The purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical components of the extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn.(SNL),by LC-MS/MS,and to identify 33 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps.Network pharmacol...The purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical components of the extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn.(SNL),by LC-MS/MS,and to identify 33 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps.Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to investigate the mechanism of action of SNL against ulcerative colitis(UC).A total of 282 component target genes and 1850 disease target genes were obtained,and 157 cross-targets and 16 core-targets were obtained after crossover.A total of 20 signaling pathways such as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic were obtained by GO analysis and KEGG analysis,respectively.It is possible that the anti UC eff ect can be achieved by regulating proteins such as AKT1,EGFR,NFKB1,JUN,and HSP90AA1.Molecular docking results show that the anti UC active ingredients are well docked with the target protein molecules This study provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of SNL.展开更多
Solanum nigrum complex comprises of plant species that belong to Solanum section Solanum used as indigenous leafy vegetables in Kenya among many communities. The Solanum nigrum complex species have also been used trad...Solanum nigrum complex comprises of plant species that belong to Solanum section Solanum used as indigenous leafy vegetables in Kenya among many communities. The Solanum nigrum complex species have also been used traditionally as medicine. Many species make up the Solanum nigrum complex, and some include S. scabrum, S. villosum, S. americanum, S. nigrum, S. americanum, and S. physalifolium. The purpose of this study was to determine the species ofSolanum nigrum complex found in Rift Valley, Nyanza and Western provinces of Kenya. Samples were collected from Eldoret-Iten, Kisumu-Nyando, Kisii-Nyamira, Nakuru, and Busia then pressed and sent to a plant taxonomist in Egerton University for classification and identification. It was established that the collected samples belonged to S. nigrum, S. scabrum, and S. villosurn species. The morphological characteristics used to distinguish the species included shape and colour of the stems, size and shape of the leaves, size, shape and colour of the berries, and the inflorescence. S. nigrurn was widely found in some regions with a noticeable bias towards S. scabrum that was preferred due to its large size of leaves and taste when cooked. However, the distribution and presence of S. nigrum and S. villosum in some of the study regions was poor.展开更多
The microwave-assisted method was used to extract polysaccharides from solanum nigrum. The optimum experimental parameters, mechanism of the extraction and the effect of microwave-assisted extraction process on the st...The microwave-assisted method was used to extract polysaccharides from solanum nigrum. The optimum experimental parameters, mechanism of the extraction and the effect of microwave-assisted extraction process on the structures of polysaccharides were investigated. The extract was analyzed by the modified phenol-sulfuric acid method at 490nm. The optimum experimental parameters were obtained by orthogonal experiments as follows: extraction time 15min, microwave radiation power 455W and the process ratio of materials mass to solvent volume 1∶20. The results show that compared with the conventional reflux extraction, the microwave-assisted extraction has a higher yield in shorter time, with no effect on the finally obtained polysaccharides as seen from the FT-IR spectra. The scanning electron microscopy images reveal that the mechanism of the extraction is related to the structural changes of the plant cells in different extracting conditions.展开更多
Objective:To carry out the physicochemical and phytochemical standardization with high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting of Piper nigrum L.(P.nigrum)fruits in order to ascertain the standard pharmac...Objective:To carry out the physicochemical and phytochemical standardization with high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting of Piper nigrum L.(P.nigrum)fruits in order to ascertain the standard pharmacognostical parameters of this king of spices.Methods:Many standardization parameters like extractive values,total ash value,water soluble ash value and acid insoluble ash,moisture content,loss on drying and pH values of P.nigrum L.fruits were analyzed.The method of Harborne was adopted for the preliminary phytochemicals screening.Analysis of total phenolic and flavonoid contents,pesticides residues,aflatoxin and heavy metals were also performed.CAMAG-high performance thin layer chromatography system was used for fingerprinting of methanolic extract of P.nigrum L.fruits.Results:The results of phytochemicals testing indicated the presence of carbohydrates,phenolic compounds,flavonoids,alkaloids,proteins,saponins,lipids,sterols and tannins in various solvent extracts.Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanolic extract were found to be 1.728 1 mg/g and 1.087 ug/g,respectively.Heavy metals concentrations were found to be within standard limits.Aflatoxins and pesticides residues were absent.Conclusions:The outcome of this study might prove beneficial in herbal industries for identification,purification and standardization of P.nigrum L.fruits.展开更多
The stress effect of cadmium absorption between aloe and Solanum nigrum L was studied through a simulation experiment with different cadmium contents in soil. The results showed that the growth characteristics, biomas...The stress effect of cadmium absorption between aloe and Solanum nigrum L was studied through a simulation experiment with different cadmium contents in soil. The results showed that the growth characteristics, biomass and Cd content in the plants of aloe and S. nigrum L were closely related to Cd content in the soil, and S. nigrum L and aloe had a strong tolerance to Cd in the experiment, pH of rhizosphere soil with S. ni- grum L and aloe planted was generally higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil, which is related to the planting pattern. Compared with aloe, S. nig- rum L had a stronger capacity to accumulate Cd, and intercropping S. nigrum L and aloe could inhibit aloe＇s absorption of Cd, which is favorable to the safe planting of aloe. In addition, S. nigrum L has the potential to restore polluted soil.展开更多
AIM： TO investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of Veratrum nigrum L. var. ussuriense Nakai alkaloids （VnA） on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury in rats. METHODS： Forty male Wistar rat...AIM： TO investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of Veratrum nigrum L. var. ussuriense Nakai alkaloids （VnA） on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury in rats. METHODS： Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups （n = 10 in each）： （A） Control group （the sham operation group）; （8） I/R group （pretreated with normal saline）; （C） Small-dose （10 μg/kg） VnA pretreatment group; （D） Large-dose （20 μg/kg） VnA pretreatment group. Hepatic ischemia/ reperfusion （Hepatic I/R） was induced by occlusion of the portal vein and the hepatic artery for 90 min, followed by reperfusion for 240 min. The pretreatment groups were administered with VnA intraperitoneally, 30 min before surgery, while the control group and I/R group were given equal volumes of normal saline. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity and nitric oxide （NO） content in the liver tissue at the end of reperfusion were determined and liver function was measured. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and E-selectin （ES） were detected by immunohistochemical examinations and Western blot analyses. RESULTS： The results showed that hepatic I/R elicited a significant increase in the plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT： 74.53 ± 2.58 IU/L vs 1512.54 ± 200.76 IU/L, P 〈 0.01） and lactic dehydrogenase （LDH： 473.48 ± 52.17 IU/L vs 5821.53 ± 163.69 IU/L, P 〈 0.01）, as well as the levels of MPO （1.97 ± 0.11 U/g vs 2.57 ± 0.13 U/g, P 〈 0.01） and NO （69.37 ± 1.52 μmol/g protein vs 78.39 ± 2.28 μmol/g protein, P 〈 0.01） in the liver tissue, all of which were reduced by pretreatment with VnA, respectively （ALT： 1512.54 ± 200.76 IU/L vs 977.93 ± 89.62 IU/L, 909.81 ± 132.76 IU/L, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.01; LDH： 5821.53 ± 163.69 IU/L vs 3015.44 ± 253.01 IU/L, 2448.75 ± 169.4 IU/L, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.01; MPO： 2.57 ± 0.13 U/g vs 2.13 ± 0.13 U/g, 2.07 ± 0.05 U/g, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.01; NO： 78.39 ± 2.28 μmol/g protein vs 71.11 ± 1.73 μmol/g protein, 68.58 ± 1.95 μmol/g protein, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）. The activity of SOD （361.75 ± 16.22 U/rag protein vs 263.19 ± 12.10 U/rag protein, P 〈 0.01） in the liver tissue was decreased after I/R, which was enhanced by VnA pretreatment （263.19 ± 12.10 U/rag protein vs 299.40 ± 10.80 U/rag protein, 302.09 ＋ 14.80 U/rag protein, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.05）. Simultaneously, the histological evidence of liver hemorrhage, polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration and the overexpression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in the liver tissue were observed, all of which were attenuated in the VnA pretreated groups. CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate that VnA pretreatment exerts significant protection against hepatic I/R injury in rats. The protective effects are possibly associated with enhancement of antioxidant capacity, reduction of inflammatory responses and suppressed expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro and in vivo antiarthritic potential of Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum). METHODS: Aqueous methanolic (70∶30) extract of S. nigrum was prepared. The in vitro antiarthritic effect was evaluate...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro and in vivo antiarthritic potential of Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum). METHODS: Aqueous methanolic (70∶30) extract of S. nigrum was prepared. The in vitro antiarthritic effect was evaluated in terms of its inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization. While, formaldehyde, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and Collagen induced arthritis rat models were used to study in vivo antiarthritic activities of S. nigrum at dose level of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. RESULTS: The extract exhibited inhibition of protein denaturation and protected red blood cell by stabilizing the membranes in a concentration dependent manner, with maximum effect attained at 800 μg/mL. Moreover, there was a marked reduction in paw edema observed in extract treated animals, when compared to arthritic control animals in all in vivo models and 800 mg/kg dose got maximum reduction of paw edema. In CFA and collagen models, plant extract restored body weight, hematologic parameters, radiographic and histopathoOBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro and in vivo antiarthritic potential of Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum). METHODS: Aqueous methanolic (70∶30) extract of S. nigrum was prepared. The in vitro antiarthritic effect was evaluated in terms of its inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization. While, formaldehyde, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and Collagen induced arthritis rat models were used to study in vivo antiarthritic activities of S. nigrum at dose level of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. RESULTS: The extract exhibited inhibition of protein denaturation and protected red blood cell by stabilizing the membranes in a concentration dependent manner, with maximum effect attained at 800 μg/mL. Moreover, there was a marked reduction in paw edema observed in extract treated animals, when compared to arthritic control animals in all in vivo models and 800 mg/kg dose got maximum reduction of paw edema. In CFA and collagen models, plant extract restored body weight, hematologic parameters, radiographic and histopathologic alterations towards normal.CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that S. nigrum holds antiarthritic potential, supporting its traditional use in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.展开更多
Two new steroidal alkaloids, veraussines A （1） and B （2） were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense. Their structures were determined as N-（ethoxycarbonyl）- 1 α,2β,3α, 15α-t...Two new steroidal alkaloids, veraussines A （1） and B （2） were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense. Their structures were determined as N-（ethoxycarbonyl）- 1 α,2β,3α, 15α-tetrahydroxy-5fl-jervanin- 12-en- 11 -one （1） and N-（methoxycarbonyl）-1α,2β,3α,15α-tetrahydroxy-5/3-jervanin-12-en-1 l-one （2） by spectroscopic analysis.展开更多
It is very important to find out the reasons and the morphological changes of cattle abortion, death embryo and teratism in Sanjiang area, in order to determine the preventive measures, to improve animal quality, and ...It is very important to find out the reasons and the morphological changes of cattle abortion, death embryo and teratism in Sanjiang area, in order to determine the preventive measures, to improve animal quality, and to accelerate the animal industry. In the present studies, 25 cows and 25 local bos calves were investigated. The powder of Veratrum nigrum L. and Euphorbia fischeriana steud. was medicated to the animals during the 15 - 19th day of gestation. It was found that there were different poisoning reactions. When the poisoning was on the 15 - 16th day of gestation, the pregnant animals were easy to miscarriage. When the poisoning was on the 17 - 18th day of gestation, the embryos were easy to become teratism. The joint malformation bicephalus and rachischisis could take place for calves. If the poisoning was after 19th day of gestation , there were much more death embryos. The results of the studies showed that Veratrum and Euphorbia fischeriana steud. were the most poisonous plants to the animal industry of Sanjiang area. Some preventive measures were proposed.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical components of the extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn.(SNL),by LC-MS/MS,and to identify 33 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps.Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to investigate the mechanism of action of SNL against ulcerative colitis(UC).A total of 282 component target genes and 1850 disease target genes were obtained,and 157 cross-targets and 16 core-targets were obtained after crossover.A total of 20 signaling pathways such as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic were obtained by GO analysis and KEGG analysis,respectively.It is possible that the anti UC eff ect can be achieved by regulating proteins such as AKT1,EGFR,NFKB1,JUN,and HSP90AA1.Molecular docking results show that the anti UC active ingredients are well docked with the target protein molecules This study provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of SNL.
文摘Solanum nigrum complex comprises of plant species that belong to Solanum section Solanum used as indigenous leafy vegetables in Kenya among many communities. The Solanum nigrum complex species have also been used traditionally as medicine. Many species make up the Solanum nigrum complex, and some include S. scabrum, S. villosum, S. americanum, S. nigrum, S. americanum, and S. physalifolium. The purpose of this study was to determine the species ofSolanum nigrum complex found in Rift Valley, Nyanza and Western provinces of Kenya. Samples were collected from Eldoret-Iten, Kisumu-Nyando, Kisii-Nyamira, Nakuru, and Busia then pressed and sent to a plant taxonomist in Egerton University for classification and identification. It was established that the collected samples belonged to S. nigrum, S. scabrum, and S. villosurn species. The morphological characteristics used to distinguish the species included shape and colour of the stems, size and shape of the leaves, size, shape and colour of the berries, and the inflorescence. S. nigrurn was widely found in some regions with a noticeable bias towards S. scabrum that was preferred due to its large size of leaves and taste when cooked. However, the distribution and presence of S. nigrum and S. villosum in some of the study regions was poor.
文摘The microwave-assisted method was used to extract polysaccharides from solanum nigrum. The optimum experimental parameters, mechanism of the extraction and the effect of microwave-assisted extraction process on the structures of polysaccharides were investigated. The extract was analyzed by the modified phenol-sulfuric acid method at 490nm. The optimum experimental parameters were obtained by orthogonal experiments as follows: extraction time 15min, microwave radiation power 455W and the process ratio of materials mass to solvent volume 1∶20. The results show that compared with the conventional reflux extraction, the microwave-assisted extraction has a higher yield in shorter time, with no effect on the finally obtained polysaccharides as seen from the FT-IR spectra. The scanning electron microscopy images reveal that the mechanism of the extraction is related to the structural changes of the plant cells in different extracting conditions.
基金Supported by AYUSH.Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.Government of India[Grant No.CCRUM-UPC-Ⅱ(3-15/2009.CCRUM/UPC)]
文摘Objective:To carry out the physicochemical and phytochemical standardization with high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting of Piper nigrum L.(P.nigrum)fruits in order to ascertain the standard pharmacognostical parameters of this king of spices.Methods:Many standardization parameters like extractive values,total ash value,water soluble ash value and acid insoluble ash,moisture content,loss on drying and pH values of P.nigrum L.fruits were analyzed.The method of Harborne was adopted for the preliminary phytochemicals screening.Analysis of total phenolic and flavonoid contents,pesticides residues,aflatoxin and heavy metals were also performed.CAMAG-high performance thin layer chromatography system was used for fingerprinting of methanolic extract of P.nigrum L.fruits.Results:The results of phytochemicals testing indicated the presence of carbohydrates,phenolic compounds,flavonoids,alkaloids,proteins,saponins,lipids,sterols and tannins in various solvent extracts.Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanolic extract were found to be 1.728 1 mg/g and 1.087 ug/g,respectively.Heavy metals concentrations were found to be within standard limits.Aflatoxins and pesticides residues were absent.Conclusions:The outcome of this study might prove beneficial in herbal industries for identification,purification and standardization of P.nigrum L.fruits.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project of Public Welfare Industry of Ministry of Land and Resources,China(201111020-7)National Innovation Experimental Project for Undergraduates(201311078017)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou Higher Education(10A062)Plan Project for Emerging Talents of Guangzhou University(2011)
文摘The stress effect of cadmium absorption between aloe and Solanum nigrum L was studied through a simulation experiment with different cadmium contents in soil. The results showed that the growth characteristics, biomass and Cd content in the plants of aloe and S. nigrum L were closely related to Cd content in the soil, and S. nigrum L and aloe had a strong tolerance to Cd in the experiment, pH of rhizosphere soil with S. ni- grum L and aloe planted was generally higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil, which is related to the planting pattern. Compared with aloe, S. nig- rum L had a stronger capacity to accumulate Cd, and intercropping S. nigrum L and aloe could inhibit aloe＇s absorption of Cd, which is favorable to the safe planting of aloe. In addition, S. nigrum L has the potential to restore polluted soil.
文摘AIM： TO investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of Veratrum nigrum L. var. ussuriense Nakai alkaloids （VnA） on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury in rats. METHODS： Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups （n = 10 in each）： （A） Control group （the sham operation group）; （8） I/R group （pretreated with normal saline）; （C） Small-dose （10 μg/kg） VnA pretreatment group; （D） Large-dose （20 μg/kg） VnA pretreatment group. Hepatic ischemia/ reperfusion （Hepatic I/R） was induced by occlusion of the portal vein and the hepatic artery for 90 min, followed by reperfusion for 240 min. The pretreatment groups were administered with VnA intraperitoneally, 30 min before surgery, while the control group and I/R group were given equal volumes of normal saline. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity and nitric oxide （NO） content in the liver tissue at the end of reperfusion were determined and liver function was measured. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and E-selectin （ES） were detected by immunohistochemical examinations and Western blot analyses. RESULTS： The results showed that hepatic I/R elicited a significant increase in the plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT： 74.53 ± 2.58 IU/L vs 1512.54 ± 200.76 IU/L, P 〈 0.01） and lactic dehydrogenase （LDH： 473.48 ± 52.17 IU/L vs 5821.53 ± 163.69 IU/L, P 〈 0.01）, as well as the levels of MPO （1.97 ± 0.11 U/g vs 2.57 ± 0.13 U/g, P 〈 0.01） and NO （69.37 ± 1.52 μmol/g protein vs 78.39 ± 2.28 μmol/g protein, P 〈 0.01） in the liver tissue, all of which were reduced by pretreatment with VnA, respectively （ALT： 1512.54 ± 200.76 IU/L vs 977.93 ± 89.62 IU/L, 909.81 ± 132.76 IU/L, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.01; LDH： 5821.53 ± 163.69 IU/L vs 3015.44 ± 253.01 IU/L, 2448.75 ± 169.4 IU/L, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.01; MPO： 2.57 ± 0.13 U/g vs 2.13 ± 0.13 U/g, 2.07 ± 0.05 U/g, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.01; NO： 78.39 ± 2.28 μmol/g protein vs 71.11 ± 1.73 μmol/g protein, 68.58 ± 1.95 μmol/g protein, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）. The activity of SOD （361.75 ± 16.22 U/rag protein vs 263.19 ± 12.10 U/rag protein, P 〈 0.01） in the liver tissue was decreased after I/R, which was enhanced by VnA pretreatment （263.19 ± 12.10 U/rag protein vs 299.40 ± 10.80 U/rag protein, 302.09 ＋ 14.80 U/rag protein, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.05）. Simultaneously, the histological evidence of liver hemorrhage, polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration and the overexpression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in the liver tissue were observed, all of which were attenuated in the VnA pretreated groups. CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate that VnA pretreatment exerts significant protection against hepatic I/R injury in rats. The protective effects are possibly associated with enhancement of antioxidant capacity, reduction of inflammatory responses and suppressed expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro and in vivo antiarthritic potential of Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum). METHODS: Aqueous methanolic (70∶30) extract of S. nigrum was prepared. The in vitro antiarthritic effect was evaluated in terms of its inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization. While, formaldehyde, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and Collagen induced arthritis rat models were used to study in vivo antiarthritic activities of S. nigrum at dose level of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. RESULTS: The extract exhibited inhibition of protein denaturation and protected red blood cell by stabilizing the membranes in a concentration dependent manner, with maximum effect attained at 800 μg/mL. Moreover, there was a marked reduction in paw edema observed in extract treated animals, when compared to arthritic control animals in all in vivo models and 800 mg/kg dose got maximum reduction of paw edema. In CFA and collagen models, plant extract restored body weight, hematologic parameters, radiographic and histopathoOBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro and in vivo antiarthritic potential of Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum). METHODS: Aqueous methanolic (70∶30) extract of S. nigrum was prepared. The in vitro antiarthritic effect was evaluated in terms of its inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization. While, formaldehyde, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and Collagen induced arthritis rat models were used to study in vivo antiarthritic activities of S. nigrum at dose level of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. RESULTS: The extract exhibited inhibition of protein denaturation and protected red blood cell by stabilizing the membranes in a concentration dependent manner, with maximum effect attained at 800 μg/mL. Moreover, there was a marked reduction in paw edema observed in extract treated animals, when compared to arthritic control animals in all in vivo models and 800 mg/kg dose got maximum reduction of paw edema. In CFA and collagen models, plant extract restored body weight, hematologic parameters, radiographic and histopathologic alterations towards normal.CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that S. nigrum holds antiarthritic potential, supporting its traditional use in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20872011)
文摘Two new steroidal alkaloids, veraussines A （1） and B （2） were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense. Their structures were determined as N-（ethoxycarbonyl）- 1 α,2β,3α, 15α-tetrahydroxy-5fl-jervanin- 12-en- 11 -one （1） and N-（methoxycarbonyl）-1α,2β,3α,15α-tetrahydroxy-5/3-jervanin-12-en-1 l-one （2） by spectroscopic analysis.
文摘It is very important to find out the reasons and the morphological changes of cattle abortion, death embryo and teratism in Sanjiang area, in order to determine the preventive measures, to improve animal quality, and to accelerate the animal industry. In the present studies, 25 cows and 25 local bos calves were investigated. The powder of Veratrum nigrum L. and Euphorbia fischeriana steud. was medicated to the animals during the 15 - 19th day of gestation. It was found that there were different poisoning reactions. When the poisoning was on the 15 - 16th day of gestation, the pregnant animals were easy to miscarriage. When the poisoning was on the 17 - 18th day of gestation, the embryos were easy to become teratism. The joint malformation bicephalus and rachischisis could take place for calves. If the poisoning was after 19th day of gestation , there were much more death embryos. The results of the studies showed that Veratrum and Euphorbia fischeriana steud. were the most poisonous plants to the animal industry of Sanjiang area. Some preventive measures were proposed.
