Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a disease responsible for early mortality worldwide,is well accepted to be associated with periodontitis epidemiologically.Although both of the diseases are the multi-microb...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a disease responsible for early mortality worldwide,is well accepted to be associated with periodontitis epidemiologically.Although both of the diseases are the multi-microbial inflammatory disease,the precise underlying mechanisms by which periodontitis influences the progression of COPD remains largely unknown.Here,we established COPD accompanied with periodontitis mouse models and observed the pronounced progress in pulmonary symptoms and histopathology,cha racterized by poorer respiratory function,thicke ned bronchial walls,and increased neutrophils infiltration in lung tissue.Mechanistically,periodontitis pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)relocated in the lung through the respiratory tract and LPS from P.gingivalis promoted the secretion of chemokines CXCL2 and G-CSF of alveolar epithelial cells through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways to recruit neutrophils.Furthermore,exposure to P.gingivalis of infiltrated neutrophils released matrix metallopeptidase-8(MMP-8)and neutrophil elastase(NE),which aggravated airway inflammation and tissue damage.These findings indicated that periodontitis could exacerbate COPD via its pathogen P.gingivalis,which translocated in the lung and stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis and activation in the lung.展开更多
Background: In developed countries, colon cancer is the second most prevalent cancer, only exceeded by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. After Hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, bladder cancer, ...Background: In developed countries, colon cancer is the second most prevalent cancer, only exceeded by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. After Hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and brain tumors, colon cancer is the 7<sup>th</sup> most common cancer in Egypt, in both sexes, representing 3.47% and 3%, in both male and female cancers, respectively. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive significance of pretreatment Neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio (NLR), in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence, in high-risk stage II and stage III Colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 103 patients, who were submitted to upfront surgery as first therapeutic option in curative intent, between January 2017 and December 2018. Pretreatment Neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio (NLR), as well as demographics, clinical, histopathologic, and laboratory data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with disease free survival (DFS) and recurrence. Results: The cutoff point of Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) was calculated with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test to 3. This study revealed that neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) was significantly associated with disease free survival (p as no difference in efficacy between both chemotherapy regimens FOLFOX and XELOX in both high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer regarding disease free survival & the toxicity profile associated with each regimen and its grades between patients. Conclusion: Our study suggests that preoperative Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) more than 3 may be an independent prognostic marker for TTR (time to recurrence) in high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer patients.展开更多
AIM To assess the utility of NLR,PLR,IMT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)aspredictive markers for monitoring inflammatory responses and the disease activity in cardiac involvementin Takayasu’s arteritis.METHODS...AIM To assess the utility of NLR,PLR,IMT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)aspredictive markers for monitoring inflammatory responses and the disease activity in cardiac involvementin Takayasu’s arteritis.METHODS A cohort retrospective study encompassing 86 patients(43 withcardiac compromise and 43 without)was conducted.A comparative analysis of NLR,PLR,IMT,andCEUS between TA patients with and without cardiac compromise was undertaken.RESULTS The NLR and PLR of the heart damage group were significantly higher than those of the non heart damagegroup(2.9±1.0 vs.2.1±0.8,P<0.01;166±79 vs.117±51,P<0.01).The IMT and CEUS of the heartdamage group were significantly higher than those of the TA non heart damage group(2.6±0.6 vs.1.5±0.4,P<0.01;2.6±0.5 vs.1.6±0.6,P<0.01).The NLR level of the heart damage group was positivelycorrelated with CRP(r=0.42,P<0.01),and PLR was positively correlated with CRP and CEUS(r=0.34,P<0.05;r=0.35,P<0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that NLR,IMT,andCEUS were independent risk factors for TA and cardiac damage.The area under the ROC curve for NLRto determine cardiac damage is 0.865,with a cut-off value of 2.265,a sensitivity of 69.8%,and aspecificity of 90.7%.The area under the ROC curve for determining cardiac damage using PLR is 0.812,with a cut-off value of 111.275,a sensitivity of 76.7%,and a specificity of 79.1%.CONCLUSION NLR and PLR,in conjunction with contrast-enhanced ultrasound,can be employed to assessinflammatory response and the disease activity in cardiac involvement in Takayasu’s arteritis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)involves low-grade inflammation.The neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio(NLR)may serve as a simple biomarker,but its role in OA remains unclear.AIM To review the existing scientific literature ...BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)involves low-grade inflammation.The neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio(NLR)may serve as a simple biomarker,but its role in OA remains unclear.AIM To review the existing scientific literature on the role of NLR in OA,a classic age-related disorder,to perform a meta-analysis of the available data.METHODS The electronic databases PubMed,ProQuest,and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to March 1,2024.The inclusion criteria were retro-spective and prospective case-control studies involving human subjects with OA and healthy controls.The included studies needed to provide NLR levels for both OA patients and healthy controls and perform a comparative analysis of NLR levels between these groups.RESULTS According to the PRISMA guidelines,fifteen articles were included in the meta-analysis after multiple screenings.The pooled results demonstrated a significant overall elevation of NLR in OA patients compared to healthy controls.(standardized mean difference=0.39,95%confidence interval:0.03-0.75,P=0.03).However,the subgroup analysis shows no significant differences in NLR levels when considering study design(retrospective vs prospective)and OA severity(severe vs mild-moderate).This suggests variability and potential limitations in using NLR as a consistent marker across different study types and OA severity.CONCLUSION Our study found that OA patients have higher NLR than healthy individuals.However,NLR did not significantly differ by study type or disease severity,suggesting its limited use in indicating OA severity.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)comprises a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine.Current therapeutic strategies primarily focus on maintaining remission and mitigating the secondary e...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)comprises a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine.Current therapeutic strategies primarily focus on maintaining remission and mitigating the secondary effects rather than reversing its pathogenic mechanisms(Jeong et al.,2019).The pathogenesis of IBD involves intestinal barrier dysfunction,tissue damage,and dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses(de Souza et al.,2017).Elevated neutrophil activity has been reported in IBD(Danne et al.,2024),yet the precise roles and mechanisms of neutrophils in disease progression remain to be elucidated.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,which has not been studied sufficiently to determine the cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide.Methods:The prospective,observational ...Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,which has not been studied sufficiently to determine the cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide.Methods:The prospective,observational study included patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis who were treated at DışkapıYıldırım Beyazıt Application and Research Center,Emergency Medicine Clinic between 1 September 2020 and 31 May 2021.Demographic characteristics,as well as neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,white blood cell count,and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,were compared across the viral,bacterial,and parasitic acute gastroenteritis groups.Results:A total of 168 acute gastroenteritis patients,31 of whom had parasitic,39 bacterial and 98 viral etiologies,were included in this study.Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was 2.73(4.03)in the viral acute gastroenteritis group,4.58(8.61)in the bacterial acute gastroenteritis group,and 4.52(5.49)in the parasite acute gastroenteritis group.A statistically significant difference was found among the groups regarding neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(P=0.022).However,post-hoc analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio among the groups(P>0.05).Conclusions:Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio alone cannot distinguish etiological causes in patients admitted to the Emergency Medicine Clinic diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis.展开更多
Objective:Xuebijing injection has been recommended as a therapeutic approach for individuals with severe and critical COVID-19.This study aims to explore the correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte platelet ratio(NLPR...Objective:Xuebijing injection has been recommended as a therapeutic approach for individuals with severe and critical COVID-19.This study aims to explore the correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte platelet ratio(NLPR)with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19,and the effect of XBJ on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 in different inflammatory states.Methods:This was a retrospective study conducted at Wuhan Union Hospital in China.COVID-19patients admitted between November 1,2022 and February 1,2023 were included.In predicting prognosis for individuals with COVID-19,new inflammatory indicators were used,and their prognostic value was assessed by using Cox regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves.Furthermore,a calculation was made to determine the cutoff value for NLPR.Relative risk and Cox regression models were used to examine the effects of Xuebijing injection on prognosis in patient cohorts that had been stratified by the NLPR cutoff.Results:This research included 455 participants with COVID-19,with a mean age of 72 years.Several inflammatory indicators were found to be strongly correlated with prognosis,and NLPR shows the greatest predictive power.Patients with NLPR>3.29 exhibited a mortality rate of 17.3%,which was 6.2 times higher than in patients with NLPR≤3.29.Importantly,providing Xuebijing injection to patients with NLPR>3.29 was associated with a lower risk of 60-day all-cause mortality.However,there was no discernible improvement in survival among patients with NLPR≤3.29 who received Xuebijing injection.Conclusion:NLPR is the most reliable inflammatory marker for predicting prognosis among individuals with COVID-19,and can accurately identify individuals who may benefit from Xuebijing injection.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a recognized global public health burden affecting over 15%of the general population[1].By 2040,CKD is expected to become the fifth-leading cause of death in the world[2].The neutrophil-t...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a recognized global public health burden affecting over 15%of the general population[1].By 2040,CKD is expected to become the fifth-leading cause of death in the world[2].The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)indicates local or systemic inflammation status.The NLR has been demonstrated to exhibit predictive value in various pathological conditions,including—but not limited to—pancreatic cancer,as well as macrovascular and microvascular diseases,and sepsis[3,4].展开更多
Neutrophils are the protagonists of the host immune response,possessing potent antimicrobial and inflammatory capacities.The neutrophil reservoir as well as the development,mobilization,chemotaxis,pro-inflammatory act...Neutrophils are the protagonists of the host immune response,possessing potent antimicrobial and inflammatory capacities.The neutrophil reservoir as well as the development,mobilization,chemotaxis,pro-inflammatory activity,and clearance of neutrophils are strictly regulated to prevent inflammation-induced tissue damage.Inflammation pervades almost every type of cancer.However,there is growing awareness that although the tumor microenvironment has the capacity to recruit neutrophils,the functions are diverse and include roles other than that of sentinels in cancer.This review highlights the heterogeneity of neutrophils in tumors,discusses the dual role of neutrophils as angels and demons in tumorigenesis,invasion,and metastasis,and examines the potential of neutrophils as targets in clinical therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a significant psychiatric disorder with particularly high prevalence among adolescents.This mental health condition can have severe consequences,including academic failure,social withdrawal,an...BACKGROUND Depression is a significant psychiatric disorder with particularly high prevalence among adolescents.This mental health condition can have severe consequences,including academic failure,social withdrawal,and suicidal behavior.Given the increasing rate of depression in this age group,understanding the underlying biological mechanisms is essential for early detection and intervention.Recent studies have suggested that immune markers play a role in the pathophysiology of depression,prompting further investigation of their potential association with depressive symptoms in adolescents.AIM To investigate the relationship between immune markers(monocytes,lymphocytes,and direct bilirubin)and the incidence and severity of depression among adolescents.METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 145 adolescent patients with depression[male(M)/female(F)=38/107]from Jiangbin Hospital in Guangxi,Zhuang and 163 healthy controls(M/F=77/86)from routine health check-ups.Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast.Depression severity was measured using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale.The inclusion criteria were age 12-24 years,diagnosis of depressive disorder(ICD-10),and no recent antidepressant use.The exclusion criteria included psychiatric comorbidities and serious somatic diseases.Key statistical methods included group comparisons and correlation analyses.RESULTS There was a higher prevalence of females in the depression group(P<0.001).Significant age differences were observed between the groups(Z=9.43,P<0.001).The depression group had higher monocyte(Z=3.43,P<0.001)and lymphocyte(t=2.29,P<0.05)counts,and higher serum direct bilirubin levels(Z=4.72,P<0.001).Monocyte count varied significantly according to depression severity,with lower counts in the mild group(Z=-2.90,P<0.05).A negative correlation between age and lymphocyte counts was observed(ρ=-0.22,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that serum direct bilirubin levels significantly predicted depression.CONCLUSION The potential role of elevated levels of immune markers in the early detection of depression in adolescents has been highlighted.Therefore,it is necessary to explore further the relationships between these immune markers and depression.展开更多
Neutrophils are the first immune responders to infection.Th ey rapidly migrate to the site of infection and phagocytose pathogens.Additionally,they release neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)to immobilize and kill pa...Neutrophils are the first immune responders to infection.Th ey rapidly migrate to the site of infection and phagocytose pathogens.Additionally,they release neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)to immobilize and kill pathogens via a unique form of cell death known as netosis[1,2].Recently,a groundbreaking study published in Nature reported that a subgroup of neutrophils contributes to the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix(ECM),reinforces its mechanical properties,and promotes its barrier function in both naive and wounded skin[3].The structural and functional contributions of these neutrophils support those of“professional”ECM producers(e.g.,fibroblasts)in a non-redundant manner by locally modulating the dynamics of the ECM in the skin.展开更多
Background:Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 3(KLF3)may be involved in regulating inflammation and lymphocyte function.Immune dysfunction in sepsis involves both hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression.Ho...Background:Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 3(KLF3)may be involved in regulating inflammation and lymphocyte function.Immune dysfunction in sepsis involves both hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression.However,studies on T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression in sepsis are lacking.Methods:We induced sepsis in mice via cecal ligation and puncture(CLP),and their survival rate over 7 days was evaluated.To identify the immune status of these mice,we assessed their cytokine levels,organ damage scores,and splenic T-lymphocyte phenotype.Finally,T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression was detected through flow cytometry.Results:Over the 7 days of observation,septic mice demonstrated 64.7%mortality.In the early stages after CLP,the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels increased rapidly,multiple organ damage occurred,and splenic T lymphocytes became activated.However,the proportion of KLF3+T lymphocytes decreased.Subsequently,cytokine levels and lymphocyte activation decreased.An increase in cell apoptosis led to a substantial loss of T lymphocytes.Combined with the continual elevations in serum interleukin levels and worsening severe organ damage,septic mice may have entered a state of persistent inflammation and immunosuppression,with a simultaneous increase in KLF3 expression in T lymphocytes.Notably,KLF3 expression was negatively correlated with T-lymphocyte activation and apoptosis.Conclusions:In our septic mice,splenic T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression decreased in the early stage when the mice exhibited a systemic inflammatory response and T-lymphocyte activation.In contrast,it increased in the later stage,when persistent inflammation and immunosuppression occurred.Dynamic monitoring of KLF3 expression levels may provide aid in identifying the immune status of sepsis.展开更多
This editorial discusses Alpsoy et al’s significant study of prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),which lacks histopathological markers.This study evaluated the synergistic prognolymphocytes.Peritumora...This editorial discusses Alpsoy et al’s significant study of prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),which lacks histopathological markers.This study evaluated the synergistic prognolymphocytes.Peritumoral budding is significantly correlated with tumor volume,while intratumoral budding is closely related to lymph node metastasis.Peritumoral budding and intratumoral budding are confirmed as independent adverse prognostic factors,and their high levels of expression are associated with immature stromal phenotypes,suggesting the key role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.These breakthrough findings provide a new multidimensional biomarker system for the prognostic assessment of PDAC,and promote the clinical transformation process of incorporating tumor budding indicators into the pathological reporting process.However,the complexity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment require us to go beyond traditional morphological analysis and move towards multiomics integration and dynamic monitoring.Through standardized pathological assessment,innovative treatment strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration,it is expected to transform tumor microenvironment-related markers into clinically applicable indicators,ultimately improving the treatment predicament of PDAC.This editorial intended to summarize relevant studies and share some of our views,in order to offer perspectives for future research.展开更多
Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts,primarily by infiltrating lymphocytes,and has limited therapeutic options.A growing ...Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts,primarily by infiltrating lymphocytes,and has limited therapeutic options.A growing body of evidence suggests that nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)can suppress autoreactive lymphocytes and reduce inflammatory cytokine levels in various autoimmune diseases.In a recent study,Yang et al investigated the therapeutic effects of ImmTOR in a mouse model of PBC.ImmTOR treatment reduced the expression and number of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and B cells isolated from the liver and spleen,improved liver inflammation and enzyme levels,and was associated with a concomitant decrease in anti-mitochondrial antibody levels.In this editorial,we highlight the significance of these findings,focusing on the potential mechanisms by which ImmTOR suppresses hepatic autoreactive T cells and reduces anti-mitochondrial antibody levels,ultimately improving liver pa-thology,through pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and autophagy restoration.We also offer a perspective on future research di-rections for PBC in both animal models and in vitro studies.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI)remains a prominent global cause of mortality and disability,accounting for an estimated 69 million new cases annually[1].Both civilian and military populations face substantial health chall...Traumatic brain injury(TBI)remains a prominent global cause of mortality and disability,accounting for an estimated 69 million new cases annually[1].Both civilian and military populations face substantial health challenges due to TBI,particularly in military settings,where combat-related injuries introduce unique considerations for prevalence and management[2].Despite notable advancements in acute care,our comprehension of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the long-term eff ects of TBI remains inadequate[3].Although the initial mechanical impact triggers the cascade of injury,it is often the subsequent neuroinfl ammatory processes that propel progressive neuronal damage and lead to long-term neurological impairments[4,5].展开更多
The global incidence of critical illness has been steadily increasing,resulting in higher mortality rates thereby presenting substantial challenges for clinical mana-gement.Among these conditions,sepsis stands out as ...The global incidence of critical illness has been steadily increasing,resulting in higher mortality rates thereby presenting substantial challenges for clinical mana-gement.Among these conditions,sepsis stands out as the leading cause of critical illness,underscoring the urgent need for continued research to enhance patient care and deepen our understanding of its complex pathophysiology.Lympho-cytes play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses,acting as key regulators of the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflam-matory processes to preserve immune homeostasis.In the context of sepsis,an impaired immunity has been associated with disrupted lymphocytic metabolic activity,persistent pro-inflammatory state,and subsequent immunosuppression.These disruptions not only impair pathogen clearance but also predispose pati-ents to secondary infections and hinder recovery,highlighting the importance of targeting lymphocyte dysfunction in sepsis management.Moreover,studies have identified absolute lymphocyte counts and derived parameters as promising clinical biomarkers for prognostic assessment and therapeutic decision-making.In particular,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,and lymphopenia have gained reco-gnition in the literature as a critical prognostic markers and therapeutic target in the management of sepsis.This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted role of lymphocytes in pathophysiology,with a focus on recent advancements in their use as biomarkers and key findings in this evolving field.展开更多
Objectives Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as critical effectors in immune defense but also as potential drivers of tissue damage in chronic inflammatory diseases.Their role in periodontitis,a highly ...Objectives Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as critical effectors in immune defense but also as potential drivers of tissue damage in chronic inflammatory diseases.Their role in periodontitis,a highly prevalent condition characterized by dysregulated host–microbe interactions,remains incompletely defined.This systematic review aimed to synthesize,for the first time,ex vivo human evidence on the presence,activity,and clinical significance of NETs in periodontitis.Methods A comprehensive search of Medline,Web of Science,and Scopus was conducted up to August 2025.Eligible studies included ex vivo human investigations assessing NETs or NET markers in gingival tissues,gingival crevicular fluid,saliva,blood,or biofilms from patients with periodontitis.Study selection,data extraction,and risk-of-bias assessment were conducted in duplicate,and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO(CRD420251109174).Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria.NET markers such as citrullinated histone H3(CitH3),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and neutrophil elastase were consistently elevated in periodontitis samples compared with controls.Several studies reported a reduction in NET levels or improved NET degradation following periodontal therapy.NETs were also implicated in biofilm stability and in systemic associations with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic kidney disease.However,heterogeneity in methodologies,small sample sizes,and inconsistent marker use limited comparability across studies.Conclusions Ex vivo evidence indicates that aberrant NET formation and impaired clearance contribute to periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction.Nonetheless,methodological variability and risk of bias constrain definitive conclusions.Standardization of detection methods,consensus on marker panels,and exploration of neutrophil subsets and systemic confounders are essential to establish NETs as reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in periodontitis.展开更多
Objectives Chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)is characterized by progressive immune dysregulation.Invariant natural killer T(iNKT)cells support immune surveillance,but the clinical relevance of their regulatory subsets...Objectives Chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)is characterized by progressive immune dysregulation.Invariant natural killer T(iNKT)cells support immune surveillance,but the clinical relevance of their regulatory subsets remains unclear.FoxP3+regulatory iNKT cells(iNKTreg)and E4BP4+IL-10+(iNKT10)cells may reflect immunoregulatory changes associated with disease progression.The study aimed to quantify circulating iNKTreg and iNKT10 subsets and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells(M-MDSCs)in treatment-naïve CLL patients and evaluate their associations with disease characteristics and time to first treatment(TTFT).Methods Peripheral blood samples from 60 untreated CLL patients and 20 healthy donors were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine iNKTreg and iNKT10 percentages,as well as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)-expressing M-MDSCs.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess prognostic significance.Results iNKTreg and iNKT10 percentages were significantly increased in CLL compared with healthy donors(p=0.002).Elevated iNKTreg frequencies were associated with zeta-chain-associated protein of 70 kD(ZAP-70)positivity(p=0.017),CD38 positivity(p=0.048),and treatment requirement during follow-up(p=0.016).Based on an ROC-derived cut-off of 9.6%(AUC=0.753),patients with iNKTreg≥9.6%had shorter TTFT(hazard ratio[HR]=2.71;95%confidence interval[CI],1.13–6.49;p=0.025),although the association was not retained in multivariate analysis(HR=1.27;95%CI,0.44–3.64;p=0.626).iNKTreg and iNKT10 percentages correlated positively with IDO+M-MDSCs(p=0.035 and p=0.044),but not with arginase-1(ARG1)or inducible nitric oxide synthase(NOS2).Conclusion Elevated iNKTreg levels reflect a more aggressive disease phenotype and associate with shorter TTFT in univariate analysis,supporting their exploration as complementary immunological biomarkers in CLL.Functional studies and validation in larger cohorts are needed to determine their prognostic and biological significance.展开更多
Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from the twigs and leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia Benth and their immunomodulatory effects. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by various chromatograp...Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from the twigs and leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia Benth and their immunomodulatory effects. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by various chromatographic methods and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis. The immufiomodulatory effects of all the compounds were examined by a Con A-induced T lymphocytes proliferation assay. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified as （-）- epigallocatechin （1）, （-）-5, 7, 3′, 4′, 5′-pentahydroxyflavan （2）, （-）-epigallocatechin-7-gallate （3）, （-）-5, 3′, 4′, 5′-tetrahydroxyfiavan- 7-gallate （4）, quercitin-3-O-α-L-rhamnpyranoside （5）, myricitin-3-O-α-L-rhamnpyranoside （6）, gallic acid （7）, and ethyl gallate （8）, respectively. Conclusion Compounds 3 and 8 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compound 1 was isolated from this species for the first time. Compound 3 exhibited a strong inhibition on the T lymphocytes proliferation induced by Con A with an IC50 of 4.4 μmol·L^-1.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine additives on numbers of lymphocytes and goblet cells in villus epithelia of layers under heat stress.[Method] A total of 180 88-d...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine additives on numbers of lymphocytes and goblet cells in villus epithelia of layers under heat stress.[Method] A total of 180 88-d-old healthy Esa Brown cocks were selected.They were randomly divided into 9 experimental groups：Room temperature control,High temperature control,VC addition group,High formula I,Moderate formula I,Low formula I,High formula II,Moderate formula II and Low formula II.The formula I and formula II were to add different herbal extracts to the diet of cocks with different doses.The cocks in the VC addition group were administered orally with same-concentration VC solution.After certain time,the cocks were slaughtered.Then the numbers of epithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells in various segments of small intestine were counted by using conventional histological section and HE staining.[Result] The numbers of lymphocytes and goblet cells in villus epithelia of layers under heat stress were decreased gradually with the proceeding of experiment.The herbal extracts of formula I and formula II all could promote the generation of lymphocytes and goblet cells.But the promoting effect of formula II was best.[Conclusion] The Chinese herbal medicine additives have a good relieving effect on heat stress in layers.展开更多
基金supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,grant nos.BJ-2025-122,BJ2023-126CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS),grant no.2021-I2M-1050National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant no.82170956。
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a disease responsible for early mortality worldwide,is well accepted to be associated with periodontitis epidemiologically.Although both of the diseases are the multi-microbial inflammatory disease,the precise underlying mechanisms by which periodontitis influences the progression of COPD remains largely unknown.Here,we established COPD accompanied with periodontitis mouse models and observed the pronounced progress in pulmonary symptoms and histopathology,cha racterized by poorer respiratory function,thicke ned bronchial walls,and increased neutrophils infiltration in lung tissue.Mechanistically,periodontitis pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)relocated in the lung through the respiratory tract and LPS from P.gingivalis promoted the secretion of chemokines CXCL2 and G-CSF of alveolar epithelial cells through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways to recruit neutrophils.Furthermore,exposure to P.gingivalis of infiltrated neutrophils released matrix metallopeptidase-8(MMP-8)and neutrophil elastase(NE),which aggravated airway inflammation and tissue damage.These findings indicated that periodontitis could exacerbate COPD via its pathogen P.gingivalis,which translocated in the lung and stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis and activation in the lung.
文摘Background: In developed countries, colon cancer is the second most prevalent cancer, only exceeded by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. After Hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and brain tumors, colon cancer is the 7<sup>th</sup> most common cancer in Egypt, in both sexes, representing 3.47% and 3%, in both male and female cancers, respectively. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive significance of pretreatment Neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio (NLR), in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence, in high-risk stage II and stage III Colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 103 patients, who were submitted to upfront surgery as first therapeutic option in curative intent, between January 2017 and December 2018. Pretreatment Neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio (NLR), as well as demographics, clinical, histopathologic, and laboratory data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with disease free survival (DFS) and recurrence. Results: The cutoff point of Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) was calculated with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test to 3. This study revealed that neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) was significantly associated with disease free survival (p as no difference in efficacy between both chemotherapy regimens FOLFOX and XELOX in both high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer regarding disease free survival & the toxicity profile associated with each regimen and its grades between patients. Conclusion: Our study suggests that preoperative Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) more than 3 may be an independent prognostic marker for TTR (time to recurrence) in high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer patients.
文摘AIM To assess the utility of NLR,PLR,IMT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)aspredictive markers for monitoring inflammatory responses and the disease activity in cardiac involvementin Takayasu’s arteritis.METHODS A cohort retrospective study encompassing 86 patients(43 withcardiac compromise and 43 without)was conducted.A comparative analysis of NLR,PLR,IMT,andCEUS between TA patients with and without cardiac compromise was undertaken.RESULTS The NLR and PLR of the heart damage group were significantly higher than those of the non heart damagegroup(2.9±1.0 vs.2.1±0.8,P<0.01;166±79 vs.117±51,P<0.01).The IMT and CEUS of the heartdamage group were significantly higher than those of the TA non heart damage group(2.6±0.6 vs.1.5±0.4,P<0.01;2.6±0.5 vs.1.6±0.6,P<0.01).The NLR level of the heart damage group was positivelycorrelated with CRP(r=0.42,P<0.01),and PLR was positively correlated with CRP and CEUS(r=0.34,P<0.05;r=0.35,P<0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that NLR,IMT,andCEUS were independent risk factors for TA and cardiac damage.The area under the ROC curve for NLRto determine cardiac damage is 0.865,with a cut-off value of 2.265,a sensitivity of 69.8%,and aspecificity of 90.7%.The area under the ROC curve for determining cardiac damage using PLR is 0.812,with a cut-off value of 111.275,a sensitivity of 76.7%,and a specificity of 79.1%.CONCLUSION NLR and PLR,in conjunction with contrast-enhanced ultrasound,can be employed to assessinflammatory response and the disease activity in cardiac involvement in Takayasu’s arteritis.
文摘BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)involves low-grade inflammation.The neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio(NLR)may serve as a simple biomarker,but its role in OA remains unclear.AIM To review the existing scientific literature on the role of NLR in OA,a classic age-related disorder,to perform a meta-analysis of the available data.METHODS The electronic databases PubMed,ProQuest,and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to March 1,2024.The inclusion criteria were retro-spective and prospective case-control studies involving human subjects with OA and healthy controls.The included studies needed to provide NLR levels for both OA patients and healthy controls and perform a comparative analysis of NLR levels between these groups.RESULTS According to the PRISMA guidelines,fifteen articles were included in the meta-analysis after multiple screenings.The pooled results demonstrated a significant overall elevation of NLR in OA patients compared to healthy controls.(standardized mean difference=0.39,95%confidence interval:0.03-0.75,P=0.03).However,the subgroup analysis shows no significant differences in NLR levels when considering study design(retrospective vs prospective)and OA severity(severe vs mild-moderate).This suggests variability and potential limitations in using NLR as a consistent marker across different study types and OA severity.CONCLUSION Our study found that OA patients have higher NLR than healthy individuals.However,NLR did not significantly differ by study type or disease severity,suggesting its limited use in indicating OA severity.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1800100and 2024YFF1206600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100664)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024B1515040019 and 2022A1515012042).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)comprises a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine.Current therapeutic strategies primarily focus on maintaining remission and mitigating the secondary effects rather than reversing its pathogenic mechanisms(Jeong et al.,2019).The pathogenesis of IBD involves intestinal barrier dysfunction,tissue damage,and dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses(de Souza et al.,2017).Elevated neutrophil activity has been reported in IBD(Danne et al.,2024),yet the precise roles and mechanisms of neutrophils in disease progression remain to be elucidated.
文摘Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,which has not been studied sufficiently to determine the cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide.Methods:The prospective,observational study included patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis who were treated at DışkapıYıldırım Beyazıt Application and Research Center,Emergency Medicine Clinic between 1 September 2020 and 31 May 2021.Demographic characteristics,as well as neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,white blood cell count,and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,were compared across the viral,bacterial,and parasitic acute gastroenteritis groups.Results:A total of 168 acute gastroenteritis patients,31 of whom had parasitic,39 bacterial and 98 viral etiologies,were included in this study.Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was 2.73(4.03)in the viral acute gastroenteritis group,4.58(8.61)in the bacterial acute gastroenteritis group,and 4.52(5.49)in the parasite acute gastroenteritis group.A statistically significant difference was found among the groups regarding neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(P=0.022).However,post-hoc analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio among the groups(P>0.05).Conclusions:Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio alone cannot distinguish etiological causes in patients admitted to the Emergency Medicine Clinic diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81571373,No.81601217 and No.82001491)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.2017CFB627)+1 种基金Health Commission of Hubei Province Scientific Research Project(No.WJ2021M247)Scientific Research Fund of Wuhan Union Hospital(No.2019)。
文摘Objective:Xuebijing injection has been recommended as a therapeutic approach for individuals with severe and critical COVID-19.This study aims to explore the correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte platelet ratio(NLPR)with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19,and the effect of XBJ on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 in different inflammatory states.Methods:This was a retrospective study conducted at Wuhan Union Hospital in China.COVID-19patients admitted between November 1,2022 and February 1,2023 were included.In predicting prognosis for individuals with COVID-19,new inflammatory indicators were used,and their prognostic value was assessed by using Cox regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves.Furthermore,a calculation was made to determine the cutoff value for NLPR.Relative risk and Cox regression models were used to examine the effects of Xuebijing injection on prognosis in patient cohorts that had been stratified by the NLPR cutoff.Results:This research included 455 participants with COVID-19,with a mean age of 72 years.Several inflammatory indicators were found to be strongly correlated with prognosis,and NLPR shows the greatest predictive power.Patients with NLPR>3.29 exhibited a mortality rate of 17.3%,which was 6.2 times higher than in patients with NLPR≤3.29.Importantly,providing Xuebijing injection to patients with NLPR>3.29 was associated with a lower risk of 60-day all-cause mortality.However,there was no discernible improvement in survival among patients with NLPR≤3.29 who received Xuebijing injection.Conclusion:NLPR is the most reliable inflammatory marker for predicting prognosis among individuals with COVID-19,and can accurately identify individuals who may benefit from Xuebijing injection.
基金supported by the Hunan Province Key Field R&D Program(Grant no.2020SK2097)Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province(Grant no.2020SK2089)+1 种基金the Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(Grant no.YX202212)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(Grant No.2023ZZTS0839).
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a recognized global public health burden affecting over 15%of the general population[1].By 2040,CKD is expected to become the fifth-leading cause of death in the world[2].The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)indicates local or systemic inflammation status.The NLR has been demonstrated to exhibit predictive value in various pathological conditions,including—but not limited to—pancreatic cancer,as well as macrovascular and microvascular diseases,and sepsis[3,4].
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82273449 and 82203663)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ23H160013)the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant Nos.2024KY1039 and 2024KY1250).
文摘Neutrophils are the protagonists of the host immune response,possessing potent antimicrobial and inflammatory capacities.The neutrophil reservoir as well as the development,mobilization,chemotaxis,pro-inflammatory activity,and clearance of neutrophils are strictly regulated to prevent inflammation-induced tissue damage.Inflammation pervades almost every type of cancer.However,there is growing awareness that although the tumor microenvironment has the capacity to recruit neutrophils,the functions are diverse and include roles other than that of sentinels in cancer.This review highlights the heterogeneity of neutrophils in tumors,discusses the dual role of neutrophils as angels and demons in tumorigenesis,invasion,and metastasis,and examines the potential of neutrophils as targets in clinical therapy.
基金Supported by the Medical Discipline Construction Project of Pudong Health Committee of Shanghai,No.PWZzb2022-09Nanning City Science Research and Technology Development Program,No.ZC20233017and Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology Development and Promotion Project,No.S2021061.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a significant psychiatric disorder with particularly high prevalence among adolescents.This mental health condition can have severe consequences,including academic failure,social withdrawal,and suicidal behavior.Given the increasing rate of depression in this age group,understanding the underlying biological mechanisms is essential for early detection and intervention.Recent studies have suggested that immune markers play a role in the pathophysiology of depression,prompting further investigation of their potential association with depressive symptoms in adolescents.AIM To investigate the relationship between immune markers(monocytes,lymphocytes,and direct bilirubin)and the incidence and severity of depression among adolescents.METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 145 adolescent patients with depression[male(M)/female(F)=38/107]from Jiangbin Hospital in Guangxi,Zhuang and 163 healthy controls(M/F=77/86)from routine health check-ups.Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast.Depression severity was measured using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale.The inclusion criteria were age 12-24 years,diagnosis of depressive disorder(ICD-10),and no recent antidepressant use.The exclusion criteria included psychiatric comorbidities and serious somatic diseases.Key statistical methods included group comparisons and correlation analyses.RESULTS There was a higher prevalence of females in the depression group(P<0.001).Significant age differences were observed between the groups(Z=9.43,P<0.001).The depression group had higher monocyte(Z=3.43,P<0.001)and lymphocyte(t=2.29,P<0.05)counts,and higher serum direct bilirubin levels(Z=4.72,P<0.001).Monocyte count varied significantly according to depression severity,with lower counts in the mild group(Z=-2.90,P<0.05).A negative correlation between age and lymphocyte counts was observed(ρ=-0.22,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that serum direct bilirubin levels significantly predicted depression.CONCLUSION The potential role of elevated levels of immune markers in the early detection of depression in adolescents has been highlighted.Therefore,it is necessary to explore further the relationships between these immune markers and depression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82222038 and 81970259)the Chongqing Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0017)+1 种基金the Outstanding Young Talents of National Defense Biotechnology(2023-JCJQ-ZQ-001 and 01-SWKJYCJJ06)the Military Key Specialized Construction Projects.
文摘Neutrophils are the first immune responders to infection.Th ey rapidly migrate to the site of infection and phagocytose pathogens.Additionally,they release neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)to immobilize and kill pathogens via a unique form of cell death known as netosis[1,2].Recently,a groundbreaking study published in Nature reported that a subgroup of neutrophils contributes to the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix(ECM),reinforces its mechanical properties,and promotes its barrier function in both naive and wounded skin[3].The structural and functional contributions of these neutrophils support those of“professional”ECM producers(e.g.,fibroblasts)in a non-redundant manner by locally modulating the dynamics of the ECM in the skin.
基金supported by grants from theNational Key Specialty Construction Project of China[grant number 2023-141]the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(Scientific Research Feed Fund of Peking University First Hospital)[grant number 2022SF23].
文摘Background:Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 3(KLF3)may be involved in regulating inflammation and lymphocyte function.Immune dysfunction in sepsis involves both hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression.However,studies on T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression in sepsis are lacking.Methods:We induced sepsis in mice via cecal ligation and puncture(CLP),and their survival rate over 7 days was evaluated.To identify the immune status of these mice,we assessed their cytokine levels,organ damage scores,and splenic T-lymphocyte phenotype.Finally,T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression was detected through flow cytometry.Results:Over the 7 days of observation,septic mice demonstrated 64.7%mortality.In the early stages after CLP,the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels increased rapidly,multiple organ damage occurred,and splenic T lymphocytes became activated.However,the proportion of KLF3+T lymphocytes decreased.Subsequently,cytokine levels and lymphocyte activation decreased.An increase in cell apoptosis led to a substantial loss of T lymphocytes.Combined with the continual elevations in serum interleukin levels and worsening severe organ damage,septic mice may have entered a state of persistent inflammation and immunosuppression,with a simultaneous increase in KLF3 expression in T lymphocytes.Notably,KLF3 expression was negatively correlated with T-lymphocyte activation and apoptosis.Conclusions:In our septic mice,splenic T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression decreased in the early stage when the mice exhibited a systemic inflammatory response and T-lymphocyte activation.In contrast,it increased in the later stage,when persistent inflammation and immunosuppression occurred.Dynamic monitoring of KLF3 expression levels may provide aid in identifying the immune status of sepsis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82404058Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning,No.2024ZZ2049Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation,No.Y-HS202401-0011.
文摘This editorial discusses Alpsoy et al’s significant study of prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),which lacks histopathological markers.This study evaluated the synergistic prognolymphocytes.Peritumoral budding is significantly correlated with tumor volume,while intratumoral budding is closely related to lymph node metastasis.Peritumoral budding and intratumoral budding are confirmed as independent adverse prognostic factors,and their high levels of expression are associated with immature stromal phenotypes,suggesting the key role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.These breakthrough findings provide a new multidimensional biomarker system for the prognostic assessment of PDAC,and promote the clinical transformation process of incorporating tumor budding indicators into the pathological reporting process.However,the complexity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment require us to go beyond traditional morphological analysis and move towards multiomics integration and dynamic monitoring.Through standardized pathological assessment,innovative treatment strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration,it is expected to transform tumor microenvironment-related markers into clinically applicable indicators,ultimately improving the treatment predicament of PDAC.This editorial intended to summarize relevant studies and share some of our views,in order to offer perspectives for future research.
文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts,primarily by infiltrating lymphocytes,and has limited therapeutic options.A growing body of evidence suggests that nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)can suppress autoreactive lymphocytes and reduce inflammatory cytokine levels in various autoimmune diseases.In a recent study,Yang et al investigated the therapeutic effects of ImmTOR in a mouse model of PBC.ImmTOR treatment reduced the expression and number of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and B cells isolated from the liver and spleen,improved liver inflammation and enzyme levels,and was associated with a concomitant decrease in anti-mitochondrial antibody levels.In this editorial,we highlight the significance of these findings,focusing on the potential mechanisms by which ImmTOR suppresses hepatic autoreactive T cells and reduces anti-mitochondrial antibody levels,ultimately improving liver pa-thology,through pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and autophagy restoration.We also offer a perspective on future research di-rections for PBC in both animal models and in vitro studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82102645)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515011042)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662995).
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI)remains a prominent global cause of mortality and disability,accounting for an estimated 69 million new cases annually[1].Both civilian and military populations face substantial health challenges due to TBI,particularly in military settings,where combat-related injuries introduce unique considerations for prevalence and management[2].Despite notable advancements in acute care,our comprehension of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the long-term eff ects of TBI remains inadequate[3].Although the initial mechanical impact triggers the cascade of injury,it is often the subsequent neuroinfl ammatory processes that propel progressive neuronal damage and lead to long-term neurological impairments[4,5].
文摘The global incidence of critical illness has been steadily increasing,resulting in higher mortality rates thereby presenting substantial challenges for clinical mana-gement.Among these conditions,sepsis stands out as the leading cause of critical illness,underscoring the urgent need for continued research to enhance patient care and deepen our understanding of its complex pathophysiology.Lympho-cytes play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses,acting as key regulators of the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflam-matory processes to preserve immune homeostasis.In the context of sepsis,an impaired immunity has been associated with disrupted lymphocytic metabolic activity,persistent pro-inflammatory state,and subsequent immunosuppression.These disruptions not only impair pathogen clearance but also predispose pati-ents to secondary infections and hinder recovery,highlighting the importance of targeting lymphocyte dysfunction in sepsis management.Moreover,studies have identified absolute lymphocyte counts and derived parameters as promising clinical biomarkers for prognostic assessment and therapeutic decision-making.In particular,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,and lymphopenia have gained reco-gnition in the literature as a critical prognostic markers and therapeutic target in the management of sepsis.This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted role of lymphocytes in pathophysiology,with a focus on recent advancements in their use as biomarkers and key findings in this evolving field.
文摘Objectives Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as critical effectors in immune defense but also as potential drivers of tissue damage in chronic inflammatory diseases.Their role in periodontitis,a highly prevalent condition characterized by dysregulated host–microbe interactions,remains incompletely defined.This systematic review aimed to synthesize,for the first time,ex vivo human evidence on the presence,activity,and clinical significance of NETs in periodontitis.Methods A comprehensive search of Medline,Web of Science,and Scopus was conducted up to August 2025.Eligible studies included ex vivo human investigations assessing NETs or NET markers in gingival tissues,gingival crevicular fluid,saliva,blood,or biofilms from patients with periodontitis.Study selection,data extraction,and risk-of-bias assessment were conducted in duplicate,and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO(CRD420251109174).Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria.NET markers such as citrullinated histone H3(CitH3),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and neutrophil elastase were consistently elevated in periodontitis samples compared with controls.Several studies reported a reduction in NET levels or improved NET degradation following periodontal therapy.NETs were also implicated in biofilm stability and in systemic associations with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic kidney disease.However,heterogeneity in methodologies,small sample sizes,and inconsistent marker use limited comparability across studies.Conclusions Ex vivo evidence indicates that aberrant NET formation and impaired clearance contribute to periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction.Nonetheless,methodological variability and risk of bias constrain definitive conclusions.Standardization of detection methods,consensus on marker panels,and exploration of neutrophil subsets and systemic confounders are essential to establish NETs as reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in periodontitis.
基金funded by the Medical University of Lublin,Poland,grant number DS 458.
文摘Objectives Chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)is characterized by progressive immune dysregulation.Invariant natural killer T(iNKT)cells support immune surveillance,but the clinical relevance of their regulatory subsets remains unclear.FoxP3+regulatory iNKT cells(iNKTreg)and E4BP4+IL-10+(iNKT10)cells may reflect immunoregulatory changes associated with disease progression.The study aimed to quantify circulating iNKTreg and iNKT10 subsets and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells(M-MDSCs)in treatment-naïve CLL patients and evaluate their associations with disease characteristics and time to first treatment(TTFT).Methods Peripheral blood samples from 60 untreated CLL patients and 20 healthy donors were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine iNKTreg and iNKT10 percentages,as well as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)-expressing M-MDSCs.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess prognostic significance.Results iNKTreg and iNKT10 percentages were significantly increased in CLL compared with healthy donors(p=0.002).Elevated iNKTreg frequencies were associated with zeta-chain-associated protein of 70 kD(ZAP-70)positivity(p=0.017),CD38 positivity(p=0.048),and treatment requirement during follow-up(p=0.016).Based on an ROC-derived cut-off of 9.6%(AUC=0.753),patients with iNKTreg≥9.6%had shorter TTFT(hazard ratio[HR]=2.71;95%confidence interval[CI],1.13–6.49;p=0.025),although the association was not retained in multivariate analysis(HR=1.27;95%CI,0.44–3.64;p=0.626).iNKTreg and iNKT10 percentages correlated positively with IDO+M-MDSCs(p=0.035 and p=0.044),but not with arginase-1(ARG1)or inducible nitric oxide synthase(NOS2).Conclusion Elevated iNKTreg levels reflect a more aggressive disease phenotype and associate with shorter TTFT in univariate analysis,supporting their exploration as complementary immunological biomarkers in CLL.Functional studies and validation in larger cohorts are needed to determine their prognostic and biological significance.
文摘Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from the twigs and leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia Benth and their immunomodulatory effects. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by various chromatographic methods and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis. The immufiomodulatory effects of all the compounds were examined by a Con A-induced T lymphocytes proliferation assay. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified as （-）- epigallocatechin （1）, （-）-5, 7, 3′, 4′, 5′-pentahydroxyflavan （2）, （-）-epigallocatechin-7-gallate （3）, （-）-5, 3′, 4′, 5′-tetrahydroxyfiavan- 7-gallate （4）, quercitin-3-O-α-L-rhamnpyranoside （5）, myricitin-3-O-α-L-rhamnpyranoside （6）, gallic acid （7）, and ethyl gallate （8）, respectively. Conclusion Compounds 3 and 8 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compound 1 was isolated from this species for the first time. Compound 3 exhibited a strong inhibition on the T lymphocytes proliferation induced by Con A with an IC50 of 4.4 μmol·L^-1.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31472230)Hebei Provinceial Natrual Science Foundation of China(2014407068)Project of HebeiScience and Technology Department(14966610D,13826615D,12220408D)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine additives on numbers of lymphocytes and goblet cells in villus epithelia of layers under heat stress.[Method] A total of 180 88-d-old healthy Esa Brown cocks were selected.They were randomly divided into 9 experimental groups：Room temperature control,High temperature control,VC addition group,High formula I,Moderate formula I,Low formula I,High formula II,Moderate formula II and Low formula II.The formula I and formula II were to add different herbal extracts to the diet of cocks with different doses.The cocks in the VC addition group were administered orally with same-concentration VC solution.After certain time,the cocks were slaughtered.Then the numbers of epithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells in various segments of small intestine were counted by using conventional histological section and HE staining.[Result] The numbers of lymphocytes and goblet cells in villus epithelia of layers under heat stress were decreased gradually with the proceeding of experiment.The herbal extracts of formula I and formula II all could promote the generation of lymphocytes and goblet cells.But the promoting effect of formula II was best.[Conclusion] The Chinese herbal medicine additives have a good relieving effect on heat stress in layers.
