitoring center.The robot’s inspection path employs the improved A^(*)algorithm,incorporating obstacle penalty terms,path reconstruction,and smoothing optimization techniques,thereby achieving optimal path planning for the inspection robot in complex environments.Simulation results demonstrate that the improved A^(*)algorithm significantly outperforms the traditional A^(*)algorithm in terms of total path distance,smoothness,and detour rate,effectively improving the execution efficiency of inspection tasks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272427)the Technology Research and Development Program of China National Railway Group(Grant No.K2021T015)Development Plan of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd.(Grant No.2022YJ256)。
文摘The China comprehensive inspection train(CIT)is designed for evaluating railway infrastructure to ensure safe railway operations.The CIT integrates an array of inspection devices,capable of simultaneously assessing railway health condition parameters.The CIT450,representing the second generation,can reach a top speed of 450 km/h with inspection on the infrastructure.This paper begins by outlining the global evolution of inspection trains.It then focuses on the critical technologies underlying the CIT450,which include:(1)real-time inspection data acquisition with spatial and temporal synchronization;(2)intelligent fusion and centralized management of multi-source inspection data,enabling remote supervision of the inspection process;(3)technologies in inspecting track,train–track interaction,catenary,signalling systems,and train operating environment;and(4)AI-driven analysis and correlation of inspection data.The future developmental directions for comprehensive inspection trains are discussed finally.The CIT450’s approach to real-time railway health monitoring can enrich traditional inspection means,operational,and maintenance methods by enhancing inspection efficiency and automating railway maintenance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22422402)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0705300)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20232BBG70004)。
文摘The performance and price of copper-based micro linear products are determined by the diameter uniformity.How to accurately detect the wire diameter of long-length copper based micro linear products without cutting or damage has always been a technical concern for production enterprises.Herein,a novel approach was developed for nondestructive detection of the average diameter at any given segment of a long copper wire by assessing the adsorption capacity of arginine on its surface.The amount of adsorbent on the surface of the copper wire exhibits a positive correlation with the area,which can be detected by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(EESI-MS)after online elution with ammonia.The experimental results demonstrated that the analysis can be completed within 15 min,with a good linear relationship between copper wires with different diameters and the adsorption capacity of arginine.The linear correlation coefficient R2was 0.995,the relative standard deviation was 1.10%-2.81%,and the detection limit reached 2.5μm(length of segment=4 cm),showing potential applications for facile measurement of the average diameter of various metal wires.
基金supported by 2020 Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shuo-Huang Railway Development Company(SHTL-20-12).
文摘Purpose–This paper aims to systematically review the evolution of inspection technologies and equipment for heavy-haul railway infrastructure,with a focus on China’s Shuohuang Railway and Daqin Railway.It summarizes the technological progression from traditional manual inspections to integrated and intelligent inspection systems,analyzes their practical application outcomes and outlines future research directions to support the safe,efficient and sustainable operation of heavy-haul railways.Design/methodology/approach–The study employs a combination of historical and empirical analysis,primarily drawing on academic literature and operational data from Shuohuang Railway.The development of inspection technologies is categorized into two distinct phases:traditional inspection and integrated inspection.The comprehensive effectiveness of these technologies is evaluated based on actual inspection efficiency,defect detection capability,cost savings and other relevant data.Findings–The adoption of integrated inspection vehicles has significantly improved inspection efficiency and accuracy.In 2014,the world’s first heavy-haul integrated inspection vehicle enabled synchronous multidisciplinary inspections,greatly reducing reliance on manual labor.By 2024,the intelligent heavy-haul integrated inspection vehicle further enhanced detection precision by 30%.Practical applications demonstrate that the annual number of track defects decreased from 25,000 to 3,800,while the track quality index(TQI)remained stable below 6 mm.Additionally,annual maintenance costs were reduced by more than 40 m yuan.Originality/value–This paper provides the first systematic review of the development of inspection technologies for heavy-haul railway infrastructure,highlighting China’s leading achievements in integrated and intelligent inspection.It clarifies the practical value of these technologies in enhancing safety,reducing costs and optimizing maintenance operations.Furthermore,it proposes future directions for development,including system integration,onboard computing capabilities and unmanned operations,offering valuable insights for technological innovation and policymaking in the field.
基金funded by Zhijian Laboratory Open Fund,Rocket Force University of Engineering(Grant No.2023-ZJSYS-KF01-03).
文摘During the storage of composite propellants, the migration of plasticizers and other unbonded additives at the interfaces of liner adhesives has garnered significant attention in understanding liner failure mechanisms, aging processes, and safety performance. However, there is currently no non-destructive and quantitative detection method for migration of plasticizers in propellant liner. In this study, we developed a HTPB sensing liner by incorporating conductive fillers-namely carbon black(CB), carbon nanotubes(CNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)-into the HTPB matrix. The synergistic interaction between CNTs and GNP facilitates the formation of a tunneling conductive network that imparts electrical conductivity to the HTPB liner. To elucidate the functional relationship between conductivity and nitroglycerin(NG) migration, we applied the HTPB sensing liner onto double base propellant surfaces and measured both the conductivity of the sensing layer and NG migration during a 71°C accelerated aging experiment. The results shows that when CNTs/GNP content reaches 3wt%, there is an exponential correlation between conductivity and NG migration with a fitting degree of 0.9652;the average response sensitivity of ΔR/R0 relative to NG migration is calculated as 41.69, with an average deviation of merely5.67% between NG migrations derived from conductivity fittings compared to those obtained via TGA testing results. Overall, this sensing liner exhibits excellent capabilities for detecting NG migration nondestructively and quantitatively while offering a novel approach for assessing interfacial component migrations as well as debonding defects in propellants-a promising avenue for future self-monitoring strategies regarding propellant integrity.
文摘In a high-voltage environment of 40kV where no one is working,inspection robots must have an automatic charging system to ensure continuous operation.Currently,inspection robots operating in such high-voltage environments mostly use side-by-side alignment for docking.Given the existence of magnetic track navigation errors in robots,this docking method often fails to achieve successful docking.In response to this situation,this paper designs a new docking module.
文摘This paper introduces the relevant content of construction quality inspection standards for office buildings,including their differences and special requirements of general buildings.It elaborates on the application of BIM technology and the PDCA cycle model in each stage of construction,emphasizes the importance of technical management system construction,and also discusses the influence and optimization path of prefabricated buildings and LEED certification on the standards.
文摘This paper comprehensively explores the impulsive on-orbit inspection game problem utilizing reinforcement learning and game training methods.The purpose of the spacecraft is to inspect the entire surface of a non-cooperative target with active maneuverability in front lighting.First,the impulsive orbital game problem is formulated as a turn-based sequential game problem.Second,several typical relative orbit transfers are encapsulated into modules to construct a parameterized action space containing discrete modules and continuous parameters,and multi-pass deep Q-networks(MPDQN)algorithm is used to implement autonomous decision-making.Then,a curriculum learning method is used to gradually increase the difficulty of the training scenario.The backtracking proportional self-play training framework is used to enhance the agent’s ability to defeat inconsistent strategies by building a pool of opponents.The behavior variations of the agents during training indicate that the intelligent game system gradually evolves towards an equilibrium situation.The restraint relations between the agents show that the agents steadily improve the strategy.The influence of various factors on game results is tested.
文摘To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational parameters of key equipment in real-time.The collected data is uploaded to the monitoring center,allowing operation and maintenance personnel to access equipment information promptly.Data analysis is used to provide fault warning and diagnosis for critical equipment.The system employs the Pure Pursuit algorithm,which effectively avoids obstacles and ensures path continuity and stability.Simulation results show that the Pure Pursuit algorithm significantly improves the navigation accuracy and task efficiency of the inspection robot,ensuring the reliability of thermal power plant inspections.
文摘The growing importance of maintaining and extending the functional lifespan of reinforced concrete structures has resulted in an increased emphasis on non-destructive testing techniques as essential tools for evaluating structural conditions.Non-destructive testing procedures offer a notable benefit in assessing the uniformity,homogeneity,ability to withstand compression,durability,and degree of corrosion in reinforcing bars within reinforced concrete structures.This study aimed to evaluate the existing condition of partially constructed residential buildings in Rewari district,located in the state of Haryana.The reinforced concrete structure of the building had been completed eight years ago,however,the project was abruptly stopped.Prior to recommencing the construction,it is important to assess the present state of the structure in order to evaluate the deterioration in Reinforced Cement Concrete(RCC).The building’s state was evaluated by visually inspecting the building,conducting on-site examinations,and analyzing samples in a laboratory.The findings emphasize the assessment of the robustness and durability of concrete to ascertain the degree of deterioration and degradation in the structure.The study incorporates visual inspection,and non-destructive evaluation utilizing different instruments to evaluate the corrosion condition of reinforcing bars.In addition,selected RCC columns,beams,and slabs undergo chemical testing.It has been observed that the strength results and chemical results were within permissible limits.
文摘Inspection is a fundamental task for water plants,yet traditional methods are often labor-intensive,time-consuming,and costly.The rapid advancement of drone technology has significantly transformed environmental inspections,particularly in water plant assessments.Digital twins enhance modeling and simulation capabilities by integrating real-time data and feedback.This paper presents an intelligent water plant detection system based on YOLOv10 and drone technology.The system aims to monitor environmental conditions around water facilities and automatically identify anomalies in real time.The design utilizes dataset images of construction vehicles,maintenance hole covers,and pipe leaks collected from publicly accessible websites.The system integrates real-time drone inspection data into a digital twin platform for dynamic monitoring.
文摘Sewer pipe condition assessment by performing regular inspections is crucial for ensuring the systems’effective operation and maintenance.CCTV(closed-circuit television)is widely employed in North America to examine the internal conditions of sewage pipes.Due to the extensive inventory of pipes and associated costs,it is not practical for municipalities to conduct inspections on each sanitary sewage pipe section.According to the ASCE(American Society of Civil Engineers)infrastructure report published in 2021,combined investment needs for water and wastewater systems are estimated to be$150 billion during 2016-2025.Therefore,new solutions are needed to fill the trillion-dollar investment gap to improve the existing water and wastewater infrastructure for the coming years.ML(machine learning)based prediction model development is an effective method for predicting the condition of sewer pipes.In this research,sewer pipe inspection data from several municipalities are collected,which include variables such as pipe material,age,diameter,length,soil type,slope of construction,and PACP(Pipeline Assessment Certification Program)score.These sewer pipe data exhibit a severe imbalance in pipes’PACP scores,which is considered the target variable in the development of models.Due to this imbalanced dataset,the performance of the sewer prediction model is poor.This paper,therefore,aims to employ oversampling and hyperparameter tuning techniques to treat the imbalanced data and improve the model’s performance significantly.Utility owners and municipal asset managers can utilize the developed models to make more informed decisions on future inspections of sewer pipelines.
基金Qilu Medical University School-Level Teaching Reform Research Project(Project No.:XJJY2419)。
文摘In this modern era,with the rise of“Internet+education”,colleges and universities have actively responded by using information technology to improve teaching models,introducing platforms such as Chaoxing Learning Pass,Rain Classroom,and MOOCs to carry out online teaching.A new online teaching model for the“Parasite Inspection”course from the perspective of digital education has been initially explored,which has improved the teaching quality of the course.Based on this,this paper will outline the“Parasite Inspection”course from the perspective of digital education and its current teaching situation,and discuss the promotion strategies for the online teaching reform of the“Parasite Inspection”course under the perspective of digital education.
基金Supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(2023-9062)the Transport Power Pilot Project(2021-C334)。
文摘The quality of rebar welds directly impacts the overall service performance of highway infrastructure.However,current assessments of weld appearance quality primarily rely on traditional inspection methods such as manual visual inspection,which suffer from significant limitations in accuracy,reliability,and efficiency.Given the increasing demand for safety performance inspections of highway infrastructure in China,traditional methods struggle to meet modern rapid inspection requirements.Therefore,this study proposes the design of a portable,non-destructive inspection device for rebar weld appearance,utilizing visible light vision and line-structured light 3D scanning technology.The device is equipped with an STM32 master control chip to manage encoder reading,scanning laser control,ring fill light,industrial camera synchronization,image acquisition,and serial port command transmission.Additionally,a weld image processing and detection software system was developed to receive,store,and identify weld defects.A field inspection prototype was created and subjected to various defect weld detection experiments in a laboratory setting.Experimental results demonstrate that the device can accurately measure weld parameters by acquiring multimodal images,fulfilling defect detection requirements.The device features high detection accuracy,portability,and user-friendliness,making it significant for the objective inspection and evaluation of rebar weld appearance and welding quality.
基金supported by the Quzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(2023D023,2023D030,2023D002,and2024D028)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZY23B030002)+3 种基金the Shijiazhuang Shangtai Technology Co.,Ltd.Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(24291101Z)the International Cooperation Projects of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2021YFH0126)the Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department's key research project(2023YFG0203)。
文摘Metal foils have emerged as one of the promising materials for anode-free batteries due to their high energy density and scalability in production.The unclear lithium plating/stripping kinetics of metal foil current collectors in anode-free batteries was addressed by using the non-destructive distribution of relaxation times(DRT)analysis to systematically investigate the lithium transport behavior of 14 metal foils and its correlation with electrochemical performance.By integrating energy-dispersive spectro scopy(EDS),cyclic voltammetry(CV),and galvanostatic testing,the exceptional properties of indium(In),tin(Sn),and silver(Ag)were revealed:the Li-In alloying reaction exhibits high reversibility,Li-Sn alloys demonstrate outstanding cycling stability,and the Li-Ag solid-solution mechanism provides an ideal lithium deposition interface on the silver substrate.The DRT separates the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions passing through the SEI layer(R_(sei),τ2)and the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions undergoing charge transfer reaction at the electrolyte/electrode interface(R_(ct),τ3)by decoupling the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).For the first time,the correlation betweenτ2,τ3,and the cycle life/Coulombic efficiency of alloy/solid-solution metals was established,while non-alloy metals are not suitable for this method due to differences in lithium deposition mechanisms.This study not only illuminates the structure-property relationship governing the lithium kinetics of metal foil electrodes but also provides a novel non-destructive analytical strategy and theoretical guidance for the rational design of stable anodes in high-energy-density batteries,facilitating the efficient screening and optimization of anode-free battery.
