As countries accelerate efforts to meet carbon neutrality targets,carbon capture and storage(CCS)is gaining renewed attention as a critical mitigation strategy.This review provides a structured synthesis of global CCS...As countries accelerate efforts to meet carbon neutrality targets,carbon capture and storage(CCS)is gaining renewed attention as a critical mitigation strategy.This review provides a structured synthesis of global CCS policy evolution,highlighting how incentive mechanisms have shifted from generic subsidies toward hybrid approaches integrating carbon pricing,green finance,and legal risk-sharing.Building on this,the paper introduces a policy classification framework that categorizes instruments into market-based tools,command-and-control regulations,and institutional support,offering analytical coherence for future cross-country comparisons.Beyond the industrial and power sectors,the review foregrounds an often-overlooked CCS application:addressing residual emissions in hard-to-abate sectors such as transportation.We emphasize the strategic role of CO 2 transport infrastructure-including pipelines,shipping routes,and port retrofitting-and introduce a dedicated section analyzing its cost-leveraging effects,infrastructure integration models,and life-cycle trade-offs.By embedding a life-cycle assessment(LCA)perspective,we demonstrate how different transport modes shape both economic and carbon efficiency.Drawing on case studies from the U.S.,EU,and China,we distill key governance lessons and identify the enabling conditions for scaling up CCS deployment.The paper also highlights governance gaps related to cross-border infrastructure coordination,carbon market integration,and just siting.Overall,this review contributes to literature on CCS governance and infrastructure transitions by offering a replicable analytical structure,expanding the scope beyond capture technology,and linking fragmented insights into an integrated policy roadmap for large-scale CCS commercialization.展开更多
文摘As countries accelerate efforts to meet carbon neutrality targets,carbon capture and storage(CCS)is gaining renewed attention as a critical mitigation strategy.This review provides a structured synthesis of global CCS policy evolution,highlighting how incentive mechanisms have shifted from generic subsidies toward hybrid approaches integrating carbon pricing,green finance,and legal risk-sharing.Building on this,the paper introduces a policy classification framework that categorizes instruments into market-based tools,command-and-control regulations,and institutional support,offering analytical coherence for future cross-country comparisons.Beyond the industrial and power sectors,the review foregrounds an often-overlooked CCS application:addressing residual emissions in hard-to-abate sectors such as transportation.We emphasize the strategic role of CO 2 transport infrastructure-including pipelines,shipping routes,and port retrofitting-and introduce a dedicated section analyzing its cost-leveraging effects,infrastructure integration models,and life-cycle trade-offs.By embedding a life-cycle assessment(LCA)perspective,we demonstrate how different transport modes shape both economic and carbon efficiency.Drawing on case studies from the U.S.,EU,and China,we distill key governance lessons and identify the enabling conditions for scaling up CCS deployment.The paper also highlights governance gaps related to cross-border infrastructure coordination,carbon market integration,and just siting.Overall,this review contributes to literature on CCS governance and infrastructure transitions by offering a replicable analytical structure,expanding the scope beyond capture technology,and linking fragmented insights into an integrated policy roadmap for large-scale CCS commercialization.
