Nomilin is a type of limonoid primarily found in citrus fruits.It is a triterpenoid compound that has gained significant attention recently due to its diverse biological activities.This review summarizes the methods o...Nomilin is a type of limonoid primarily found in citrus fruits.It is a triterpenoid compound that has gained significant attention recently due to its diverse biological activities.This review summarizes the methods of extraction and the biological activities of nomilin.Various extraction techniques,including traditional solvent extraction,ultrasonic-assisted extraction,and supercritical fluid extraction,have been applied for its separation and purification.Among these,supercritical fluid extraction has shown great potential due to its efficiency and environmental benefits.Regarding biological activities,studies have demonstrated that nomilin shows anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anti-obesity,and blood glucose-regulating properties.Specific mechanisms include inhibition of cancer cell proliferation through modulation of cell signaling pathways,suppression of inflammatory responses,delay of aging through radical scavenging,and improvement of metabolic syndrome via modulation of metabolic pathways.Moreover,the potential applications of nomilin in food,medicine,and healthcare products have been extensively discussed.In conclusion,nomilin,as a natural compound,presents multiple potential health benefits,and further advancements in its extraction methods and bioactivity research will support its practical applications.展开更多
Objective Nomilin and obacunone are two important limonoids that are well known for their anticancer effect. Previous studies showed that limonoids had inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 3A4（CYP3A4）. However these...Objective Nomilin and obacunone are two important limonoids that are well known for their anticancer effect. Previous studies showed that limonoids had inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 3A4（CYP3A4）. However these effects are inconclusive with regards to prediction of potential drug interactions. Methods Nomilin or obacunone was pre-incubated with HLMs for 30 min. Following 10-fold dilution from the pre-incubation concentration, a second incubation was performed in the presence of NADPH and cytochrome P450 substrates for 15 min. The reaction was quenched and the supernatants were analyzed by chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results In this study, nomilin and obacunone showed potent inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 with the IC_（50） values of 3.50 and 6.08 μmol/L, respectively. The inhibition of CYP3A4 was in a time-, concentration-and NADPH-dependent manner with Ki values of 2.92 and 1.25 μmol/L and Kinact values of 0.033 and 0.078 min^（-1） for nomilin and obacunone respectively. These results elucidated that they were time-dependent inhibitors for CYP3A4. Conclusion Concomitant use of limonoids and other drugs may call for extra caution for purposes of clinical safety.展开更多
基金supported by National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center for College Students(CSIE)of China(2023010011520240200032)+1 种基金Hubei University of Technology Graduate Innovation ProgramHubei Provincial Science and Technology Personnel Service Enterprise Project(2024DJC019).
文摘Nomilin is a type of limonoid primarily found in citrus fruits.It is a triterpenoid compound that has gained significant attention recently due to its diverse biological activities.This review summarizes the methods of extraction and the biological activities of nomilin.Various extraction techniques,including traditional solvent extraction,ultrasonic-assisted extraction,and supercritical fluid extraction,have been applied for its separation and purification.Among these,supercritical fluid extraction has shown great potential due to its efficiency and environmental benefits.Regarding biological activities,studies have demonstrated that nomilin shows anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anti-obesity,and blood glucose-regulating properties.Specific mechanisms include inhibition of cancer cell proliferation through modulation of cell signaling pathways,suppression of inflammatory responses,delay of aging through radical scavenging,and improvement of metabolic syndrome via modulation of metabolic pathways.Moreover,the potential applications of nomilin in food,medicine,and healthcare products have been extensively discussed.In conclusion,nomilin,as a natural compound,presents multiple potential health benefits,and further advancements in its extraction methods and bioactivity research will support its practical applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373890 and 81430096)National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFE0121400)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT_14R41)
文摘Objective Nomilin and obacunone are two important limonoids that are well known for their anticancer effect. Previous studies showed that limonoids had inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 3A4（CYP3A4）. However these effects are inconclusive with regards to prediction of potential drug interactions. Methods Nomilin or obacunone was pre-incubated with HLMs for 30 min. Following 10-fold dilution from the pre-incubation concentration, a second incubation was performed in the presence of NADPH and cytochrome P450 substrates for 15 min. The reaction was quenched and the supernatants were analyzed by chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results In this study, nomilin and obacunone showed potent inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 with the IC_（50） values of 3.50 and 6.08 μmol/L, respectively. The inhibition of CYP3A4 was in a time-, concentration-and NADPH-dependent manner with Ki values of 2.92 and 1.25 μmol/L and Kinact values of 0.033 and 0.078 min^（-1） for nomilin and obacunone respectively. These results elucidated that they were time-dependent inhibitors for CYP3A4. Conclusion Concomitant use of limonoids and other drugs may call for extra caution for purposes of clinical safety.
