Cellulose frameworks have emerged as promising materials for light management due to their exceptional light-scattering capabilities and sustainable nature.Conventional biomass-derived cellulose frameworks face a fund...Cellulose frameworks have emerged as promising materials for light management due to their exceptional light-scattering capabilities and sustainable nature.Conventional biomass-derived cellulose frameworks face a fundamental trade-off between haze and transparency,coupled with impractical thicknesses(≥1 mm).Inspired by squid’s skin-peeling mechanism,this work develops a peroxyformic acid(HCOOOH)-enabled precision peeling strategy to isolate intact 10-μm-thick bamboo green(BG)frameworks—100×thinner than wood-based counterparts while achieving an unprecedented optical performance(88%haze with 80%transparency).This performance surpasses delignified biomass(transparency<40%at 1 mm)and matches engineered cellulose composites,yet requires no energy-intensive nanofibrillation.The preserved native cellulose I crystalline structure(64.76%crystallinity)and wax-coated uniaxial fibril alignment(Hermans factor:0.23)contribute to high mechanical strength(903 MPa modulus)and broadband light scattering.As a light-management layer in polycrystalline silicon solar cells,the BG framework boosts photoelectric conversion efficiency by 0.41%absolute(18.74%→19.15%),outperforming synthetic anti-reflective coatings.The work establishes a scalable,waste-to-wealth route for optical-grade cellulose materials in next-generation optoelectronics.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,heat accumulation under continuous illumination remains a critical bot...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,heat accumulation under continuous illumination remains a critical bottleneck,severely affecting device stability and long-term operational performance.Herein,we present a multifunctional strategy by incorporating highly thermally conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) MXene nanosheets into the perovskite layer to simultaneously enhance thermal management and optoelectronic properties.The Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) nanosheets,embedded at perovskite grain boundaries,construct efficient thermal conduction pathways,significantly improving the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the film.This leads to a notable reduction in the device’s steady-state operating temperature from 42.96 to 39.97 under 100 mW cm^(−2) illumination,thereby alleviating heat-induced performance degradation.Beyond thermal regulation,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X),with high conductivity and negatively charged surface terminations,also serves as an effective defect passivation agent,reducing trap-assisted recombination,while simultaneously facilitating charge extraction and transport by optimizing interfacial energy alignment.As a result,the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC achieve a champion PCE of 25.13%and exhibit outstanding thermal stability,retaining 80%of the initial PCE after 500 h of thermal aging at 85 and 30±5%relative humidity.(In contrast,control PSC retain only 58%after 200 h.)Moreover,under continuous maximum power point tracking in N2 atmosphere,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC retained 70%of the initial PCE after 500 h,whereas the control PSC drop sharply to 20%.These findings highlight the synergistic role of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) in thermal management and optoelectronic performance,paving the way for the development of high-efficiency and heat-resistant perovskite photovoltaics.展开更多
Objective expertise evaluation of individuals,as a prerequisite stage for team formation,has been a long-term desideratum in large software development companies.With the rapid advancements in machine learning methods...Objective expertise evaluation of individuals,as a prerequisite stage for team formation,has been a long-term desideratum in large software development companies.With the rapid advancements in machine learning methods,based on reliable existing data stored in project management tools’datasets,automating this evaluation process becomes a natural step forward.In this context,our approach focuses on quantifying software developer expertise by using metadata from the task-tracking systems.For this,we mathematically formalize two categories of expertise:technology-specific expertise,which denotes the skills required for a particular technology,and general expertise,which encapsulates overall knowledge in the software industry.Afterward,we automatically classify the zones of expertise associated with each task a developer has worked on using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)-like transformers to handle the unique characteristics of project tool datasets effectively.Finally,our method evaluates the proficiency of each software specialist across already completed projects from both technology-specific and general perspectives.The method was experimentally validated,yielding promising results.展开更多
The evolution of cities into digitally managed environments requires computational systems that can operate in real time while supporting predictive and adaptive infrastructure management.Earlier approaches have often...The evolution of cities into digitally managed environments requires computational systems that can operate in real time while supporting predictive and adaptive infrastructure management.Earlier approaches have often advanced one dimension—such as Internet of Things(IoT)-based data acquisition,Artificial Intelligence(AI)-driven analytics,or digital twin visualization—without fully integrating these strands into a single operational loop.As a result,many existing solutions encounter bottlenecks in responsiveness,interoperability,and scalability,while also leaving concerns about data privacy unresolved.This research introduces a hybrid AI–IoT–Digital Twin framework that combines continuous sensing,distributed intelligence,and simulation-based decision support.The design incorporates multi-source sensor data,lightweight edge inference through Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)and Long ShortTerm Memory(LSTM)models,and federated learning enhanced with secure aggregation and differential privacy to maintain confidentiality.A digital twin layer extends these capabilities by simulating city assets such as traffic flows and water networks,generating what-if scenarios,and issuing actionable control signals.Complementary modules,including model compression and synchronization protocols,are embedded to ensure reliability in bandwidth-constrained and heterogeneous urban environments.The framework is validated in two urban domains:traffic management,where it adapts signal cycles based on real-time congestion patterns,and pipeline monitoring,where it anticipates leaks through pressure and vibration data.Experimental results show a 28%reduction in response time,a 35%decrease in maintenance costs,and a marked reduction in false positives relative to conventional baselines.The architecture also demonstrates stability across 50+edge devices under federated training and resilience to uneven node participation.The proposed system provides a scalable and privacy-aware foundation for predictive urban infrastructure management.By closing the loop between sensing,learning,and control,it reduces operator dependence,enhances resource efficiency,and supports transparent governance models for emerging smart cities.展开更多
Open competition is a new form of the assessment of candidates and selection of project managers. This has many merits compared to the traditional administrative method of appointment. This article introduces a method...Open competition is a new form of the assessment of candidates and selection of project managers. This has many merits compared to the traditional administrative method of appointment. This article introduces a method of fuzzy assessment of project manager candidates. Fuzzy assessment unifies objective qualitative and quantitative appraisal and can be used for improving decision-making in the selection process.展开更多
Objective: To design a scientific, feasible caring training content for nurse managers. Methods: Training content came from review of literature;all the content were sorted out, analyzed, and compiled by the research ...Objective: To design a scientific, feasible caring training content for nurse managers. Methods: Training content came from review of literature;all the content were sorted out, analyzed, and compiled by the research team. Then, a Delphi method was used to collect opinions from experts on the caring training contents. Results: A 22-member multidisciplinary panel was engaged in a two-round Delphi process to assess the importance of the items and to identify any additional elements. Consensus was obtained on 23 items that belonged to four modules. There were 10 items related to caring knowledge and caring ability, six items related to caring leadership, three items related to caring education, and four items related to caring research. Conclusions: The four-module integrated training contents achieved in this study represented the core caring knowledge and skills that a nurse manager who worked in hospital needed to know. Nurse managers can choose any module to have a system learning according to their practical needs, totally or separately.展开更多
The impact of Chinese"family"culture is deeply rooted in Chinese family business.This kind of culture,which has its origination from the patriarchal relations of Confucian culture,affects the Chinese family ...The impact of Chinese"family"culture is deeply rooted in Chinese family business.This kind of culture,which has its origination from the patriarchal relations of Confucian culture,affects the Chinese family business at both positive and negative sides.When a professional manager,an outsider of the family,joins into the business and tries to help its development with his or her professional skills,the"family"culture may show its negative effects,hindering the role the professional manager should play.It is based on such consideration that we try to take the expectancy theory as a starting point and put forward the following suggestions:during the process of introducing professional managers,the private business should take full account of the attitudes and influences of family members into considerations,develop reasonable performance objectives and remuneration package with the professional manager,and achieve the purpose of effectively motivate professional managers to serve the enterprise by safeguarding the psychological contract between them.展开更多
This article identifies the role of library and information science (LIS) education in the development of community health information services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Preliminary findings are present...This article identifies the role of library and information science (LIS) education in the development of community health information services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Preliminary findings are presented from semi- structured qualitative interviews that were conducted with eleven directors and managers of local branches in the Knox County Public Library (KCPL) System that is located in the East Tennessee region in the United States. Select feedback reported by research participants is summarized in the article about strategies in LIS education that can help local public librarians and others in their efforts to become more responsive information providers to PLWHA. Research findings help better understand the issues and concerns regarding the development of digital and non-digital health information services for PLWHA in local public library institutions.展开更多
Background: The ability of managers of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) to prioritize health, working conditions, and their own physical fitness is an important issue for workplace health promotion in Norway and Sweden,...Background: The ability of managers of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) to prioritize health, working conditions, and their own physical fitness is an important issue for workplace health promotion in Norway and Sweden, where most owner-manager positions are in SSEs. Aim: To assess the physical fitness status of SSE managers compared to a norm population and to study changes in physical fitness status, self-reported physical activity, and sickness outcomes after workplace health interventions. Methods: The study allocated SSE managers to either an intervention or a reference group. The intervention, over twelve months, consisted of motivational input related to lifestyle and physical activity through tests and feedback, individual support, and courses on health and psychosocial working conditions. The participants (N = 28) completed health screening checks, questionnaires and testing before and after the intervention. Results: SSE managers in the study had positive outcomes for BMI levels and strength compared to the norm population, while percentage of fat for both men and women indicated poor results. There were no further improvements in the intervention group after comparison with the reference group. Separately, both groups seemed to improve strength and body composition. Conclusion: Workplace health interventions with essentially motivational components may increase SSE managers’ attention to physical fitness, but appear to have limited effects on objective and subjective physical fitness outcomes.展开更多
The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-mak...The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-making for managing this system;because preparing and providing health care services for society is very complex, and highly dependent on the information system. The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCIT standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of managers. This was a cross sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in two steps in all hospitals. In the first step, the applicability of the standards in hospitals was studied. In the second step, the current status of hospitals was compared with international standards MCIT. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, opinions of professors and experts were acquired. Regarding the reliability, the SPSS V. 12 calculated the value of Cronbach’s to be 0.95 for the first questionnaire and 0.86 for the second questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistic tests of one way ANOVA and t-test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.5. In the 16 hospitals studied, the mean and standard deviation of MCIT were (57.25 ± 13.74). The MCIT standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi according to half (49.4%) of managers;nonetheless, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.展开更多
Total Quality Management is not just an admirable phenomenon but it is any client’s right and can be done through contribution of the staff and the managers as well as the client’s of an organization. The purpose of...Total Quality Management is not just an admirable phenomenon but it is any client’s right and can be done through contribution of the staff and the managers as well as the client’s of an organization. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of TQM model and the attitude of the managers of health field of Yazd medical sciences university towards it. The present study was a descriptive and analytical one which was cross-section ally conducted from 2010 to 2011. The population under study consisted of the managers of the unit of staff vice-chancellor for health and treatment, the managers of health system and centers of cities and also the managers of Yazd’s public hospitals. 64 people were chosen using the formula for calculating the number of samples. A questionnaire with 48 questions was used. The questionnaire’s validity was approved by the faculty members whose major is management and its reliability by using α-cronbach 87%. To analyze the data, the software SPSS V.17 was used. Scoring method was based on likert. The findings of the study show that, considering feasibility of TQM, there is a significant relation between the awareness and attitude of the managers of health and treatment field on one side and the variables, age and University degree, on the other side p = 0.001. Considering binary logistic regression and the results obtained in the form of inter and backward stepwise, the most important factors affecting the feasibility of TQM among the managers of health and treatment field are the level of awareness and attitude with the predicted accuracy 79.3% and 87.9% respectively.展开更多
Unit nurse managers in Malawi experience many challenges in the course of performing their roles. This affects their performance and service delivery including the quality of nursing care to patients. This study was c...Unit nurse managers in Malawi experience many challenges in the course of performing their roles. This affects their performance and service delivery including the quality of nursing care to patients. This study was conducted to determine the factors that hindered performance of unit managers in relation to expected quality of nursing services at two referral facilities (Kamuzu and Queen Elizabeth Central hospitals) in Malawi. These two central hospitals have the same structural settings and both offer specialized tertiary health services. A quantitative descriptive design was used to guide the planning and implementation of the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the two major hospitals in Malawi and all available 37 unit nurse managers during the time of the study at the two hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires after seeking consent from the participants and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The major roles identified by the unit managers were supervision (75.6%, n = 28) and coordination (70.3%, n = 26). Other roles such as team leader, liaison officer, research allocator, monitor and facilitator were rated by very few participants. Findings of the study showed that performance of unit nurse managers was affected by inadequate material (86.4%, n = 32) and human resources (94.5%, n = 35) and lack of managerial skills (5.4%, n = 2). In addition, the unit managers perceived their role to be stressful (38.9%, n = 14) and challenging (47.2%, n = 17). Therefore, there is a need to provide adequate material and human resources to the wards of the two central hospitals to enable the unit managers perform their duties efficiently.展开更多
Nurse managers play a critical role in improving the work environment. Important leadership characteristics for nurse managers include visibility, accessibility, communication, recognition, and support. The nurse mana...Nurse managers play a critical role in improving the work environment. Important leadership characteristics for nurse managers include visibility, accessibility, communication, recognition, and support. The nurse manager’s recognition behaviors strongly influence the job satisfaction of staff nurses. In our previous study, we investigated how staff nurses perceived the nurse manager’s recognition behaviors and revealed that there was a divergence in practical approaches to these behaviors between the nurse manager and the staff. We assume that one factor causing this divergence could be perception gaps between the nurse manager and the staff. The aim of this study, therefore, was to uncover what types of perception gaps exist between the nurse manager and staff nurses and whether the background of staff nurses, such as years of experience or academic background, could affect the staff nurses’ perceptions. This quantitative, cross-sectional study involved 10 hospitals in Japan. A total of 1425 nurses completed the questionnaire. The results showed that staff nurses considered “Respect job schedule preferences” to be the most important of the recognition behaviors. In contrast, nurse managers gave “Nurse manager meets with the staff nurses to discuss patient care and unit management” the highest score for importance. Four factors (marriage status, age, years of clinical experience, and training background) affected the professional awareness of recognition behaviors. Our results suggest that nurse managers need to consider these factors when they conduct recognition behaviors.展开更多
A successful construction project hinges on the effective and efficient management of human resources. The stress of human resources is directly related with work performance, and as such, should be managed to improve...A successful construction project hinges on the effective and efficient management of human resources. The stress of human resources is directly related with work performance, and as such, should be managed to improve work performance. This study aims to perform a comparative analysis of job stress levels after a survey on the job stress of field managers and workers. Through the analysis, it is found that the stress levels of field managers are different from those of the workers and construction field managers and workers get job stress scores less than average scores of Korean male workers. In addition, different personal factors affect the field managers and the workers differently. Therefore, understanding by which factor the other parties become stressed is expected to improve efficiency in the management of human resources.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into nurse managers’ stress experiences and coping strategies in order to better support them. Design: A qualitative exploratory descriptive research design wa...Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into nurse managers’ stress experiences and coping strategies in order to better support them. Design: A qualitative exploratory descriptive research design was used in this study. Subject: Fifteen nurse managers participated in this study. Results: Three descriptive themes related to nurse managers’ occupational stress were identified: role overload, loneliness, and role conflict. We also identified three descriptive themes that contributed to their stress management: sufficient support and advice, taking mental breaks while off duty, and individual coping strategies. Conclusions: Our study proposes two recommendations to reduce nurse managers’ stress. First, for nurse managers who experience work overload, hospitals should support them in learning how to work efficiently and how to manage their response to work demands. Second, nurse managers’ primary stressors were loneliness and role conflict. Nurse managers are known to juggle multiple demands from the hospital nursing director and staff nurses. Although it is difficult to eliminate the role conflict, nurse managers should be guided on how to manage conflicting demands, the hospital nursing director and staff nurses.展开更多
Similar to any other discipline/field, management skills are important in perinatal nursing/medicine. What kinds of management skills are required/important currently and also in the future? The view for this might be...Similar to any other discipline/field, management skills are important in perinatal nursing/medicine. What kinds of management skills are required/important currently and also in the future? The view for this might be different according to the present position of midwives. We here attempted to determine this;we divided study population into three (head nurses, assistant head nurses and advanced midwives). A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted for 1652 advanced midwives in hospitals in Japan during 2018 and 2019. Scores in 8 items showed significant differences among the three groups. The skill with the largest difference among the three groups was the ability to participate in and provide support for social activity. Although higher levels of management skills will be required for nursing managers in the next generation, the levels differ depending on current working positions in advanced midwives.展开更多
In the 21st century every manager in making requires a unique balance in personal, professional, family and social life so that he/she can enjoy and motivate himself to make others happy around him or her. The ego pla...In the 21st century every manager in making requires a unique balance in personal, professional, family and social life so that he/she can enjoy and motivate himself to make others happy around him or her. The ego plays a major role in our life. Practicing Zen in management takes the manager to a level of egolessness. Zen finds its source in the experience of Shakyamuni Buddha, who in the process of enlightenment came across the elements of mindfulness and concentration--The noble eightfold path. These are key elements of success for the ＂managers in making＂. The purpose of this paper consists in rethinking today＇s management systems in order to look for ways of management which are better adapted to human life. It is assumed that a management practice which takes into consideration of the characteristics of human life must be accepted by a large number of people and would be effective and sustainable. This paper highlights the eight elements of＂The noble eightfold path＂ and its effective implications in management for the ＂managers in making＂ process--A guide towards success.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to describe the conflict management styles and identify factors affecting the conflict management styles of nurse managers.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by inte...Objective:This study aimed to describe the conflict management styles and identify factors affecting the conflict management styles of nurse managers.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing nurse managers with a questionnaire,including the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II Form B,used to assess an individual’s approach to conflict management across five styles:cooperating,competing,compromising,obliging,and avoiding.Results:A total of 30 nurse managers participated in this study.The mean scores of the cooperating style were the highest at 4.3±0.4,followed by a compromising style at 3.4±0.5,an avoiding style at 3.1±0.6,an accommodating style at 2.9±0.7,and a competing style at 2.8±0.8(χ^(2)=66.624,P<0.001).The mean scores for avoiding style among bachelor’s degree nurse managers(3.2±0.6)were higher than those of master’s degree nurse managers(2.7±0.6)(P=0.036).Nurse managers over 40 years old,holding a managerial position for≥10 years,and frequent conflict handling rated higher mean scores for the cooperating style than their counterparts(P<0.05).Conclusion:The cooperating style was the most commonly used conflict management style among nurse managers.Factors affecting the conflict management style were age,education level,and experience in management and conflict handling.These findings are useful for developing interventions that enhance the competencies of nurse managers in conflict management.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32494793).
文摘Cellulose frameworks have emerged as promising materials for light management due to their exceptional light-scattering capabilities and sustainable nature.Conventional biomass-derived cellulose frameworks face a fundamental trade-off between haze and transparency,coupled with impractical thicknesses(≥1 mm).Inspired by squid’s skin-peeling mechanism,this work develops a peroxyformic acid(HCOOOH)-enabled precision peeling strategy to isolate intact 10-μm-thick bamboo green(BG)frameworks—100×thinner than wood-based counterparts while achieving an unprecedented optical performance(88%haze with 80%transparency).This performance surpasses delignified biomass(transparency<40%at 1 mm)and matches engineered cellulose composites,yet requires no energy-intensive nanofibrillation.The preserved native cellulose I crystalline structure(64.76%crystallinity)and wax-coated uniaxial fibril alignment(Hermans factor:0.23)contribute to high mechanical strength(903 MPa modulus)and broadband light scattering.As a light-management layer in polycrystalline silicon solar cells,the BG framework boosts photoelectric conversion efficiency by 0.41%absolute(18.74%→19.15%),outperforming synthetic anti-reflective coatings.The work establishes a scalable,waste-to-wealth route for optical-grade cellulose materials in next-generation optoelectronics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62374029,22175029,62474033,and W2433038)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20220550)+2 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0250)the Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Committee(JCYJ20210324135614040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.ZYGX2022J032).
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,heat accumulation under continuous illumination remains a critical bottleneck,severely affecting device stability and long-term operational performance.Herein,we present a multifunctional strategy by incorporating highly thermally conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) MXene nanosheets into the perovskite layer to simultaneously enhance thermal management and optoelectronic properties.The Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) nanosheets,embedded at perovskite grain boundaries,construct efficient thermal conduction pathways,significantly improving the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the film.This leads to a notable reduction in the device’s steady-state operating temperature from 42.96 to 39.97 under 100 mW cm^(−2) illumination,thereby alleviating heat-induced performance degradation.Beyond thermal regulation,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X),with high conductivity and negatively charged surface terminations,also serves as an effective defect passivation agent,reducing trap-assisted recombination,while simultaneously facilitating charge extraction and transport by optimizing interfacial energy alignment.As a result,the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC achieve a champion PCE of 25.13%and exhibit outstanding thermal stability,retaining 80%of the initial PCE after 500 h of thermal aging at 85 and 30±5%relative humidity.(In contrast,control PSC retain only 58%after 200 h.)Moreover,under continuous maximum power point tracking in N2 atmosphere,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC retained 70%of the initial PCE after 500 h,whereas the control PSC drop sharply to 20%.These findings highlight the synergistic role of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) in thermal management and optoelectronic performance,paving the way for the development of high-efficiency and heat-resistant perovskite photovoltaics.
基金supported by the project“Romanian Hub for Artificial Intelligence-HRIA”,Smart Growth,Digitization and Financial Instruments Program,2021–2027,MySMIS No.334906.
文摘Objective expertise evaluation of individuals,as a prerequisite stage for team formation,has been a long-term desideratum in large software development companies.With the rapid advancements in machine learning methods,based on reliable existing data stored in project management tools’datasets,automating this evaluation process becomes a natural step forward.In this context,our approach focuses on quantifying software developer expertise by using metadata from the task-tracking systems.For this,we mathematically formalize two categories of expertise:technology-specific expertise,which denotes the skills required for a particular technology,and general expertise,which encapsulates overall knowledge in the software industry.Afterward,we automatically classify the zones of expertise associated with each task a developer has worked on using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)-like transformers to handle the unique characteristics of project tool datasets effectively.Finally,our method evaluates the proficiency of each software specialist across already completed projects from both technology-specific and general perspectives.The method was experimentally validated,yielding promising results.
基金The researchers would like to thank the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University for financial support(QU-APC-2025)。
文摘The evolution of cities into digitally managed environments requires computational systems that can operate in real time while supporting predictive and adaptive infrastructure management.Earlier approaches have often advanced one dimension—such as Internet of Things(IoT)-based data acquisition,Artificial Intelligence(AI)-driven analytics,or digital twin visualization—without fully integrating these strands into a single operational loop.As a result,many existing solutions encounter bottlenecks in responsiveness,interoperability,and scalability,while also leaving concerns about data privacy unresolved.This research introduces a hybrid AI–IoT–Digital Twin framework that combines continuous sensing,distributed intelligence,and simulation-based decision support.The design incorporates multi-source sensor data,lightweight edge inference through Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)and Long ShortTerm Memory(LSTM)models,and federated learning enhanced with secure aggregation and differential privacy to maintain confidentiality.A digital twin layer extends these capabilities by simulating city assets such as traffic flows and water networks,generating what-if scenarios,and issuing actionable control signals.Complementary modules,including model compression and synchronization protocols,are embedded to ensure reliability in bandwidth-constrained and heterogeneous urban environments.The framework is validated in two urban domains:traffic management,where it adapts signal cycles based on real-time congestion patterns,and pipeline monitoring,where it anticipates leaks through pressure and vibration data.Experimental results show a 28%reduction in response time,a 35%decrease in maintenance costs,and a marked reduction in false positives relative to conventional baselines.The architecture also demonstrates stability across 50+edge devices under federated training and resilience to uneven node participation.The proposed system provides a scalable and privacy-aware foundation for predictive urban infrastructure management.By closing the loop between sensing,learning,and control,it reduces operator dependence,enhances resource efficiency,and supports transparent governance models for emerging smart cities.
文摘Open competition is a new form of the assessment of candidates and selection of project managers. This has many merits compared to the traditional administrative method of appointment. This article introduces a method of fuzzy assessment of project manager candidates. Fuzzy assessment unifies objective qualitative and quantitative appraisal and can be used for improving decision-making in the selection process.
文摘Objective: To design a scientific, feasible caring training content for nurse managers. Methods: Training content came from review of literature;all the content were sorted out, analyzed, and compiled by the research team. Then, a Delphi method was used to collect opinions from experts on the caring training contents. Results: A 22-member multidisciplinary panel was engaged in a two-round Delphi process to assess the importance of the items and to identify any additional elements. Consensus was obtained on 23 items that belonged to four modules. There were 10 items related to caring knowledge and caring ability, six items related to caring leadership, three items related to caring education, and four items related to caring research. Conclusions: The four-module integrated training contents achieved in this study represented the core caring knowledge and skills that a nurse manager who worked in hospital needed to know. Nurse managers can choose any module to have a system learning according to their practical needs, totally or separately.
文摘The impact of Chinese"family"culture is deeply rooted in Chinese family business.This kind of culture,which has its origination from the patriarchal relations of Confucian culture,affects the Chinese family business at both positive and negative sides.When a professional manager,an outsider of the family,joins into the business and tries to help its development with his or her professional skills,the"family"culture may show its negative effects,hindering the role the professional manager should play.It is based on such consideration that we try to take the expectancy theory as a starting point and put forward the following suggestions:during the process of introducing professional managers,the private business should take full account of the attitudes and influences of family members into considerations,develop reasonable performance objectives and remuneration package with the professional manager,and achieve the purpose of effectively motivate professional managers to serve the enterprise by safeguarding the psychological contract between them.
文摘This article identifies the role of library and information science (LIS) education in the development of community health information services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Preliminary findings are presented from semi- structured qualitative interviews that were conducted with eleven directors and managers of local branches in the Knox County Public Library (KCPL) System that is located in the East Tennessee region in the United States. Select feedback reported by research participants is summarized in the article about strategies in LIS education that can help local public librarians and others in their efforts to become more responsive information providers to PLWHA. Research findings help better understand the issues and concerns regarding the development of digital and non-digital health information services for PLWHA in local public library institutions.
文摘Background: The ability of managers of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) to prioritize health, working conditions, and their own physical fitness is an important issue for workplace health promotion in Norway and Sweden, where most owner-manager positions are in SSEs. Aim: To assess the physical fitness status of SSE managers compared to a norm population and to study changes in physical fitness status, self-reported physical activity, and sickness outcomes after workplace health interventions. Methods: The study allocated SSE managers to either an intervention or a reference group. The intervention, over twelve months, consisted of motivational input related to lifestyle and physical activity through tests and feedback, individual support, and courses on health and psychosocial working conditions. The participants (N = 28) completed health screening checks, questionnaires and testing before and after the intervention. Results: SSE managers in the study had positive outcomes for BMI levels and strength compared to the norm population, while percentage of fat for both men and women indicated poor results. There were no further improvements in the intervention group after comparison with the reference group. Separately, both groups seemed to improve strength and body composition. Conclusion: Workplace health interventions with essentially motivational components may increase SSE managers’ attention to physical fitness, but appear to have limited effects on objective and subjective physical fitness outcomes.
文摘The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-making for managing this system;because preparing and providing health care services for society is very complex, and highly dependent on the information system. The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCIT standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of managers. This was a cross sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in two steps in all hospitals. In the first step, the applicability of the standards in hospitals was studied. In the second step, the current status of hospitals was compared with international standards MCIT. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, opinions of professors and experts were acquired. Regarding the reliability, the SPSS V. 12 calculated the value of Cronbach’s to be 0.95 for the first questionnaire and 0.86 for the second questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistic tests of one way ANOVA and t-test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.5. In the 16 hospitals studied, the mean and standard deviation of MCIT were (57.25 ± 13.74). The MCIT standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi according to half (49.4%) of managers;nonetheless, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.
文摘Total Quality Management is not just an admirable phenomenon but it is any client’s right and can be done through contribution of the staff and the managers as well as the client’s of an organization. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of TQM model and the attitude of the managers of health field of Yazd medical sciences university towards it. The present study was a descriptive and analytical one which was cross-section ally conducted from 2010 to 2011. The population under study consisted of the managers of the unit of staff vice-chancellor for health and treatment, the managers of health system and centers of cities and also the managers of Yazd’s public hospitals. 64 people were chosen using the formula for calculating the number of samples. A questionnaire with 48 questions was used. The questionnaire’s validity was approved by the faculty members whose major is management and its reliability by using α-cronbach 87%. To analyze the data, the software SPSS V.17 was used. Scoring method was based on likert. The findings of the study show that, considering feasibility of TQM, there is a significant relation between the awareness and attitude of the managers of health and treatment field on one side and the variables, age and University degree, on the other side p = 0.001. Considering binary logistic regression and the results obtained in the form of inter and backward stepwise, the most important factors affecting the feasibility of TQM among the managers of health and treatment field are the level of awareness and attitude with the predicted accuracy 79.3% and 87.9% respectively.
文摘Unit nurse managers in Malawi experience many challenges in the course of performing their roles. This affects their performance and service delivery including the quality of nursing care to patients. This study was conducted to determine the factors that hindered performance of unit managers in relation to expected quality of nursing services at two referral facilities (Kamuzu and Queen Elizabeth Central hospitals) in Malawi. These two central hospitals have the same structural settings and both offer specialized tertiary health services. A quantitative descriptive design was used to guide the planning and implementation of the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the two major hospitals in Malawi and all available 37 unit nurse managers during the time of the study at the two hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires after seeking consent from the participants and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The major roles identified by the unit managers were supervision (75.6%, n = 28) and coordination (70.3%, n = 26). Other roles such as team leader, liaison officer, research allocator, monitor and facilitator were rated by very few participants. Findings of the study showed that performance of unit nurse managers was affected by inadequate material (86.4%, n = 32) and human resources (94.5%, n = 35) and lack of managerial skills (5.4%, n = 2). In addition, the unit managers perceived their role to be stressful (38.9%, n = 14) and challenging (47.2%, n = 17). Therefore, there is a need to provide adequate material and human resources to the wards of the two central hospitals to enable the unit managers perform their duties efficiently.
文摘Nurse managers play a critical role in improving the work environment. Important leadership characteristics for nurse managers include visibility, accessibility, communication, recognition, and support. The nurse manager’s recognition behaviors strongly influence the job satisfaction of staff nurses. In our previous study, we investigated how staff nurses perceived the nurse manager’s recognition behaviors and revealed that there was a divergence in practical approaches to these behaviors between the nurse manager and the staff. We assume that one factor causing this divergence could be perception gaps between the nurse manager and the staff. The aim of this study, therefore, was to uncover what types of perception gaps exist between the nurse manager and staff nurses and whether the background of staff nurses, such as years of experience or academic background, could affect the staff nurses’ perceptions. This quantitative, cross-sectional study involved 10 hospitals in Japan. A total of 1425 nurses completed the questionnaire. The results showed that staff nurses considered “Respect job schedule preferences” to be the most important of the recognition behaviors. In contrast, nurse managers gave “Nurse manager meets with the staff nurses to discuss patient care and unit management” the highest score for importance. Four factors (marriage status, age, years of clinical experience, and training background) affected the professional awareness of recognition behaviors. Our results suggest that nurse managers need to consider these factors when they conduct recognition behaviors.
文摘A successful construction project hinges on the effective and efficient management of human resources. The stress of human resources is directly related with work performance, and as such, should be managed to improve work performance. This study aims to perform a comparative analysis of job stress levels after a survey on the job stress of field managers and workers. Through the analysis, it is found that the stress levels of field managers are different from those of the workers and construction field managers and workers get job stress scores less than average scores of Korean male workers. In addition, different personal factors affect the field managers and the workers differently. Therefore, understanding by which factor the other parties become stressed is expected to improve efficiency in the management of human resources.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into nurse managers’ stress experiences and coping strategies in order to better support them. Design: A qualitative exploratory descriptive research design was used in this study. Subject: Fifteen nurse managers participated in this study. Results: Three descriptive themes related to nurse managers’ occupational stress were identified: role overload, loneliness, and role conflict. We also identified three descriptive themes that contributed to their stress management: sufficient support and advice, taking mental breaks while off duty, and individual coping strategies. Conclusions: Our study proposes two recommendations to reduce nurse managers’ stress. First, for nurse managers who experience work overload, hospitals should support them in learning how to work efficiently and how to manage their response to work demands. Second, nurse managers’ primary stressors were loneliness and role conflict. Nurse managers are known to juggle multiple demands from the hospital nursing director and staff nurses. Although it is difficult to eliminate the role conflict, nurse managers should be guided on how to manage conflicting demands, the hospital nursing director and staff nurses.
文摘Similar to any other discipline/field, management skills are important in perinatal nursing/medicine. What kinds of management skills are required/important currently and also in the future? The view for this might be different according to the present position of midwives. We here attempted to determine this;we divided study population into three (head nurses, assistant head nurses and advanced midwives). A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted for 1652 advanced midwives in hospitals in Japan during 2018 and 2019. Scores in 8 items showed significant differences among the three groups. The skill with the largest difference among the three groups was the ability to participate in and provide support for social activity. Although higher levels of management skills will be required for nursing managers in the next generation, the levels differ depending on current working positions in advanced midwives.
文摘In the 21st century every manager in making requires a unique balance in personal, professional, family and social life so that he/she can enjoy and motivate himself to make others happy around him or her. The ego plays a major role in our life. Practicing Zen in management takes the manager to a level of egolessness. Zen finds its source in the experience of Shakyamuni Buddha, who in the process of enlightenment came across the elements of mindfulness and concentration--The noble eightfold path. These are key elements of success for the ＂managers in making＂. The purpose of this paper consists in rethinking today＇s management systems in order to look for ways of management which are better adapted to human life. It is assumed that a management practice which takes into consideration of the characteristics of human life must be accepted by a large number of people and would be effective and sustainable. This paper highlights the eight elements of＂The noble eightfold path＂ and its effective implications in management for the ＂managers in making＂ process--A guide towards success.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to describe the conflict management styles and identify factors affecting the conflict management styles of nurse managers.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing nurse managers with a questionnaire,including the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II Form B,used to assess an individual’s approach to conflict management across five styles:cooperating,competing,compromising,obliging,and avoiding.Results:A total of 30 nurse managers participated in this study.The mean scores of the cooperating style were the highest at 4.3±0.4,followed by a compromising style at 3.4±0.5,an avoiding style at 3.1±0.6,an accommodating style at 2.9±0.7,and a competing style at 2.8±0.8(χ^(2)=66.624,P<0.001).The mean scores for avoiding style among bachelor’s degree nurse managers(3.2±0.6)were higher than those of master’s degree nurse managers(2.7±0.6)(P=0.036).Nurse managers over 40 years old,holding a managerial position for≥10 years,and frequent conflict handling rated higher mean scores for the cooperating style than their counterparts(P<0.05).Conclusion:The cooperating style was the most commonly used conflict management style among nurse managers.Factors affecting the conflict management style were age,education level,and experience in management and conflict handling.These findings are useful for developing interventions that enhance the competencies of nurse managers in conflict management.
