This study explores the efficacy of advanced antibiotic compounds against P. aeruginosa, focusing on Antibiotic B, an enhanced derivative of Ceftriaxone. The study measured the intracellular uptake of Antibiotic B and...This study explores the efficacy of advanced antibiotic compounds against P. aeruginosa, focusing on Antibiotic B, an enhanced derivative of Ceftriaxone. The study measured the intracellular uptake of Antibiotic B and introduced a novel adjuvant, Influximax, which augmented its antibacterial activity. Results showed a diminished potential for resistance emergence with Antibiotic B, particularly when used in combination with Influximax. The study suggests that optimizing antibiotic delivery into bacterial cells and leveraging syner-gistic adjuvant combinations can enhance drug resistance combat. .展开更多
Antibiotics,as an emerging pollutant due to their extensive use and difficulty in biodegradation,can cause harm to health through bioaccumulation.To address this,various photocatalysts have been developed for rapid an...Antibiotics,as an emerging pollutant due to their extensive use and difficulty in biodegradation,can cause harm to health through bioaccumulation.To address this,various photocatalysts have been developed for rapid antibiotic removal.However,their low concentrations limit mass transfer efficiency,resulting in suboptimal performance.Adsorption is crucial for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency.In this study,a series of binary heterojunction catalysts(x%BWO@STHP)were synthesized,consisting of Bi_(2)WO_(6)(BWO)grafted with sulfonated triptycene-based hypercrosslinked polymer(STHP).The high specific surface area of STHP,combined withπ-πconjugation and ionic interactions with antibiotics,significantly enhances adsorption capacity.This facilitates effective contact between low-concentration pollutants in aqueous solutions and the active sites of the catalyst.The formation of a Z-scheme heterojunction between BWO and STHP facilitates photogenerated charge separation,and further significantly improves photocatalytic degradation performance.Specifically,the 20%BWO@STHP catalyst achieved rapid adsorption equilibrium for oxytetracycline(OTC),doxycycline(DOX),and tetracycline(TC)within 2 min and completely degraded them after 15 min of irradiation.Compared to pristine BWO,the photocatalytic reaction rate constants are significantly increased,being 9.69 times higher for OTC and 13.45 times higher for DOX.The catalyst exhibits excellent reusability and holds promising potential for practical applications.展开更多
To simultaneously enrich,separate,and determine five fluoroquinolone antibiotics(FQs)in marine crude drugs(MCDs),seawater and seafood,we conducted this study using vortex assisted dispersed liquid-liquid microextracti...To simultaneously enrich,separate,and determine five fluoroquinolone antibiotics(FQs)in marine crude drugs(MCDs),seawater and seafood,we conducted this study using vortex assisted dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME),followed by capillary electrophoresis(CE)-UV.A single-variable optimization was employed to examine the factors influencing the separation effect of CE and the extraction efficiency of DLLME,including buffer solution,organic solvent,separation voltage,extractant,dispersant,and sample solution pH.Under the optimal conditions,the baseline separation of the five FQs was achieved within 6 min.The analytical performance of the method was assessed using six types of actual samples,including three MCDs of hippocampus,clam,and kelp,seawater,and two seafood of prawn and pomfret,demonstrating good linearity ranging from 0.1-5 or 0.01-5μg/mL.The limits of detection(LODs)and limits of quantification(LOQs)for the five FQs in MCDs were 0.0022-0.0292 and 0.0066-0.0973μg/mL,respectively.The LODs and LOQs in seawater and seafood were 0.0009-0.0262 and 0.0029-0.0874μg/mL,respectively.The matrix effects of this method were evaluated in the hippocampus,seawater,and prawn,and the results show that DLLME could effectively eliminate matrix interference.Satisfactory recovery rates were achieved in all the six tested actual samples.This developed DLLME-CE method was proven simple to operate,accurate and reliable,with high sensitivity,making it suitable for the analysis of multiple antibiotic residues in complex matrices.展开更多
Chlorinated antibiotics pose great challenges in efficient removal,while for the first time,this work greatly enhanced their electrocatalytic dechlorination performance by construction of non-noble metal Co_(3)O_(4)/g...Chlorinated antibiotics pose great challenges in efficient removal,while for the first time,this work greatly enhanced their electrocatalytic dechlorination performance by construction of non-noble metal Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunctions to improve process cost-effectiveness.The Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction demonstrated an effective removal of 93.6%thiamphenicol(TAP)within 45 min,with the rate constant(0.0584 min^(-1))that was 2.4 and 2.8 times that of Co_(3)O_(4) and g-C_(3)N_(4) alone,respectively.The formation of heterojunctions facilitated electron transfer,enriched the electron density on Co_(3)O_(4),and enhanced the adsorption of pollutants as well as the desorption of degradation intermediates.The enhanced production of atomic hydrogen(H*)of Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4),which increased by 13.6-28.2 times,contributed more to pollutant removal(64.0%),much higher than that of Co_(3)O_(4)(37.3%)and g-C_(3)N_(4)(6.1%).The energy barrier for H_(2) formation on Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)(0.75 eV)was higher than that on Co_(3)O_(4)(-1.84 eV),supporting that it could stabilize H*and inhibit the formation of H_(2).The Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction exhibited stable performance with less impact by pH and co-existing ions,and posed effectiveness for the dechlorination of typical chlorinated antibiotics.This study offers an efficient and sustainable strategy for constructing heterojunctions to enhance the performance of non-noble metal catalysts in electrocatalytic dechlorination.展开更多
The security of the seed industry is crucial for ensuring national food security.Currently,developed countries in Europe and America,along with international seed industry giants,have entered the Breeding 4.0 era.This...The security of the seed industry is crucial for ensuring national food security.Currently,developed countries in Europe and America,along with international seed industry giants,have entered the Breeding 4.0 era.This era integrates biotechnology,artificial intelligence(AI),and big data information technology.In contrast,China is still in a transition period between stages 2.0 and 3.0,which primarily relies on conventional selection and molecular breeding.In the context of increasingly complex international situations,accurately identifying core issues in China's seed industry innovation and seizing the frontier of international seed technology are strategically important.These efforts are essential for ensuring food security and revitalizing the seed industry.This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics of crop breeding data from artificial selection to intelligent design breeding.It explores the applications and development trends of AI and big data in modern crop breeding from several key perspectives.These include highthroughput phenotype acquisition and analysis,multiomics big data database and management system construction,AI-based multiomics integrated analysis,and the development of intelligent breeding software tools based on biological big data and AI technology.Based on an in-depth analysis of the current status and challenges of China's seed industry technology development,we propose strategic goals and key tasks for China's new generation of AI and big data-driven intelligent design breeding.These suggestions aim to accelerate the development of an intelligent-driven crop breeding engineering system that features large-scale gene mining,efficient gene manipulation,engineered variety design,and systematized biobreeding.This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of China's seed industry technology.展开更多
Agricultural soil is related to food security and human health,antibiotics and heavy metals(HMs),as two typical pollutants,possess a high coexistence rate in the environmental medium,which is extremely prone to induci...Agricultural soil is related to food security and human health,antibiotics and heavy metals(HMs),as two typical pollutants,possess a high coexistence rate in the environmental medium,which is extremely prone to inducing antibiotic-HMs combined pollution.Recently,frequent human activities have led to more prominent antibiotics-HMs combined contamination in agricultural soils,especially the production and spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),heavy metal resistance genes(MRGs),antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),and antibiotics-HMs complexes(AMCs),which seriously threaten soil ecology and human health.This review describes the main sources(Intrinsic and manmade sources),composite mechanisms(co-selective resistance,oxidative stress,and Joint toxicity mechanism),environmental fate and the potential risks(soil ecological and human health risks)of antibiotics and HMs in agricultural soils.Finally,the current effective source blocking,transmission control,and attenuation strategies are classified for discussion,such as the application of additives and barrier materials,as well as plant and animal remediation and bioremediation,etc.,pointing out that future research should focus on the whole chain process of“source-processterminal”,intending to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for future research.展开更多
Solar-driven Fenton-like reactions are promising strategies for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater to address environmental challenges and antibiotic pollution.However,its efficacy is limited by suboptimal light abso...Solar-driven Fenton-like reactions are promising strategies for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater to address environmental challenges and antibiotic pollution.However,its efficacy is limited by suboptimal light absorption efficiency,rapid charge recombination,and inadequate interfacial charge transfer.In this study,an inorganic/organic S-scheme photo-Fenton system of pseudobrookite/carbon nitride(FTOCN)was synthesized via a hydrothermally coupled calcination process for the effective purification of tetracycline antibiotics under visible-light irradiation.The optimized FTOCN-2 heterostructure exhibits a significantly enhanced TC degradation capacity of 90%within 60 min.The rate constant of FTOCN-2 is 1.6 and 5.2 times greater than those of FTO and CN,respectively.Furthermore,FTOCN exhibits high antibacterial efficacy,highlighting its potential application in the purification of natural water.Measurements via a range of analytical techniques,including Kelvin probe force microscopy,density functional theory calculations,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,corroborate the S-scheme mechanism.This study provides a novel perspective for the development of photo-Fenton systems with S-scheme heterojunctions for water purification.展开更多
Exploration of stable metal single-site supported porous graphitic carbon nitride(PCN)nanostructures and the development of maximum atom utilization for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of antibiotics remains a chall...Exploration of stable metal single-site supported porous graphitic carbon nitride(PCN)nanostructures and the development of maximum atom utilization for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of antibiotics remains a challenge in current research.This work proposed a one-step thermal copolymerization to obtain Cu(Ⅰ)doping porous carbon nitride(CUCN)through a spontaneously reducing atmosphere by urea in a covered crucible.The obtained CUCN had crumpled ultrathin nanosheets and mesoporous structures,which possessed higher specific surface areas than PCN.From X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES)and Fourier transform extended X-ray absorption fine structure(FT-EXAFS)spectra analysis,the Cu doping existed in the oxidation state of Cu(Ⅰ)as single atoms anchored on the 2D layers of CN through two N neighbors,thereby facilitating efficient pathways for the transfer of photoexcited charge carriers.Furthermore,the photoluminescence(PL)spectra,electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS)and transient photocurrent response test proved the improved separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers for Cu(Ⅰ)introduction.Consequently,the photocatalytic activity of CUCN was much better than that of PCN for antibiotics norfloxacin(NOR),with 4.7-fold higher degradation reaction rate constants.From species-trapping experiments and density function theory(DFT)calculations,the Cu single atoms in Cu-N_(2)served as catalytic sites that could accelerate charge transfer and facilitate the adsorption of molecular oxygen to produce active species.The stable Cu(Ⅰ)embedded in the layer structure led to the excellent recycling test and remained stable after four runs of degradation and even thermal regenerated treatment.The degradation paths of NOR by CUCN under visible light were also demonstrated.Our work sheds light on a sustainable and practical approach for achieving stable metal single-atom doping and enhancing photocatalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants.展开更多
Production of synthetic antibiotics has rapidly expanded to meet the increasing demands in human healthcare,animal husbandry,and agriculture.Meanwhile,however,substantial quantities of untreated antibiotics entered th...Production of synthetic antibiotics has rapidly expanded to meet the increasing demands in human healthcare,animal husbandry,and agriculture.Meanwhile,however,substantial quantities of untreated antibiotics entered the agricultural environment through animal waste,reclaimed wastewater,or biosolids.The existence of drugs in farmland will not only have adverse effects on plant growth and productivity but also lead to antibiotics accumulation and drug resistance.To address this emerging drug contamination issue,this article conducts an indepth and comprehensive analysis of the research on antibiotic pollution in cropland and crops within 20 years.In this article,the bioaccumulation mechanisms of antibiotic in crops were systematically analyzed and discussed,with emphasis on the effects of important influencing factors such as the physico-chemical properties of antibiotics,cultivation environment,and plant morphology.Additionally,this article briefly discusses the various antibiotic extraction and analytical methods,as well as calculation indexes on human risk assessment.At last,the author further analyzed the environmental challenge of antibiotic resistance and provided insights into pollution remediation pathways for future research.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to promote the rational use of special use level of antibiotics in clinic and delay the emergence of drug resistance.[Methods]The application of antibiotics for special use among i...[Objectives]This study was conducted to promote the rational use of special use level of antibiotics in clinic and delay the emergence of drug resistance.[Methods]The application of antibiotics for special use among inpatients of a hospital in 2019 was analyzed.The data in the drug information management system of the hospital were queried,and the collected expert consultation records of special-use antibiotics were sorted out.Indicators including the use rate of special-use antibiotics,antibiotic use density(AUD),defined daily dose system(DDDs)and defined daily dose system cost(DDDc)of each drug,the annual pathogen detection rate,disease distribution and pathogenic microorganism detection were summarized and analyzed for inpatients in the hospital retrospectively.[Results]In 2019,the average annual use rate of special-use antibiotics in the hospital was 1.53%,and the average annual use density was 1.59 DDDs.The antibiotics with the top three DDDs were imipenem and cilastatin,meropenem and cefepime.The antibiotics with the top three DDDc were voriconazole dispersible tablets,voriconazole for injection,and meropenem for injection.The average annual detection rate of microorganisms was 85.77%.The diseases were mainly diagnosed as respiratory infections such as pneumonia and secondary infections after radiotherapy and chemotherapy before medication,and the detected pathogens were mainly Candida and its subspecies,Escherichia coli,and Klebsiella and its subspecies.[Conclusions]The clinical use of special-use antibiotics in the hospital was basically reasonable,but there were still some problems.It is necessary to increase management efforts,strengthen training for relevant medical personnel,and provide management ideas for further standardizing the use of antibiotics in the hospital.展开更多
Both the broad-spectrum bactericidal properties of disinfectants and the inhibitory effects of antibiotics pose potential threats to the activity,functionality,and probiotic properties of Lactid acid bacteria(LAB).The...Both the broad-spectrum bactericidal properties of disinfectants and the inhibitory effects of antibiotics pose potential threats to the activity,functionality,and probiotic properties of Lactid acid bacteria(LAB).Therefore,it is essential to systematically evaluate the tolerance of lactic acid bacteria to common disinfectants and antibiotics.This study assessed 60 LAB strains isolated from the fermented foods for their tolerance to seven disinfectants and nine antibiotics.The results indicated that,compared to pathogenic bacteria,most LAB exhibited stronger tolerance to disinfectants.Sub-inhibitory concentrations of disinfectants inhibited biofilm formation in most LAB,while sub-inhibitory concentrations of glutaraldehyde tended to promote biofilm formation.This suggests that commonly used disinfectants can eliminate pathogenic bacteria without killing LAB,providing guidance for disinfectant use.LAB were highly sensitive to ampicillin and chloramphenicol,while showing some tolerance to norfloxacin,polymyxin,and sulfamethoxazole.This indicates LAB have a notable antibiotic resistance profile,which includes both natural resistance characteristics and instances of acquired resistance,along with multiple drug resistance and cross-resistance between antibiotics and disinfectants.This study provides an important guidance for disinfection practices in industrial utilizing LAB,such as food and biomedicine,and offers a reference for the use of antibiotics.展开更多
Piezocatalytic technology demonstrates significant potential for effectively degrading pollutants and facilitating green chemical reactions,indicating promising development prospects.In this study,multi-flaw MoS_(2) n...Piezocatalytic technology demonstrates significant potential for effectively degrading pollutants and facilitating green chemical reactions,indicating promising development prospects.In this study,multi-flaw MoS_(2) nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method,and CuS nanoparticles were loaded onto their surface to form CuS/MoS_(2) piezocatalysts.The 40%CuS/MoS_(2) nanocomposite achieved an 86%degradation rate of TC under low-power(100 W,40 kHz)ultrasonic irradiation,which are 1.53 and 1.75 times higher than that of pure MoS_(2) and CuS,respectively.Furthermore,piezoresponse force microscopy(PFM)confirmed the excellent piezocatalytic performance of the composite material.The piezocurrent images revealed a significant enhancement in the piezoelectric properties of 40%CuS/MoS_(2),which is attributed to the construction of the CuS/MoS_(2) heterojunction promoting the separation of electrons and holes.This research provides a novel conceptual framework for enhancing the performance of piezocatalytic degradation.展开更多
Developing environmental-friendly non-metal photocatalysts for the efficient removal of antibiotics from environment is a significant challenge.The construction of heterojunction is regarded as a powerful strategy to ...Developing environmental-friendly non-metal photocatalysts for the efficient removal of antibiotics from environment is a significant challenge.The construction of heterojunction is regarded as a powerful strategy to enhance the photodegradation efficiency of photocatalysts for pollutants,being due that this strategy can effectively suppress the recombination of the photo-induced electron and hole.In this research,a novel double Z-scheme BN/C_(60)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction was successfully synthesized via one-step synthetic approach.Based on a series of experimental characterization,BN/C_(60)/g-C_(3)N_(4) is most likely formed via the interaction between N element of BN and g-C_(3)N_(4) with C_(60) under UV-light irradiation.The band structures of BN,C_(60),g-C_(3)N_(4) and the internal electric field among them suggest that BN/C_(60)/g-C_(3)N_(4) may has a direct double z-type band arrangement,which facilitates efficient charge transfer.The photodegradation rate of BN/C_(60)/g-C_(3)N_(4) for tetracycline reached 90.1%,which is 2.9 times higher than that observed with BN and 2.3 times higher than that of g-C_(3)N_(4).BN/C_(60)/g-C_(3)N_(4) exhibits remarkable photocatalytic performance across a wide pH range and in the influence of different anions.This study offers significant insights about how to design double z-scheme metal-free photocatalyst with high photodegradation efficiency for antibiotic.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pepsinogen(PG)and the PG I/II ratio(PGR)are critical indicators for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis,and assessing gastric cancer risk.Existing reference intervals(RIs...BACKGROUND Pepsinogen(PG)and the PG I/II ratio(PGR)are critical indicators for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis,and assessing gastric cancer risk.Existing reference intervals(RIs)often overlook age,sex,and demographic variations.Partitioned RIs,while considering these factors,fail to capture the gradual age-related physiological changes.Next-generation RIs offer a solution to this limitation.AIM To investigate age-and sex-specific dynamics of PG and establish next-generation RIs for adults and the elderly in northern China.METHODS After screening,708 healthy individuals were included in this observational study.Serum PG was measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay.Age-and sex-related effects on PG were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance.RI partitioning was determined by the standard deviation ratio(SDR).Traditional RIs were established using a non-parametric approach.Generalized Additive Models for Location,Scale,and Shape(GAMLSS)modeled age-related trends and continuous reference percentiles for PG I and PG II.Reference limit flagging rates for both RI types were compared.RESULTS PG I and PG II levels were influenced by age(P<0.001)and sex(P<0.001),while PGR remained stable.Age-specific RIs were required for PG I(SDR=0.366)and PG II(SDR=0.424).Partitioned RIs were established for PG I and PG II,with a single RI for PGR.GAMLSS modeling revealed distinct age-dependent trajectories:PG I increased from a median of 39.75μg/L at age 20 years to 49.75μg/L at age 60 years,a 25.16%increase,after which it plateaued through age 80 years.In contrast,PG II showed a continuous rise throughout the age range,with the median value increasing from 5.07μg/L at age 20 years to 8.36μg/L at age 80 years,corresponding to a 64.89%increase.Continuous reference percentiles intuitively reflected these trends and were detailed in this study.Next-generation RIs demonstrated superior accuracy compared to partitioned RIs when applied to specific age subgroups.CONCLUSION This study elucidates the age-and sex-specific dynamics of PG and,to our knowledge,is the first to establish next-generation RIs for PG,supporting more individualized interpretation in laboratory medicine.展开更多
Introduction:Infections are the most feared complication of transrectal prostate biopsies,along with growing concerns of antibiotic resistance.Our institution transitioned to a transperineal approach without use of pe...Introduction:Infections are the most feared complication of transrectal prostate biopsies,along with growing concerns of antibiotic resistance.Our institution transitioned to a transperineal approach without use of perioperative antibiotics or bowel preparations.We aimed to compare the safety outcomes associated with transperineal and transrectal prostate biopsy techniques.Materials and Methods:A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsies at our institution from 2019–2022 was performed.Results:We identified 319 patients—174 transrectal and 145 transperineal.8 patients who had transperineal biopsy(5.5%)received peri-operative antibiotics,compared to 100%with transrectal biopsy.35.86%of transperineal patients received a bowel preparation,compared to 100%in the transrectal group.44.14%and 49.43%of patients received a prior prostate biopsy in the transperineal and transrectal groups,respectively.Patients in the transperineal biopsy group had zero infectious complications,1 ER visit,and zero 30-day readmissions.This is compared to 9 infectious complications(5.17%,p=0.005),8 ER visits(4.60%,p=0.036),and 730-day readmissions(4.02%,p=0.015)in the transrectal group.Conclusions:In a single institution series,patients undergoing transperineal biopsy had fewer infectious complications compared to those undergoing transrectal biopsy.Despite only a small percentage of patients receiving perioperative antibiotics and a majority of patients not receiving a bowel preparation in the transperineal group,there were zero infectious complications or 30-day readmissions.With greater infectious complications with transrectal biopsy and growing antibiotic resistance,we underline the safety of transperineal prostate biopsy which can largely be done without perioperative antibiotics or a bowel preparation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Leuconostoc garlicum is commonly found in fermented foods and very few infected patients have been reported,who typically present symptoms such as fever and fatigue.Conventional clinical examinations often ...BACKGROUND Leuconostoc garlicum is commonly found in fermented foods and very few infected patients have been reported,who typically present symptoms such as fever and fatigue.Conventional clinical examinations often struggle to identify this bacterium,and routine anti-infective treatments are generally ineffective.Both diagnostic challenges and therapeutic limitations pose significant difficulties for clinicians.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient ultimately diagnosed with Leuconostoc garlicum infection.The primary manifestations included persistent fever,cough and fatigue.These symptoms lasted for 2 months.He received anti-infective treatment at a community hospital,but this was ineffective.After inquiring about the patient's medical history and conducting a physical examination,the patient underwent laboratory tests.Complete blood count tests revealed that the patient had a high proportion of neutrophils,C-reactive protein level was 235.9 mg/L,erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 67 mm/h,respiratory pathogen testing was negative,and he was then thought to have an infectious disease.However,conventional anti-infective treatments were ineffective.After excluding infectious neurological diseases,urologic diseases and digestive problems,we ultimately focused our attention on the lungs.A lung computed tomography scan indicated pulmonary inflammation.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for next-generation sequencing suggested lung infection with Leuconostoc garlicum.The patient's symptoms gradually improved following treatment with piperacillin tazobactam and linezolid.During the follow-up period,the patient's temperature remained normal.CONCLUSION For patients with suspected bacterial infection and experiencing fever,conventional anti-infective treatment can be ineffective in controlling their symptoms,and an infection due to rare bacteria or drug-resistant bacteria should be considered.Next-generation sequencing enables rapid and precise identification of infection-related pathogens in febrile patients.展开更多
As antibiotic pollutants cannot be incompletely removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants,ultraviolet(UV)based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)such as UV/persulfate(UV/PS)and UV/chlorine are increasingly c...As antibiotic pollutants cannot be incompletely removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants,ultraviolet(UV)based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)such as UV/persulfate(UV/PS)and UV/chlorine are increasingly concerned for the effective removal of antibiotics from wastewaters.However,the specific mechanisms involving degradation kinetics and transformation mechanisms are not well elucidated.Here we report a detailed examination of SO_(4)•−/Cl•-mediated degradation kinetics,products,and toxicities of sulfathiazole(ST),sarafloxacin(SAR),and lomefloxacin(LOM)in the two processes.Both SO_(4)•−/Cl•-mediated transformation kinetics were found to be dependent on pH(P<0.05),which was attributed to the disparate reactivities of their individual dissociated forms.Based on competition kinetic experiments and matrix calculations,the cationic forms(H_(2)ST^(+),H_(2)SAR^(+),and H_(2)LOM^(+))were more highly reactive towards SO_(4)•−in most cases,while the neutral forms(e.g.,HSAR^(0)and HLOM^(0))reacted the fastest with Cl•for the most of the antibiotics tested.Based on the identification of 31 key intermediates using tandem mass spectrometry,these reactions generated different products,of which the majority still retained the core chemical structure of the parent compounds.The corresponding diverse transformation pathways were proposed,involving S−N breaking,hydroxylation,defluorination,and chlorination reactions.Furthermore,the toxicity changes of their reaction solutions as well as the toxicity of each intermediate were evaluated by the vibrio fischeri and ECOSAR model,respectively.Many primary by-products were proven to be more toxic than the parent chemicals,raising the wider issue of extended potency for these compounds with regards to their ecotoxicity.These results have implications for assessing the degradative fate and risk of these chemicals during the AOPs.展开更多
In rice fields,rice plants usually grow alongside wild weeds and are attacked by various invertebrate species.Viruses are abundant in plants and invertebrates,playing crucial ecological roles in controlling microbial ...In rice fields,rice plants usually grow alongside wild weeds and are attacked by various invertebrate species.Viruses are abundant in plants and invertebrates,playing crucial ecological roles in controlling microbial abundance and maintaining community structures.To date,only 16 rice viruses have been documented in rice-growing regions.These viruses pose serious threats to rice production and have traditionally been identified only from rice plants and insect vectors by isolation techniques.Advances in next-generation sequencing(NGS)have made it feasible to discover viruses on a global scale.Recently,numerous viruses have been identified in plants and invertebrates using NGS technologies.In this review,we discuss viral studies in rice plants,invertebrate species,and weeds in rice fields.Many novel viruses have been discovered in rice ecosystems through NGS technologies,with some also detected using metatranscriptomic and small RNA sequencing.These analyses greatly expand our understanding of viruses in rice fields and provide valuable insights for developing efficient strategies to manage insect pests and virus-mediated rice diseases.展开更多
Plant-based milk is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids,polyphenols and other bioactive compounds.This study investigated the effect of 3 plant-based milk(flaxseed milk,oat milk and soy milk)on the ceftriaxone-induced...Plant-based milk is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids,polyphenols and other bioactive compounds.This study investigated the effect of 3 plant-based milk(flaxseed milk,oat milk and soy milk)on the ceftriaxone-induced intestinal disorders,and compared the regulation patterns associated with gut microbiome and metabolome.The results showed plant-based milk alleviated the ceftriaxone caused cecum swelling,colonic tissue damage and intestinal microecological disorders.Meanwhile,administered plant-based milk decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and oxidative stresses(malondialdehyde(MDA)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the colon,as well as increasing the levels of tight junction proteins(Occludin,Claudin-1,and ZO-1)in the colon.Moreover,administration of plant-based milk modulated the intestinal microbiota by promoting the relative levels of beneficial bacteria(Bifidobacterium),and inhibiting the harmful bacteria genus(Enterococcus).Furthermore,plant-based milk treatment significantly modulated glycerophospholipids metabolism(e.g.glycerophosphocholine)and arachidonic acid metabolism(e.g.prostaglandin G2 and arachidonic acid)in the serum.In conclusion,plant-based milk could alleviate antibiotic-related imbalance of barrier function damage,gut microbiota disorders and the reduction of metabolic disorders,which lays a foundation for exploring anti-inflammatory and intestinal micro-ecological approach to plant-based milk.展开更多
Objective and Background Early and accurate diagnosis of spinal infections,including spinal tuberculosis,is pivotal for effective treatment but remains challenging.This study aims to assess the diagnostic yield of met...Objective and Background Early and accurate diagnosis of spinal infections,including spinal tuberculosis,is pivotal for effective treatment but remains challenging.This study aims to assess the diagnostic yield of metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)compared with that of conventional microbiological tests(CMTs)in identifying pathogens associated with spinal pathologies,with a special focus on infections leading to surgical interventions.Methods We enrolled 85 patients who underwent spinal surgery,comprising 63 patients with clinically diagnosed spinal infections,including patients with spinal tuberculosis,and 22 patients with noninfectious spinal conditions.The procedures involved irrigation and debridement for persistent wound drainage,with subsequent DNA extraction from plasma and joint fluid for mNGS and CMT analysis.Results Significantly increased C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were observed in patients with infections.The mNGS approach showed greater diagnostic sensitivity(92.06%)for detecting pathogens,including Mycobacterium tuberculosis,than did CMTs(36.51%).Despite its low specificity,mNGS had considerable negative predictive value(70.59%),underscoring its utility in ruling out infections.Conclusions The mNGS offers superior sensitivity over CMTs in the diagnosis of a variety of spinal infections,notably spinal tuberculosis.This study highlights the potential of mNGS in enhancing the diagnosis of complex spinal infections,thereby informing targeted treatment strategies.展开更多
文摘This study explores the efficacy of advanced antibiotic compounds against P. aeruginosa, focusing on Antibiotic B, an enhanced derivative of Ceftriaxone. The study measured the intracellular uptake of Antibiotic B and introduced a novel adjuvant, Influximax, which augmented its antibacterial activity. Results showed a diminished potential for resistance emergence with Antibiotic B, particularly when used in combination with Influximax. The study suggests that optimizing antibiotic delivery into bacterial cells and leveraging syner-gistic adjuvant combinations can enhance drug resistance combat. .
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478267,22438009,U24A20535)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu province(BK20243002)+1 种基金Prospective Application Research Project of Suzhou(SYC2022042)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Antibiotics,as an emerging pollutant due to their extensive use and difficulty in biodegradation,can cause harm to health through bioaccumulation.To address this,various photocatalysts have been developed for rapid antibiotic removal.However,their low concentrations limit mass transfer efficiency,resulting in suboptimal performance.Adsorption is crucial for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency.In this study,a series of binary heterojunction catalysts(x%BWO@STHP)were synthesized,consisting of Bi_(2)WO_(6)(BWO)grafted with sulfonated triptycene-based hypercrosslinked polymer(STHP).The high specific surface area of STHP,combined withπ-πconjugation and ionic interactions with antibiotics,significantly enhances adsorption capacity.This facilitates effective contact between low-concentration pollutants in aqueous solutions and the active sites of the catalyst.The formation of a Z-scheme heterojunction between BWO and STHP facilitates photogenerated charge separation,and further significantly improves photocatalytic degradation performance.Specifically,the 20%BWO@STHP catalyst achieved rapid adsorption equilibrium for oxytetracycline(OTC),doxycycline(DOX),and tetracycline(TC)within 2 min and completely degraded them after 15 min of irradiation.Compared to pristine BWO,the photocatalytic reaction rate constants are significantly increased,being 9.69 times higher for OTC and 13.45 times higher for DOX.The catalyst exhibits excellent reusability and holds promising potential for practical applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176210)the Major Innovation Fund of Shandong Province(No.2021ZDSYS23)。
文摘To simultaneously enrich,separate,and determine five fluoroquinolone antibiotics(FQs)in marine crude drugs(MCDs),seawater and seafood,we conducted this study using vortex assisted dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME),followed by capillary electrophoresis(CE)-UV.A single-variable optimization was employed to examine the factors influencing the separation effect of CE and the extraction efficiency of DLLME,including buffer solution,organic solvent,separation voltage,extractant,dispersant,and sample solution pH.Under the optimal conditions,the baseline separation of the five FQs was achieved within 6 min.The analytical performance of the method was assessed using six types of actual samples,including three MCDs of hippocampus,clam,and kelp,seawater,and two seafood of prawn and pomfret,demonstrating good linearity ranging from 0.1-5 or 0.01-5μg/mL.The limits of detection(LODs)and limits of quantification(LOQs)for the five FQs in MCDs were 0.0022-0.0292 and 0.0066-0.0973μg/mL,respectively.The LODs and LOQs in seawater and seafood were 0.0009-0.0262 and 0.0029-0.0874μg/mL,respectively.The matrix effects of this method were evaluated in the hippocampus,seawater,and prawn,and the results show that DLLME could effectively eliminate matrix interference.Satisfactory recovery rates were achieved in all the six tested actual samples.This developed DLLME-CE method was proven simple to operate,accurate and reliable,with high sensitivity,making it suitable for the analysis of multiple antibiotic residues in complex matrices.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23B20165 and 52170085)National Key R&D Program International Cooperation Project(No.2023YFE0108100)+1 种基金Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.21JCZDJC00320)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University.
文摘Chlorinated antibiotics pose great challenges in efficient removal,while for the first time,this work greatly enhanced their electrocatalytic dechlorination performance by construction of non-noble metal Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunctions to improve process cost-effectiveness.The Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction demonstrated an effective removal of 93.6%thiamphenicol(TAP)within 45 min,with the rate constant(0.0584 min^(-1))that was 2.4 and 2.8 times that of Co_(3)O_(4) and g-C_(3)N_(4) alone,respectively.The formation of heterojunctions facilitated electron transfer,enriched the electron density on Co_(3)O_(4),and enhanced the adsorption of pollutants as well as the desorption of degradation intermediates.The enhanced production of atomic hydrogen(H*)of Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4),which increased by 13.6-28.2 times,contributed more to pollutant removal(64.0%),much higher than that of Co_(3)O_(4)(37.3%)and g-C_(3)N_(4)(6.1%).The energy barrier for H_(2) formation on Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)(0.75 eV)was higher than that on Co_(3)O_(4)(-1.84 eV),supporting that it could stabilize H*and inhibit the formation of H_(2).The Co_(3)O_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction exhibited stable performance with less impact by pH and co-existing ions,and posed effectiveness for the dechlorination of typical chlorinated antibiotics.This study offers an efficient and sustainable strategy for constructing heterojunctions to enhance the performance of non-noble metal catalysts in electrocatalytic dechlorination.
基金partially supported by the Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(KJCX20240406)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ24037)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330075)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02 and CARS-54)。
文摘The security of the seed industry is crucial for ensuring national food security.Currently,developed countries in Europe and America,along with international seed industry giants,have entered the Breeding 4.0 era.This era integrates biotechnology,artificial intelligence(AI),and big data information technology.In contrast,China is still in a transition period between stages 2.0 and 3.0,which primarily relies on conventional selection and molecular breeding.In the context of increasingly complex international situations,accurately identifying core issues in China's seed industry innovation and seizing the frontier of international seed technology are strategically important.These efforts are essential for ensuring food security and revitalizing the seed industry.This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics of crop breeding data from artificial selection to intelligent design breeding.It explores the applications and development trends of AI and big data in modern crop breeding from several key perspectives.These include highthroughput phenotype acquisition and analysis,multiomics big data database and management system construction,AI-based multiomics integrated analysis,and the development of intelligent breeding software tools based on biological big data and AI technology.Based on an in-depth analysis of the current status and challenges of China's seed industry technology development,we propose strategic goals and key tasks for China's new generation of AI and big data-driven intelligent design breeding.These suggestions aim to accelerate the development of an intelligent-driven crop breeding engineering system that features large-scale gene mining,efficient gene manipulation,engineered variety design,and systematized biobreeding.This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of China's seed industry technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171615)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1804102)。
文摘Agricultural soil is related to food security and human health,antibiotics and heavy metals(HMs),as two typical pollutants,possess a high coexistence rate in the environmental medium,which is extremely prone to inducing antibiotic-HMs combined pollution.Recently,frequent human activities have led to more prominent antibiotics-HMs combined contamination in agricultural soils,especially the production and spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),heavy metal resistance genes(MRGs),antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),and antibiotics-HMs complexes(AMCs),which seriously threaten soil ecology and human health.This review describes the main sources(Intrinsic and manmade sources),composite mechanisms(co-selective resistance,oxidative stress,and Joint toxicity mechanism),environmental fate and the potential risks(soil ecological and human health risks)of antibiotics and HMs in agricultural soils.Finally,the current effective source blocking,transmission control,and attenuation strategies are classified for discussion,such as the application of additives and barrier materials,as well as plant and animal remediation and bioremediation,etc.,pointing out that future research should focus on the whole chain process of“source-processterminal”,intending to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for future research.
文摘Solar-driven Fenton-like reactions are promising strategies for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater to address environmental challenges and antibiotic pollution.However,its efficacy is limited by suboptimal light absorption efficiency,rapid charge recombination,and inadequate interfacial charge transfer.In this study,an inorganic/organic S-scheme photo-Fenton system of pseudobrookite/carbon nitride(FTOCN)was synthesized via a hydrothermally coupled calcination process for the effective purification of tetracycline antibiotics under visible-light irradiation.The optimized FTOCN-2 heterostructure exhibits a significantly enhanced TC degradation capacity of 90%within 60 min.The rate constant of FTOCN-2 is 1.6 and 5.2 times greater than those of FTO and CN,respectively.Furthermore,FTOCN exhibits high antibacterial efficacy,highlighting its potential application in the purification of natural water.Measurements via a range of analytical techniques,including Kelvin probe force microscopy,density functional theory calculations,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,corroborate the S-scheme mechanism.This study provides a novel perspective for the development of photo-Fenton systems with S-scheme heterojunctions for water purification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070103 and 22102102)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LY21E090004 and LQ22B050004)+1 种基金Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Program(No.2021S025)Ningbo Youth Leading Talent Project(No.2024QL038).
文摘Exploration of stable metal single-site supported porous graphitic carbon nitride(PCN)nanostructures and the development of maximum atom utilization for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of antibiotics remains a challenge in current research.This work proposed a one-step thermal copolymerization to obtain Cu(Ⅰ)doping porous carbon nitride(CUCN)through a spontaneously reducing atmosphere by urea in a covered crucible.The obtained CUCN had crumpled ultrathin nanosheets and mesoporous structures,which possessed higher specific surface areas than PCN.From X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES)and Fourier transform extended X-ray absorption fine structure(FT-EXAFS)spectra analysis,the Cu doping existed in the oxidation state of Cu(Ⅰ)as single atoms anchored on the 2D layers of CN through two N neighbors,thereby facilitating efficient pathways for the transfer of photoexcited charge carriers.Furthermore,the photoluminescence(PL)spectra,electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS)and transient photocurrent response test proved the improved separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers for Cu(Ⅰ)introduction.Consequently,the photocatalytic activity of CUCN was much better than that of PCN for antibiotics norfloxacin(NOR),with 4.7-fold higher degradation reaction rate constants.From species-trapping experiments and density function theory(DFT)calculations,the Cu single atoms in Cu-N_(2)served as catalytic sites that could accelerate charge transfer and facilitate the adsorption of molecular oxygen to produce active species.The stable Cu(Ⅰ)embedded in the layer structure led to the excellent recycling test and remained stable after four runs of degradation and even thermal regenerated treatment.The degradation paths of NOR by CUCN under visible light were also demonstrated.Our work sheds light on a sustainable and practical approach for achieving stable metal single-atom doping and enhancing photocatalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants.
文摘Production of synthetic antibiotics has rapidly expanded to meet the increasing demands in human healthcare,animal husbandry,and agriculture.Meanwhile,however,substantial quantities of untreated antibiotics entered the agricultural environment through animal waste,reclaimed wastewater,or biosolids.The existence of drugs in farmland will not only have adverse effects on plant growth and productivity but also lead to antibiotics accumulation and drug resistance.To address this emerging drug contamination issue,this article conducts an indepth and comprehensive analysis of the research on antibiotic pollution in cropland and crops within 20 years.In this article,the bioaccumulation mechanisms of antibiotic in crops were systematically analyzed and discussed,with emphasis on the effects of important influencing factors such as the physico-chemical properties of antibiotics,cultivation environment,and plant morphology.Additionally,this article briefly discusses the various antibiotic extraction and analytical methods,as well as calculation indexes on human risk assessment.At last,the author further analyzed the environmental challenge of antibiotic resistance and provided insights into pollution remediation pathways for future research.
基金Supported by National TCM Advantage Speciality Construction Project:Clinical Pharmacy(GZYYYZH[2024]90)Guizhou Provincial Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine:Clinical Traditional Chinese pharmacy(QZYYZDXK(JS)-2023-04).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to promote the rational use of special use level of antibiotics in clinic and delay the emergence of drug resistance.[Methods]The application of antibiotics for special use among inpatients of a hospital in 2019 was analyzed.The data in the drug information management system of the hospital were queried,and the collected expert consultation records of special-use antibiotics were sorted out.Indicators including the use rate of special-use antibiotics,antibiotic use density(AUD),defined daily dose system(DDDs)and defined daily dose system cost(DDDc)of each drug,the annual pathogen detection rate,disease distribution and pathogenic microorganism detection were summarized and analyzed for inpatients in the hospital retrospectively.[Results]In 2019,the average annual use rate of special-use antibiotics in the hospital was 1.53%,and the average annual use density was 1.59 DDDs.The antibiotics with the top three DDDs were imipenem and cilastatin,meropenem and cefepime.The antibiotics with the top three DDDc were voriconazole dispersible tablets,voriconazole for injection,and meropenem for injection.The average annual detection rate of microorganisms was 85.77%.The diseases were mainly diagnosed as respiratory infections such as pneumonia and secondary infections after radiotherapy and chemotherapy before medication,and the detected pathogens were mainly Candida and its subspecies,Escherichia coli,and Klebsiella and its subspecies.[Conclusions]The clinical use of special-use antibiotics in the hospital was basically reasonable,but there were still some problems.It is necessary to increase management efforts,strengthen training for relevant medical personnel,and provide management ideas for further standardizing the use of antibiotics in the hospital.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (32001663)。
文摘Both the broad-spectrum bactericidal properties of disinfectants and the inhibitory effects of antibiotics pose potential threats to the activity,functionality,and probiotic properties of Lactid acid bacteria(LAB).Therefore,it is essential to systematically evaluate the tolerance of lactic acid bacteria to common disinfectants and antibiotics.This study assessed 60 LAB strains isolated from the fermented foods for their tolerance to seven disinfectants and nine antibiotics.The results indicated that,compared to pathogenic bacteria,most LAB exhibited stronger tolerance to disinfectants.Sub-inhibitory concentrations of disinfectants inhibited biofilm formation in most LAB,while sub-inhibitory concentrations of glutaraldehyde tended to promote biofilm formation.This suggests that commonly used disinfectants can eliminate pathogenic bacteria without killing LAB,providing guidance for disinfectant use.LAB were highly sensitive to ampicillin and chloramphenicol,while showing some tolerance to norfloxacin,polymyxin,and sulfamethoxazole.This indicates LAB have a notable antibiotic resistance profile,which includes both natural resistance characteristics and instances of acquired resistance,along with multiple drug resistance and cross-resistance between antibiotics and disinfectants.This study provides an important guidance for disinfection practices in industrial utilizing LAB,such as food and biomedicine,and offers a reference for the use of antibiotics.
基金Funding Projects for Young Backbone Teachers of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(2023GGJS020)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21901061,22171071)。
文摘Piezocatalytic technology demonstrates significant potential for effectively degrading pollutants and facilitating green chemical reactions,indicating promising development prospects.In this study,multi-flaw MoS_(2) nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method,and CuS nanoparticles were loaded onto their surface to form CuS/MoS_(2) piezocatalysts.The 40%CuS/MoS_(2) nanocomposite achieved an 86%degradation rate of TC under low-power(100 W,40 kHz)ultrasonic irradiation,which are 1.53 and 1.75 times higher than that of pure MoS_(2) and CuS,respectively.Furthermore,piezoresponse force microscopy(PFM)confirmed the excellent piezocatalytic performance of the composite material.The piezocurrent images revealed a significant enhancement in the piezoelectric properties of 40%CuS/MoS_(2),which is attributed to the construction of the CuS/MoS_(2) heterojunction promoting the separation of electrons and holes.This research provides a novel conceptual framework for enhancing the performance of piezocatalytic degradation.
基金supported by the Project of State Key Laboratory of Treatments and Recycling for Organic Effluents by the Adsorption in Petroleum and Chemical Industry,Soochow University(No.SDHY2207)the Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes,Ministry of Education,College of Environment,Hohai University(No.B230203006)A Project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Developing environmental-friendly non-metal photocatalysts for the efficient removal of antibiotics from environment is a significant challenge.The construction of heterojunction is regarded as a powerful strategy to enhance the photodegradation efficiency of photocatalysts for pollutants,being due that this strategy can effectively suppress the recombination of the photo-induced electron and hole.In this research,a novel double Z-scheme BN/C_(60)/g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction was successfully synthesized via one-step synthetic approach.Based on a series of experimental characterization,BN/C_(60)/g-C_(3)N_(4) is most likely formed via the interaction between N element of BN and g-C_(3)N_(4) with C_(60) under UV-light irradiation.The band structures of BN,C_(60),g-C_(3)N_(4) and the internal electric field among them suggest that BN/C_(60)/g-C_(3)N_(4) may has a direct double z-type band arrangement,which facilitates efficient charge transfer.The photodegradation rate of BN/C_(60)/g-C_(3)N_(4) for tetracycline reached 90.1%,which is 2.9 times higher than that observed with BN and 2.3 times higher than that of g-C_(3)N_(4).BN/C_(60)/g-C_(3)N_(4) exhibits remarkable photocatalytic performance across a wide pH range and in the influence of different anions.This study offers significant insights about how to design double z-scheme metal-free photocatalyst with high photodegradation efficiency for antibiotic.
文摘BACKGROUND Pepsinogen(PG)and the PG I/II ratio(PGR)are critical indicators for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis,and assessing gastric cancer risk.Existing reference intervals(RIs)often overlook age,sex,and demographic variations.Partitioned RIs,while considering these factors,fail to capture the gradual age-related physiological changes.Next-generation RIs offer a solution to this limitation.AIM To investigate age-and sex-specific dynamics of PG and establish next-generation RIs for adults and the elderly in northern China.METHODS After screening,708 healthy individuals were included in this observational study.Serum PG was measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay.Age-and sex-related effects on PG were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance.RI partitioning was determined by the standard deviation ratio(SDR).Traditional RIs were established using a non-parametric approach.Generalized Additive Models for Location,Scale,and Shape(GAMLSS)modeled age-related trends and continuous reference percentiles for PG I and PG II.Reference limit flagging rates for both RI types were compared.RESULTS PG I and PG II levels were influenced by age(P<0.001)and sex(P<0.001),while PGR remained stable.Age-specific RIs were required for PG I(SDR=0.366)and PG II(SDR=0.424).Partitioned RIs were established for PG I and PG II,with a single RI for PGR.GAMLSS modeling revealed distinct age-dependent trajectories:PG I increased from a median of 39.75μg/L at age 20 years to 49.75μg/L at age 60 years,a 25.16%increase,after which it plateaued through age 80 years.In contrast,PG II showed a continuous rise throughout the age range,with the median value increasing from 5.07μg/L at age 20 years to 8.36μg/L at age 80 years,corresponding to a 64.89%increase.Continuous reference percentiles intuitively reflected these trends and were detailed in this study.Next-generation RIs demonstrated superior accuracy compared to partitioned RIs when applied to specific age subgroups.CONCLUSION This study elucidates the age-and sex-specific dynamics of PG and,to our knowledge,is the first to establish next-generation RIs for PG,supporting more individualized interpretation in laboratory medicine.
基金the Cancer Institute of New Jersey is supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute:P30CA072720Arnav Srivastava is supported by a training grant from the National Cancer Institute:T32CA180984.
文摘Introduction:Infections are the most feared complication of transrectal prostate biopsies,along with growing concerns of antibiotic resistance.Our institution transitioned to a transperineal approach without use of perioperative antibiotics or bowel preparations.We aimed to compare the safety outcomes associated with transperineal and transrectal prostate biopsy techniques.Materials and Methods:A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsies at our institution from 2019–2022 was performed.Results:We identified 319 patients—174 transrectal and 145 transperineal.8 patients who had transperineal biopsy(5.5%)received peri-operative antibiotics,compared to 100%with transrectal biopsy.35.86%of transperineal patients received a bowel preparation,compared to 100%in the transrectal group.44.14%and 49.43%of patients received a prior prostate biopsy in the transperineal and transrectal groups,respectively.Patients in the transperineal biopsy group had zero infectious complications,1 ER visit,and zero 30-day readmissions.This is compared to 9 infectious complications(5.17%,p=0.005),8 ER visits(4.60%,p=0.036),and 730-day readmissions(4.02%,p=0.015)in the transrectal group.Conclusions:In a single institution series,patients undergoing transperineal biopsy had fewer infectious complications compared to those undergoing transrectal biopsy.Despite only a small percentage of patients receiving perioperative antibiotics and a majority of patients not receiving a bowel preparation in the transperineal group,there were zero infectious complications or 30-day readmissions.With greater infectious complications with transrectal biopsy and growing antibiotic resistance,we underline the safety of transperineal prostate biopsy which can largely be done without perioperative antibiotics or a bowel preparation.
文摘BACKGROUND Leuconostoc garlicum is commonly found in fermented foods and very few infected patients have been reported,who typically present symptoms such as fever and fatigue.Conventional clinical examinations often struggle to identify this bacterium,and routine anti-infective treatments are generally ineffective.Both diagnostic challenges and therapeutic limitations pose significant difficulties for clinicians.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient ultimately diagnosed with Leuconostoc garlicum infection.The primary manifestations included persistent fever,cough and fatigue.These symptoms lasted for 2 months.He received anti-infective treatment at a community hospital,but this was ineffective.After inquiring about the patient's medical history and conducting a physical examination,the patient underwent laboratory tests.Complete blood count tests revealed that the patient had a high proportion of neutrophils,C-reactive protein level was 235.9 mg/L,erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 67 mm/h,respiratory pathogen testing was negative,and he was then thought to have an infectious disease.However,conventional anti-infective treatments were ineffective.After excluding infectious neurological diseases,urologic diseases and digestive problems,we ultimately focused our attention on the lungs.A lung computed tomography scan indicated pulmonary inflammation.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for next-generation sequencing suggested lung infection with Leuconostoc garlicum.The patient's symptoms gradually improved following treatment with piperacillin tazobactam and linezolid.During the follow-up period,the patient's temperature remained normal.CONCLUSION For patients with suspected bacterial infection and experiencing fever,conventional anti-infective treatment can be ineffective in controlling their symptoms,and an infection due to rare bacteria or drug-resistant bacteria should be considered.Next-generation sequencing enables rapid and precise identification of infection-related pathogens in febrile patients.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024SF-YBXM-567)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21976045,22076112)the China Scholarship Council(CSC)Scholarship(No.202308610123).
文摘As antibiotic pollutants cannot be incompletely removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants,ultraviolet(UV)based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)such as UV/persulfate(UV/PS)and UV/chlorine are increasingly concerned for the effective removal of antibiotics from wastewaters.However,the specific mechanisms involving degradation kinetics and transformation mechanisms are not well elucidated.Here we report a detailed examination of SO_(4)•−/Cl•-mediated degradation kinetics,products,and toxicities of sulfathiazole(ST),sarafloxacin(SAR),and lomefloxacin(LOM)in the two processes.Both SO_(4)•−/Cl•-mediated transformation kinetics were found to be dependent on pH(P<0.05),which was attributed to the disparate reactivities of their individual dissociated forms.Based on competition kinetic experiments and matrix calculations,the cationic forms(H_(2)ST^(+),H_(2)SAR^(+),and H_(2)LOM^(+))were more highly reactive towards SO_(4)•−in most cases,while the neutral forms(e.g.,HSAR^(0)and HLOM^(0))reacted the fastest with Cl•for the most of the antibiotics tested.Based on the identification of 31 key intermediates using tandem mass spectrometry,these reactions generated different products,of which the majority still retained the core chemical structure of the parent compounds.The corresponding diverse transformation pathways were proposed,involving S−N breaking,hydroxylation,defluorination,and chlorination reactions.Furthermore,the toxicity changes of their reaction solutions as well as the toxicity of each intermediate were evaluated by the vibrio fischeri and ECOSAR model,respectively.Many primary by-products were proven to be more toxic than the parent chemicals,raising the wider issue of extended potency for these compounds with regards to their ecotoxicity.These results have implications for assessing the degradative fate and risk of these chemicals during the AOPs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31972983 and 32072487)the Key Technology R&D Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021C02006)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY23C140001).
文摘In rice fields,rice plants usually grow alongside wild weeds and are attacked by various invertebrate species.Viruses are abundant in plants and invertebrates,playing crucial ecological roles in controlling microbial abundance and maintaining community structures.To date,only 16 rice viruses have been documented in rice-growing regions.These viruses pose serious threats to rice production and have traditionally been identified only from rice plants and insect vectors by isolation techniques.Advances in next-generation sequencing(NGS)have made it feasible to discover viruses on a global scale.Recently,numerous viruses have been identified in plants and invertebrates using NGS technologies.In this review,we discuss viral studies in rice plants,invertebrate species,and weeds in rice fields.Many novel viruses have been discovered in rice ecosystems through NGS technologies,with some also detected using metatranscriptomic and small RNA sequencing.These analyses greatly expand our understanding of viruses in rice fields and provide valuable insights for developing efficient strategies to manage insect pests and virus-mediated rice diseases.
基金funded by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-14)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(11021716001100B)。
文摘Plant-based milk is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids,polyphenols and other bioactive compounds.This study investigated the effect of 3 plant-based milk(flaxseed milk,oat milk and soy milk)on the ceftriaxone-induced intestinal disorders,and compared the regulation patterns associated with gut microbiome and metabolome.The results showed plant-based milk alleviated the ceftriaxone caused cecum swelling,colonic tissue damage and intestinal microecological disorders.Meanwhile,administered plant-based milk decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and oxidative stresses(malondialdehyde(MDA)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the colon,as well as increasing the levels of tight junction proteins(Occludin,Claudin-1,and ZO-1)in the colon.Moreover,administration of plant-based milk modulated the intestinal microbiota by promoting the relative levels of beneficial bacteria(Bifidobacterium),and inhibiting the harmful bacteria genus(Enterococcus).Furthermore,plant-based milk treatment significantly modulated glycerophospholipids metabolism(e.g.glycerophosphocholine)and arachidonic acid metabolism(e.g.prostaglandin G2 and arachidonic acid)in the serum.In conclusion,plant-based milk could alleviate antibiotic-related imbalance of barrier function damage,gut microbiota disorders and the reduction of metabolic disorders,which lays a foundation for exploring anti-inflammatory and intestinal micro-ecological approach to plant-based milk.
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023AFB646)Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan(No.2023020201010155)Educational Research Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.2022135).
文摘Objective and Background Early and accurate diagnosis of spinal infections,including spinal tuberculosis,is pivotal for effective treatment but remains challenging.This study aims to assess the diagnostic yield of metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)compared with that of conventional microbiological tests(CMTs)in identifying pathogens associated with spinal pathologies,with a special focus on infections leading to surgical interventions.Methods We enrolled 85 patients who underwent spinal surgery,comprising 63 patients with clinically diagnosed spinal infections,including patients with spinal tuberculosis,and 22 patients with noninfectious spinal conditions.The procedures involved irrigation and debridement for persistent wound drainage,with subsequent DNA extraction from plasma and joint fluid for mNGS and CMT analysis.Results Significantly increased C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were observed in patients with infections.The mNGS approach showed greater diagnostic sensitivity(92.06%)for detecting pathogens,including Mycobacterium tuberculosis,than did CMTs(36.51%).Despite its low specificity,mNGS had considerable negative predictive value(70.59%),underscoring its utility in ruling out infections.Conclusions The mNGS offers superior sensitivity over CMTs in the diagnosis of a variety of spinal infections,notably spinal tuberculosis.This study highlights the potential of mNGS in enhancing the diagnosis of complex spinal infections,thereby informing targeted treatment strategies.
