Laser-driven ion acceleration,as produced by interaction of a high-intensity laser with a target,is a growing field of interest.One of the current challenges is to enhance the acceleration process,i.e.,to increase the...Laser-driven ion acceleration,as produced by interaction of a high-intensity laser with a target,is a growing field of interest.One of the current challenges is to enhance the acceleration process,i.e.,to increase the produced ion energy and the ion number and to shape the energy distribution for future applications.In this paper,we investigate the effect of helical coil(HC)targets on the laser-matter interaction process using a 150 TW laser.We demonstrate that HC targets significantly enhance proton acceleration,improving energy bunching and beam focusing and increasing the cutoff energy.For the first time,we extend this analysis to carbon ions,revealing a marked reduction in the number of low-energy carbon ions and the potential for energy bunching and post-acceleration through an optimized HC design.Simulations using the particle-in-cell code SOPHIE confirm the experimental results,providing insights into the current propagation and ion synchronization mechanisms in HCs.Our findings suggest that HC targets can be optimized for multispecies ion acceleration.展开更多
In order to solve the problem, which may be encountered by those former schemes, such as six accelerometer, nine accelerometer configuration, under specific conditions, a ten accelerometer configuration was pre...In order to solve the problem, which may be encountered by those former schemes, such as six accelerometer, nine accelerometer configuration, under specific conditions, a ten accelerometer configuration was presented to compute the rotational and translational accelerations of a rigid body, based on well known kinematics principles. The theoretical analysis shows that the configuration can meet the requirement. The simulation results of this scheme show promise for measuring a rigid body's rotational and translational accelerations.展开更多
Over 800 accelerograms recorded by 272 ground-level stations during the Wenchuan earthquake are used to analyze the influence of rupture distance, local site conditions and azimuth on peak ground accelerations （PGAs...Over 800 accelerograms recorded by 272 ground-level stations during the Wenchuan earthquake are used to analyze the influence of rupture distance, local site conditions and azimuth on peak ground accelerations （PGAs）. To achieve a better understanding of the characteristics of ground motions, the spatial distributions of the EW, NS and UD components of PGAs are obtained. Comparisons between the EW and NS components, the fault-normal and fault-parallel components, and the vertical and horizontal components of PGAs are performed, and the regression formula of the vertical-to-horizontal ratio of PGAs is developed. The attenuation relationship of peak horizontal accelerations （PHAs） is compared with several contemporary attenuation relationships. In addition, an analysis of residuals is conducted to identify the potential effects of rupture distance, azimuth and site conditions on the observed values of PHAs. The analysis focuses on medium-hard soil site conditions, as they provided most of the data used in this study.展开更多
Seismic microzonation for Almaty city for the first time use probabilistic approach and hazard is expressed in terms of not only macroseismic intensity,but also Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA).To account for the effects...Seismic microzonation for Almaty city for the first time use probabilistic approach and hazard is expressed in terms of not only macroseismic intensity,but also Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA).To account for the effects of local soil conditions,the continual approach proposed by A.S.Aleshin[1,2]was used,in which soil coefficients are a function of the continuously changing seismic rigidity.Soil coefficients were calculated using the new data of geological and geophysical surveys and findings of previous geotechnical studies.The used approach made it possible to avoid using soil categories and a jump change in characteristics of soil conditions and seismic impact.The developed seismic microzonation maps are prepared for further introduction into the normative documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan.展开更多
As for many post-soviet countries, Kazakhstan’s building code for seismic design was based on a deterministic approach. Recently, Kazakhstan seismologists are engaged to adapt the PSHA(probabilistic hazard assessment...As for many post-soviet countries, Kazakhstan’s building code for seismic design was based on a deterministic approach. Recently, Kazakhstan seismologists are engaged to adapt the PSHA(probabilistic hazard assessment) procedure to the large amount of available geological, geophysical and tectonic Kazakh data and to meet standard requirements for the Eurocode 8. The new procedure has been used within National projects to develop the Probabilistic GSZ(General Seismic Zoning) maps of the Kazakhstan territory and the SMZ(Probabilistic Seismic Microzoning) maps of Almaty city. They agree with the seismic design principles of Eurocode 8 and are expressed in terms of not only seismic intensity,but also engineering parameters(peak ground acceleration PGA). The whole packet of maps has been developed by the Institute of Seismology, together with other Kazakhstan Institutions. Our group was responsible for making analysis in PGA. The GSZ maps and hazard assessment maps for SMZ in terms of PGA for return periods 475 and 2475 years are considered in the article.展开更多
Seismic safety assessment of gravity dams has become a major concern in many regions of the world while the effects of vertical seismic accelerations on the response of structures remain poorly understood.This paper f...Seismic safety assessment of gravity dams has become a major concern in many regions of the world while the effects of vertical seismic accelerations on the response of structures remain poorly understood.This paper first investigates the effect of including vertical accelerations in the sliding response analysis of gravity dams subjected to a range of historical ground motion records separated in two groups according to their source-to-site distance.Analyses showed that the incidence of vertical accelerations on the sliding response of gravity dams is significantly higher for near-source records than for far- source records.The pseudo-static 30% load combination rule,commonly used in practice to account for the non-simultaneous occurrence of the peak horizontal and vertical accelerations,yielded good approximations of the minimum safety factors against sliding computed from time-history analyses.A method for empirically estimating the vertical response spectra based on horizontal spectra,accounting for the difference in frequency content and amplitudes between the two components is investigated.Results from analyses using spectrum compatible horizontal and vertical synthetic records also approximated well the sliding response of a gravity dam subjected to series of simultaneous horizontal and vertical historical earthquake records.展开更多
The high level of noise is a special feature of the geomagnetic field on the territory of Slovenia. The tension of the Adriatic tectonic microplate, on which Slovenia entirely lies, was recognized as one of its source...The high level of noise is a special feature of the geomagnetic field on the territory of Slovenia. The tension of the Adriatic tectonic microplate, on which Slovenia entirely lies, was recognized as one of its sources. The interior of the Earth is also the source of geomagnetic jerks. They are impulses in the secular variation calculated on the basis of monthly or annual mean values of variation of the geomagnetic field. The paper presents an analysis of accelerations in a local magnetic field calculated on the bases of daily mean values of the magnetic field measured at PIA geomagnetic Observatory (Piran, Slovenia) in 2020. These accelerations indicate geomagnetic impulses at the regional level over days or weeks. Then these results are compared with the registered seismic activity in the West Balkans.展开更多
The formulations of analytic-numerical method for the stress analysis of non-concurrent spatial tubular joints are introduced in the paper. The spatial DT joints with different eccentricity in the vertical diametrical...The formulations of analytic-numerical method for the stress analysis of non-concurrent spatial tubular joints are introduced in the paper. The spatial DT joints with different eccentricity in the vertical diametrical plane of chord are computed. Finally the influence of eccentricity on the stress at possible hot spots is discussed.展开更多
Site condition and bedrock depth play important roles in the determination of peak surface acceleration(PSA)values by earthquake motions.The soil parameters of shear wave velocity(Vs)and standard penetration test-numb...Site condition and bedrock depth play important roles in the determination of peak surface acceleration(PSA)values by earthquake motions.The soil parameters of shear wave velocity(Vs)and standard penetration test-number(N)value for Jakarta city are available up to 100 m below the Earth’s surface even though the typical depths to bedrock are in excess of 100 m.This study referred to the base motion peak ground acceleration(PGA)values of 0.100 g,0.218 g and 0.378 g to predict the PSA values using the Nonlinear Earthquake site Response Analysis(NERA)to analyse a simulated dataset for the bedrock depths of 100 m,200 m,300 m,400 m and 500 m with conditioned by clayey and sandy soils.A new empirical equation of Vs=102.48 N0.297(m/s)was proposed to calculate the values of Vsused as an input parameter in the NERA programme for the prediction of seismic wave propagation.The results showed that the PSA values are dependent on the amplitude of seismic waves,depths of bedrock and the local site conditions.Changes in the PSA values from 41.0%to 51.5%and from 46.1%to 79.8%for the bedrocks overlain by sand,from 20.0%to 42.1%and from 45.9%to 58.8%for the bedrocks overlain by clay with increasing of bedrock depths from 200 m to 300 m and from 400 m to 500 m,respectively,were predicted for a 2500-year return period earthquake.Decreases in the PSA values by 41.0%,51.5%,46.1%,79.8%for the bedrocks overlain by sand and by 20.0%,42.1%,45.9%,58.8%for the bedrocks overlain by clay were predicted for a 2500-year return period earthquake due to the bedrock depth changes of 200 m,300 m,400 m,500 m.Large-magnitude earthquake of Jakarta city has a significant effect on an increase or a decrease of the PSA value with depth of bedrock and may cause the vibration damage to buildings and other constructions on the ground.The analysis of the PSA value and PSA ratio influenced by the PGA value,bedrock depth and local soil conditions will make a contribution to the design of earthquake-safe building for Jakarta city in the future.展开更多
Since high-speed railway bridges are subjected to cyclic loading by the continuous wheel loads traveling at high speed and regular spacing, their dynamic behavior is of extreme importance and has significant influence...Since high-speed railway bridges are subjected to cyclic loading by the continuous wheel loads traveling at high speed and regular spacing, their dynamic behavior is of extreme importance and has significant influence on the riding safety of the trains. To secure the riding safety of the trains, advanced railway countries have limited the vertical acceleration of the bridge slab below critical values at specific frequency domains. Since these limitations of the vertical acceleration constitute the most important factors in securing the dynamic safety of the bridges, these countries have opted for a conservative approach. However, the Korean specifications limit only the size of the peak acceleration without considering the frequency domain, which impede significantly rational evaluation of the high-speed railway bridges in Korea. In addition, the evaluation of the acceleration without consideration of the frequency domain is the cause of disagreement between the dynamic analysis and measurement results. This study conducts field monitoring and dynamic analysis on high-speed railway bridges to gather the acceleration signals and compare them. Significant difference in the size of the vertical acceleration was observed between the measured and dynamic analysis accelerations when discarding the frequency domain as done in the current specifications. The comparison of the accelerations considering only low frequencies below 30 Hz showed that the dynamic analysis reflected accurately the measured vertical acceleration.展开更多
A rather simple straightforward procedure of estimating maximum values of the considered parameter (earthquake magnitude in a given region or seismic peak ground acceleration at the considered site) and quantiles of i...A rather simple straightforward procedure of estimating maximum values of the considered parameter (earthquake magnitude in a given region or seismic peak ground acceleration at the considered site) and quantiles of its probabilistic distribution in a future time interval of a given length is presented. To assess the peak ground acceleration using this method, the input information is the earthquake catalog and the regressive relation where the peak seismic acceleration at a given point bears the magnitude and epicentral distance of the site considered (seismic attenuation law). The method is based on the Bayesian approach, in which the influence of uncertainties of magnitudes and seismic acceleration values can be taken into account. The main assumptions for the method are the Poissonian character of the seismic event flow, a frequency-magnitude law of Gutenberg-Richter’s type with a cutoff maximum value for the estimated parameter, and an earthquake catalog that has a rather large number of events. The method has been applied to seismic hazard estimation in California, the Balkans, and Japan.展开更多
The influence of the longitudinal acceleration and the angular acceleration of detecting target based on vortex electromagnetic waves in keyhole space are analyzed.The spectrum spreads of different orbital angular mom...The influence of the longitudinal acceleration and the angular acceleration of detecting target based on vortex electromagnetic waves in keyhole space are analyzed.The spectrum spreads of different orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes in different non-line-of-sight situations are simulated.The errors of target accelerations in detection are calculated and compared based on the OAM spectra spreading by using two combinations of composite OAM modes in the keyhole space.According to the research,the effects about spectrum spreads of higher OAM modes are more obvious.The error in detection is mainly affected by OAM spectrum spreading,which can be reduced by reasonably using different combinations of OAM modes in different practical situations.The above results provide a reference idea for investigating keyhole effect when vortex electromagnetic wave is used to detect accelerations.展开更多
Although earthquake lights have been known since ancient times,it has not been easy to study them.It was not until the 60s that the first photographs of them were taken.During the Peruvian earthquake in 2007,it was po...Although earthquake lights have been known since ancient times,it has not been easy to study them.It was not until the 60s that the first photographs of them were taken.During the Peruvian earthquake in 2007,it was possible to obtain the fi rst fi lm recording on earthquake lights.Likewise,during the earthquakes in Ecuador in 2016 and in Mexico in 2017,two fi lms of the earthquake lights were recorded.These fi lm recordings have helped in the study of earthquake lights,both for their objectivity and for their informational content.Several causal mechanisms have been proposed to explain earthquake lights:piezoelectricity,radon emanation,fluid diffusion,friction-vaporization,positive holes and dipole currents,among others.In this work a time difference correlation between earthquake lights and seismic ground accelerations was found and we use both seismic data and fi lm recordings of earthquake lights to explain its origin.In the discussion section it is suggested that fracturing of rocks manifest itself to some extent in the form of static electricity producing earthquake lights through induction The induction model proposed is new and it can explain the formation of EQL,even if the earth’s crust has layers of large electrical resistivity.The model also explains the formation of seismic lights without the need for special conditions on the earth’s surface or in the atmosphere.A better understanding of the earthquake lights generation process can improve our understanding of seismicity and help in the prediction of earthquakes.展开更多
Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper th...Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application.Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling.Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1CreERT2;R26GFP lineage tracing system.Fluorescence staining,flow cytometry analysis,and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)in macrophages.Then,we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion(ATF6f/f;CX3CR1CreERT2 mice)decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy.In contrast,macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6.At the mechanism level,RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with Tnfαpromotor and augmenting its transcription.Additionally,molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element(ERSE).Taken together,ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting Tnfαtranscription in macrophages,suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.展开更多
The level of ground shaking,as determined by the peak ground acceleration(PGA),can be used to analyze seismic hazard at a certain location and is crucial for constructing earthquake-resistant structures.Predicting the...The level of ground shaking,as determined by the peak ground acceleration(PGA),can be used to analyze seismic hazard at a certain location and is crucial for constructing earthquake-resistant structures.Predicting the PGA immediately after an earthquake occurs allows for the issuing of a warning by an earthquake early warning system.In this study,we propose a deep learning model,ConvMixer,to predict the PGA recorded by weak-motion velocity seismometers in Japan.We use 5-s threecomponent seismograms,from 2 s before until 3 s after the P-wave arrival time of the earthquake.Our dataset comprised more than 50,000 single-station waveforms recorded by 10 seismic stations in the K-NET,Kiki-NET,and Hi-Net networks between 2004 and 2023.The proposed ConvMixer is a patch-based model that extracts global features from input seismic data and predicts the PGA of an earthquake by combining depth and pointwise convolutions.The proposed ConvMixer network had a mean absolute error of 2.143 when applied to the test set and outperformed benchmark deep learning models.In addition,the proposed ConvMixer demonstrated the ability to predict the PGA at the corresponding station site based on 1-second waveforms obtained immediately after the arrival time of the P-wave.展开更多
Introduction The generation of biological wastes such as cow dung and aloe vera waste(AVW)causes a serious ecological pollution.The microbial electrolytic cell coupled with anaerobic digestion(MEC-AD)system can make a...Introduction The generation of biological wastes such as cow dung and aloe vera waste(AVW)causes a serious ecological pollution.The microbial electrolytic cell coupled with anaerobic digestion(MEC-AD)system can make a rational utilization of these biodegradable organic wastes,which is of vital importance for alleviating environmental deterioration and reducing resource waste.Electrode materials and accelerants are the two major factors that affect methane production in the MEC-AD system.They affect microbial attachment and electron transfer in the MEC-AD system.Bio-based carbon materials are carbon materials prepared from biomass as raw materials.They have characteristics such as a rich pore structure,good chemical stability,biocompatibility,and controllable surface properties,which can be used as accelerants and electrodes in the MEC-AD system to optimize its performance.This study was to investigate the influence of biomass-derived carbon as an electrode and accelerant on the performance of the MEC-AD system,and the mechanism for increasing the production of biogas and methane was also analyzed,thus providing a basis for the multifunctional application of biomass-derived carbon in the MEC-AD system.Methods A series of experimental methods were adopted to study the MEC-AD system.Two types of bio-based carbon,i.e.,aloe vera waste derived spherical carbon(AVW-SC)and porous carbon(AVW-PC),were synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization.The raw AVW material was washed with water,dried,ground,and subjected to hydrothermal treatment to obtain AVW-SC.After activating AVW-SC with KOH,it was carbonized in a tube furnace to obtain AVW-PC.In the preparation of the electrodes,bio-based carbon(AVW-SC and AVW-PC)was mixed with 5%polytetrafluoroethylene powder in ethanol and deionized water,and then ground in a ball mill for 4 h to form a slurry.The slurry was evenly sprayed on the Ti mesh,dried and sintered in N2 atmosphere at 360℃to obtain Ti-SC and Ti-PC electrodes.Four groups of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal voltage,compare different carbon electrodes,and explore the optimal coating amount.The MEC-AD reactor adopted 500 mL wide-mouthed glass bottles with a working volume of 400 mL.Each MEC-AD system received a co-substrate mixture of cattle dung and aloe vera waste and inoculum of sewage sludge in a mass ratio of 3:7.Afterward,they were placed at(36±1)℃for 35 d.The biogas was collected by a water displacement method.The materials were analyzed by characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and electrochemical tests were conducted on different electrodes.The composition,pH,TS,VS,TCOD and nutrient content of biogas were analyzed by standard chemical methods.Microbial community analysis was conducted using high-throughput sequencing technology.The modified Gompertz model was adopted to predict the kinetic parameters,and the coulombic efficiency and methane recovery rate were calculated according to a specific formula.Results and discussion The result shows that AVW-SC is spherical and closely aggregated,while AVW-PC has a three-dimensional network structure,with average pore diameter of 9.77 nm.The electron exchange capacity(EEC)of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.75μmol·e-/g)is higher than that of AVW-SC(i.e.,0.15μmol·e-/g),indicating a better electron exchange capacity.These results indicate that AVW-PC provides more substrate and bacteria accumulation sites,and has better electron-donating and electron-accepting ability,thus improving the digestion efficiency.In the MEC-AD system,using Ti mesh as an electrode,the effect of different voltages(i.e.,0,0.4,0.6,0.8 V and 1.2 V)on the system performance is investigated,obtaining the optimum biogas production and organic matter degradation rate at 0.8 V.AVW-SC and AVW-PC are respectively coated on Ti mesh as electrodes.The results show that the MEC-AD system with AVW-PC coated Ti mesh as the electrode has a better performance.The electrochemical analysis shows that the electrode coated with AVW-PC has a larger specific capacitance and a smaller charge transfer resistance,indicating that AVW-PC can improve the electrochemical properties and electron transfer ability of MEC-AD system.The influence of coating amount(i.e.,0.025,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20 g)of AVW-PC on the MEC-AD system is investigated.At a coating amount of AVW-PC of 0.1 g,the cumulative biogas production and methane content of the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) group both reach the maximum values.Different doses of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.10%,0.15%,0.20%,and 0.25%)are added as accelerants in Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1).At the addition amount of AVW-PC of 0.20%,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group performs the optimum biogas production(i.e.,633.63 mL/g VS),methane content(i.e.,65.85%),and total nutrient content of biogas residue(i.e.,42.30 g/kg).In Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2,Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinacea and Methanosaetaceae significantly increase.The increase in microbial diversity promotes interspecific hydrogen transfer(IHT),interspecific acetic transfer(IAT),and direct interspecific electron transfer(DIET),thereby enhancing methanogenic efficiency.Conclusions AVW-SC and AVW-PC were utilized as electrodes and accelerants to enhance methane yield in MEC-AD system.The Ti mesh electrode coated with different concentrations of AVW-PC achieved the optimal biogas production at 0.8 V.Specifically,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) combination could generate the maximum total amount of biogas and methane proportion.The Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 combination exhibited the optimum performance(i.e.,biogas yield of 633.63 mL/g VS,methane content of 65.85%and total nutritional content of 42.30 g/kg).High abundances of Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinaceae,and Methanosaetaceae appeared in the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group,compared to other groups.In addition,an increased microbial diversity led to an enhanced methane production through processes like DIET.This research could highlight the potential significance of AVW-PC as both electrode and accelerator for increasing methane production and provide a perspective for improving MEC-AD performance through multiple applications of biomass-derived carbon.展开更多
The preparation of polypeptide materials in continuous flow reactors shows great potential with improved reproducibility and scalability.However,conventional polypeptide synthesis from the polymerization of N-carboxya...The preparation of polypeptide materials in continuous flow reactors shows great potential with improved reproducibility and scalability.However,conventional polypeptide synthesis from the polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride(NCA)is conducted at relatively slow rates,requiring long tubing or ending up with low-molecular-weight polymers.Inspired by recent advances in accelerated NCA polymerization,we report the crown-ether-catalyzed,rapid synthesis of polypeptide materials in cosolvents in flow reactors.The incorporation of low-polarity dichloromethane and the use of catalysts enabled fast conversion of monomers in 30 min,yielding well-defined polypeptides(up to 30 k Da)through a 20-cm tubing reactor.Additionally,random or block copolypeptides were efficiently prepared by incorporating a second NCA monomer.We believe that this work highlights the accelerated polymerization design in flow polymerization processes,offering the continuous production of polypeptide materials.展开更多
Background Higher accelerometer-assessed volume and intensity of physical activity(PA)have been associated with a longer life expectancy but can be difficult to translate into recommended doses of PA.We aimed to:(a)im...Background Higher accelerometer-assessed volume and intensity of physical activity(PA)have been associated with a longer life expectancy but can be difficult to translate into recommended doses of PA.We aimed to:(a)improve interpretability by producing UK Biobank age-referenced centiles for PA volume and intensity;(b)inform public-health messaging by examining how adding recommended quantities of moderate and vigorous PA affect PA volume and intensity.Methods 92,480 UK Biobank participants aged 43-80 years with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.Average acceleration and intensity gradient were derived as proxies for PA volume and intensity.We generated sex-specific centile curves using Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape(GAMLSS)and modeled the effect of adding moderate(walking)or vigorous(running)activity on the combined change in the volume and intensity centiles(change in PA profile).Results In men,volume was lower as age increased while intensity was lower after age 55;in women,both volume and intensity were lower as age increased.Adding 150 min of moderate PA weekly(5×30 min walking)increased the PA profile by 4 percentage points.Defining moderate PA as brisk walking approximately doubled the increase(9 percentage points)while 75 min of vigorous PA weekly(5×15 min running)trebled the increase(13 percentage points).Conclusion These UK Biobank reference centiles provide a benchmark for interpretation of accelerometer data.Application of our translational methods demonstrate that meeting PA guidelines through shorter duration vigorous activity is more beneficial to the PA profile(volume and intensity)than longer duration moderate activity.展开更多
In order to support the physical research on the EAST tokamak,a new positive ion source with designed beam energy of 120 keV was proposed to be developed.Accelerator structure is one of the key components of the ion s...In order to support the physical research on the EAST tokamak,a new positive ion source with designed beam energy of 120 keV was proposed to be developed.Accelerator structure is one of the key components of the ion source.Through the finite element analysis method,the electrostatic analyses of insulators and grid plates were carried out,the material and structure parameters of insulators were determined.The maximum electric field around each insulator is about 4 kV/mm,and the maximum electric field between grids is about 14 kV/mm,which can meet the 120 keV withstand voltage holding.The insulation system for the positive ion source accelerator with 120 keV is designed,and the connection and basic parameters of insulators and support flanges are analyzed and determined.展开更多
基金supported by the CEA/DAM Laser Plasma Experiments Validation Project and the CEA/DAM Basic Technical and Scientific Studies Projectsupported by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)(Grant Nos.RGPIN-2023-05459 and ALLRP 556340-20)+3 种基金the Digital Research Alliance of Canada(Job pve-323-ac)the Canada Foundation for Innovation(CFI)the Ministère de l’Économie,de l’Innovation et de l’Énergie(MEIE)from QuébecThis study was granted access to the HPC resources of IRENE under allocation Grant No.A0170512899 made by GENCI.We acknowledge the financial support of the IdEx University of Bordeaux/Grand Research Program“GPR LIGHT”and of the Graduate Program on Light Sciences and Technologies of the University of Bordeaux.
文摘Laser-driven ion acceleration,as produced by interaction of a high-intensity laser with a target,is a growing field of interest.One of the current challenges is to enhance the acceleration process,i.e.,to increase the produced ion energy and the ion number and to shape the energy distribution for future applications.In this paper,we investigate the effect of helical coil(HC)targets on the laser-matter interaction process using a 150 TW laser.We demonstrate that HC targets significantly enhance proton acceleration,improving energy bunching and beam focusing and increasing the cutoff energy.For the first time,we extend this analysis to carbon ions,revealing a marked reduction in the number of low-energy carbon ions and the potential for energy bunching and post-acceleration through an optimized HC design.Simulations using the particle-in-cell code SOPHIE confirm the experimental results,providing insights into the current propagation and ion synchronization mechanisms in HCs.Our findings suggest that HC targets can be optimized for multispecies ion acceleration.
文摘In order to solve the problem, which may be encountered by those former schemes, such as six accelerometer, nine accelerometer configuration, under specific conditions, a ten accelerometer configuration was presented to compute the rotational and translational accelerations of a rigid body, based on well known kinematics principles. The theoretical analysis shows that the configuration can meet the requirement. The simulation results of this scheme show promise for measuring a rigid body's rotational and translational accelerations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No. 90715038, 50878199 and 50808166National Basic Research Program of China Under Grant No. 2007CB714200
文摘Over 800 accelerograms recorded by 272 ground-level stations during the Wenchuan earthquake are used to analyze the influence of rupture distance, local site conditions and azimuth on peak ground accelerations （PGAs）. To achieve a better understanding of the characteristics of ground motions, the spatial distributions of the EW, NS and UD components of PGAs are obtained. Comparisons between the EW and NS components, the fault-normal and fault-parallel components, and the vertical and horizontal components of PGAs are performed, and the regression formula of the vertical-to-horizontal ratio of PGAs is developed. The attenuation relationship of peak horizontal accelerations （PHAs） is compared with several contemporary attenuation relationships. In addition, an analysis of residuals is conducted to identify the potential effects of rupture distance, azimuth and site conditions on the observed values of PHAs. The analysis focuses on medium-hard soil site conditions, as they provided most of the data used in this study.
基金provided through the Ministry of Education and Sciencecarried out as a part of the project“Development of the Seismic Microzonation Map for the Territory of Almaty City on a New Methodical Base”(state registration No 0115RK02701)funded within the state funding.
文摘Seismic microzonation for Almaty city for the first time use probabilistic approach and hazard is expressed in terms of not only macroseismic intensity,but also Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA).To account for the effects of local soil conditions,the continual approach proposed by A.S.Aleshin[1,2]was used,in which soil coefficients are a function of the continuously changing seismic rigidity.Soil coefficients were calculated using the new data of geological and geophysical surveys and findings of previous geotechnical studies.The used approach made it possible to avoid using soil categories and a jump change in characteristics of soil conditions and seismic impact.The developed seismic microzonation maps are prepared for further introduction into the normative documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
基金"Development of the Map of General Seismic Zoning in the Territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (state registration 0113RK01142)"Development of the map of Seismic Microzoning of the Territory of Almaty City"(state registration 0115RK02701)funded within the state funding
文摘As for many post-soviet countries, Kazakhstan’s building code for seismic design was based on a deterministic approach. Recently, Kazakhstan seismologists are engaged to adapt the PSHA(probabilistic hazard assessment) procedure to the large amount of available geological, geophysical and tectonic Kazakh data and to meet standard requirements for the Eurocode 8. The new procedure has been used within National projects to develop the Probabilistic GSZ(General Seismic Zoning) maps of the Kazakhstan territory and the SMZ(Probabilistic Seismic Microzoning) maps of Almaty city. They agree with the seismic design principles of Eurocode 8 and are expressed in terms of not only seismic intensity,but also engineering parameters(peak ground acceleration PGA). The whole packet of maps has been developed by the Institute of Seismology, together with other Kazakhstan Institutions. Our group was responsible for making analysis in PGA. The GSZ maps and hazard assessment maps for SMZ in terms of PGA for return periods 475 and 2475 years are considered in the article.
基金Natural Seienee and Engineering Researeh Couneilof Canada(NSERC),Hydro-Qucbcc,Alcanthe "fonds Pour la Formation de Chereheurs et l'Aide ala Recherehe"(FCAR) of Quebec
文摘Seismic safety assessment of gravity dams has become a major concern in many regions of the world while the effects of vertical seismic accelerations on the response of structures remain poorly understood.This paper first investigates the effect of including vertical accelerations in the sliding response analysis of gravity dams subjected to a range of historical ground motion records separated in two groups according to their source-to-site distance.Analyses showed that the incidence of vertical accelerations on the sliding response of gravity dams is significantly higher for near-source records than for far- source records.The pseudo-static 30% load combination rule,commonly used in practice to account for the non-simultaneous occurrence of the peak horizontal and vertical accelerations,yielded good approximations of the minimum safety factors against sliding computed from time-history analyses.A method for empirically estimating the vertical response spectra based on horizontal spectra,accounting for the difference in frequency content and amplitudes between the two components is investigated.Results from analyses using spectrum compatible horizontal and vertical synthetic records also approximated well the sliding response of a gravity dam subjected to series of simultaneous horizontal and vertical historical earthquake records.
文摘The high level of noise is a special feature of the geomagnetic field on the territory of Slovenia. The tension of the Adriatic tectonic microplate, on which Slovenia entirely lies, was recognized as one of its sources. The interior of the Earth is also the source of geomagnetic jerks. They are impulses in the secular variation calculated on the basis of monthly or annual mean values of variation of the geomagnetic field. The paper presents an analysis of accelerations in a local magnetic field calculated on the bases of daily mean values of the magnetic field measured at PIA geomagnetic Observatory (Piran, Slovenia) in 2020. These accelerations indicate geomagnetic impulses at the regional level over days or weeks. Then these results are compared with the registered seismic activity in the West Balkans.
文摘The formulations of analytic-numerical method for the stress analysis of non-concurrent spatial tubular joints are introduced in the paper. The spatial DT joints with different eccentricity in the vertical diametrical plane of chord are computed. Finally the influence of eccentricity on the stress at possible hot spots is discussed.
基金the financial support from the Universitas Syiah Kuala and Ministry of Research,Technology and Higher Education,Indonesia,for Professors Research Scheme Grant No.268/UN11/SPK/PNBP/2020 awarded to MMTon Duc Thang University,Vietnam,for Research Funding Contract No.551/2019/TDT-HDLV-NCV awarded to MAF
文摘Site condition and bedrock depth play important roles in the determination of peak surface acceleration(PSA)values by earthquake motions.The soil parameters of shear wave velocity(Vs)and standard penetration test-number(N)value for Jakarta city are available up to 100 m below the Earth’s surface even though the typical depths to bedrock are in excess of 100 m.This study referred to the base motion peak ground acceleration(PGA)values of 0.100 g,0.218 g and 0.378 g to predict the PSA values using the Nonlinear Earthquake site Response Analysis(NERA)to analyse a simulated dataset for the bedrock depths of 100 m,200 m,300 m,400 m and 500 m with conditioned by clayey and sandy soils.A new empirical equation of Vs=102.48 N0.297(m/s)was proposed to calculate the values of Vsused as an input parameter in the NERA programme for the prediction of seismic wave propagation.The results showed that the PSA values are dependent on the amplitude of seismic waves,depths of bedrock and the local site conditions.Changes in the PSA values from 41.0%to 51.5%and from 46.1%to 79.8%for the bedrocks overlain by sand,from 20.0%to 42.1%and from 45.9%to 58.8%for the bedrocks overlain by clay with increasing of bedrock depths from 200 m to 300 m and from 400 m to 500 m,respectively,were predicted for a 2500-year return period earthquake.Decreases in the PSA values by 41.0%,51.5%,46.1%,79.8%for the bedrocks overlain by sand and by 20.0%,42.1%,45.9%,58.8%for the bedrocks overlain by clay were predicted for a 2500-year return period earthquake due to the bedrock depth changes of 200 m,300 m,400 m,500 m.Large-magnitude earthquake of Jakarta city has a significant effect on an increase or a decrease of the PSA value with depth of bedrock and may cause the vibration damage to buildings and other constructions on the ground.The analysis of the PSA value and PSA ratio influenced by the PGA value,bedrock depth and local soil conditions will make a contribution to the design of earthquake-safe building for Jakarta city in the future.
文摘Since high-speed railway bridges are subjected to cyclic loading by the continuous wheel loads traveling at high speed and regular spacing, their dynamic behavior is of extreme importance and has significant influence on the riding safety of the trains. To secure the riding safety of the trains, advanced railway countries have limited the vertical acceleration of the bridge slab below critical values at specific frequency domains. Since these limitations of the vertical acceleration constitute the most important factors in securing the dynamic safety of the bridges, these countries have opted for a conservative approach. However, the Korean specifications limit only the size of the peak acceleration without considering the frequency domain, which impede significantly rational evaluation of the high-speed railway bridges in Korea. In addition, the evaluation of the acceleration without consideration of the frequency domain is the cause of disagreement between the dynamic analysis and measurement results. This study conducts field monitoring and dynamic analysis on high-speed railway bridges to gather the acceleration signals and compare them. Significant difference in the size of the vertical acceleration was observed between the measured and dynamic analysis accelerations when discarding the frequency domain as done in the current specifications. The comparison of the accelerations considering only low frequencies below 30 Hz showed that the dynamic analysis reflected accurately the measured vertical acceleration.
文摘A rather simple straightforward procedure of estimating maximum values of the considered parameter (earthquake magnitude in a given region or seismic peak ground acceleration at the considered site) and quantiles of its probabilistic distribution in a future time interval of a given length is presented. To assess the peak ground acceleration using this method, the input information is the earthquake catalog and the regressive relation where the peak seismic acceleration at a given point bears the magnitude and epicentral distance of the site considered (seismic attenuation law). The method is based on the Bayesian approach, in which the influence of uncertainties of magnitudes and seismic acceleration values can be taken into account. The main assumptions for the method are the Poissonian character of the seismic event flow, a frequency-magnitude law of Gutenberg-Richter’s type with a cutoff maximum value for the estimated parameter, and an earthquake catalog that has a rather large number of events. The method has been applied to seismic hazard estimation in California, the Balkans, and Japan.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11804073 and 61775050).
文摘The influence of the longitudinal acceleration and the angular acceleration of detecting target based on vortex electromagnetic waves in keyhole space are analyzed.The spectrum spreads of different orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes in different non-line-of-sight situations are simulated.The errors of target accelerations in detection are calculated and compared based on the OAM spectra spreading by using two combinations of composite OAM modes in the keyhole space.According to the research,the effects about spectrum spreads of higher OAM modes are more obvious.The error in detection is mainly affected by OAM spectrum spreading,which can be reduced by reasonably using different combinations of OAM modes in different practical situations.The above results provide a reference idea for investigating keyhole effect when vortex electromagnetic wave is used to detect accelerations.
文摘Although earthquake lights have been known since ancient times,it has not been easy to study them.It was not until the 60s that the first photographs of them were taken.During the Peruvian earthquake in 2007,it was possible to obtain the fi rst fi lm recording on earthquake lights.Likewise,during the earthquakes in Ecuador in 2016 and in Mexico in 2017,two fi lms of the earthquake lights were recorded.These fi lm recordings have helped in the study of earthquake lights,both for their objectivity and for their informational content.Several causal mechanisms have been proposed to explain earthquake lights:piezoelectricity,radon emanation,fluid diffusion,friction-vaporization,positive holes and dipole currents,among others.In this work a time difference correlation between earthquake lights and seismic ground accelerations was found and we use both seismic data and fi lm recordings of earthquake lights to explain its origin.In the discussion section it is suggested that fracturing of rocks manifest itself to some extent in the form of static electricity producing earthquake lights through induction The induction model proposed is new and it can explain the formation of EQL,even if the earth’s crust has layers of large electrical resistivity.The model also explains the formation of seismic lights without the need for special conditions on the earth’s surface or in the atmosphere.A better understanding of the earthquake lights generation process can improve our understanding of seismicity and help in the prediction of earthquakes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071143,82371000,82270361)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022795)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_1801)the Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through the Science,Technology and Education-Jiangsu Provincial Research Hospital Cultivation Unit(YJXYYJSDW4)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center(CXZX202227).
文摘Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application.Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling.Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1CreERT2;R26GFP lineage tracing system.Fluorescence staining,flow cytometry analysis,and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)in macrophages.Then,we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion(ATF6f/f;CX3CR1CreERT2 mice)decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy.In contrast,macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6.At the mechanism level,RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with Tnfαpromotor and augmenting its transcription.Additionally,molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element(ERSE).Taken together,ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting Tnfαtranscription in macrophages,suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.
基金supported by the Basic Scientific Program of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics supporting the 14th Five-Year Plan[Grant No.7-224151]Youth Innovation Team of China Meteorological Administration[Grant No.CMA2023QN10]+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Nos.42175010,41965010,U223321842275010]Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission[Grant No.Z221100005222012]the Department of Science and Technology of Hebei Province[Grant No.22375404D]the Open subjects of the Key Open Laboratory of Cloud Physical Environment,China Meteorological Administration[Grant No.2020Z00715]。
基金the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) for supporting this work
文摘The level of ground shaking,as determined by the peak ground acceleration(PGA),can be used to analyze seismic hazard at a certain location and is crucial for constructing earthquake-resistant structures.Predicting the PGA immediately after an earthquake occurs allows for the issuing of a warning by an earthquake early warning system.In this study,we propose a deep learning model,ConvMixer,to predict the PGA recorded by weak-motion velocity seismometers in Japan.We use 5-s threecomponent seismograms,from 2 s before until 3 s after the P-wave arrival time of the earthquake.Our dataset comprised more than 50,000 single-station waveforms recorded by 10 seismic stations in the K-NET,Kiki-NET,and Hi-Net networks between 2004 and 2023.The proposed ConvMixer is a patch-based model that extracts global features from input seismic data and predicts the PGA of an earthquake by combining depth and pointwise convolutions.The proposed ConvMixer network had a mean absolute error of 2.143 when applied to the test set and outperformed benchmark deep learning models.In addition,the proposed ConvMixer demonstrated the ability to predict the PGA at the corresponding station site based on 1-second waveforms obtained immediately after the arrival time of the P-wave.
文摘Introduction The generation of biological wastes such as cow dung and aloe vera waste(AVW)causes a serious ecological pollution.The microbial electrolytic cell coupled with anaerobic digestion(MEC-AD)system can make a rational utilization of these biodegradable organic wastes,which is of vital importance for alleviating environmental deterioration and reducing resource waste.Electrode materials and accelerants are the two major factors that affect methane production in the MEC-AD system.They affect microbial attachment and electron transfer in the MEC-AD system.Bio-based carbon materials are carbon materials prepared from biomass as raw materials.They have characteristics such as a rich pore structure,good chemical stability,biocompatibility,and controllable surface properties,which can be used as accelerants and electrodes in the MEC-AD system to optimize its performance.This study was to investigate the influence of biomass-derived carbon as an electrode and accelerant on the performance of the MEC-AD system,and the mechanism for increasing the production of biogas and methane was also analyzed,thus providing a basis for the multifunctional application of biomass-derived carbon in the MEC-AD system.Methods A series of experimental methods were adopted to study the MEC-AD system.Two types of bio-based carbon,i.e.,aloe vera waste derived spherical carbon(AVW-SC)and porous carbon(AVW-PC),were synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization.The raw AVW material was washed with water,dried,ground,and subjected to hydrothermal treatment to obtain AVW-SC.After activating AVW-SC with KOH,it was carbonized in a tube furnace to obtain AVW-PC.In the preparation of the electrodes,bio-based carbon(AVW-SC and AVW-PC)was mixed with 5%polytetrafluoroethylene powder in ethanol and deionized water,and then ground in a ball mill for 4 h to form a slurry.The slurry was evenly sprayed on the Ti mesh,dried and sintered in N2 atmosphere at 360℃to obtain Ti-SC and Ti-PC electrodes.Four groups of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal voltage,compare different carbon electrodes,and explore the optimal coating amount.The MEC-AD reactor adopted 500 mL wide-mouthed glass bottles with a working volume of 400 mL.Each MEC-AD system received a co-substrate mixture of cattle dung and aloe vera waste and inoculum of sewage sludge in a mass ratio of 3:7.Afterward,they were placed at(36±1)℃for 35 d.The biogas was collected by a water displacement method.The materials were analyzed by characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and electrochemical tests were conducted on different electrodes.The composition,pH,TS,VS,TCOD and nutrient content of biogas were analyzed by standard chemical methods.Microbial community analysis was conducted using high-throughput sequencing technology.The modified Gompertz model was adopted to predict the kinetic parameters,and the coulombic efficiency and methane recovery rate were calculated according to a specific formula.Results and discussion The result shows that AVW-SC is spherical and closely aggregated,while AVW-PC has a three-dimensional network structure,with average pore diameter of 9.77 nm.The electron exchange capacity(EEC)of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.75μmol·e-/g)is higher than that of AVW-SC(i.e.,0.15μmol·e-/g),indicating a better electron exchange capacity.These results indicate that AVW-PC provides more substrate and bacteria accumulation sites,and has better electron-donating and electron-accepting ability,thus improving the digestion efficiency.In the MEC-AD system,using Ti mesh as an electrode,the effect of different voltages(i.e.,0,0.4,0.6,0.8 V and 1.2 V)on the system performance is investigated,obtaining the optimum biogas production and organic matter degradation rate at 0.8 V.AVW-SC and AVW-PC are respectively coated on Ti mesh as electrodes.The results show that the MEC-AD system with AVW-PC coated Ti mesh as the electrode has a better performance.The electrochemical analysis shows that the electrode coated with AVW-PC has a larger specific capacitance and a smaller charge transfer resistance,indicating that AVW-PC can improve the electrochemical properties and electron transfer ability of MEC-AD system.The influence of coating amount(i.e.,0.025,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20 g)of AVW-PC on the MEC-AD system is investigated.At a coating amount of AVW-PC of 0.1 g,the cumulative biogas production and methane content of the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) group both reach the maximum values.Different doses of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.10%,0.15%,0.20%,and 0.25%)are added as accelerants in Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1).At the addition amount of AVW-PC of 0.20%,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group performs the optimum biogas production(i.e.,633.63 mL/g VS),methane content(i.e.,65.85%),and total nutrient content of biogas residue(i.e.,42.30 g/kg).In Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2,Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinacea and Methanosaetaceae significantly increase.The increase in microbial diversity promotes interspecific hydrogen transfer(IHT),interspecific acetic transfer(IAT),and direct interspecific electron transfer(DIET),thereby enhancing methanogenic efficiency.Conclusions AVW-SC and AVW-PC were utilized as electrodes and accelerants to enhance methane yield in MEC-AD system.The Ti mesh electrode coated with different concentrations of AVW-PC achieved the optimal biogas production at 0.8 V.Specifically,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) combination could generate the maximum total amount of biogas and methane proportion.The Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 combination exhibited the optimum performance(i.e.,biogas yield of 633.63 mL/g VS,methane content of 65.85%and total nutritional content of 42.30 g/kg).High abundances of Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinaceae,and Methanosaetaceae appeared in the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group,compared to other groups.In addition,an increased microbial diversity led to an enhanced methane production through processes like DIET.This research could highlight the potential significance of AVW-PC as both electrode and accelerator for increasing methane production and provide a perspective for improving MEC-AD performance through multiple applications of biomass-derived carbon.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101194)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210733)+3 种基金Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.ZXL2021447)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technologythe 111 ProjectJoint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices。
文摘The preparation of polypeptide materials in continuous flow reactors shows great potential with improved reproducibility and scalability.However,conventional polypeptide synthesis from the polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride(NCA)is conducted at relatively slow rates,requiring long tubing or ending up with low-molecular-weight polymers.Inspired by recent advances in accelerated NCA polymerization,we report the crown-ether-catalyzed,rapid synthesis of polypeptide materials in cosolvents in flow reactors.The incorporation of low-polarity dichloromethane and the use of catalysts enabled fast conversion of monomers in 30 min,yielding well-defined polypeptides(up to 30 k Da)through a 20-cm tubing reactor.Additionally,random or block copolypeptides were efficiently prepared by incorporating a second NCA monomer.We believe that this work highlights the accelerated polymerization design in flow polymerization processes,offering the continuous production of polypeptide materials.
基金supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands (ARC EM, (IS-BRC-1215-20010))funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (IS-BRC-1215-20011)supported by a UKRI research grant (EP/X042464/1)。
文摘Background Higher accelerometer-assessed volume and intensity of physical activity(PA)have been associated with a longer life expectancy but can be difficult to translate into recommended doses of PA.We aimed to:(a)improve interpretability by producing UK Biobank age-referenced centiles for PA volume and intensity;(b)inform public-health messaging by examining how adding recommended quantities of moderate and vigorous PA affect PA volume and intensity.Methods 92,480 UK Biobank participants aged 43-80 years with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.Average acceleration and intensity gradient were derived as proxies for PA volume and intensity.We generated sex-specific centile curves using Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape(GAMLSS)and modeled the effect of adding moderate(walking)or vigorous(running)activity on the combined change in the volume and intensity centiles(change in PA profile).Results In men,volume was lower as age increased while intensity was lower after age 55;in women,both volume and intensity were lower as age increased.Adding 150 min of moderate PA weekly(5×30 min walking)increased the PA profile by 4 percentage points.Defining moderate PA as brisk walking approximately doubled the increase(9 percentage points)while 75 min of vigorous PA weekly(5×15 min running)trebled the increase(13 percentage points).Conclusion These UK Biobank reference centiles provide a benchmark for interpretation of accelerometer data.Application of our translational methods demonstrate that meeting PA guidelines through shorter duration vigorous activity is more beneficial to the PA profile(volume and intensity)than longer duration moderate activity.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11975261)。
文摘In order to support the physical research on the EAST tokamak,a new positive ion source with designed beam energy of 120 keV was proposed to be developed.Accelerator structure is one of the key components of the ion source.Through the finite element analysis method,the electrostatic analyses of insulators and grid plates were carried out,the material and structure parameters of insulators were determined.The maximum electric field around each insulator is about 4 kV/mm,and the maximum electric field between grids is about 14 kV/mm,which can meet the 120 keV withstand voltage holding.The insulation system for the positive ion source accelerator with 120 keV is designed,and the connection and basic parameters of insulators and support flanges are analyzed and determined.
