Objective Localization of the glutathione dependent Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reductase in fresh frozen sections of mouse skin and possible dependence of NBT reductase on tissue thiol levels has been investigated. ...Objective Localization of the glutathione dependent Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reductase in fresh frozen sections of mouse skin and possible dependence of NBT reductase on tissue thiol levels has been investigated. Methods The fresh frozen tissue sections (8m thickness) were prepared and incubated in medium containing NBT, reduced glutathione (GSH) and phosphate buffer. The staining for GSH was performed with mercury orange. Results The activity of the NBT-reductase in mouse skin has been found to be localized in the areas rich in glutathione and actively proliferating area of the skin. Conclusion The activity of the NBT-reductase seems to be dependent on the glutathione contents.展开更多
Mature and immature roasted peanuts are reportedly different in the level of Maillard reaction adducts (MRA) and IgE binding (i.e., allergenic capacity). Heating and sugar-protein interaction are the cause for the dif...Mature and immature roasted peanuts are reportedly different in the level of Maillard reaction adducts (MRA) and IgE binding (i.e., allergenic capacity). Heating and sugar-protein interaction are the cause for the difference. The objective of this study was to determine if mature and immature raw peanuts (not roasted) are also different through treatment with a reducing sugar such as ribose, glucose or fructose at a mild temperature. Extracts from mature and immature raw peanuts were treated with individual sugars at 37?C and 50?C, respectively, for 0 - 10 days, and then assayed for MRA with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in a time-course manner for 60 min. IgE binding was determined in an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using a pooled plasma from peanut-allergic individuals. Of the sugars tested, only ribose produced a big difference or a unique curve pattern in MRA between treated mature and immature peanuts. The unique curve pattern was more pronounced at 50?C (day 5 - 10) than at 37?C. IgE binding under this condition increased, but only with the ribose-treated mature raw peanut. It was concluded that mature and immature raw peanuts were different in MRA and IgE binding when treated with ribose only, and that under such a condition, mature and immature raw peanuts could be identified.展开更多
Aim:Microglia,the innate defence cells in central nervous system(CNS),alters their shapes and function with age.We observed and identified these morphological changes and functional association throughout the developm...Aim:Microglia,the innate defence cells in central nervous system(CNS),alters their shapes and function with age.We observed and identified these morphological changes and functional association throughout the developmental gradient until adulthood in rat brain.Methods:Early and late embryonic stages,neonates and adult brains of albino rats were sectioned for routine Haematoxylin Eosin(HE)staining and specialized silver-gold staining to show distribution and morphological variation in situ.Isolated microglia from different age groups was subjected to scanning electron microscopy(SEM)for observing ultrastructural shapes of microglial cells.The Viability of isolated cells was measured by trypan blue staining and their cellular identity by immuno-staining for CD11b.Finally,phagocytic limitations of the cells in normally developing brain were assessed by carbon particle ingestion and oxidative burst through nitroblue tetrazolium assay to investigate microglial age-sensitivity behavioural response.Results:HE staining spotted overall cellular distribution in the brain and cells with monocytic appearance among the other CNS cells.On contrary,silver-gold staining showed variable morphologies of microglia in various age groups and also showed the appearance of ramified microglia in adult.Nearly 90%of isolated cells were viable and positive for CD11b.SEM showed variable shapes of amoeboid and ramified forms.Immunofluoresence confirms microglial identity.Functionally,microglia showed an age dependent baseline phagocytic capacity in normal condition which changes with developmental phase and age with most active phagocytic behaviour around perinatal phase.Conclusion:In normally developing brains,microglia shows variability in morphology and baseline phagocytic activity that changes with age.These results may represent the normal physiology of CNS development and function.展开更多
文摘Objective Localization of the glutathione dependent Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reductase in fresh frozen sections of mouse skin and possible dependence of NBT reductase on tissue thiol levels has been investigated. Methods The fresh frozen tissue sections (8m thickness) were prepared and incubated in medium containing NBT, reduced glutathione (GSH) and phosphate buffer. The staining for GSH was performed with mercury orange. Results The activity of the NBT-reductase in mouse skin has been found to be localized in the areas rich in glutathione and actively proliferating area of the skin. Conclusion The activity of the NBT-reductase seems to be dependent on the glutathione contents.
文摘Mature and immature roasted peanuts are reportedly different in the level of Maillard reaction adducts (MRA) and IgE binding (i.e., allergenic capacity). Heating and sugar-protein interaction are the cause for the difference. The objective of this study was to determine if mature and immature raw peanuts (not roasted) are also different through treatment with a reducing sugar such as ribose, glucose or fructose at a mild temperature. Extracts from mature and immature raw peanuts were treated with individual sugars at 37?C and 50?C, respectively, for 0 - 10 days, and then assayed for MRA with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in a time-course manner for 60 min. IgE binding was determined in an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using a pooled plasma from peanut-allergic individuals. Of the sugars tested, only ribose produced a big difference or a unique curve pattern in MRA between treated mature and immature peanuts. The unique curve pattern was more pronounced at 50?C (day 5 - 10) than at 37?C. IgE binding under this condition increased, but only with the ribose-treated mature raw peanut. It was concluded that mature and immature raw peanuts were different in MRA and IgE binding when treated with ribose only, and that under such a condition, mature and immature raw peanuts could be identified.
基金supported by UGC-MRP Grant[No.F.PSW-169/09-10(ERO)]by DST-YS(SERB)Project Grant[No.-SR/FT/LS-81/2011],Govt.of India.
文摘Aim:Microglia,the innate defence cells in central nervous system(CNS),alters their shapes and function with age.We observed and identified these morphological changes and functional association throughout the developmental gradient until adulthood in rat brain.Methods:Early and late embryonic stages,neonates and adult brains of albino rats were sectioned for routine Haematoxylin Eosin(HE)staining and specialized silver-gold staining to show distribution and morphological variation in situ.Isolated microglia from different age groups was subjected to scanning electron microscopy(SEM)for observing ultrastructural shapes of microglial cells.The Viability of isolated cells was measured by trypan blue staining and their cellular identity by immuno-staining for CD11b.Finally,phagocytic limitations of the cells in normally developing brain were assessed by carbon particle ingestion and oxidative burst through nitroblue tetrazolium assay to investigate microglial age-sensitivity behavioural response.Results:HE staining spotted overall cellular distribution in the brain and cells with monocytic appearance among the other CNS cells.On contrary,silver-gold staining showed variable morphologies of microglia in various age groups and also showed the appearance of ramified microglia in adult.Nearly 90%of isolated cells were viable and positive for CD11b.SEM showed variable shapes of amoeboid and ramified forms.Immunofluoresence confirms microglial identity.Functionally,microglia showed an age dependent baseline phagocytic capacity in normal condition which changes with developmental phase and age with most active phagocytic behaviour around perinatal phase.Conclusion:In normally developing brains,microglia shows variability in morphology and baseline phagocytic activity that changes with age.These results may represent the normal physiology of CNS development and function.
