Objectives: Depressive disorders are a significant public health issue. They are prevalent, disabling, and often chronic, with a high economic burden to the society. Depressive illness is the most common psychiatric d...Objectives: Depressive disorders are a significant public health issue. They are prevalent, disabling, and often chronic, with a high economic burden to the society. Depressive illness is the most common psychiatric disorder in HIV/AIDS with prevalence 2 to 4 times higher than the general population. It’s still questionable whether HIV related depression is clinically different from sero-positive patients without depression. Studies comparing the clinical features of depressed and non-depressed People Living with HIV/AIDs are limited, hence the need for this study. Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional, descriptive study of three hundred adult HIV/AIDS patients attending the HIV clinic of Kwara State specialist hospital, Sobi, Ilorin. The PHQ-9 was administered to the respondents to screen for depression. A pre-tested PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to collect data. Subject who scored one and more were assessed clinically for depression. The three keys of social determinants of depression (SDS) were assessed and the association with depression sought. Results: One hundred and seventy (56.7%) satisfied the criteria for a depressive disorder using the PHQ-9 score. Compared to non-depressed sero-positive patients, depressed HIV patients were more likely to be female, single, unemployed, with below average year of schooling, low social economic status, low social cohesion and more stressful life events. They are more prone to hopelessness, thought of taking life and plan to commit suicide. Conclusion: These findings, show that the clinical and associated features of depression differ between depressed and non-depressed sero-positive subjects, thus requiring different management.展开更多
The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite has attracted increasing attention due to the consumption of vast water resources and depressants.This study proposed the seawater oxidation pretreatment for non-de...The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite has attracted increasing attention due to the consumption of vast water resources and depressants.This study proposed the seawater oxidation pretreatment for non-depressant flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite,as an effective and environmentally friendly strategy.Without the addition of depressants,seawater oxidation for 3 d effectively depressed pyrite flotation,with the highest recovery difference greater than 70%and a selectivity index greater than 6 between chalcopyrite and pyrite.The surface investigation showed that pyrite surface was more readily oxidized to form hydrophilic Fe oxidants/oxyhydroxides,as compared to that of chalcopyrite.Further UV-visible spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FTIR)results indicated that xanthate was less adsorbed onto the treated pyrite surface,resulting in un-floatable particles.Chalcopyrite surface was changed slightly due to seawater oxidation,thereby insignificantly affecting its flotation.The coordination theory was further used to reveal the combination mechanisms between xanthate and pyrite or chalcopyrite.This study therefore provides a promising strategy to effectively separate chalcopyrite from pyrite,especially in the freshwater-deficient area.展开更多
Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)or potassium(K)deficiency in plants can lead to a decrease in amino acid and protein synthesis.However,it is unknown how protein translation gets repressed during macronutrient deficiencies.Pr...Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)or potassium(K)deficiency in plants can lead to a decrease in amino acid and protein synthesis.However,it is unknown how protein translation gets repressed during macronutrient deficiencies.Previous research has shown that general control non-depressible 1(GCN1)cooperate with GCN2 to phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor(eIF2α).In this study,we observed phosphorylation of eIF2αunder N,P,and K deficiencies,which was found to be lost in gcn1.Mutant gcn1 displayed higher sensitivity to macronutrient deficiencies compared to the wild-type(WT).The evidence of in situ reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation in leaves indicated that macronutrient starvation triggers ROS production.Treatment with Dimethylthiourea(DMTU),a ROS scavenger,eliminated ROS and reversed eIF2αphosphorylation induced by nutrient deficiency.Moreover,it was discovered that protein translation was reduced under N or K deficiency in the WT but not in gcn1,whereas under P deprivation,protein translation was reduced in both the WT and gcn1.We additionally found that DMTU can partially recover translation inhibition under N or K deprivation.Taken together,it is concluded that GCN1-GCN2-eIF2αpathway is regulated by ROS and is essential for plant survival under macronutrient starvation conditions.展开更多
文摘Objectives: Depressive disorders are a significant public health issue. They are prevalent, disabling, and often chronic, with a high economic burden to the society. Depressive illness is the most common psychiatric disorder in HIV/AIDS with prevalence 2 to 4 times higher than the general population. It’s still questionable whether HIV related depression is clinically different from sero-positive patients without depression. Studies comparing the clinical features of depressed and non-depressed People Living with HIV/AIDs are limited, hence the need for this study. Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional, descriptive study of three hundred adult HIV/AIDS patients attending the HIV clinic of Kwara State specialist hospital, Sobi, Ilorin. The PHQ-9 was administered to the respondents to screen for depression. A pre-tested PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to collect data. Subject who scored one and more were assessed clinically for depression. The three keys of social determinants of depression (SDS) were assessed and the association with depression sought. Results: One hundred and seventy (56.7%) satisfied the criteria for a depressive disorder using the PHQ-9 score. Compared to non-depressed sero-positive patients, depressed HIV patients were more likely to be female, single, unemployed, with below average year of schooling, low social economic status, low social cohesion and more stressful life events. They are more prone to hopelessness, thought of taking life and plan to commit suicide. Conclusion: These findings, show that the clinical and associated features of depression differ between depressed and non-depressed sero-positive subjects, thus requiring different management.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974215).
文摘The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite has attracted increasing attention due to the consumption of vast water resources and depressants.This study proposed the seawater oxidation pretreatment for non-depressant flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite,as an effective and environmentally friendly strategy.Without the addition of depressants,seawater oxidation for 3 d effectively depressed pyrite flotation,with the highest recovery difference greater than 70%and a selectivity index greater than 6 between chalcopyrite and pyrite.The surface investigation showed that pyrite surface was more readily oxidized to form hydrophilic Fe oxidants/oxyhydroxides,as compared to that of chalcopyrite.Further UV-visible spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FTIR)results indicated that xanthate was less adsorbed onto the treated pyrite surface,resulting in un-floatable particles.Chalcopyrite surface was changed slightly due to seawater oxidation,thereby insignificantly affecting its flotation.The coordination theory was further used to reveal the combination mechanisms between xanthate and pyrite or chalcopyrite.This study therefore provides a promising strategy to effectively separate chalcopyrite from pyrite,especially in the freshwater-deficient area.
基金Science and Technology Innovation Funding of Henan Agricultural University to Hairong Zhang(30500715).
文摘Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)or potassium(K)deficiency in plants can lead to a decrease in amino acid and protein synthesis.However,it is unknown how protein translation gets repressed during macronutrient deficiencies.Previous research has shown that general control non-depressible 1(GCN1)cooperate with GCN2 to phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor(eIF2α).In this study,we observed phosphorylation of eIF2αunder N,P,and K deficiencies,which was found to be lost in gcn1.Mutant gcn1 displayed higher sensitivity to macronutrient deficiencies compared to the wild-type(WT).The evidence of in situ reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation in leaves indicated that macronutrient starvation triggers ROS production.Treatment with Dimethylthiourea(DMTU),a ROS scavenger,eliminated ROS and reversed eIF2αphosphorylation induced by nutrient deficiency.Moreover,it was discovered that protein translation was reduced under N or K deficiency in the WT but not in gcn1,whereas under P deprivation,protein translation was reduced in both the WT and gcn1.We additionally found that DMTU can partially recover translation inhibition under N or K deprivation.Taken together,it is concluded that GCN1-GCN2-eIF2αpathway is regulated by ROS and is essential for plant survival under macronutrient starvation conditions.
