Cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera) is an important agricultural pest that causes severe yield loss to crops,particularly to cotton.Transgenic Bt crops have been successful in
The paper mainly studies a new way of combining American culture with English language teaching and learning by means of the VOA Special English feature programs. It is based on a 5-year period of teaching practice, e...The paper mainly studies a new way of combining American culture with English language teaching and learning by means of the VOA Special English feature programs. It is based on a 5-year period of teaching practice, experience and reflection. This interactive, innovative, productive and student-centered approach is a far cry from the rigid, old, unproductive and teacher-centered approach of teaching British and American culture without combining language learning and practice as is commonly used here in Chinese colleges. The author also throws some light on how to use on-line teaching resources and how to cultivate independent learning on the part of the students he has worked with.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide,second only to breast cancer.Around 80%of women have been infected with human papillomavirus(HPV)in their lifetime.Early screening and...BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide,second only to breast cancer.Around 80%of women have been infected with human papillomavirus(HPV)in their lifetime.Early screening and treatment are effective means of preventing cervical cancer,but due to economic reasons,many parts of the world do not have free screening programs to protect women’s health.AIM To increase HPV cervical cancer screening in Changsha and reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.METHODS Cervical cancer screening included gynecological examination,vaginal secretion examination and HPV high-risk typing testing.Cervical cytology examination(ThinPrep cytology test)was performed for individuals who test positive for HPV types other than 16 and 18.Vaginal colposcopy examination was performed for HPV16 and 18 positive individuals,as well as for those who were positive for ThinPrep cytology test.If the results of vaginal colposcopy examination were abnormal,histopathological examination was performed.We conducted a cost-benefit analysis after 4 years.RESULTS From 2019 to 2022,523437 women aged 35-64 years in Changsha city were screened and 73313 were positive,with a 14%positive rate.The detection rate of precancerous lesions of cervical cancer was 0.6%and the detection rate of cervical cancer was 0.037%.Among 311212 patients who underwent two cancers examinations,the incidence rate was reduced by more than half in the second examination.The average screening cost per woman was 120 RMB.The average cost of detecting early cases was 10619 RMB,with an early detection cost coefficient of 0.083.CONCLUSION Our screening strategy was effective and cost-effective,making it valuable for early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.It is worth promoting in economically limited areas.展开更多
Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,Comrade Xi Jinping pools the wisdom of the Communist Party of China(Party for short),focusing on the overall issues,core issues,and key issues under the new situation of uph...Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,Comrade Xi Jinping pools the wisdom of the Communist Party of China(Party for short),focusing on the overall issues,core issues,and key issues under the new situation of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics,has made a series of important speeches,proposed a complete set of strategy for national governing,thus。展开更多
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has scientifically integrated the two overall situations of the country and the internatio...Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has scientifically integrated the two overall situations of the country and the international community as well as the two major issues of development and security,thus forming a series of new concepts,new ideas and new strategies for governing the country.展开更多
Energy is the key to our future.Whether to the production,storage or use of energy,carbon materials could provide a good solution.They are closely related to people’s daily life and regarded as one of the most promis...Energy is the key to our future.Whether to the production,storage or use of energy,carbon materials could provide a good solution.They are closely related to people’s daily life and regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the flexible electrodes in energy storage devices.Recently,a research team from the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences prepared a展开更多
The large-scale application of Zn-air battery requires the development of efficient,low-cost,and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Herein,an ...The large-scale application of Zn-air battery requires the development of efficient,low-cost,and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Herein,an electrocatalyst of a Co/Mo C-nanoparticles embedded N-doped carbon(Co/Mo C@N-C)was prepared via the in-situ encapsulation of Co_(2)(CO)_(8)and Mo(CO)6 in ZIF-8 using ball-milling,followed by pyrolysis under an Ar atmosphere.When used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst,the as-prepared Co/Mo C@N-C showed an ORR half-wave potential of 0.824 V in an alkaline medium and an overpotential of only 290 m V for the OER at 10 m A cm^(-2),which was 70 m V lower than Ru O_(2).The Co/Mo C@N-C was also evaluated as a cathode in a solid-state Zn-air battery and delivered a higher peak discharge power density and better cycling stability(over 1600 min)than Pt/C-Ru O_(2).Most importantly,our work provides a new strategy to prepare bifunctional catalysts and promotes their applications in the energy conversion field.展开更多
Medicinal and dietary plants provide numerous nutritional and functional compounds and also have various potential health benefits to humanity.The specific and efficient techniques for accurate identification of nutri...Medicinal and dietary plants provide numerous nutritional and functional compounds and also have various potential health benefits to humanity.The specific and efficient techniques for accurate identification of nutritional compounds and functional metabolites is crucial for the development of functional foods from medicinal and dietary plants.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and mass spectrometry(MS)are indispensable and essential technologies that provide an unsurpassed wealth of untargeted identification,quantitative and qualitative analysis,and structural information in the study of food and plant products.In the past decade,the rapid development of modern analytical technology has led to the emergence of new approaches and strategies for natural products discovery.Especially the application of novel NMRand MS-based identification and dereplication strategies aided by artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have brought about a significant shift in the natural products discovery process.These developments and changes in the natural products filed have given us insights into how to accurately target and mining nutritional,functional,and bioactive compounds.Thus,we have summarized recent research on novel NMR and MS based strategies and methods focusing on functional compounds,accurate identification and efficient discovery mainly in medicinal and dietary plants.This review could provide a comprehensive perspective for a better understanding of novel strategies and methods based on NMR and MS technologies,which could provide valuable insights and ideas for functional compounds mining.展开更多
The year 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of China’s comprehensive implementation of the new energy security strategy,“Four Revolutions,One Cooperation.”Over the past decade,China has experienced a series of signif...The year 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of China’s comprehensive implementation of the new energy security strategy,“Four Revolutions,One Cooperation.”Over the past decade,China has experienced a series of significant changes in its energy sector,promoting comprehensive reforms in energy consumption patterns and consistently pursuing a cleaner,low-carbon energy structure.The country has accelerated the development of a diverse and clean energy supply system,creating a multifaceted supply network driven by coal,oil,gas,nuclear,and renewable energy sources,and continuously enhancing its energy supply capacity.By leveraging technological innovation as the primary driving force,China has thoroughly deepened energy system reforms to unleash market vitality and has strengthened international cooperation in the energy sector across all dimensions.The construction of a strong energy nation has further advanced,with significantly enhanced security assurance capabilities,effectively supporting and serving the healthy development of the economy and society.To accelerate the development of a new energy system,relevant national departments have introduced a series of industry policies and reform proposals in the energy sector.These initiatives aim to strongly support high-quality energy development by strengthening energy supply security,promoting a green and low-carbon energy transition,enhancing energy utilization efficiency,and improving energy market mechanisms and regulation.展开更多
Since the proposal of achieving dual carbon goals,countries worldwide have been actively seeking next-generation energy technologies.Ammonia energy,particularly green ammonia,has recently become a focal point of globa...Since the proposal of achieving dual carbon goals,countries worldwide have been actively seeking next-generation energy technologies.Ammonia energy,particularly green ammonia,has recently become a focal point of global attention.The global green ammonia market is expected to grow from USD 17 million in 2021 to USD 5.415 billion by 2030,with a growth rate of 90.2%during this period.As a fossil energy company primarily focused on oil and natural gas,CNPC faces significant pressure to transition to low-carbon operations and achieve dual carbon goals.Keeping track of the current status and technological advancements in ammonia energy development can support CNPC in more effectively implementing its new energy strategy.展开更多
Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a heterogeneous malignancy with heterogeneity,and 35%-45%of patients are refractory to first-line treatment[e.g.,standard chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)]or...Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a heterogeneous malignancy with heterogeneity,and 35%-45%of patients are refractory to first-line treatment[e.g.,standard chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)]or relapse after treatment.Patients with refractory/relapsed(R/R)AML have a dismal prognosis and are ralely cured with conventional treatment(1),indicating the need for new therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes.展开更多
Herpes simplex virus （HSV）, a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a significant human pathogen that results in mucocutaneous lesions in the oral cavity or genital infections. Acyclovir （ACV） and related nucleos...Herpes simplex virus （HSV）, a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a significant human pathogen that results in mucocutaneous lesions in the oral cavity or genital infections. Acyclovir （ACV） and related nucleoside analogues can successfully treat HSV infections, but the emergence of drug resistance to ACV has created a barrier for the treatment of HSV infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. There is an urgent need to explore new and effective tactics to circumvent drug resistance to HSV. This review summarises the current strategies in the development of new targets （the DNA helicase/primase （H/P） complex）, new types of molecules （nature products） and new antiviral mechanisms （lethal mutagenesis of Janus-type nucleosides） to fight the drug resistance of HSV.展开更多
Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and in...Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and includes inflammation, loss of the blood-brain barrier, and alteration in the extracellular matrix （ECM）. One of the main problems is the formation of a glial scar and the production of inhibitory ECM, such as proteoglycans, that generates a physical and mechanical barrier, impeding axonal regrowth （Figure 1A）.展开更多
Hypoxia is a condition found commonly in several disorders,such as ischemia,asthma,anemia and neonatal hypoxia.Individuals subjected suddenly to high altitude or extreme exercise are also challenged to low oxygen（O2...Hypoxia is a condition found commonly in several disorders,such as ischemia,asthma,anemia and neonatal hypoxia.Individuals subjected suddenly to high altitude or extreme exercise are also challenged to low oxygen（O2）levels.Since the brain presents elevated basal O_2 consumption,this organ is readily affected by hypoxia.For this reason,展开更多
The influencing factors of sunlight on skin aging were summarized. sunlight for skin aging is not only because of ultraviolet rays, physiological mechanisms of skin premature aging induced by infrared rays and visible...The influencing factors of sunlight on skin aging were summarized. sunlight for skin aging is not only because of ultraviolet rays, physiological mechanisms of skin premature aging induced by infrared rays and visible light is also gradually clear. This paper elaborated the activation and other complicated photoaging ways of the mitochondria, free radicals, aryl hydrocarbon receptors(AhR) and activation of thermo receptors in inflammatory injurys and membrane receptors during the biological effect and photochemical effect of light. based on these, an universal sunlight protection strategy was proposed as upgrade of traditional sunscreens.展开更多
Under the background of the strategic goal of "three high and four new", higher vocational professional courses should cultivate more high-level compound talents. As a representative of the deep integration ...Under the background of the strategic goal of "three high and four new", higher vocational professional courses should cultivate more high-level compound talents. As a representative of the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industry, the automobile heavy truck maintenance service major, in order to meet the needs of professional development and better serve the strategy of "three high and four new", the paper takes the "Sany Heavy Truck" of Hu’nan Sany Polytechnic College. The professional curriculum reform of "service oriented class" is the research object. It analyzes the problems existing in the construction of professional courses from five aspects: professional course structure, professional course content, professional course implementation, professional course evaluation and professional teachers, and proposes professional curriculum reform strategies.展开更多
Under the context of the New Three-step strategy of Chinese economic development, we use the reverse tracing method and petroleum, natural gas and coal as sources of carbon emissions. To eliminate the impact of region...Under the context of the New Three-step strategy of Chinese economic development, we use the reverse tracing method and petroleum, natural gas and coal as sources of carbon emissions. To eliminate the impact of regional and technological levels in the energy conversion process we improved the IPAT model and used it to predict and analyze China’s per capita carbon emissions in three assumed scenarios up to 2050. We found that China’s per capita carbon emissions peak wil occur respectively in 2020 and 2030 in different assumed scenarios; national per capita carbon emissions wil reach 2.0127–2.6791 tons; China’s per capita carbon emissions wil grow continuously at an average rate of 2.25%–3.40% per year before the peak year and then wil decline at a rate of 1.33%–1.78% per year. By the year of 2050, national per capita carbon emissions wil be 1.3147–1.8817 tons.展开更多
A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling indust...A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling industry and to identify enablers and barriers to its growth in Nepal. Coarse rice varieties dominate Nepal’s rice processing industry, with a 42% share by total weight, followed by medium rice (34%) and fine varieties (less than 7%). Polished white rice (<em>Arwa</em>) was the dominant rice type in Nepal in the survey, followed by parboiled and steamed rice. The price and profit margins increased from coarse to fine rice varieties and from <em>Arwa</em> to parboiled and steamed rice. The cost of milling also followed a similar trend. The rice milling industry in Nepal largely influences the adoption or non-adoption of any specific type of rice variety by dictating specific brands in the market and this has important implications for rice research and development. The rice processing industry of Nepal was unable to compete with the Indian rice milling industry because of: 1) low profit margins due to the high cost of rice production and procurement, 2) a lack of economies of scale, 3) a lack of milling technologies for long and extra-long and steamed rice in the country and a lack of investment to modernize rice milling technology, and 4) unavailability of paddy throughout the year locally. Millers were willing to upgrade their rice milling technology to include high throughput parboiling, steamed rice as well as long and extra-long grain rice. This will be a strategic decision in counteracting the ever-increasing rice imports in Nepal. We believe that the findings of the study will be vital for formulating an appropriate rice research, development and rice processing strategy for Nepal to achieve food and nutritional security and the Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
文摘Cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera) is an important agricultural pest that causes severe yield loss to crops,particularly to cotton.Transgenic Bt crops have been successful in
文摘The paper mainly studies a new way of combining American culture with English language teaching and learning by means of the VOA Special English feature programs. It is based on a 5-year period of teaching practice, experience and reflection. This interactive, innovative, productive and student-centered approach is a far cry from the rigid, old, unproductive and teacher-centered approach of teaching British and American culture without combining language learning and practice as is commonly used here in Chinese colleges. The author also throws some light on how to use on-line teaching resources and how to cultivate independent learning on the part of the students he has worked with.
文摘BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide,second only to breast cancer.Around 80%of women have been infected with human papillomavirus(HPV)in their lifetime.Early screening and treatment are effective means of preventing cervical cancer,but due to economic reasons,many parts of the world do not have free screening programs to protect women’s health.AIM To increase HPV cervical cancer screening in Changsha and reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.METHODS Cervical cancer screening included gynecological examination,vaginal secretion examination and HPV high-risk typing testing.Cervical cytology examination(ThinPrep cytology test)was performed for individuals who test positive for HPV types other than 16 and 18.Vaginal colposcopy examination was performed for HPV16 and 18 positive individuals,as well as for those who were positive for ThinPrep cytology test.If the results of vaginal colposcopy examination were abnormal,histopathological examination was performed.We conducted a cost-benefit analysis after 4 years.RESULTS From 2019 to 2022,523437 women aged 35-64 years in Changsha city were screened and 73313 were positive,with a 14%positive rate.The detection rate of precancerous lesions of cervical cancer was 0.6%and the detection rate of cervical cancer was 0.037%.Among 311212 patients who underwent two cancers examinations,the incidence rate was reduced by more than half in the second examination.The average screening cost per woman was 120 RMB.The average cost of detecting early cases was 10619 RMB,with an early detection cost coefficient of 0.083.CONCLUSION Our screening strategy was effective and cost-effective,making it valuable for early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.It is worth promoting in economically limited areas.
文摘Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,Comrade Xi Jinping pools the wisdom of the Communist Party of China(Party for short),focusing on the overall issues,core issues,and key issues under the new situation of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics,has made a series of important speeches,proposed a complete set of strategy for national governing,thus。
文摘Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has scientifically integrated the two overall situations of the country and the international community as well as the two major issues of development and security,thus forming a series of new concepts,new ideas and new strategies for governing the country.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Provincethe National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Energy is the key to our future.Whether to the production,storage or use of energy,carbon materials could provide a good solution.They are closely related to people’s daily life and regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the flexible electrodes in energy storage devices.Recently,a research team from the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences prepared a
基金the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B18030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21421001 and 21531005)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(19JCZDJC37200)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20190157)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019 M660979)。
文摘The large-scale application of Zn-air battery requires the development of efficient,low-cost,and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Herein,an electrocatalyst of a Co/Mo C-nanoparticles embedded N-doped carbon(Co/Mo C@N-C)was prepared via the in-situ encapsulation of Co_(2)(CO)_(8)and Mo(CO)6 in ZIF-8 using ball-milling,followed by pyrolysis under an Ar atmosphere.When used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst,the as-prepared Co/Mo C@N-C showed an ORR half-wave potential of 0.824 V in an alkaline medium and an overpotential of only 290 m V for the OER at 10 m A cm^(-2),which was 70 m V lower than Ru O_(2).The Co/Mo C@N-C was also evaluated as a cathode in a solid-state Zn-air battery and delivered a higher peak discharge power density and better cycling stability(over 1600 min)than Pt/C-Ru O_(2).Most importantly,our work provides a new strategy to prepare bifunctional catalysts and promotes their applications in the energy conversion field.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100301)Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(231100310200)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370426)Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(202305AH340005),and Dr Plant。
文摘Medicinal and dietary plants provide numerous nutritional and functional compounds and also have various potential health benefits to humanity.The specific and efficient techniques for accurate identification of nutritional compounds and functional metabolites is crucial for the development of functional foods from medicinal and dietary plants.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and mass spectrometry(MS)are indispensable and essential technologies that provide an unsurpassed wealth of untargeted identification,quantitative and qualitative analysis,and structural information in the study of food and plant products.In the past decade,the rapid development of modern analytical technology has led to the emergence of new approaches and strategies for natural products discovery.Especially the application of novel NMRand MS-based identification and dereplication strategies aided by artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have brought about a significant shift in the natural products discovery process.These developments and changes in the natural products filed have given us insights into how to accurately target and mining nutritional,functional,and bioactive compounds.Thus,we have summarized recent research on novel NMR and MS based strategies and methods focusing on functional compounds,accurate identification and efficient discovery mainly in medicinal and dietary plants.This review could provide a comprehensive perspective for a better understanding of novel strategies and methods based on NMR and MS technologies,which could provide valuable insights and ideas for functional compounds mining.
文摘The year 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of China’s comprehensive implementation of the new energy security strategy,“Four Revolutions,One Cooperation.”Over the past decade,China has experienced a series of significant changes in its energy sector,promoting comprehensive reforms in energy consumption patterns and consistently pursuing a cleaner,low-carbon energy structure.The country has accelerated the development of a diverse and clean energy supply system,creating a multifaceted supply network driven by coal,oil,gas,nuclear,and renewable energy sources,and continuously enhancing its energy supply capacity.By leveraging technological innovation as the primary driving force,China has thoroughly deepened energy system reforms to unleash market vitality and has strengthened international cooperation in the energy sector across all dimensions.The construction of a strong energy nation has further advanced,with significantly enhanced security assurance capabilities,effectively supporting and serving the healthy development of the economy and society.To accelerate the development of a new energy system,relevant national departments have introduced a series of industry policies and reform proposals in the energy sector.These initiatives aim to strongly support high-quality energy development by strengthening energy supply security,promoting a green and low-carbon energy transition,enhancing energy utilization efficiency,and improving energy market mechanisms and regulation.
基金Integrating method of absorption and reaeration for CO_(2) capture(2023ZZ0101).
文摘Since the proposal of achieving dual carbon goals,countries worldwide have been actively seeking next-generation energy technologies.Ammonia energy,particularly green ammonia,has recently become a focal point of global attention.The global green ammonia market is expected to grow from USD 17 million in 2021 to USD 5.415 billion by 2030,with a growth rate of 90.2%during this period.As a fossil energy company primarily focused on oil and natural gas,CNPC faces significant pressure to transition to low-carbon operations and achieve dual carbon goals.Keeping track of the current status and technological advancements in ammonia energy development can support CNPC in more effectively implementing its new energy strategy.
基金supported by the National Major Scientific and Technological Projects(No.2023ZD0501201)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(No.2024A0505090015)+2 种基金the Clinical Research Project of Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University(No.2023CR007)the Science and Technology Project of Ganzhou City(No.GZ2024YLJ033)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170215)。
文摘Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a heterogeneous malignancy with heterogeneity,and 35%-45%of patients are refractory to first-line treatment[e.g.,standard chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)]or relapse after treatment.Patients with refractory/relapsed(R/R)AML have a dismal prognosis and are ralely cured with conventional treatment(1),indicating the need for new therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundations of China(document no.:81321002,81500860,81300888)a grant from 111 Project of Ministry of Education,China,for fi nancial support
文摘Herpes simplex virus （HSV）, a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a significant human pathogen that results in mucocutaneous lesions in the oral cavity or genital infections. Acyclovir （ACV） and related nucleoside analogues can successfully treat HSV infections, but the emergence of drug resistance to ACV has created a barrier for the treatment of HSV infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. There is an urgent need to explore new and effective tactics to circumvent drug resistance to HSV. This review summarises the current strategies in the development of new targets （the DNA helicase/primase （H/P） complex）, new types of molecules （nature products） and new antiviral mechanisms （lethal mutagenesis of Janus-type nucleosides） to fight the drug resistance of HSV.
文摘Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and includes inflammation, loss of the blood-brain barrier, and alteration in the extracellular matrix （ECM）. One of the main problems is the formation of a glial scar and the production of inhibitory ECM, such as proteoglycans, that generates a physical and mechanical barrier, impeding axonal regrowth （Figure 1A）.
基金Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)INCT-Excitoxicidade e Neuroprotecao and by FINEP research grant “Rede Instituto Brasileiro de Neurociencia (IBN-Net)” #01.06.0842-00
文摘Hypoxia is a condition found commonly in several disorders,such as ischemia,asthma,anemia and neonatal hypoxia.Individuals subjected suddenly to high altitude or extreme exercise are also challenged to low oxygen（O2）levels.Since the brain presents elevated basal O_2 consumption,this organ is readily affected by hypoxia.For this reason,
文摘The influencing factors of sunlight on skin aging were summarized. sunlight for skin aging is not only because of ultraviolet rays, physiological mechanisms of skin premature aging induced by infrared rays and visible light is also gradually clear. This paper elaborated the activation and other complicated photoaging ways of the mitochondria, free radicals, aryl hydrocarbon receptors(AhR) and activation of thermo receptors in inflammatory injurys and membrane receptors during the biological effect and photochemical effect of light. based on these, an universal sunlight protection strategy was proposed as upgrade of traditional sunscreens.
文摘Under the background of the strategic goal of "three high and four new", higher vocational professional courses should cultivate more high-level compound talents. As a representative of the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industry, the automobile heavy truck maintenance service major, in order to meet the needs of professional development and better serve the strategy of "three high and four new", the paper takes the "Sany Heavy Truck" of Hu’nan Sany Polytechnic College. The professional curriculum reform of "service oriented class" is the research object. It analyzes the problems existing in the construction of professional courses from five aspects: professional course structure, professional course content, professional course implementation, professional course evaluation and professional teachers, and proposes professional curriculum reform strategies.
基金National Natural Science Fund of China(51379015)Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education of China(2013-46)+3 种基金Humanity and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(15YJC790015)Shaanxi Research Fund(2013KW13-01,13D231)Xi’an Social Science Fund(15J24)the Central Universities Fund(2014G2280013,2014G6285067)
文摘Under the context of the New Three-step strategy of Chinese economic development, we use the reverse tracing method and petroleum, natural gas and coal as sources of carbon emissions. To eliminate the impact of regional and technological levels in the energy conversion process we improved the IPAT model and used it to predict and analyze China’s per capita carbon emissions in three assumed scenarios up to 2050. We found that China’s per capita carbon emissions peak wil occur respectively in 2020 and 2030 in different assumed scenarios; national per capita carbon emissions wil reach 2.0127–2.6791 tons; China’s per capita carbon emissions wil grow continuously at an average rate of 2.25%–3.40% per year before the peak year and then wil decline at a rate of 1.33%–1.78% per year. By the year of 2050, national per capita carbon emissions wil be 1.3147–1.8817 tons.
文摘A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling industry and to identify enablers and barriers to its growth in Nepal. Coarse rice varieties dominate Nepal’s rice processing industry, with a 42% share by total weight, followed by medium rice (34%) and fine varieties (less than 7%). Polished white rice (<em>Arwa</em>) was the dominant rice type in Nepal in the survey, followed by parboiled and steamed rice. The price and profit margins increased from coarse to fine rice varieties and from <em>Arwa</em> to parboiled and steamed rice. The cost of milling also followed a similar trend. The rice milling industry in Nepal largely influences the adoption or non-adoption of any specific type of rice variety by dictating specific brands in the market and this has important implications for rice research and development. The rice processing industry of Nepal was unable to compete with the Indian rice milling industry because of: 1) low profit margins due to the high cost of rice production and procurement, 2) a lack of economies of scale, 3) a lack of milling technologies for long and extra-long and steamed rice in the country and a lack of investment to modernize rice milling technology, and 4) unavailability of paddy throughout the year locally. Millers were willing to upgrade their rice milling technology to include high throughput parboiling, steamed rice as well as long and extra-long grain rice. This will be a strategic decision in counteracting the ever-increasing rice imports in Nepal. We believe that the findings of the study will be vital for formulating an appropriate rice research, development and rice processing strategy for Nepal to achieve food and nutritional security and the Sustainable Development Goals.
