The emergence of nodding syndrome (NS) in Northern Uganda has generated controversial views with respect to patterns, natural history, and aetiology of the disease which is yet unknown. This study explored spatial pat...The emergence of nodding syndrome (NS) in Northern Uganda has generated controversial views with respect to patterns, natural history, and aetiology of the disease which is yet unknown. This study explored spatial patterns of NS using spatial-temporal methods to establish its clustering patterns across both space and time. Village and year of NS onset for individual patients between the years 1990 and 2014 were entered as input for spatial and temporal analysis in the 6 districts in northern Uganda where it is prevalent. Our temporal results showed that NS onset started before the population was moved in Internally Displaced People’s (IDPs) camps. It also shows that NS continued to be reported during the IDPs and after people had left the IDPs. Our spatial and spatiotemporal analysis showed that two periods had persistent NS clusters. These were 2000-2004 and 2010-2014, coinciding with the period when the population was in the IDP camps and when the population was already out of the camps, respectively. Our conclusion is that the view of associating NS outbreak with living conditions in IDP camps is thus coincidental. We, therefore, contend that the actual aetiological factor of NS is still at large.展开更多
Nel Noddings’ethics of care is an important lineage of Western moral education thought,which contains deep humanistic values.Service-learning advocates the equal importance of service and learning,and emphasizes more...Nel Noddings’ethics of care is an important lineage of Western moral education thought,which contains deep humanistic values.Service-learning advocates the equal importance of service and learning,and emphasizes more on the discovery of educational connotations in practice.Based on the social background of aging,this paper takes the“Care for the Elderly”service-learning program as an example,attempts to take the care ethics as the entry point,adopts interviews,questionnaires,and other research methods,and opens-up the service-learning practice path under the threshold of Nel Noddings’care education theory.展开更多
目的探讨高血压性脑出血(hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH)术后肺部感染患者血清肝素结合蛋白(heparin-binding protein,HBP)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(Nod-like receptor heat protein domainrelated protein 3,NL...目的探讨高血压性脑出血(hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH)术后肺部感染患者血清肝素结合蛋白(heparin-binding protein,HBP)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(Nod-like receptor heat protein domainrelated protein 3,NLRP3)及肽素的表达及与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析128例接受手术治疗的HICH患者临床资料,根据患者是否合并术后肺部感染分为感染组(n=31)与未感染组(n=97),分析两组血清HBP、NLRP3及肽素水平变化情况。依据格拉斯哥预后量表(Glasgow outcome scale,GOS)评分,分为预后良好组(GOS≥4分,n=113),预后不良组(GOS≤3分,n=15),分析前述指标与预后的关系。结果感染组患者血清HBP、NLRP3及肽素水平显著高于未感染组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。预后不良组血清HBP、NLRP3及肽素水平显著高于预后良好组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。经单因素筛选与多因素分析显示:与不良预后相关的因素有格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)评分、HBP、NLRP3和肽素(均P<0.1)。三种血清标志物经校正混杂因素后,与不良预后相关的OR值:HBP为0.671(95%CI:0.484~0.930,P=0.017),NLRP3为1.210(95%CI:1.072~1.367,P=0.002),肽素为3.407(95%CI:1.474~7.876,P=0.004),三种血清标志物对于不良预后的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC):HBP为0.870(95%CI:0.805~0.936),NLRP3为0.886(95%CI:0.762~1.000),肽素为0.886(95%CI:0.814~0.959)。结论血清HBP、NLRP3及肽素在HICH术后肺部感染患者水平高于无肺部感染者。三种血清学标志物对HICH术后不良预后有较好预测能力,可能是预测HICH术后不良结局的有效生物标志物。展开更多
文摘The emergence of nodding syndrome (NS) in Northern Uganda has generated controversial views with respect to patterns, natural history, and aetiology of the disease which is yet unknown. This study explored spatial patterns of NS using spatial-temporal methods to establish its clustering patterns across both space and time. Village and year of NS onset for individual patients between the years 1990 and 2014 were entered as input for spatial and temporal analysis in the 6 districts in northern Uganda where it is prevalent. Our temporal results showed that NS onset started before the population was moved in Internally Displaced People’s (IDPs) camps. It also shows that NS continued to be reported during the IDPs and after people had left the IDPs. Our spatial and spatiotemporal analysis showed that two periods had persistent NS clusters. These were 2000-2004 and 2010-2014, coinciding with the period when the population was in the IDP camps and when the population was already out of the camps, respectively. Our conclusion is that the view of associating NS outbreak with living conditions in IDP camps is thus coincidental. We, therefore, contend that the actual aetiological factor of NS is still at large.
文摘Nel Noddings’ethics of care is an important lineage of Western moral education thought,which contains deep humanistic values.Service-learning advocates the equal importance of service and learning,and emphasizes more on the discovery of educational connotations in practice.Based on the social background of aging,this paper takes the“Care for the Elderly”service-learning program as an example,attempts to take the care ethics as the entry point,adopts interviews,questionnaires,and other research methods,and opens-up the service-learning practice path under the threshold of Nel Noddings’care education theory.
文摘目的探讨高血压性脑出血(hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH)术后肺部感染患者血清肝素结合蛋白(heparin-binding protein,HBP)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(Nod-like receptor heat protein domainrelated protein 3,NLRP3)及肽素的表达及与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析128例接受手术治疗的HICH患者临床资料,根据患者是否合并术后肺部感染分为感染组(n=31)与未感染组(n=97),分析两组血清HBP、NLRP3及肽素水平变化情况。依据格拉斯哥预后量表(Glasgow outcome scale,GOS)评分,分为预后良好组(GOS≥4分,n=113),预后不良组(GOS≤3分,n=15),分析前述指标与预后的关系。结果感染组患者血清HBP、NLRP3及肽素水平显著高于未感染组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。预后不良组血清HBP、NLRP3及肽素水平显著高于预后良好组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。经单因素筛选与多因素分析显示:与不良预后相关的因素有格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)评分、HBP、NLRP3和肽素(均P<0.1)。三种血清标志物经校正混杂因素后,与不良预后相关的OR值:HBP为0.671(95%CI:0.484~0.930,P=0.017),NLRP3为1.210(95%CI:1.072~1.367,P=0.002),肽素为3.407(95%CI:1.474~7.876,P=0.004),三种血清标志物对于不良预后的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC):HBP为0.870(95%CI:0.805~0.936),NLRP3为0.886(95%CI:0.762~1.000),肽素为0.886(95%CI:0.814~0.959)。结论血清HBP、NLRP3及肽素在HICH术后肺部感染患者水平高于无肺部感染者。三种血清学标志物对HICH术后不良预后有较好预测能力,可能是预测HICH术后不良结局的有效生物标志物。
