This paper employs system dynamics to explore how the synergy between technology management and technological capability affects new product development.The results show that the synergy between technology management ...This paper employs system dynamics to explore how the synergy between technology management and technological capability affects new product development.The results show that the synergy between technology management and technological capability has positive impact on new product development.Moreover, the leading synergy processes between technology management and technological capability in different new product development stages are different.This paper deepens the theoretical understanding of how to achieve new product development, and also provides useful guidance for firms to implement new product development.展开更多
The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigat...The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigated. A series of hypotheses were developed aiming at presenting a conceptual framework to clarify how market orientation contributes to product innovation performance-moderated by the degree of product innovativeness and affected by the interdepartmental integration. Survey data from 36 business units were analyzed based on the respondents in the research. The statistic results suggest a substantial positive effect of market orientation on product innovation performance. Under the condition of incremental innovativeness among the samples, the more innovative the product is, the more improvements in product innovation performance would be achieved. A variety of particular interdepartmental integration mechanisms have been certified to lend more supports to establishing market orientation and improving product innovation performance.展开更多
Crowdsourcing is an innovative business practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content or even funds by soliciting contributions from a large group of people （the ＇Crowd＇）. The potential benefits of util...Crowdsourcing is an innovative business practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content or even funds by soliciting contributions from a large group of people （the ＇Crowd＇）. The potential benefits of utilizing crowdsourcing in product design are well-documented, but little research exists on what are the barriers and opportunities in adopting crowdsourcing in new product development （NPD） of manufacturing SMEs. In order to answer the above questions, a Proof of Market study is carried out on crowdsourcing-based product design under an Innovate UK funded Smart project, which aims at identifying the needs, challenges and future development opportunities associated with adopting crowdsourcing strategies for NPD. The research findings from this study are reported here and can be used to guide future development of crowdsourcing-based collaborative design methods and tools and provide some practical references for industry to adopt this new and emerging collaborative design method in their business.展开更多
Quality function deployment(QFD),which can translate efficiently customer requirement(CRs)into technical attributes(TAs),is widely used in new product development(NPD)as an efficient customer-driven approach.After lot...Quality function deployment(QFD),which can translate efficiently customer requirement(CRs)into technical attributes(TAs),is widely used in new product development(NPD)as an efficient customer-driven approach.After lots of QFD application is applied in manufacturing fields,it was proved that without considering suppliers involved,it is difficult to get precise and satisfying results in each process of QFD,particularly part deployment.The paper will address the issues of a model of optional parts selection in suppliers involved in part deployment process.Further,it has been applied to an ERP system reconstruction and updating problem as an illustration.展开更多
In order to identify the effective decision-making factors at the individual NPD project manager level, a new effective decision-making model has been established by introducing the concept of decision-making effectiv...In order to identify the effective decision-making factors at the individual NPD project manager level, a new effective decision-making model has been established by introducing the concept of decision-making effectiveness, analyzing the role of expertise, and identifying the major role of expertise and insight with respect to the interfaces between a new product, an organization, customers, technologies and regulations, for the study of the effective decision-making facilitators and inhibitors for a NPD project. The analysis of the unique task conditions for individual decision-makers shows that perceived complexity, uncertainty and time pressure have their negative effect on the effective decision-making process. It is concluded that the flexible, balanced and appropriate use of rational analysis, common sense and intuition is a key effective decision-making factor, and the psychologically ‘active attitude’ of a manager is also an important factor for successful dealing with the difficult task conditions.展开更多
Nowadays, the rapid changes in the marketing environment of construction products accelerate the shortening tendency of product life cycles which in return put pressure on companies to produce successful new products ...Nowadays, the rapid changes in the marketing environment of construction products accelerate the shortening tendency of product life cycles which in return put pressure on companies to produce successful new products and adopt innovative strategies to survive and expand in the fast competitive environment. The success of the new construction products calls for a high-quality and well-managed product development process. Thus, this study aims at defining the basic steps of a NPD （new product development） process designed for floor coverings and evaluating its applicability. To this end, the product development methods of the leading companies in the construction sector in Turkey have been analyzed. Also, a questionnaire has been conducted to determine which of the steps of the proposed methodology are currently being realized and which are not or cannot be implemented. Finally, based on this information, certain suggestions have been made as to what can be done to enhance the NPD processes of the companies＇ subject to evaluation.展开更多
This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that en...This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to new product performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship. This article examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on new product innovation performance in Chinese situations, and it is the first time to check the intermediary functions on each dimension of knowledge test between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance.展开更多
Knowledge transfer among New Product Development(NPD)projects is beneficial for reducing project duration and promoting technological innovation.To support effective knowledge transfer,we propose a clustering method f...Knowledge transfer among New Product Development(NPD)projects is beneficial for reducing project duration and promoting technological innovation.To support effective knowledge transfer,we propose a clustering method for NPD projects based on similarity,integrating both structural and attribute similarities.First,to measure project structural similarity,we analyze both direct and indirect knowledge transfer relationships among project activities using the dependency structure matrix(DSM).Second,we measure project attribute similarity by calculating knowledge increments derived from sequential and iterative development processes.Finally,we apply a hierarchical clustering method to group similar projects,forming different programs.An industrial example is provided to demonstrate the proposed model.The results show that clustering projects into programs can enhance multi-project management by reducing coordination time for knowledge transfer within each program.Additionally,this approach provides some new insights,including quantifying project similarity based on knowledge transfer and understanding the influence of structural and attribute similarities on multi-project management.展开更多
In the digital economy era,many manufacturing enterprises are leveraging digital service enterprises to enhance their digital innovation processes.This paper introduces the concept of“digital innovation network embed...In the digital economy era,many manufacturing enterprises are leveraging digital service enterprises to enhance their digital innovation processes.This paper introduces the concept of“digital innovation network embeddedness”to describe this trend.Unlike traditional strategic resources,which are constrained by high-value,relatively static,restricted flow,and exclusivity,digital resources demonstrate superior fluidity,non-rivalrous access,and high value-driven interdependencies.To bridge this theoretical gap,this study examines the distinctive attributes of digital resources through the dual lenses of resource orchestration theory and dynamic capability theory.Specifically,it proposes big data capability as a mediating mechanism and organizational structure flexibility as a critical moderating factor.Developing this integrated research framework aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which digital innovation network embeddedness dynamically shapes new product development(NPD)performance.Ultimately,this study seeks to advance theoretical understanding and provide actionable insights for digitally empowered manufacturing enterprises to enhance their NPD outcomes.The framework is tested using data from 559 manufacturing enterprises located in South China.There are three findings.(1)An inverted U-shaped relationship exists between digital innovation network structure and NPD performance,and between relationship embeddedness and NPD performance,respectively.(2)Big data capability mediates the relationship between moderate levels of digital innovation network embeddedness and NPD performance.However,at high levels of digital innovation network embeddedness,big data capability does not significantly mediate the relationship between digital innovation network structure/relationship embeddedness and NPD performance,respectively.(3)Organizational structure flexibility positively moderates the relationship between digital innovation network relationship embeddedness,big data capability,and NPD performance.Moreover,while mediated moderation occurred,the direct moderation effect on digital innovation network embeddedness is nonsignificant.The conclusions of this study provide insights for manufacturing enterprises seeking to enhance NPD performance within the context of digital innovation network embeddedness.展开更多
Purpose-In this paper,the four popular multiple-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methods in fuzzy environment are utilized to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of decision-makers(DMs),because the cri...Purpose-In this paper,the four popular multiple-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methods in fuzzy environment are utilized to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of decision-makers(DMs),because the crisp pairwise comparison in these conventional MCDM methods seems to be insufficient and imprecise to capture the right judgments of DMs.Of these methods,as Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(F-AHP)is used to calculate criteria weights,the other methods;Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(F-TOPSIS),Fuzzy Grey relational analysis(F-GRA)and Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization METhod for Enrichment of Evaluations(F-PROMETHEE II)are used to rank alternatives in the three different ways for a comparative study.Design/methodology/approach-The demand for green products has dramatically increased because the importance and public awareness of the preservation of natural environment was taken into consideration much more in the last two decades.As a result of this,especially manufacturing companies have been forced to design more green products,resulting in a problem of how they incorporate environmental issues into their design and evaluate concept options.The need for the practical decision-making tools to address this problem is rapidly evolving since the problem turns into an MCDM problem in the presence of a set of green concept alternatives and criteria.Findings-The incorporation of fuzzy set theory into these methods is discussed on a real-life case study,and a comparative analysis is done by using its numerical results in which the three fuzzy-based methods reveal the same outcomes(or rankings),while F-GRA requires less computational steps.Moreover,more detailed analyses on the numerical results of the case study are completed on the normalization methods,distance metrics,aggregation functions,defuzzification methods and other issues.Research limitations/implications-The designing and manufacturing environmental-friendly products in a product design process has been a vital issue for many companies which take care of reflecting environmental issues into their product design and meeting standards of recent green guidelines.These companies have utilized these guidelines by following special procedures at the design phase.Along the design process consisting of various steps,the environmental issues have been considered an important factor in the end-of-life of products since it can reduce the impact on the nature.In the stage of developing a new product with the aim of environmental-friendly design,the green thinking should be incorporated as early as possible in the process.Practical implications-The case study was inspired from the previous work of the author,which was realized in a hot runner systems manufacturer,used in injection molding systems in a Canada.In a new product development process,the back-and front-ends of development efforts mainly determine the following criteria:cost,risk,quality and green used in this paper.The case study showed that the three fuzzy MCDM methods come to the same ranking outcomes.F-GRA has a better time complexity compared to the other two methods and uses a smaller number of computational steps.Moreover,a comparative analysis of the three F-MCDM methods;F-PROMETHEE II,F-TOPSIS and F-GRA used in ranking for green concept alternatives using the numerical results of the case study.For the case study;as seen in table 20,the three F-MCDM methods produced the numerical results on the rankings of the green concept alternatives as follows;{Concept AConcept C-Concept B-Concept D}.Social implications-Inclusion of environmental-related criteria into concept selection problem has been gaining increasing importance in the last decade.Therefore,to facilitate necessary calculations in applying each method especially with its fuzzy extension,it can be developed a knowledge-based(KB)or an expert system(ES)to help the DMs make the required calculations of each method,and interpret its results with detailed analysis.Originality/value-The objective of the research was to propose a F-AHP based F-MCDM approach to green concept selection problem through F-PROMETHEE II,F-TOPSIS and F-GRA methods.As the F-AHP is used to weight evaluation criteria,the other methods are respectively used for ranking the concept alternatives and determine the best concept alternative.展开更多
Uncertainty is a main source of opportunistic behaviors in research and development cooperations,which challenges strategic decisions ranging from investments to operations.To avoid opportunism arising in cooperations...Uncertainty is a main source of opportunistic behaviors in research and development cooperations,which challenges strategic decisions ranging from investments to operations.To avoid opportunism arising in cooperations,commitments(either formal contracts or informal communications)are generally made in advance by members of an alliance.However,how does a commitment encourage R&D investments and ultimately enhance the total performance,without loss of flexibility in ex post operations?This study attempts to answer this by investigating a bounded commitment in the context of vertical collaborations in a supply chain.In this exploratory study,a 3-stage game model is used(by backward induction)to examine a two-echelon supply chain under a bounded commitment in NPD.Our analysis shows that upstream R&D investment is stimulated more and that both members are better off under the bounded commitment.At the same time,when the relative bargaining power between the supplier and the manufacturer falls into an appropriate area,it is possible to reach a bounded commitment,and the manufacturer is more sensitive to this relationship.Finally,the bounded commitment restrains opportunistic behaviors,but there is no strong sign that an increase in the ratio of the order outside the chain to the inside one can make firms better.展开更多
Jiangsu Feng Ming Group is a large and comprehensive provincial foodstuff enterprise group combining research, development, production and operation, trading and circulation and service. Over the past few years, on th...Jiangsu Feng Ming Group is a large and comprehensive provincial foodstuff enterprise group combining research, development, production and operation, trading and circulation and service. Over the past few years, on the basis of the processing of fruits and vegetables and taking its name brand products as the lead, the group has展开更多
Whey protein products provided ideal ingredients for nutritional food applications.Whey proteins are known to have high nutritional quality due to their high content of essential amino acids,high digestibility and bio...Whey protein products provided ideal ingredients for nutritional food applications.Whey proteins are known to have high nutritional quality due to their high content of essential amino acids,high digestibility and biological value.Research in the past decades has shown that many of the whey protein fractions and peptides derived from them possess various biological activities.The technology developments in the last decade,such as those in the areas of protein fractionation technologies have made industrial scale production of fractionated whey protein products commercially feasible.The development in hydrolysis technology and the peptide analytical capability allowed production of whey protein hydrolysates with designed bioactivity and functionalities.People are continuously finding new biological activities of the various whey protein fractions or their hydrolysis products.Significant amount of research has also been carried out to study the clinical benefits of some of the whey protein fractions and whey protein derived peptides.Examples of these studies will be reviewed and discussed.展开更多
Baosteel's high-frequency electric resistance welded(HFW)610 longitudinal seam mill(85/8″-24″,the yearly output 300000 t)and UOE 1422 longitudinal submerged arc welding(SAW)mill(20'-56',the yearly output...Baosteel's high-frequency electric resistance welded(HFW)610 longitudinal seam mill(85/8″-24″,the yearly output 300000 t)and UOE 1422 longitudinal submerged arc welding(SAW)mill(20'-56',the yearly output 500000 t)are established in 2005 and 2008,respectively.Product specification covers whole of API 5CT standard and most of API 5L standard,terminating the history of manufacturing the medium and large size pipes at Baosteel.The yearly output increased from 1,200000 t to nearly 2000000 t.HFW 610 mill is oriented at mid size pipes,which are mainly linepipe and welded casing.The designed yearly output of HFW mill is 300000 t,including casing of 90000 t,linepipe of 180000 t,round structural pipe of 15000 t and rectangle structural pipe of 15000 t.The yearly output of oil casing line supporting the welding line is 120000 t,among which including welded casing and seamless casing of 30000 t.Baosteel's HFW 610 longitudinal seam mill was established on October 27,2005.After the equipment trial run In October,2005-March,2006 and equipment function examination In April,2006-June,2006,mass production started in July 2006.And in December 2006,monthly designed capacity was achieved,reaching to 30496.644 t in welding pipe and 28349.939 t in finished pipe.The output of 2006,2007,2008 and 2009 was 117067 t,223554 t,255791 t,and 204424 t,with the comprehensive yield ratio 79.4%,87.8%,90.80%and 91.92%respectively.This study introduces Baosteel HFW 610 Mill which is the world class,energy conservation and environmental protection enterprise,including product orientation,process and new product development.展开更多
This paper is a case study about how a new product developed by Western multinational company enters new market ?the China's Mainland. In this study, a new fabric ?DuPont's hi-technical Tyvek?PU Coating, is fa...This paper is a case study about how a new product developed by Western multinational company enters new market ?the China's Mainland. In this study, a new fabric ?DuPont's hi-technical Tyvek?PU Coating, is fashionized and developed into a new fashionable and functional casual-rainwear, using the approach of new product development method ( idea generation; screening; business analysis; development; evaluation and testing; commercialization).展开更多
Our Japanese industry-university project group of Aoyama Gakuin University investigated and studied new educational programs to cultivate“future strategy design”human resources over several years.The purpose of this...Our Japanese industry-university project group of Aoyama Gakuin University investigated and studied new educational programs to cultivate“future strategy design”human resources over several years.The purpose of this research paper is to describe two types of educational programs.The first program proposes the system creator,which is capable of new product design and innovative management that use advanced technologies such as internet of things(IoT),artificial intelligence(AI),and augmented and virtual reality.The second program proposes the business producer that is capable of platform service business modeling,product development and strategy,and customer service.The characteristics of these programs involve applying new educational methods to combine project-based learning(PBL)and active learning.展开更多
This paper takes an overview of the CKM and the performance of agricultural product innovation from contents of agricultural product innovation and customer knowledge management(CKM),the relation between CKM and agric...This paper takes an overview of the CKM and the performance of agricultural product innovation from contents of agricultural product innovation and customer knowledge management(CKM),the relation between CKM and agricultural product innovation.On the basis of the overview,it builds the theoretical framework of CKM and agricultural product innovation.It points out that enterprises can satisfy demands of customers through acquisition,share,utilization and innovation of customer knowledge,and improve performance of agricultural product innovation through speeding up agricultural product innovation.展开更多
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Philosophy and Social Science Research Project (19GLB087)。
文摘This paper employs system dynamics to explore how the synergy between technology management and technological capability affects new product development.The results show that the synergy between technology management and technological capability has positive impact on new product development.Moreover, the leading synergy processes between technology management and technological capability in different new product development stages are different.This paper deepens the theoretical understanding of how to achieve new product development, and also provides useful guidance for firms to implement new product development.
文摘The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigated. A series of hypotheses were developed aiming at presenting a conceptual framework to clarify how market orientation contributes to product innovation performance-moderated by the degree of product innovativeness and affected by the interdepartmental integration. Survey data from 36 business units were analyzed based on the respondents in the research. The statistic results suggest a substantial positive effect of market orientation on product innovation performance. Under the condition of incremental innovativeness among the samples, the more innovative the product is, the more improvements in product innovation performance would be achieved. A variety of particular interdepartmental integration mechanisms have been certified to lend more supports to establishing market orientation and improving product innovation performance.
基金Supported by Innovate UK Smart Project(Grant No.700484)
文摘Crowdsourcing is an innovative business practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content or even funds by soliciting contributions from a large group of people （the ＇Crowd＇）. The potential benefits of utilizing crowdsourcing in product design are well-documented, but little research exists on what are the barriers and opportunities in adopting crowdsourcing in new product development （NPD） of manufacturing SMEs. In order to answer the above questions, a Proof of Market study is carried out on crowdsourcing-based product design under an Innovate UK funded Smart project, which aims at identifying the needs, challenges and future development opportunities associated with adopting crowdsourcing strategies for NPD. The research findings from this study are reported here and can be used to guide future development of crowdsourcing-based collaborative design methods and tools and provide some practical references for industry to adopt this new and emerging collaborative design method in their business.
基金Funded by Natural Science Foundation of China(70471028),and the Excellent Youth Teacher Program of Ministry of Education of China.
文摘Quality function deployment(QFD),which can translate efficiently customer requirement(CRs)into technical attributes(TAs),is widely used in new product development(NPD)as an efficient customer-driven approach.After lots of QFD application is applied in manufacturing fields,it was proved that without considering suppliers involved,it is difficult to get precise and satisfying results in each process of QFD,particularly part deployment.The paper will address the issues of a model of optional parts selection in suppliers involved in part deployment process.Further,it has been applied to an ERP system reconstruction and updating problem as an illustration.
文摘In order to identify the effective decision-making factors at the individual NPD project manager level, a new effective decision-making model has been established by introducing the concept of decision-making effectiveness, analyzing the role of expertise, and identifying the major role of expertise and insight with respect to the interfaces between a new product, an organization, customers, technologies and regulations, for the study of the effective decision-making facilitators and inhibitors for a NPD project. The analysis of the unique task conditions for individual decision-makers shows that perceived complexity, uncertainty and time pressure have their negative effect on the effective decision-making process. It is concluded that the flexible, balanced and appropriate use of rational analysis, common sense and intuition is a key effective decision-making factor, and the psychologically ‘active attitude’ of a manager is also an important factor for successful dealing with the difficult task conditions.
文摘Nowadays, the rapid changes in the marketing environment of construction products accelerate the shortening tendency of product life cycles which in return put pressure on companies to produce successful new products and adopt innovative strategies to survive and expand in the fast competitive environment. The success of the new construction products calls for a high-quality and well-managed product development process. Thus, this study aims at defining the basic steps of a NPD （new product development） process designed for floor coverings and evaluating its applicability. To this end, the product development methods of the leading companies in the construction sector in Turkey have been analyzed. Also, a questionnaire has been conducted to determine which of the steps of the proposed methodology are currently being realized and which are not or cannot be implemented. Finally, based on this information, certain suggestions have been made as to what can be done to enhance the NPD processes of the companies＇ subject to evaluation.
文摘This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to new product performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship. This article examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on new product innovation performance in Chinese situations, and it is the first time to check the intermediary functions on each dimension of knowledge test between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.W2441021 and 72271022).
文摘Knowledge transfer among New Product Development(NPD)projects is beneficial for reducing project duration and promoting technological innovation.To support effective knowledge transfer,we propose a clustering method for NPD projects based on similarity,integrating both structural and attribute similarities.First,to measure project structural similarity,we analyze both direct and indirect knowledge transfer relationships among project activities using the dependency structure matrix(DSM).Second,we measure project attribute similarity by calculating knowledge increments derived from sequential and iterative development processes.Finally,we apply a hierarchical clustering method to group similar projects,forming different programs.An industrial example is provided to demonstrate the proposed model.The results show that clustering projects into programs can enhance multi-project management by reducing coordination time for knowledge transfer within each program.Additionally,this approach provides some new insights,including quantifying project similarity based on knowledge transfer and understanding the influence of structural and attribute similarities on multi-project management.
基金supported by the Post-Funded Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(No.23FGLB088)the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71974059)+2 种基金the Ministry of Education in China Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Foundation(No.23YJA630124)the Development of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Guangzhou in 2021(No.2021GZYB12)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515030110).
文摘In the digital economy era,many manufacturing enterprises are leveraging digital service enterprises to enhance their digital innovation processes.This paper introduces the concept of“digital innovation network embeddedness”to describe this trend.Unlike traditional strategic resources,which are constrained by high-value,relatively static,restricted flow,and exclusivity,digital resources demonstrate superior fluidity,non-rivalrous access,and high value-driven interdependencies.To bridge this theoretical gap,this study examines the distinctive attributes of digital resources through the dual lenses of resource orchestration theory and dynamic capability theory.Specifically,it proposes big data capability as a mediating mechanism and organizational structure flexibility as a critical moderating factor.Developing this integrated research framework aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which digital innovation network embeddedness dynamically shapes new product development(NPD)performance.Ultimately,this study seeks to advance theoretical understanding and provide actionable insights for digitally empowered manufacturing enterprises to enhance their NPD outcomes.The framework is tested using data from 559 manufacturing enterprises located in South China.There are three findings.(1)An inverted U-shaped relationship exists between digital innovation network structure and NPD performance,and between relationship embeddedness and NPD performance,respectively.(2)Big data capability mediates the relationship between moderate levels of digital innovation network embeddedness and NPD performance.However,at high levels of digital innovation network embeddedness,big data capability does not significantly mediate the relationship between digital innovation network structure/relationship embeddedness and NPD performance,respectively.(3)Organizational structure flexibility positively moderates the relationship between digital innovation network relationship embeddedness,big data capability,and NPD performance.Moreover,while mediated moderation occurred,the direct moderation effect on digital innovation network embeddedness is nonsignificant.The conclusions of this study provide insights for manufacturing enterprises seeking to enhance NPD performance within the context of digital innovation network embeddedness.
文摘Purpose-In this paper,the four popular multiple-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methods in fuzzy environment are utilized to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of decision-makers(DMs),because the crisp pairwise comparison in these conventional MCDM methods seems to be insufficient and imprecise to capture the right judgments of DMs.Of these methods,as Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(F-AHP)is used to calculate criteria weights,the other methods;Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(F-TOPSIS),Fuzzy Grey relational analysis(F-GRA)and Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization METhod for Enrichment of Evaluations(F-PROMETHEE II)are used to rank alternatives in the three different ways for a comparative study.Design/methodology/approach-The demand for green products has dramatically increased because the importance and public awareness of the preservation of natural environment was taken into consideration much more in the last two decades.As a result of this,especially manufacturing companies have been forced to design more green products,resulting in a problem of how they incorporate environmental issues into their design and evaluate concept options.The need for the practical decision-making tools to address this problem is rapidly evolving since the problem turns into an MCDM problem in the presence of a set of green concept alternatives and criteria.Findings-The incorporation of fuzzy set theory into these methods is discussed on a real-life case study,and a comparative analysis is done by using its numerical results in which the three fuzzy-based methods reveal the same outcomes(or rankings),while F-GRA requires less computational steps.Moreover,more detailed analyses on the numerical results of the case study are completed on the normalization methods,distance metrics,aggregation functions,defuzzification methods and other issues.Research limitations/implications-The designing and manufacturing environmental-friendly products in a product design process has been a vital issue for many companies which take care of reflecting environmental issues into their product design and meeting standards of recent green guidelines.These companies have utilized these guidelines by following special procedures at the design phase.Along the design process consisting of various steps,the environmental issues have been considered an important factor in the end-of-life of products since it can reduce the impact on the nature.In the stage of developing a new product with the aim of environmental-friendly design,the green thinking should be incorporated as early as possible in the process.Practical implications-The case study was inspired from the previous work of the author,which was realized in a hot runner systems manufacturer,used in injection molding systems in a Canada.In a new product development process,the back-and front-ends of development efforts mainly determine the following criteria:cost,risk,quality and green used in this paper.The case study showed that the three fuzzy MCDM methods come to the same ranking outcomes.F-GRA has a better time complexity compared to the other two methods and uses a smaller number of computational steps.Moreover,a comparative analysis of the three F-MCDM methods;F-PROMETHEE II,F-TOPSIS and F-GRA used in ranking for green concept alternatives using the numerical results of the case study.For the case study;as seen in table 20,the three F-MCDM methods produced the numerical results on the rankings of the green concept alternatives as follows;{Concept AConcept C-Concept B-Concept D}.Social implications-Inclusion of environmental-related criteria into concept selection problem has been gaining increasing importance in the last decade.Therefore,to facilitate necessary calculations in applying each method especially with its fuzzy extension,it can be developed a knowledge-based(KB)or an expert system(ES)to help the DMs make the required calculations of each method,and interpret its results with detailed analysis.Originality/value-The objective of the research was to propose a F-AHP based F-MCDM approach to green concept selection problem through F-PROMETHEE II,F-TOPSIS and F-GRA methods.As the F-AHP is used to weight evaluation criteria,the other methods are respectively used for ranking the concept alternatives and determine the best concept alternative.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71871016,71671046,71729001)。
文摘Uncertainty is a main source of opportunistic behaviors in research and development cooperations,which challenges strategic decisions ranging from investments to operations.To avoid opportunism arising in cooperations,commitments(either formal contracts or informal communications)are generally made in advance by members of an alliance.However,how does a commitment encourage R&D investments and ultimately enhance the total performance,without loss of flexibility in ex post operations?This study attempts to answer this by investigating a bounded commitment in the context of vertical collaborations in a supply chain.In this exploratory study,a 3-stage game model is used(by backward induction)to examine a two-echelon supply chain under a bounded commitment in NPD.Our analysis shows that upstream R&D investment is stimulated more and that both members are better off under the bounded commitment.At the same time,when the relative bargaining power between the supplier and the manufacturer falls into an appropriate area,it is possible to reach a bounded commitment,and the manufacturer is more sensitive to this relationship.Finally,the bounded commitment restrains opportunistic behaviors,but there is no strong sign that an increase in the ratio of the order outside the chain to the inside one can make firms better.
文摘Jiangsu Feng Ming Group is a large and comprehensive provincial foodstuff enterprise group combining research, development, production and operation, trading and circulation and service. Over the past few years, on the basis of the processing of fruits and vegetables and taking its name brand products as the lead, the group has
文摘Whey protein products provided ideal ingredients for nutritional food applications.Whey proteins are known to have high nutritional quality due to their high content of essential amino acids,high digestibility and biological value.Research in the past decades has shown that many of the whey protein fractions and peptides derived from them possess various biological activities.The technology developments in the last decade,such as those in the areas of protein fractionation technologies have made industrial scale production of fractionated whey protein products commercially feasible.The development in hydrolysis technology and the peptide analytical capability allowed production of whey protein hydrolysates with designed bioactivity and functionalities.People are continuously finding new biological activities of the various whey protein fractions or their hydrolysis products.Significant amount of research has also been carried out to study the clinical benefits of some of the whey protein fractions and whey protein derived peptides.Examples of these studies will be reviewed and discussed.
文摘Baosteel's high-frequency electric resistance welded(HFW)610 longitudinal seam mill(85/8″-24″,the yearly output 300000 t)and UOE 1422 longitudinal submerged arc welding(SAW)mill(20'-56',the yearly output 500000 t)are established in 2005 and 2008,respectively.Product specification covers whole of API 5CT standard and most of API 5L standard,terminating the history of manufacturing the medium and large size pipes at Baosteel.The yearly output increased from 1,200000 t to nearly 2000000 t.HFW 610 mill is oriented at mid size pipes,which are mainly linepipe and welded casing.The designed yearly output of HFW mill is 300000 t,including casing of 90000 t,linepipe of 180000 t,round structural pipe of 15000 t and rectangle structural pipe of 15000 t.The yearly output of oil casing line supporting the welding line is 120000 t,among which including welded casing and seamless casing of 30000 t.Baosteel's HFW 610 longitudinal seam mill was established on October 27,2005.After the equipment trial run In October,2005-March,2006 and equipment function examination In April,2006-June,2006,mass production started in July 2006.And in December 2006,monthly designed capacity was achieved,reaching to 30496.644 t in welding pipe and 28349.939 t in finished pipe.The output of 2006,2007,2008 and 2009 was 117067 t,223554 t,255791 t,and 204424 t,with the comprehensive yield ratio 79.4%,87.8%,90.80%and 91.92%respectively.This study introduces Baosteel HFW 610 Mill which is the world class,energy conservation and environmental protection enterprise,including product orientation,process and new product development.
文摘This paper is a case study about how a new product developed by Western multinational company enters new market ?the China's Mainland. In this study, a new fabric ?DuPont's hi-technical Tyvek?PU Coating, is fashionized and developed into a new fashionable and functional casual-rainwear, using the approach of new product development method ( idea generation; screening; business analysis; development; evaluation and testing; commercialization).
文摘Our Japanese industry-university project group of Aoyama Gakuin University investigated and studied new educational programs to cultivate“future strategy design”human resources over several years.The purpose of this research paper is to describe two types of educational programs.The first program proposes the system creator,which is capable of new product design and innovative management that use advanced technologies such as internet of things(IoT),artificial intelligence(AI),and augmented and virtual reality.The second program proposes the business producer that is capable of platform service business modeling,product development and strategy,and customer service.The characteristics of these programs involve applying new educational methods to combine project-based learning(PBL)and active learning.
文摘This paper takes an overview of the CKM and the performance of agricultural product innovation from contents of agricultural product innovation and customer knowledge management(CKM),the relation between CKM and agricultural product innovation.On the basis of the overview,it builds the theoretical framework of CKM and agricultural product innovation.It points out that enterprises can satisfy demands of customers through acquisition,share,utilization and innovation of customer knowledge,and improve performance of agricultural product innovation through speeding up agricultural product innovation.
