General relativity (GR) and gravitation in flat space-time (GFST) are covariant theories to describe gravitation. The metric of GR is given by the form of proper-time and the metric of GFST is the flat space-time form...General relativity (GR) and gravitation in flat space-time (GFST) are covariant theories to describe gravitation. The metric of GR is given by the form of proper-time and the metric of GFST is the flat space-time form different from that of proper-time. GR has as source the matter tensor and the Einstein tensor describes the gravitational field whereas the source of GFST is the total energy-momentum including gravitation and the field is described by a non-linear differential operator of order two in divergence form. The results of the two theories agree for weak gravitational fields to the order of measurable accuracy. It is well-known that homogeneous, isotropic, cosmological models of GR start from a point singularity of the universe, the so called big bang. The density of matter is infinite. Therefore, our observable universe implies an expansion of space, in particular an inflationary expansion in the beginning. This is the presently most accepted model of the universe although doubts exist because infinities don’t exist in physics. GFST starts in the beginning from a homogeneous, isotropic universe with uniformly distributed energy and no matter. In the course of time, matter is created out of energy where the total energy is conserved. There is no singularity. The space is flat and the space may be non-expanding.展开更多
General Relativity implies an expanding Universe from a singularity, the so-called Big Bang. The rate of expansion is the Hubble constant. There are two major ways of measuring the expansion of the Universe: through t...General Relativity implies an expanding Universe from a singularity, the so-called Big Bang. The rate of expansion is the Hubble constant. There are two major ways of measuring the expansion of the Universe: through the cosmic distance ladder and through looking at the signals originated from the beginning of the Universe. These two methods give quite different results for the Hubble constant. Hence, the Universe doesn’t expand. The solution to this problem is the theory of gravitation in flat space-time where space isn’t expanding. All the results of gravitation for weak fields of this theory agree with those of General Relativity to measurable accuracy whereas at the beginning of the Universe the results of both theories are quite different, i.e. no singularity by gravitation in flat space-time and non-expanding universe, and a Big Bang (singularity) by General Relativity.展开更多
文摘General relativity (GR) and gravitation in flat space-time (GFST) are covariant theories to describe gravitation. The metric of GR is given by the form of proper-time and the metric of GFST is the flat space-time form different from that of proper-time. GR has as source the matter tensor and the Einstein tensor describes the gravitational field whereas the source of GFST is the total energy-momentum including gravitation and the field is described by a non-linear differential operator of order two in divergence form. The results of the two theories agree for weak gravitational fields to the order of measurable accuracy. It is well-known that homogeneous, isotropic, cosmological models of GR start from a point singularity of the universe, the so called big bang. The density of matter is infinite. Therefore, our observable universe implies an expansion of space, in particular an inflationary expansion in the beginning. This is the presently most accepted model of the universe although doubts exist because infinities don’t exist in physics. GFST starts in the beginning from a homogeneous, isotropic universe with uniformly distributed energy and no matter. In the course of time, matter is created out of energy where the total energy is conserved. There is no singularity. The space is flat and the space may be non-expanding.
文摘General Relativity implies an expanding Universe from a singularity, the so-called Big Bang. The rate of expansion is the Hubble constant. There are two major ways of measuring the expansion of the Universe: through the cosmic distance ladder and through looking at the signals originated from the beginning of the Universe. These two methods give quite different results for the Hubble constant. Hence, the Universe doesn’t expand. The solution to this problem is the theory of gravitation in flat space-time where space isn’t expanding. All the results of gravitation for weak fields of this theory agree with those of General Relativity to measurable accuracy whereas at the beginning of the Universe the results of both theories are quite different, i.e. no singularity by gravitation in flat space-time and non-expanding universe, and a Big Bang (singularity) by General Relativity.
