It is well known that land use has an important impact on surface energy partition. It is important to study the evolving trend of the partition of sensible heat flux （SHF） and latent heat flux （LHF） from the net ...It is well known that land use has an important impact on surface energy partition. It is important to study the evolving trend of the partition of sensible heat flux （SHF） and latent heat flux （LHF） from the net radiance （NR） with land use change in the context of regional climate changes. In this paper, we studied the response of energy partition to land use using the Noah model. First, the Noah model simulation results of SHF and LHF between 2003 and 2005 were comprehensively validated using the observation data from the Changbai Mountain Station, the Xilinhot Station, and the Yucheng Station. The study domains represent three different types of land use change： excessive deforestation, grassland degeneration aggravation, and groundwater level decline, respectively. The study period was subsequently extended from 2015 through 2034, using four projected land use maps and forcing data from Princeton （2000-2004）. The simulation results show that during the land use conversions, the annual average of LHF drops by 10.7%, rises by 10.1%, and drops by 11.5% for the Changbai Mountain, Inner Mongolia, and Northern China stations, respectively while the annual average of SHF rises by 10.6%, drops by 10.1%, and drops by 11.3% for the three areas.展开更多
通过中亚费尔干纳盆地2007~2011年气候的模拟试验,揭示了新增农田灌溉过程与更新土壤参数对WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)/Noah模式模拟精度的提升作用。通过对比标准版本与嵌入灌溉过程参数化方案后的WRF/Noah模式的模拟结果...通过中亚费尔干纳盆地2007~2011年气候的模拟试验,揭示了新增农田灌溉过程与更新土壤参数对WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)/Noah模式模拟精度的提升作用。通过对比标准版本与嵌入灌溉过程参数化方案后的WRF/Noah模式的模拟结果,研究发现农业灌溉提升了土壤含水量,导致地表蒸发增强,潜热增加,感热减少,致使近地层大气降温、增湿,这一效应降低了WRF/Noah模拟的暖、干偏差,模拟2 m气温和大气比湿均方根误差分别由6.52℃降低至5.81℃,由1.66 g/kg降低至1.13 g/kg。进而针对WRF默认配置的费尔干纳盆地内土壤数据精度欠佳的问题,再利用国际土壤参比与信息中心(ISRIC)数据(主要是粉砂粘壤土和粉砂壤土)替换了WRF默认的数据(主要是粘土和壤土),降低了土壤凋萎系数,使得有效土壤水增多,缩小了灌溉需水量的模拟误差,并使得蒸散发进一步增强,潜热增多,感热减少,导致近地层降温、增湿,进一步降低了WRF/Noah模拟的暖、干偏差,模拟温度、湿度的均方根误差分别由5.81℃降低至5.46℃,由1.13 g/kg降低至1.08 g/kg。上述结果表明:充分农业灌溉对陆面过程产生影响,以及采用高精度的土壤数据能够显著提高WRF/Noah模式在中亚费尔干纳盆地的模拟精度。展开更多
利用NOAH(The Community Noah Land Surface Model)、SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)和CLM(Community Land Model)3个不同的陆面过程模式及兰州大学(Semi-Arid Climate Observatory and Laboratory,SACOL)2007年的观测资料,对黄土...利用NOAH(The Community Noah Land Surface Model)、SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)和CLM(Community Land Model)3个不同的陆面过程模式及兰州大学(Semi-Arid Climate Observatory and Laboratory,SACOL)2007年的观测资料,对黄土高原半干旱区的陆面过程进行了模拟研究。通过与观测值间的对比,考察不同陆面过程模式在半干旱区的适用性。研究结果表明:3个模式在半干旱区的模拟性能有较大差异。其中,CLM模式模拟的20 cm以上的浅层土壤温度最优,SHAW模式模拟的深层土壤温度最优;SHAW模式模拟的土壤含水量与观测值最为接近,而NOAH和CLM模式模拟值有较大偏差;3个模式均能较好地模拟地表反射辐射,其中SHAW模式模拟值与观测值的偏差最小;对地表长波辐射的模拟,CLM模式的模拟最优;3个模式均能较好地反映感热、潜热通量的变化趋势,其中CLM模式对感热的模拟性能优于其他两个模式,在有降水发生后的湿润条件下,CLM模式对潜热的模拟性能最优,而无降水的干燥条件下,CLM模式的模拟偏差最大,NOAH模式对冬季潜热的模拟最优。总体而言,CLM模式能够更好地再现半干旱区地气之间的相互作用,但模式对土壤含水量及干燥条件下的潜热通量的模拟较差,模式对半干旱区陆气间的水文过程还有待进一步的研究和改进。展开更多
文摘It is well known that land use has an important impact on surface energy partition. It is important to study the evolving trend of the partition of sensible heat flux （SHF） and latent heat flux （LHF） from the net radiance （NR） with land use change in the context of regional climate changes. In this paper, we studied the response of energy partition to land use using the Noah model. First, the Noah model simulation results of SHF and LHF between 2003 and 2005 were comprehensively validated using the observation data from the Changbai Mountain Station, the Xilinhot Station, and the Yucheng Station. The study domains represent three different types of land use change： excessive deforestation, grassland degeneration aggravation, and groundwater level decline, respectively. The study period was subsequently extended from 2015 through 2034, using four projected land use maps and forcing data from Princeton （2000-2004）. The simulation results show that during the land use conversions, the annual average of LHF drops by 10.7%, rises by 10.1%, and drops by 11.5% for the Changbai Mountain, Inner Mongolia, and Northern China stations, respectively while the annual average of SHF rises by 10.6%, drops by 10.1%, and drops by 11.3% for the three areas.
文摘通过中亚费尔干纳盆地2007~2011年气候的模拟试验,揭示了新增农田灌溉过程与更新土壤参数对WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)/Noah模式模拟精度的提升作用。通过对比标准版本与嵌入灌溉过程参数化方案后的WRF/Noah模式的模拟结果,研究发现农业灌溉提升了土壤含水量,导致地表蒸发增强,潜热增加,感热减少,致使近地层大气降温、增湿,这一效应降低了WRF/Noah模拟的暖、干偏差,模拟2 m气温和大气比湿均方根误差分别由6.52℃降低至5.81℃,由1.66 g/kg降低至1.13 g/kg。进而针对WRF默认配置的费尔干纳盆地内土壤数据精度欠佳的问题,再利用国际土壤参比与信息中心(ISRIC)数据(主要是粉砂粘壤土和粉砂壤土)替换了WRF默认的数据(主要是粘土和壤土),降低了土壤凋萎系数,使得有效土壤水增多,缩小了灌溉需水量的模拟误差,并使得蒸散发进一步增强,潜热增多,感热减少,导致近地层降温、增湿,进一步降低了WRF/Noah模拟的暖、干偏差,模拟温度、湿度的均方根误差分别由5.81℃降低至5.46℃,由1.13 g/kg降低至1.08 g/kg。上述结果表明:充分农业灌溉对陆面过程产生影响,以及采用高精度的土壤数据能够显著提高WRF/Noah模式在中亚费尔干纳盆地的模拟精度。
文摘利用NOAH(The Community Noah Land Surface Model)、SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)和CLM(Community Land Model)3个不同的陆面过程模式及兰州大学(Semi-Arid Climate Observatory and Laboratory,SACOL)2007年的观测资料,对黄土高原半干旱区的陆面过程进行了模拟研究。通过与观测值间的对比,考察不同陆面过程模式在半干旱区的适用性。研究结果表明:3个模式在半干旱区的模拟性能有较大差异。其中,CLM模式模拟的20 cm以上的浅层土壤温度最优,SHAW模式模拟的深层土壤温度最优;SHAW模式模拟的土壤含水量与观测值最为接近,而NOAH和CLM模式模拟值有较大偏差;3个模式均能较好地模拟地表反射辐射,其中SHAW模式模拟值与观测值的偏差最小;对地表长波辐射的模拟,CLM模式的模拟最优;3个模式均能较好地反映感热、潜热通量的变化趋势,其中CLM模式对感热的模拟性能优于其他两个模式,在有降水发生后的湿润条件下,CLM模式对潜热的模拟性能最优,而无降水的干燥条件下,CLM模式的模拟偏差最大,NOAH模式对冬季潜热的模拟最优。总体而言,CLM模式能够更好地再现半干旱区地气之间的相互作用,但模式对土壤含水量及干燥条件下的潜热通量的模拟较差,模式对半干旱区陆气间的水文过程还有待进一步的研究和改进。
