A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the dietary vitamin E requirement of the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense(weight of 0.3–0.4 g) and its effect role on antioxidant activity.Prawns were fed w...A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the dietary vitamin E requirement of the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense(weight of 0.3–0.4 g) and its effect role on antioxidant activity.Prawns were fed with seven levels of vitamin E(0,25,50,75,100,200,and 400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days.The results show that dietary vitamin E supplementation could significantly increased the prawn weight( P <0.05).The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the hepatopancreas was significantly higher in prawns fed with diets supplemented with ≤75 mg/kg vitamin E than in those fed with diets supplemented with 100–400 mg/kg vitamin E( P <0.05).The activity of catalase(CAT) in the hepatopancreas decreased significantly as dietary vitamin E supplementation increased( P <0.05),and no significant difference was detected in glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity between different dietary groups( P >0.05).The contents of vitamin E in the hepatopancreas and in the muscle increased with increasing dietary vitamin E.There was a linear correlation between the vitamin E level in diet and that in muscle,and between the vitamin E level in diet and that in the hepatopancreas.All the above results indicated that dietary vitamin E can be stored in the hepatopancreas and muscle and lower both the activities of SOD and CAT in the hepatopancreas,suggesting that it is a potential antioxidant in M.nipponense.Broken line analysis conducted on the weight gains of prawns in each diet group showed that the dietary vitamin E requirement for maximum growth is 94.10 mg/kg.展开更多
The structural change of the oviduct of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) during spawning was ex- amined by electron microscopy. The oviduct wall structural characteristics seem to be influenced significant...The structural change of the oviduct of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) during spawning was ex- amined by electron microscopy. The oviduct wall structural characteristics seem to be influenced significantly by the spawning process. Before the parturition and ovulation, two types of epithelial cells (types I and II) are found in the epithelium. The free surfaces of type I and type II cells have very dense long microvilli. Under the type I and type II cells, are a relatively thick layer of secreting material and a layer of mostly dead cells. After ovulation, two other types of epithelial cells (types III and IV) are found in the oviduct wall epithelium. The free surface of type III cells only has short microvilli scattered on the surface. The thick layer with secreting material and the dead cell layer disappeared at this stage. In some type III cells, the leaking out of cytoplasm from broken cell membrane led to the death of these type III cells. The transformation of all four types of epithelial cells was in the order: IV→I→II→III.展开更多
This study was an attempt to realize the effects of antimony on freshwater swamp shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense). An experiment of this nature, which have not previously been carried out in this species. First, medi...This study was an attempt to realize the effects of antimony on freshwater swamp shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense). An experiment of this nature, which have not previously been carried out in this species. First, median lethal concentrations were determined in acute toxicity tests. The 96-h LC50 value was 6.748 (5.728-7.950) mg Sb/l for adult M. nipponense and 1.635 (1.271-2.103) mg Sb/l for juvenile M. nipponense. Juvenile M. nipponense were exposed to 4 different sublethal levels of antimony (0.1, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg Sb/l) over a 7-d test period and a 7-d recovery period. After 30 min (acute), there was an increase in the amount of oxygen consumed in all exposed groups. On days 3, 7, and 14, decreases in oxygen consumption were significant (p < 0.05) for the higher-exposure level groups (0.8 and 1.2 mg/l). Light microscopy investigations showed histopathological alterations in the hepatopancreas which correlated with exposure concentrations. The alterations included degenerative changes in the lumen, a reduction in the lumen volume, and injury to epithelial cells in the histoarchitecture of hepatopancreas.展开更多
In this study,the effects of three different concentrations（0.5,0.25 and 0.125μl/L）of dichlorvos solution on phenoloxidase（PO）activity,hemolysin activity,peroxidase（POD）activity and antibacterial activity in th...In this study,the effects of three different concentrations（0.5,0.25 and 0.125μl/L）of dichlorvos solution on phenoloxidase（PO）activity,hemolysin activity,peroxidase（POD）activity and antibacterial activity in the serum of Macrobrachium nipponense during four days were investigated.The results indicated that phenoloxidase activity,hemolysin activity,peroxidase activity and antibacterial activity in the serum of Macrobrachium nipponense were improved under the stress of dichlorvos during a short time.With the extension of stress duration and increase of dichlorvos concentration,the activities of various immunological indices were inhibited due to the cumulative effect of dichlorvos in vivo;overall,the reduction increased gradually with the extension of stress duration.展开更多
Ribonucleotide reductase large subunit(RRM1)functions as the catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase(RR),which is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and repair.In this study,an RRM1 gene was identi...Ribonucleotide reductase large subunit(RRM1)functions as the catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase(RR),which is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and repair.In this study,an RRM1 gene was identified from Macrobrachium nipponense and designated as MnRRM1.Its complete cDNA sequence was 2941 bp,encoding 812 amino acids.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)indicated that MnRRM1 expression was most pronounced in stage V of ovary development compared to the other stages.Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized the MnRRM1 mRNA to the oocyte cytoplasm and to the follicular cells surrounding the oogonia and previtellogenic oocytes.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)localized the MnRRM1 protein to the nucleus of oogonia,as well as the cytoplasm and nucleus of oocytes.Ovarian explant incubation with AICA riboside(AICAR)and in vivo injection with 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)upregulated the expression of the cell cycle protein B(MnCYCLIN B),cell division cyclin 2(MnCDC2),and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MnMAPK)genes.In contrast,the wee1 protein(MnWEE1)and nm23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase(MnNM23)genes were downregulated.However,the outcomes of gemcitabine(GEM)incubation and RNA interference(RNAi)demonstrated an inverse pattern.Furthermore,RNAi-based MnRRM1 knockdown delayed oocyte maturation.These findings imply that MnRRM1 plays a potentially crucial role in promoting ovarian maturation in M.nipponense by facilitating DNA synthesis and energy provision during oocyte development and maturation.展开更多
Temperature is an essential environmental factor affecting the viability of organisms.Temperature changes could cause damages or even death.The oriental river prawn,Macrobrachium nipponense,is widely distributed in Ea...Temperature is an essential environmental factor affecting the viability of organisms.Temperature changes could cause damages or even death.The oriental river prawn,Macrobrachium nipponense,is widely distributed in East Asian countries,and has been an important economical aquaculture species in China since 1990s.This prawn belongs to crustaceans,which is a kind of ectotherms and very sensitive to temperature changes due to their relatively low internal metabolic heat production and their high thermal conductivity.In order to reveal the thermal adaptation mechanisms,M.nipponense were acclimated at 25℃ for 24 h,and successively challenged at 30℃ and 35℃ for 24 h in the same tank,respectively.And histological,biochemical and transcriptomic analyses were carried out on the gills and hepatopancreas under different temperatures.The results showed that different degrees of histological damages were discovered both in the gills and hepatopancreas of M.nipponense at 30℃ and 35℃.The digestive,metabolic,and antioxidative capacity were enhanced in the gills and hepatopancreas of M.nipponense at 30℃ and 35℃.A total of 2293 and 3304 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified from the gills and hepatopancreas,respectively.These DEGs were significantly involved in the regulation of transcription,proteolysis,nucleus,cytoplasm,metal ion binding,and ATP binding by Gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis.Furthermore,the DEGs in the hepatopancreas were significantly enriched in KEGG pathways including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,thyroid hormone synthesis,and ECM-receptor interaction.And the DEGs in the gills were enriched in KEGG pathways including cGMP-PKG signaling pathway,ribosome,and calcium signaling pathway.These results could be helpful for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermal response of M.nipponense,and increasing knowledge of the regulation mechanisms of freshwater crustaceans in the context of global warming.展开更多
Cytochrome P450(CYP450)is a superfamily widely found in various biological organisms,including animals,plants,and microorganisms.CYP450 is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances.In addition,...Cytochrome P450(CYP450)is a superfamily widely found in various biological organisms,including animals,plants,and microorganisms.CYP450 is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances.In addition,a few CYP450 genes named as Halloween genes(CYP302a1,CYP307a1,etc.)are associated with the synthesis and secretion of ecdysone in Arthropods.Macrobrachium nipponense(Arthropoda,Crustacean)has many excellent breeding characteristics;for example,rapid growth rate,ability to survive in a variety of envi-ronments and high economic value.In order to further explored the structure and function of CYP450,a genome-wide analysis of CYP450 gene family was performed in M.nipponense.A total of 67 CYP450 genes were iden-tified,and extensive bioinformatic analysis methods were conducted,including physicochemical property,sequence alignment,evolutionary tree construction,conserved sequence,chromosome localization,protein-protein interactions,and quantitative expression.The results showed that most CYP450 genes being around 500 amino acids,with 25 tandem repeats genes.The majority of CYP450 genes have the signature structure of the CYP450 gene family to ensure the stability of the spatial structure and the ability to bind substrates.The Halloween genes and CYP18a1 sequences are similar and occupy an importance role in M.nipponense.Finally,most CYP450 genes were up-regulated in gill and hepatopancreas of M.nipponense under acute high temperature stress,with significant up-regulation of Halloween gene expression.This study could further deepen the un-derstanding of the structure and function of CYP450 in M.nipponense and investigate the role of CYP450 in freshwater crustaceans under high temperatures.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31101887)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK2011419,BK2012675)+1 种基金the Special Projects in Northern Jiangsu Province(No.BN2015107)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection foundation(No.JLCBE07009)
文摘A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the dietary vitamin E requirement of the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense(weight of 0.3–0.4 g) and its effect role on antioxidant activity.Prawns were fed with seven levels of vitamin E(0,25,50,75,100,200,and 400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days.The results show that dietary vitamin E supplementation could significantly increased the prawn weight( P <0.05).The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the hepatopancreas was significantly higher in prawns fed with diets supplemented with ≤75 mg/kg vitamin E than in those fed with diets supplemented with 100–400 mg/kg vitamin E( P <0.05).The activity of catalase(CAT) in the hepatopancreas decreased significantly as dietary vitamin E supplementation increased( P <0.05),and no significant difference was detected in glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity between different dietary groups( P >0.05).The contents of vitamin E in the hepatopancreas and in the muscle increased with increasing dietary vitamin E.There was a linear correlation between the vitamin E level in diet and that in muscle,and between the vitamin E level in diet and that in the hepatopancreas.All the above results indicated that dietary vitamin E can be stored in the hepatopancreas and muscle and lower both the activities of SOD and CAT in the hepatopancreas,suggesting that it is a potential antioxidant in M.nipponense.Broken line analysis conducted on the weight gains of prawns in each diet group showed that the dietary vitamin E requirement for maximum growth is 94.10 mg/kg.
基金Project (No. Grant 961102205) supported by the Science and Tech-nology Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘The structural change of the oviduct of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) during spawning was ex- amined by electron microscopy. The oviduct wall structural characteristics seem to be influenced significantly by the spawning process. Before the parturition and ovulation, two types of epithelial cells (types I and II) are found in the epithelium. The free surfaces of type I and type II cells have very dense long microvilli. Under the type I and type II cells, are a relatively thick layer of secreting material and a layer of mostly dead cells. After ovulation, two other types of epithelial cells (types III and IV) are found in the oviduct wall epithelium. The free surface of type III cells only has short microvilli scattered on the surface. The thick layer with secreting material and the dead cell layer disappeared at this stage. In some type III cells, the leaking out of cytoplasm from broken cell membrane led to the death of these type III cells. The transformation of all four types of epithelial cells was in the order: IV→I→II→III.
文摘This study was an attempt to realize the effects of antimony on freshwater swamp shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense). An experiment of this nature, which have not previously been carried out in this species. First, median lethal concentrations were determined in acute toxicity tests. The 96-h LC50 value was 6.748 (5.728-7.950) mg Sb/l for adult M. nipponense and 1.635 (1.271-2.103) mg Sb/l for juvenile M. nipponense. Juvenile M. nipponense were exposed to 4 different sublethal levels of antimony (0.1, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg Sb/l) over a 7-d test period and a 7-d recovery period. After 30 min (acute), there was an increase in the amount of oxygen consumed in all exposed groups. On days 3, 7, and 14, decreases in oxygen consumption were significant (p < 0.05) for the higher-exposure level groups (0.8 and 1.2 mg/l). Light microscopy investigations showed histopathological alterations in the hepatopancreas which correlated with exposure concentrations. The alterations included degenerative changes in the lumen, a reduction in the lumen volume, and injury to epithelial cells in the histoarchitecture of hepatopancreas.
文摘In this study,the effects of three different concentrations（0.5,0.25 and 0.125μl/L）of dichlorvos solution on phenoloxidase（PO）activity,hemolysin activity,peroxidase（POD）activity and antibacterial activity in the serum of Macrobrachium nipponense during four days were investigated.The results indicated that phenoloxidase activity,hemolysin activity,peroxidase activity and antibacterial activity in the serum of Macrobrachium nipponense were improved under the stress of dichlorvos during a short time.With the extension of stress duration and increase of dichlorvos concentration,the activities of various immunological indices were inhibited due to the cumulative effect of dichlorvos in vivo;overall,the reduction increased gradually with the extension of stress duration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972812)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project of China(242102110057)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(252300420201)the Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province,China(26A240001).
文摘Ribonucleotide reductase large subunit(RRM1)functions as the catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase(RR),which is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and repair.In this study,an RRM1 gene was identified from Macrobrachium nipponense and designated as MnRRM1.Its complete cDNA sequence was 2941 bp,encoding 812 amino acids.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)indicated that MnRRM1 expression was most pronounced in stage V of ovary development compared to the other stages.Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized the MnRRM1 mRNA to the oocyte cytoplasm and to the follicular cells surrounding the oogonia and previtellogenic oocytes.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)localized the MnRRM1 protein to the nucleus of oogonia,as well as the cytoplasm and nucleus of oocytes.Ovarian explant incubation with AICA riboside(AICAR)and in vivo injection with 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)upregulated the expression of the cell cycle protein B(MnCYCLIN B),cell division cyclin 2(MnCDC2),and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MnMAPK)genes.In contrast,the wee1 protein(MnWEE1)and nm23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase(MnNM23)genes were downregulated.However,the outcomes of gemcitabine(GEM)incubation and RNA interference(RNAi)demonstrated an inverse pattern.Furthermore,RNAi-based MnRRM1 knockdown delayed oocyte maturation.These findings imply that MnRRM1 plays a potentially crucial role in promoting ovarian maturation in M.nipponense by facilitating DNA synthesis and energy provision during oocyte development and maturation.
基金supported by the Innovation Action Plan Project of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(19391900900,21002410500).
文摘Temperature is an essential environmental factor affecting the viability of organisms.Temperature changes could cause damages or even death.The oriental river prawn,Macrobrachium nipponense,is widely distributed in East Asian countries,and has been an important economical aquaculture species in China since 1990s.This prawn belongs to crustaceans,which is a kind of ectotherms and very sensitive to temperature changes due to their relatively low internal metabolic heat production and their high thermal conductivity.In order to reveal the thermal adaptation mechanisms,M.nipponense were acclimated at 25℃ for 24 h,and successively challenged at 30℃ and 35℃ for 24 h in the same tank,respectively.And histological,biochemical and transcriptomic analyses were carried out on the gills and hepatopancreas under different temperatures.The results showed that different degrees of histological damages were discovered both in the gills and hepatopancreas of M.nipponense at 30℃ and 35℃.The digestive,metabolic,and antioxidative capacity were enhanced in the gills and hepatopancreas of M.nipponense at 30℃ and 35℃.A total of 2293 and 3304 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified from the gills and hepatopancreas,respectively.These DEGs were significantly involved in the regulation of transcription,proteolysis,nucleus,cytoplasm,metal ion binding,and ATP binding by Gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis.Furthermore,the DEGs in the hepatopancreas were significantly enriched in KEGG pathways including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,thyroid hormone synthesis,and ECM-receptor interaction.And the DEGs in the gills were enriched in KEGG pathways including cGMP-PKG signaling pathway,ribosome,and calcium signaling pathway.These results could be helpful for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermal response of M.nipponense,and increasing knowledge of the regulation mechanisms of freshwater crustaceans in the context of global warming.
基金supported by the Innovation Action Plan Project of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19391900900).
文摘Cytochrome P450(CYP450)is a superfamily widely found in various biological organisms,including animals,plants,and microorganisms.CYP450 is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances.In addition,a few CYP450 genes named as Halloween genes(CYP302a1,CYP307a1,etc.)are associated with the synthesis and secretion of ecdysone in Arthropods.Macrobrachium nipponense(Arthropoda,Crustacean)has many excellent breeding characteristics;for example,rapid growth rate,ability to survive in a variety of envi-ronments and high economic value.In order to further explored the structure and function of CYP450,a genome-wide analysis of CYP450 gene family was performed in M.nipponense.A total of 67 CYP450 genes were iden-tified,and extensive bioinformatic analysis methods were conducted,including physicochemical property,sequence alignment,evolutionary tree construction,conserved sequence,chromosome localization,protein-protein interactions,and quantitative expression.The results showed that most CYP450 genes being around 500 amino acids,with 25 tandem repeats genes.The majority of CYP450 genes have the signature structure of the CYP450 gene family to ensure the stability of the spatial structure and the ability to bind substrates.The Halloween genes and CYP18a1 sequences are similar and occupy an importance role in M.nipponense.Finally,most CYP450 genes were up-regulated in gill and hepatopancreas of M.nipponense under acute high temperature stress,with significant up-regulation of Halloween gene expression.This study could further deepen the un-derstanding of the structure and function of CYP450 in M.nipponense and investigate the role of CYP450 in freshwater crustaceans under high temperatures.
