THE mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of pure nickel under nanoindentation were systematically investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,with a particular focus on the novel interplay between c...THE mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of pure nickel under nanoindentation were systematically investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,with a particular focus on the novel interplay between crystallographic orientation,grain boundary(GB)proximity,and pore characteristics(size/location).This study compares single-crystal nickel models along[100],[110],and[111]orientations with equiaxed polycrystalline models containing 0,1,and 2.5 nm pores in surface and subsurface configurations.Our results reveal that crystallographic anisotropy manifests as a 24.4%higher elastic modulus and 22.2%greater hardness in[111]-oriented single crystals compared to[100].Pore-GB synergistic effects are found to dominate the deformation behavior:2.5 nm subsurface pores reduce hardness by 25.2%through stress concentration and dislocation annihilation at GBs,whereas surface pores enable mechanical recovery via accelerated dislocation generation post-collapse.Additionally,size-dependent deformation regimes were identified,with 1 nm pores inducing negligible perturbation due to rapid atomic rearrangement,in contrast with persistent softening in 2.5 nm pores.These findings establish atomic-scale design principles for defect engineering in nickel-based aerospace components,demonstrating how crystallographic orientation,pore configuration,and GB interactions collectively govern nanoindentation behavior.展开更多
With the development of the new energy industry and the depletion of nickel sulfide ore resources,laterite nickel ore has become the main source of primary nickel,and nickel for power batteries has become a new growth...With the development of the new energy industry and the depletion of nickel sulfide ore resources,laterite nickel ore has become the main source of primary nickel,and nickel for power batteries has become a new growth point in consumption.This paper systematically summarizes the processes,parameters,products,recovery rates,environmental indicators,costs,advantages,disadvantages and the latest research progress of mainstream nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore.It also provides a comparative analysis of the environmental impact and economic efficiency of different nickel extraction processes.It is found that the current nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore globally for commercial production mainly include the RKEF process for producing ferronickel and the HPAL process for producing intermediate products.The former accounts for about 80%of laterite nickel ore production.Compared to each other,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity for the RKEF is about 43000$,with an operational cost of about 16000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 77%–90%.Its products are mainly used in stainless steels.For the HPAL process,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity is about 56000$,with an operational cost of about 15000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 83%–90%.Its products are mainly used in power batteries.The significant differences between the two lies in energy consumption and carbon emissions,with the RKEF being 2.18 and 2.37 times that of the HPAL,respectively.Although the use of clean energy can greatly reduce the operational cost and environmental impact of RKEF,if RKEF is converted to producing high Ni matte,its economic and environmental performance still cannot match that of the HPAL and oxygen-enriched side-blown processes.Therefore,it can be inferred that with the increasing demand for nickel in power batteries,HPAL and oxygen-enriched side blowing processes will play a greater role in laterite nickel extraction.展开更多
Exploration budgets for primary battery metals-nickel,lithium and cobalt-tempered in 2024 at$1.697 billion,reflecting a marginal 0.4%decline and a virtually flat annual total,compared to$1.704 billion in 2023.Below is...Exploration budgets for primary battery metals-nickel,lithium and cobalt-tempered in 2024 at$1.697 billion,reflecting a marginal 0.4%decline and a virtually flat annual total,compared to$1.704 billion in 2023.Below is an introduction to the 2024 global exploration trends and prospects for lithium,cobalt,and nickel battery metals.展开更多
The development of cost-effective and energy-efficient anode materials is essential for the advancement of industrial water electrolysis.Herein,we report a rapid,ambient-temperature method to prepare largearea nickel ...The development of cost-effective and energy-efficient anode materials is essential for the advancement of industrial water electrolysis.Herein,we report a rapid,ambient-temperature method to prepare largearea nickel mesh electrodes(SFN/NM)via surface functionalization completed within 3 min,without relying on thermal treatments or noble metals.The as-prepared electrodes achieve a high current density of 100 m A/cm^(2)at an overpotential of just 300 m V in 6 mol/L KOH,and exhibit remarkable stability over1600 h of continuous operation.With comparable activity to commercial Raney nickel yet significantly lower processing and material costs(reduced by 50%-70%),this approach provides a practical solution for low-energy water splitting.Beyond its industrial relevance,the strategy offers a scalable model for engineering high-performance OER electrodes,inspiring future directions in electrocatalyst design.展开更多
La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation pr...La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation properties.However,the cycling stability is not currently satisfactory enough which plagues its application.Herein,a strategy of partially substituting La with the Y element is proposed to boost the capacity durability of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.Furthermore,phase structure regulation is implemented simultaneously to obtain the A5 B19-type alloy with good crystal stability specifically.It is found that Y promotes the phase formation of the Pr5 Co19-type phase after annealing at 985℃.The alloy containing Y contributes to the superior rate capability resulting from the promoted hydrogen diffusion rate.Notably,Y substitution enables strengthening the anti-pulverization ability of the alloy in terms of increasing the volume match between[A_(2)B_(4)]and[AB5]subunits,and effectively enhances the anti-corrosion ability of the alloy due to high electronegativity,realizing improved long-term cycling stability of the alloy from 74.2%to 78.5%after cycling 300 times.The work is expected to shed light on the composition and structure design of the La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries.展开更多
Developing high-capacity carbon-based anode materials is crucial for enhancing the performance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this study,we presented a nitrogen-doped lignin mesoporous carbon/nickel/nickel oxide(NH...Developing high-capacity carbon-based anode materials is crucial for enhancing the performance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this study,we presented a nitrogen-doped lignin mesoporous carbon/nickel/nickel oxide(NHMC/Ni/NiO)nanocomposite for developing high-capacity LIBs anode materials through carbonization and selective etching strategies.The synthesized NMHC/Ni/NiO-0.33 composite exhibited a highly regular microstructure with well-dispersed Ni/NiO particles.The composite had a surface area of 408 m^(2)·g^(−1),a mesopore ratio of 75.0%,and a pyridine–nitrogen ratio of 58.9%.The introduction of nitrogen atoms reduced the disordered structure of lignin mesoporous carbon and enhanced its electrical conductivity,thus improving the lithium storage capabilities of the composite.Following 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A·g^(−1),the composite demonstrated enhanced Coulomb efficiency and rate performance,achieving a specific discharge capacity of 1230.9 mAh·g^(−1).At a high-current density of 1 A·g^(−1),the composite exhibited an excellent specific discharge capacity of 714.6 mAh·g^(−1).This study presents an innovative method for synthesizing high-performance anode materials of LIBs.展开更多
Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants is a well-known and effective technique for pollutant abatement.Unfortunately,this method is significantly hindered in practical applications by the lowefficiency and difficul...Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants is a well-known and effective technique for pollutant abatement.Unfortunately,this method is significantly hindered in practical applications by the lowefficiency and difficult recovery of the catalysts in a powdery form.Herein,a three-dimensional(3D)framework of Fe-incorporated Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets in-situ grown on Ni foam(Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF)was fabricated by a facile two-step hydrothermal process and applied to trigger peroxymonosulfate(PMS)oxidation of organic compounds inwater.A homogeneous growth environment enabled the uniform and scalable growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets on the Ni foam.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF possessed outstanding activity and durability in activating PMS,as it effectively facilitated electron transfer from organic pollutants to PMS.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF initially supplied electrons to PMS,causing the catalyst to undergo oxidation,and subsequently accepted electrons from organic compounds,returning to its initial state.The introduction of Fe into the Ni_(3)S_(2)lattice enhanced electrical conductivity,promoting mediated electron transfer between PMS and organic compounds.The 3D conductive Ni foam provided an ideal platform for the nucleation and growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2),accelerating pollutant abatement due to its porous structure and high conductivity.Furthermore,its monolithic nature simplified the catalyst recycling process.A continuous flow packed-bed reactor by encapsulating Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF catalyst achieved complete pollutant abatement with continuous operation for 240 h,highlighting its immense potential for practical environmental remediation.This study presents a facile synthesis method for creating a novel type of monolithic catalyst with high activity and durability for decontamination through Fenton-like processes.展开更多
The effect of Cr addition on nickel aluminium bronze(NAB)alloy microstructure,mechanical properties,and erosion-corrosion behaviour has been studied.The results show that Cr addition does not change the composition of...The effect of Cr addition on nickel aluminium bronze(NAB)alloy microstructure,mechanical properties,and erosion-corrosion behaviour has been studied.The results show that Cr addition does not change the composition of the precipitated phases,more Cr entered theκphase and a small amount of Cr solubilized in the matrix,which increase the hardness of theκand matrix and decrease the potential difference between theκand matrix.NAB alloy with Cr shows high erosion-corrosion resistance at high flow rate conditions,due to its lower phase potential difference and higher surface hardness.At the flow rate of 3 m·s^(-1),the corrosion rate is 0.076 mm·year^(-1),which is~20%lower than that of the unadded Cr sample.Moreover,the corrosion product film contains Cr_(2)O_(3)and Cr^(3+),which improves the densification of the film and raises alloy’s corrosion resistance with Cr addition.The combination of mechanical and corrosion resistant properties may qualify this alloy as a potential candidate material for sustainable and safe equipment.展开更多
A pyrimidine derivative,6-phenyl-2-thiouracil(PT),was synthesized for developing a corrosion inhibitor(CI)applied in the protection of the nickel−aluminum bronze(NAB)in seawater.The anti-corrosion effect of PT was eva...A pyrimidine derivative,6-phenyl-2-thiouracil(PT),was synthesized for developing a corrosion inhibitor(CI)applied in the protection of the nickel−aluminum bronze(NAB)in seawater.The anti-corrosion effect of PT was evaluated by the mass loss experiment,electrochemical tests and surface analysis.The results show that PT exhibits excellent inhibition performance and the maximum inhibition efficiency of PT reaches 99.6%.The interaction mechanism was investigated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and molecule dynamics simulation based on the density functional theory(DFT).The S-Cu,Al-N and Cu-N bonds are formed by the chemical interactions,leading to the adsorption of PT on the NAB surface.The diffusion of corrosive species is hindered considerably by the protective PT film with composition of(PT-Cu)_(ads)and(PT-Al)_(ads)on the PT/NAB interface.The degree of suppression is increased with the addition of more PT molecules.展开更多
The rapid industrial growth and increasing population have led to significant pollution and deterioration of the natural atmospheric environment.Major atmospheric pollutants include NO_(2)and CO_(2).Hence,it is impera...The rapid industrial growth and increasing population have led to significant pollution and deterioration of the natural atmospheric environment.Major atmospheric pollutants include NO_(2)and CO_(2).Hence,it is imperative to develop NO_(2)and CO_(2)sensors for ambient conditions,that can be used in indoor air quality monitoring,breath analysis,food spoilage detection,etc.In the present study,two thin film nanocomposite(nickel oxide-graphene and nickel oxide-silver nanowires)gas sensors are fabricated using direct ink writing.The nano-composites are investigated for their structural,optical,and electrical properties.Later the nano-composite is deposited on the interdigitated electrode(IDE)pattern to form NO_(2)and CO_(2)sensors.The deposited films are then exposed to NO_(2)and CO_(2)gases separately and their response and recovery times are determined using a custom-built gas sensing setup.Nickel oxide-graphene provides a good response time and recovery time of 10 and 9 s,respectively for NO_(2),due to the higher electron affinity of graphene towards NO_(2).Nickel oxide-silver nanowire nano-composite is suited for CO_(2)gas because silver is an excellent electrocatalyst for CO_(2)by giving response and recovery times of 11 s each.This is the first report showcasing NiO nano-composites for NO_(2)and CO_(2)sensing at room temperature.展开更多
Dear Editor,On March 8–15,2022,a board of international scientists assembled in Lyon to evaluate the carcinogenicity of cobalt metal,cobalt(Ⅱ)salts,antimony trioxide,and weaponsgrade tungsten alloy harboring nickel ...Dear Editor,On March 8–15,2022,a board of international scientists assembled in Lyon to evaluate the carcinogenicity of cobalt metal,cobalt(Ⅱ)salts,antimony trioxide,and weaponsgrade tungsten alloy harboring nickel and cobalt[1].The 131st International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)Monograph is the result of a 6–9-month work of perusing the literature,slide evaluation,data interpretation,and interim meetings.The assessment of cobalt,antimony,and nickelcontaining alloys will have tremendous consequences for the industry,health,and defense departments[1].展开更多
Fine nickel powders with a narrow particle size distribution were prepared by reducing nickel hydroxide in aqueous solution.The formation and reduction pathways of nickel powder were analyzed,as well as the effects of...Fine nickel powders with a narrow particle size distribution were prepared by reducing nickel hydroxide in aqueous solution.The formation and reduction pathways of nickel powder were analyzed,as well as the effects of the molar ratio of hydrazine hydrate to nickel hydroxide,hydrazine concentration,and the dosage of surfactant PEG6000 on particle size,surface morphology,and dispersion.Results reveal that the nickel particle nucleation occurs on the nickel hydroxide surface,and the nickel hydroxide gradually dissolves during the reaction.With the increase in molar ratio of hydrazine hydrate to nickel hydroxide,the nickel particle size is initially decreased and then increased.Higher hydrazine hydrate concentrations result in smaller particle sizes.A small amount of PEG6000 surfactant can improve dispersion of nickel particles,but a higher amount of PEG6000 surfactant results in the maintenance of the morphology of nickel hydroxide.Adjusting the surfactant dosage can control the average particle size between 1-2μm.展开更多
An efficient visible-light induced nickel-catalyzed reductive Heck reaction of alkenes by using mild organic reductant Hantzsch ester(HEH)instead of traditional metal reductants or hydride reagents was developed.The r...An efficient visible-light induced nickel-catalyzed reductive Heck reaction of alkenes by using mild organic reductant Hantzsch ester(HEH)instead of traditional metal reductants or hydride reagents was developed.The reductive hydroarylation of acrylates with aryl halides was successfully achieved without requiring exogenous photoredox catalysts.This reaction is highlighted by the simple and mild conditions,good functional group tolerance,thus providing a complementary approach for alkenes reductive Heck reaction.展开更多
High-performance pure nickel N6/steel 45#composite plate(N6/45#)was prepared using explosive welding technique.The microstructure of the interface and nearby regions was characterized and analyzed by optical microscop...High-performance pure nickel N6/steel 45#composite plate(N6/45#)was prepared using explosive welding technique.The microstructure of the interface and nearby regions was characterized and analyzed by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,electron backscatter diffraction,and mechanical property testing,and the microstructural features and mechanical properties of the explosive welding interface were explored.The results show that along the direction of explosive welding,the pure nickel N6/steel 45#composite plate interface gradually evolves from a flat bond to a typical wavy bond.The grains at the crests and troughs exhibit high heterogeneity,and the closer to the interface,the finer the grains.Recrystallization and low-stress deformation bands are formed at the bonding interface.Nanoindentation tests reveal that plastic deformation occurs in the interfacial bonding zone,and the nanohardness values in the crest regions are higher than that in the trough regions.The tensile strength of the N6/45#interface is 599.8 MPa,with an average shear strength of 326.3 MPa.No separation phenomenon is observed between N6 and 45#after the bending test.展开更多
A direct hydrometallurgical route for nickel and molybdenum extraction from a nickel-molybdenum （Ni-Mo） ore using pressure acid leaching was studied. The nickel and molybdenum were extracted by acid leaching under o...A direct hydrometallurgical route for nickel and molybdenum extraction from a nickel-molybdenum （Ni-Mo） ore using pressure acid leaching was studied. The nickel and molybdenum were extracted by acid leaching under oxygen pressure. Compared with traditional roasting methods, this hydrometallurgical method eliminates SO2 and As203 emission （the Ni-Mo ore containing 15%-25% S）. Compared with existing alkali leaching recovery of molybdenum process, almost all the nickel and considerable molybdenum were extracted in the acid leaching process. Under oxygen pressure conditions, almost all the nickel and a substantial part of the molybdenum were dissolved into the acid leaching liquor and the other part of the molybdenum was left in the acid leach residue. The acid leach residue was further leached under alkaline （NaOH） conditions. Under optimal experimental conditions, the extraction rates nickel and molybdenum reached 97% and 96%, respectively.展开更多
To acquire understanding of Ni enrichment from laterite ore,the mineralogy and crystal chemistry of a low grade limonite type nickel laterite ore sample assaying 0.97% Ni from Indonesia were studied using optical micr...To acquire understanding of Ni enrichment from laterite ore,the mineralogy and crystal chemistry of a low grade limonite type nickel laterite ore sample assaying 0.97% Ni from Indonesia were studied using optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and electron probe microanalysis（EPMA）.According to EPMA results,the mineral includes 80% goethite（（Fe,Ni,Al）O（OH）） with 0.87% Ni,15% silicate minerals with lizardite（（Mg,Fe,Ni）3Si2O5（OH）） and olivine（（Mg,Fe,Ni）2SiO4）,and 1.19% Ni,and other minor phases,such as hematite,maghemite,chromite and quartz,and no Ni was detected.The mineralogy of the laterite ore indicates that due to the complicated association of the various phases and the variable distribution of Ni,this refractory laterite ore can not be upgraded by traditional physical beneficiation processes.展开更多
Fine nickel ferrite precursors NiFe2（C204）3·6H2O were obtained via co-precipitation method with low grade nickel matte as the raw material. Thermodynamic analysis of NiClz-FeC12-（NH4）2C204-H20 system for prec...Fine nickel ferrite precursors NiFe2（C204）3·6H2O were obtained via co-precipitation method with low grade nickel matte as the raw material. Thermodynamic analysis of NiClz-FeC12-（NH4）2C204-H20 system for precipitation identified that the theoretical optimum co-precipitation pH value is 2, and C2O2 has strong complexation with Ni2＋ and Fe2＋ ions. Based on these theoretical considerations, the effects of parameters on the precipitation rates and precursors size were investigated systematically. The results show that the optimum co-precipitation conditions are pH=2, temperature 45 ℃, 1.2 times theoretical amount of （NH4）2C204 dosage and 3% PEG400 addition. Under these conditions, the precipitation rates of Ni2＋ and Fe2＋ are both over 99.8%, with the precursors size of 1-2 urn. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA） demonstrate that the precursors are single-phase solid solution, wherein the nickel/iron atoms are replaced by the iron/nickel atoms reciprocally.展开更多
Herein,we describe a nickel-catalyzed reductive decarboxylative difluoromethylation reaction of alkenes using inexpensive and easy-to-handle difluoroacetic anhydride(DFAA)/pyridine N-oxide reagent system.A variety of ...Herein,we describe a nickel-catalyzed reductive decarboxylative difluoromethylation reaction of alkenes using inexpensive and easy-to-handle difluoroacetic anhydride(DFAA)/pyridine N-oxide reagent system.A variety of C(sp^(3))-CF_(2)H containing compounds were prepared through a hydrodifluoromethylation process.Besides,various gem–difluoroalkenes bearing CF_(2)H group were synthesized via defluorinative reductive cross-coupling process from trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes using this new reaction system.Difluoroacetic anhydride has been then extended to other common alkyl anhydrides,and the corresponding hydroalkylation and defluoroalkylation processes have been successfully achieved.This method features broad substrate scope,good functional group tolerance as well as high efficiency.展开更多
Researchers have shown significant interest in modulating the peroxidase-like activity of nanozymes.Among these,bimetallic nanozymes have shown superior peroxidase-like activity over monometallic counterparts,offering...Researchers have shown significant interest in modulating the peroxidase-like activity of nanozymes.Among these,bimetallic nanozymes have shown superior peroxidase-like activity over monometallic counterparts,offering enhanced performance and cost-efficiency in nanozyme designs.Herein,bimetallic nanozymes comprising nickel(Ni)and osmium(Os)incorporated into hyaluronate(HA)have been developed,resulting in HA-Nin/Os nanoclusters.Subsequently,comprehensive characterizations have been conducted.Further investigation has revealed that HA-Nin/Os efficiently catalyzed 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)oxidation with hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),confirming its peroxidase-like behavior and role as a nanozyme.Impressively,HA-Ni_(2)/Os(Ni/Os=2:1)displays heightened substrate affinity,accelerated reaction rates,enhanced hydroxyl radical production in acidic conditions,and exhibits activity unit of 1224 U/mg,representing more than two-fold increase compared to non-Ni-supported Os nanozyme.Theoretical calculations indicate that Ni support enhances the peroxidase-like process of Os nanozyme by improving H_(2)O_(2) adsorption and TMB oxidation.Crucially,the support of Ni does not significantly alter the other enzyme-like activities of Os nanozymes,thereby enabling Ni to selectively enhance their peroxidase-like activity.In terms of application,the peroxidase-like ability of HA-Ni_(2)/Os,facilitated by HA's carboxyl groups enabling crosslinking,proves effective in a squamous carcinoma antigen immunoassay.Moreover,HA-Ni_(2)/Os exhibit reliable stability,promising as a peroxidase substitute.This work underscores the advantages of incorporating Ni into Os,specifically enhancing peroxidase-like activity,highlighting the potential of Os bimetallic nanozymes for peroxidase-based applications.展开更多
Some novel manganese and nickel complexes were synthesized by reacting manganese(Ⅱ) dichloride and nickel(Ⅱ) dichloride with pyridyl-imine ligands differing in the nature of the substituents at the imino nitrogen at...Some novel manganese and nickel complexes were synthesized by reacting manganese(Ⅱ) dichloride and nickel(Ⅱ) dichloride with pyridyl-imine ligands differing in the nature of the substituents at the imino nitrogen atom. All the complexes were characterized by analytical and infrared data: for some of them single crystals were obtained, and their molecular structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. The complexes were used in association with methylaluminoxane(MAO) for the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene obtaining active and selective catalysts giving predominantly 1,2 polybutadiene in case of manganese catalysts and exclusively cis-1,4 polybutadiene in case of nickel catalysts.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12462006)Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering Joint Innovation Fund(No.BQJJ202414).
文摘THE mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of pure nickel under nanoindentation were systematically investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,with a particular focus on the novel interplay between crystallographic orientation,grain boundary(GB)proximity,and pore characteristics(size/location).This study compares single-crystal nickel models along[100],[110],and[111]orientations with equiaxed polycrystalline models containing 0,1,and 2.5 nm pores in surface and subsurface configurations.Our results reveal that crystallographic anisotropy manifests as a 24.4%higher elastic modulus and 22.2%greater hardness in[111]-oriented single crystals compared to[100].Pore-GB synergistic effects are found to dominate the deformation behavior:2.5 nm subsurface pores reduce hardness by 25.2%through stress concentration and dislocation annihilation at GBs,whereas surface pores enable mechanical recovery via accelerated dislocation generation post-collapse.Additionally,size-dependent deformation regimes were identified,with 1 nm pores inducing negligible perturbation due to rapid atomic rearrangement,in contrast with persistent softening in 2.5 nm pores.These findings establish atomic-scale design principles for defect engineering in nickel-based aerospace components,demonstrating how crystallographic orientation,pore configuration,and GB interactions collectively govern nanoindentation behavior.
基金This research was jointly supported by the China Geological Survey Project(DD20211404)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2019LH05028).
文摘With the development of the new energy industry and the depletion of nickel sulfide ore resources,laterite nickel ore has become the main source of primary nickel,and nickel for power batteries has become a new growth point in consumption.This paper systematically summarizes the processes,parameters,products,recovery rates,environmental indicators,costs,advantages,disadvantages and the latest research progress of mainstream nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore.It also provides a comparative analysis of the environmental impact and economic efficiency of different nickel extraction processes.It is found that the current nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore globally for commercial production mainly include the RKEF process for producing ferronickel and the HPAL process for producing intermediate products.The former accounts for about 80%of laterite nickel ore production.Compared to each other,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity for the RKEF is about 43000$,with an operational cost of about 16000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 77%–90%.Its products are mainly used in stainless steels.For the HPAL process,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity is about 56000$,with an operational cost of about 15000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 83%–90%.Its products are mainly used in power batteries.The significant differences between the two lies in energy consumption and carbon emissions,with the RKEF being 2.18 and 2.37 times that of the HPAL,respectively.Although the use of clean energy can greatly reduce the operational cost and environmental impact of RKEF,if RKEF is converted to producing high Ni matte,its economic and environmental performance still cannot match that of the HPAL and oxygen-enriched side-blown processes.Therefore,it can be inferred that with the increasing demand for nickel in power batteries,HPAL and oxygen-enriched side blowing processes will play a greater role in laterite nickel extraction.
文摘Exploration budgets for primary battery metals-nickel,lithium and cobalt-tempered in 2024 at$1.697 billion,reflecting a marginal 0.4%decline and a virtually flat annual total,compared to$1.704 billion in 2023.Below is an introduction to the 2024 global exploration trends and prospects for lithium,cobalt,and nickel battery metals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52473299,52201009,52301013 and52231008)the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2024GXJS006)+1 种基金International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of Hainan Province(No.GHYF2023007)the Education Department of Hainan Province(No.Hnky2024ZD-2)。
文摘The development of cost-effective and energy-efficient anode materials is essential for the advancement of industrial water electrolysis.Herein,we report a rapid,ambient-temperature method to prepare largearea nickel mesh electrodes(SFN/NM)via surface functionalization completed within 3 min,without relying on thermal treatments or noble metals.The as-prepared electrodes achieve a high current density of 100 m A/cm^(2)at an overpotential of just 300 m V in 6 mol/L KOH,and exhibit remarkable stability over1600 h of continuous operation.With comparable activity to commercial Raney nickel yet significantly lower processing and material costs(reduced by 50%-70%),this approach provides a practical solution for low-energy water splitting.Beyond its industrial relevance,the strategy offers a scalable model for engineering high-performance OER electrodes,inspiring future directions in electrocatalyst design.
基金the financial support by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201282,52071281,52371239)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742945)+4 种基金Hebei Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.B2023003023)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2022033)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.C2022203003)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Project(No.2020ZD0012)the Baotou Science and Technology Planning Project(No.XM2022BT09).
文摘La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation properties.However,the cycling stability is not currently satisfactory enough which plagues its application.Herein,a strategy of partially substituting La with the Y element is proposed to boost the capacity durability of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.Furthermore,phase structure regulation is implemented simultaneously to obtain the A5 B19-type alloy with good crystal stability specifically.It is found that Y promotes the phase formation of the Pr5 Co19-type phase after annealing at 985℃.The alloy containing Y contributes to the superior rate capability resulting from the promoted hydrogen diffusion rate.Notably,Y substitution enables strengthening the anti-pulverization ability of the alloy in terms of increasing the volume match between[A_(2)B_(4)]and[AB5]subunits,and effectively enhances the anti-corrosion ability of the alloy due to high electronegativity,realizing improved long-term cycling stability of the alloy from 74.2%to 78.5%after cycling 300 times.The work is expected to shed light on the composition and structure design of the La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.22278092,22078116 and 22222805)Guangdong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2020B1111380002)+2 种基金Science and Technology Research Project of Guangzhou(Nos.2023A03J0034,2023A04J0077 and 202102020467)State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(No.202313)Key Discipline of Materials Science and Engineering,Bureau of Education of Guangzhou(No.202255464).
文摘Developing high-capacity carbon-based anode materials is crucial for enhancing the performance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this study,we presented a nitrogen-doped lignin mesoporous carbon/nickel/nickel oxide(NHMC/Ni/NiO)nanocomposite for developing high-capacity LIBs anode materials through carbonization and selective etching strategies.The synthesized NMHC/Ni/NiO-0.33 composite exhibited a highly regular microstructure with well-dispersed Ni/NiO particles.The composite had a surface area of 408 m^(2)·g^(−1),a mesopore ratio of 75.0%,and a pyridine–nitrogen ratio of 58.9%.The introduction of nitrogen atoms reduced the disordered structure of lignin mesoporous carbon and enhanced its electrical conductivity,thus improving the lithium storage capabilities of the composite.Following 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A·g^(−1),the composite demonstrated enhanced Coulomb efficiency and rate performance,achieving a specific discharge capacity of 1230.9 mAh·g^(−1).At a high-current density of 1 A·g^(−1),the composite exhibited an excellent specific discharge capacity of 714.6 mAh·g^(−1).This study presents an innovative method for synthesizing high-performance anode materials of LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21876039)Y.Yao acknowledges the scholarship support from the China Scholarship Council(No.202106695010)Partial support from the Australian Research Council for DP230102406 is also acknowledged.
文摘Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants is a well-known and effective technique for pollutant abatement.Unfortunately,this method is significantly hindered in practical applications by the lowefficiency and difficult recovery of the catalysts in a powdery form.Herein,a three-dimensional(3D)framework of Fe-incorporated Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets in-situ grown on Ni foam(Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF)was fabricated by a facile two-step hydrothermal process and applied to trigger peroxymonosulfate(PMS)oxidation of organic compounds inwater.A homogeneous growth environment enabled the uniform and scalable growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets on the Ni foam.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF possessed outstanding activity and durability in activating PMS,as it effectively facilitated electron transfer from organic pollutants to PMS.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF initially supplied electrons to PMS,causing the catalyst to undergo oxidation,and subsequently accepted electrons from organic compounds,returning to its initial state.The introduction of Fe into the Ni_(3)S_(2)lattice enhanced electrical conductivity,promoting mediated electron transfer between PMS and organic compounds.The 3D conductive Ni foam provided an ideal platform for the nucleation and growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2),accelerating pollutant abatement due to its porous structure and high conductivity.Furthermore,its monolithic nature simplified the catalyst recycling process.A continuous flow packed-bed reactor by encapsulating Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF catalyst achieved complete pollutant abatement with continuous operation for 240 h,highlighting its immense potential for practical environmental remediation.This study presents a facile synthesis method for creating a novel type of monolithic catalyst with high activity and durability for decontamination through Fenton-like processes.
基金supported by Beijing Nova Program(No.20230484371)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3700700).
文摘The effect of Cr addition on nickel aluminium bronze(NAB)alloy microstructure,mechanical properties,and erosion-corrosion behaviour has been studied.The results show that Cr addition does not change the composition of the precipitated phases,more Cr entered theκphase and a small amount of Cr solubilized in the matrix,which increase the hardness of theκand matrix and decrease the potential difference between theκand matrix.NAB alloy with Cr shows high erosion-corrosion resistance at high flow rate conditions,due to its lower phase potential difference and higher surface hardness.At the flow rate of 3 m·s^(-1),the corrosion rate is 0.076 mm·year^(-1),which is~20%lower than that of the unadded Cr sample.Moreover,the corrosion product film contains Cr_(2)O_(3)and Cr^(3+),which improves the densification of the film and raises alloy’s corrosion resistance with Cr addition.The combination of mechanical and corrosion resistant properties may qualify this alloy as a potential candidate material for sustainable and safe equipment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171069).
文摘A pyrimidine derivative,6-phenyl-2-thiouracil(PT),was synthesized for developing a corrosion inhibitor(CI)applied in the protection of the nickel−aluminum bronze(NAB)in seawater.The anti-corrosion effect of PT was evaluated by the mass loss experiment,electrochemical tests and surface analysis.The results show that PT exhibits excellent inhibition performance and the maximum inhibition efficiency of PT reaches 99.6%.The interaction mechanism was investigated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and molecule dynamics simulation based on the density functional theory(DFT).The S-Cu,Al-N and Cu-N bonds are formed by the chemical interactions,leading to the adsorption of PT on the NAB surface.The diffusion of corrosive species is hindered considerably by the protective PT film with composition of(PT-Cu)_(ads)and(PT-Al)_(ads)on the PT/NAB interface.The degree of suppression is increased with the addition of more PT molecules.
文摘The rapid industrial growth and increasing population have led to significant pollution and deterioration of the natural atmospheric environment.Major atmospheric pollutants include NO_(2)and CO_(2).Hence,it is imperative to develop NO_(2)and CO_(2)sensors for ambient conditions,that can be used in indoor air quality monitoring,breath analysis,food spoilage detection,etc.In the present study,two thin film nanocomposite(nickel oxide-graphene and nickel oxide-silver nanowires)gas sensors are fabricated using direct ink writing.The nano-composites are investigated for their structural,optical,and electrical properties.Later the nano-composite is deposited on the interdigitated electrode(IDE)pattern to form NO_(2)and CO_(2)sensors.The deposited films are then exposed to NO_(2)and CO_(2)gases separately and their response and recovery times are determined using a custom-built gas sensing setup.Nickel oxide-graphene provides a good response time and recovery time of 10 and 9 s,respectively for NO_(2),due to the higher electron affinity of graphene towards NO_(2).Nickel oxide-silver nanowire nano-composite is suited for CO_(2)gas because silver is an excellent electrocatalyst for CO_(2)by giving response and recovery times of 11 s each.This is the first report showcasing NiO nano-composites for NO_(2)and CO_(2)sensing at room temperature.
文摘Dear Editor,On March 8–15,2022,a board of international scientists assembled in Lyon to evaluate the carcinogenicity of cobalt metal,cobalt(Ⅱ)salts,antimony trioxide,and weaponsgrade tungsten alloy harboring nickel and cobalt[1].The 131st International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)Monograph is the result of a 6–9-month work of perusing the literature,slide evaluation,data interpretation,and interim meetings.The assessment of cobalt,antimony,and nickelcontaining alloys will have tremendous consequences for the industry,health,and defense departments[1].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51704257,52174350)Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Program(2024AQ2039)。
文摘Fine nickel powders with a narrow particle size distribution were prepared by reducing nickel hydroxide in aqueous solution.The formation and reduction pathways of nickel powder were analyzed,as well as the effects of the molar ratio of hydrazine hydrate to nickel hydroxide,hydrazine concentration,and the dosage of surfactant PEG6000 on particle size,surface morphology,and dispersion.Results reveal that the nickel particle nucleation occurs on the nickel hydroxide surface,and the nickel hydroxide gradually dissolves during the reaction.With the increase in molar ratio of hydrazine hydrate to nickel hydroxide,the nickel particle size is initially decreased and then increased.Higher hydrazine hydrate concentrations result in smaller particle sizes.A small amount of PEG6000 surfactant can improve dispersion of nickel particles,but a higher amount of PEG6000 surfactant results in the maintenance of the morphology of nickel hydroxide.Adjusting the surfactant dosage can control the average particle size between 1-2μm.
文摘An efficient visible-light induced nickel-catalyzed reductive Heck reaction of alkenes by using mild organic reductant Hantzsch ester(HEH)instead of traditional metal reductants or hydride reagents was developed.The reductive hydroarylation of acrylates with aryl halides was successfully achieved without requiring exogenous photoredox catalysts.This reaction is highlighted by the simple and mild conditions,good functional group tolerance,thus providing a complementary approach for alkenes reductive Heck reaction.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021221149)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(202302010101006,202202150401016)+1 种基金Scientific Research Start-up Fund for the Introduction of Talents in Shanxi Institute of Electronic Science and Technology(2023RKJ021)Key R&D Program of Linfen City(2334)。
文摘High-performance pure nickel N6/steel 45#composite plate(N6/45#)was prepared using explosive welding technique.The microstructure of the interface and nearby regions was characterized and analyzed by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,electron backscatter diffraction,and mechanical property testing,and the microstructural features and mechanical properties of the explosive welding interface were explored.The results show that along the direction of explosive welding,the pure nickel N6/steel 45#composite plate interface gradually evolves from a flat bond to a typical wavy bond.The grains at the crests and troughs exhibit high heterogeneity,and the closer to the interface,the finer the grains.Recrystallization and low-stress deformation bands are formed at the bonding interface.Nanoindentation tests reveal that plastic deformation occurs in the interfacial bonding zone,and the nanohardness values in the crest regions are higher than that in the trough regions.The tensile strength of the N6/45#interface is 599.8 MPa,with an average shear strength of 326.3 MPa.No separation phenomenon is observed between N6 and 45#after the bending test.
基金Projects(51174104,50874053)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2009AA06Z106)supported by Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(20115314110001)supported by Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China
文摘A direct hydrometallurgical route for nickel and molybdenum extraction from a nickel-molybdenum （Ni-Mo） ore using pressure acid leaching was studied. The nickel and molybdenum were extracted by acid leaching under oxygen pressure. Compared with traditional roasting methods, this hydrometallurgical method eliminates SO2 and As203 emission （the Ni-Mo ore containing 15%-25% S）. Compared with existing alkali leaching recovery of molybdenum process, almost all the nickel and considerable molybdenum were extracted in the acid leaching process. Under oxygen pressure conditions, almost all the nickel and a substantial part of the molybdenum were dissolved into the acid leaching liquor and the other part of the molybdenum was left in the acid leach residue. The acid leach residue was further leached under alkaline （NaOH） conditions. Under optimal experimental conditions, the extraction rates nickel and molybdenum reached 97% and 96%, respectively.
基金Project (50974135) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To acquire understanding of Ni enrichment from laterite ore,the mineralogy and crystal chemistry of a low grade limonite type nickel laterite ore sample assaying 0.97% Ni from Indonesia were studied using optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and electron probe microanalysis（EPMA）.According to EPMA results,the mineral includes 80% goethite（（Fe,Ni,Al）O（OH）） with 0.87% Ni,15% silicate minerals with lizardite（（Mg,Fe,Ni）3Si2O5（OH）） and olivine（（Mg,Fe,Ni）2SiO4）,and 1.19% Ni,and other minor phases,such as hematite,maghemite,chromite and quartz,and no Ni was detected.The mineralogy of the laterite ore indicates that due to the complicated association of the various phases and the variable distribution of Ni,this refractory laterite ore can not be upgraded by traditional physical beneficiation processes.
基金Project(2012BAB10B04) supported by National Key Technology R&D Program of ChinaProject supported by Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China
文摘Fine nickel ferrite precursors NiFe2（C204）3·6H2O were obtained via co-precipitation method with low grade nickel matte as the raw material. Thermodynamic analysis of NiClz-FeC12-（NH4）2C204-H20 system for precipitation identified that the theoretical optimum co-precipitation pH value is 2, and C2O2 has strong complexation with Ni2＋ and Fe2＋ ions. Based on these theoretical considerations, the effects of parameters on the precipitation rates and precursors size were investigated systematically. The results show that the optimum co-precipitation conditions are pH=2, temperature 45 ℃, 1.2 times theoretical amount of （NH4）2C204 dosage and 3% PEG400 addition. Under these conditions, the precipitation rates of Ni2＋ and Fe2＋ are both over 99.8%, with the precursors size of 1-2 urn. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA） demonstrate that the precursors are single-phase solid solution, wherein the nickel/iron atoms are replaced by the iron/nickel atoms reciprocally.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.21877067)Tsinghua-Peking Centre for Life Science。
文摘Herein,we describe a nickel-catalyzed reductive decarboxylative difluoromethylation reaction of alkenes using inexpensive and easy-to-handle difluoroacetic anhydride(DFAA)/pyridine N-oxide reagent system.A variety of C(sp^(3))-CF_(2)H containing compounds were prepared through a hydrodifluoromethylation process.Besides,various gem–difluoroalkenes bearing CF_(2)H group were synthesized via defluorinative reductive cross-coupling process from trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes using this new reaction system.Difluoroacetic anhydride has been then extended to other common alkyl anhydrides,and the corresponding hydroalkylation and defluoroalkylation processes have been successfully achieved.This method features broad substrate scope,good functional group tolerance as well as high efficiency.
基金financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J01271)the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology,Fujian Province(No.2023Y9226)+1 种基金the Introduced High-Level Talent Team Project of Quanzhou City(No.2023CT008)the Doctoral Research Foundation Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University(No.BS202201)。
文摘Researchers have shown significant interest in modulating the peroxidase-like activity of nanozymes.Among these,bimetallic nanozymes have shown superior peroxidase-like activity over monometallic counterparts,offering enhanced performance and cost-efficiency in nanozyme designs.Herein,bimetallic nanozymes comprising nickel(Ni)and osmium(Os)incorporated into hyaluronate(HA)have been developed,resulting in HA-Nin/Os nanoclusters.Subsequently,comprehensive characterizations have been conducted.Further investigation has revealed that HA-Nin/Os efficiently catalyzed 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)oxidation with hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),confirming its peroxidase-like behavior and role as a nanozyme.Impressively,HA-Ni_(2)/Os(Ni/Os=2:1)displays heightened substrate affinity,accelerated reaction rates,enhanced hydroxyl radical production in acidic conditions,and exhibits activity unit of 1224 U/mg,representing more than two-fold increase compared to non-Ni-supported Os nanozyme.Theoretical calculations indicate that Ni support enhances the peroxidase-like process of Os nanozyme by improving H_(2)O_(2) adsorption and TMB oxidation.Crucially,the support of Ni does not significantly alter the other enzyme-like activities of Os nanozymes,thereby enabling Ni to selectively enhance their peroxidase-like activity.In terms of application,the peroxidase-like ability of HA-Ni_(2)/Os,facilitated by HA's carboxyl groups enabling crosslinking,proves effective in a squamous carcinoma antigen immunoassay.Moreover,HA-Ni_(2)/Os exhibit reliable stability,promising as a peroxidase substitute.This work underscores the advantages of incorporating Ni into Os,specifically enhancing peroxidase-like activity,highlighting the potential of Os bimetallic nanozymes for peroxidase-based applications.
文摘Some novel manganese and nickel complexes were synthesized by reacting manganese(Ⅱ) dichloride and nickel(Ⅱ) dichloride with pyridyl-imine ligands differing in the nature of the substituents at the imino nitrogen atom. All the complexes were characterized by analytical and infrared data: for some of them single crystals were obtained, and their molecular structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. The complexes were used in association with methylaluminoxane(MAO) for the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene obtaining active and selective catalysts giving predominantly 1,2 polybutadiene in case of manganese catalysts and exclusively cis-1,4 polybutadiene in case of nickel catalysts.
