The human nucleus accumbens(NA), a major part of the ventral striatum, is the area of continuity between the putamen and head of the caudate nucleus. It consists of two parts, a shell laterally and a core medially. Th...The human nucleus accumbens(NA), a major part of the ventral striatum, is the area of continuity between the putamen and head of the caudate nucleus. It consists of two parts, a shell laterally and a core medially. The first is mainly connected to the limbic system and the second to the extrapyramidal motor system. The NA, a major pleasure center of the human brain, acts as a limbic-motor interface and is involved in several cognitive, emotional and psychomotor functions. It has a modulating function in the amygdala-basal gangliaprefrontal cortex circuit. It is considered as the neural interface between motivation and action. Further, it is a principal modulator of the reward circuits and supplies motor expression to emotional responses. Such a clinical significance could easily explain the intense work taking place in the respective field of basic research. Its exceptional clinical importance justifies the title of the "King of Neurosciences" for this nucleus. Purpose of this editorial is to review the "informational paths" left behind by the few researchers who tried to explore the architecture(gross anatomy) of this ‘kingdom'. The first anatomical study focused on this nucleus came from Neto et al. The most extensive study of the NA gross, imaging, stereotactic and neurosurgical anatomy so far,came from the research efforts of Mavridis et al.展开更多
SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED-NEUROSCIENCES-JOURNAL LIST Total journals： 245 1. ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE Monthly ISSN： 1948-7193 AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, USA, DC, 20036 · Science Cita...SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED-NEUROSCIENCES-JOURNAL LIST Total journals： 245 1. ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE Monthly ISSN： 1948-7193 AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, USA, DC, 20036 · Science Citation Index Expanded · BIOSIS Previews展开更多
Overview：Over 30,000 neuroscientists participated in the 46^th annual meeting of the Society for Neurosciences（Sf N 2016）,which was held in San Diego,California from November 12th to 16^th.More than 15,000 research...Overview：Over 30,000 neuroscientists participated in the 46^th annual meeting of the Society for Neurosciences（Sf N 2016）,which was held in San Diego,California from November 12th to 16^th.More than 15,000 research projects were presented or discussed in the world’s largest conference in biomedical sciences.展开更多
Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences.In this article,we review the development of terahertz biot...Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences.In this article,we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of neuropsychiatry.Available evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease,cerebrovascular disease,glioma,psychiatric disease,traumatic brain injury,and myelin deficit.In vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric diseases.Although the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood,the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications.However,the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical applications.This review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.展开更多
The nervous system is the dominant regulatory system in the human body.The traditional theory is that tumors lack innervation.However,an increasing number of studies have shown complex bidirectional interactions betwe...The nervous system is the dominant regulatory system in the human body.The traditional theory is that tumors lack innervation.However,an increasing number of studies have shown complex bidirectional interactions between tumors and the nervous system.Globally,colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer.With the rise of tumor neuroscience,the role of nervous system imbalances in the occurrence and development of CRC has attracted increasing amounts of attention.However,there are still many gaps in the research on the interactions and mechanisms involved in the nervous system in CRC.This article systematically reviews emerging research on the bidirectional relationships between the nervous system and CRC,focusing on the following areas:(1)Effects of the nervous system on colon cancer.(2)Effects of CRC on the nervous system.(3)Treatment of CRC associated with the nervous system.展开更多
The sensation of ear fullness is a prevalent symptom encountered in clinical practice at ear clinics.It can manifest in various conditions,including external auditory canal diseases,middle ear diseases,inner ear disea...The sensation of ear fullness is a prevalent symptom encountered in clinical practice at ear clinics.It can manifest in various conditions,including external auditory canal diseases,middle ear diseases,inner ear diseases,as well as non-ear related disorders such as autonomic nervous dysfunction and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.Despite extensive research efforts,the underlying mechanism of ear fullness remains complex and not fully elucidated.Furthermore,the mechanism of ear fullness varies depending on the specific anatomical site and associated disease pathology.In this article,we have conducted a comprehensive literature review to explore the mechanisms underlying ear fullness across different sites of the auditory conduction pathway.By focusing on these lesions and their correlation with ear fullness,we aim to provide an updated understanding on the etiology,diagnosis,and therapy for ear fullness-related diseases.展开更多
In compliance with“Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China”,it is agreed by the author(s)of the said article as follows upon signing of this statement:The said article shall be published in Journal of Trans...In compliance with“Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China”,it is agreed by the author(s)of the said article as follows upon signing of this statement:The said article shall be published in Journal of Trans-lational Neuroscience.The author(s)shall grant the fol-lowing worldwide exclusive rights carried by the said article in different languages to Journal of Translational Neuroscience free of charge:reproductions,distribution,electronic dissemination,translation and compilation.The author(s)authorize(s)Journal of Translational Neu-roscience to register the said article(including all the in-termedia)with the proper copyright authorities.展开更多
The intricate interplay between neurotransmitter systems,neural circuits,and neuroendocrine pathways underpins brain function and dysfunction in neurological and psychiatric disorders.This review synthesizes contempor...The intricate interplay between neurotransmitter systems,neural circuits,and neuroendocrine pathways underpins brain function and dysfunction in neurological and psychiatric disorders.This review synthesizes contemporary advances in neuropharmacology,focusing on dopaminergic,serotonergic,glutamatergic,and GABAergic systems,and their roles in regulating motor control,cognition,emotion,and stress responses.Dopaminergic pathways,including the nigrostriatal,mesolimbic,and mesocortical circuits,are explored in the context of Parkinson’s disease,schizophrenia,and addiction,with emphasis on pharmacological agents such as L-DOPA,antipsychotics,and amphetamines.Serotonergic modulation through SSRIs and psychedelics is examined for its impact on mood and neuroplasticity,while glutamatergic and GABAergic systems are discussed in relation to synaptic plasticity,excitotoxicity,and therapeutic innovations like ketamine and benzodiazepines.The neuroendocrine system,particularly the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis,is highlighted for its role in stress-related disorders and interactions with neurotransmitter networks.Despite progress,significant challenges persist,including translational gaps between preclinical models and human trials,species-specifi c receptor disparities,and ethical dilemmas surrounding cognitive enhancers and genetic manipulation.Emerging frontiers such as nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery,optogenetics,and gut-brain axis modulation are reviewed as transformative approaches to overcome these barriers.Personalized medicine,integrating neuroimaging biomarkers and pharmacogenomics,promises to tailor therapies to individual neural and genetic profi les,while biased agonists and closed-loop systems exemplify the shift toward circuit-specifi c interventions.Ethical considerations,including equitable access to advanced therapies and responsible innovation,are underscored as critical to ensuring societal benefi t.By harmonizing molecular precision with systems neuroscience,this review advocates for interdisciplinary strategies to advance neuropharmacology,ultimately aiming to restore dynamic neural and neuroendocrine homeostasis in health and disease.展开更多
Cancer neuroscience is an emerging discipline that is developing at a high speed.Its main field lies in studying the interaction between tumors and the nervous system,thereby offering new perspective on cancer initiat...Cancer neuroscience is an emerging discipline that is developing at a high speed.Its main field lies in studying the interaction between tumors and the nervous system,thereby offering new perspective on cancer initiation and progression.In this editorial,we briefly reviewed the origin and development process of cancer neuroscience,and gave a brief introduction to its research contents.Finally,we discussed the future development directions of this discipline.展开更多
Neuromorphic computing has the potential to overcome limitations of traditional silicon technology in machine learning tasks.Recent advancements in large crossbar arrays and silicon-based asynchronous spiking neural n...Neuromorphic computing has the potential to overcome limitations of traditional silicon technology in machine learning tasks.Recent advancements in large crossbar arrays and silicon-based asynchronous spiking neural networks have led to promising neuromorphic systems.However,developing compact parallel computing technology for integrating artificial neural networks into traditional hardware remains a challenge.Organic computational materials offer affordable,biocompatible neuromorphic devices with exceptional adjustability and energy-efficient switching.Here,the review investigates the advancements made in the development of organic neuromorphic devices.This review explores resistive switching mechanisms such as interface-regulated filament growth,molecular-electronic dynamics,nanowire-confined filament growth,and vacancy-assisted ion migration,while proposing methodologies to enhance state retention and conductance adjustment.The survey examines the challenges faced in implementing low-power neuromorphic computing,e.g.,reducing device size and improving switching time.The review analyses the potential of these materials in adjustable,flexible,and low-power consumption applications,viz.biohybrid spiking circuits interacting with biological systems,systems that respond to specific events,robotics,intelligent agents,neuromorphic computing,neuromorphic bioelectronics,neuroscience,and other applications,and prospects of this technology.展开更多
Selfishness,understood as excessive focus on the self,appears to be a predominant feature of contemporary culture.While the degree of self-focus is adaptive for survival and decision-making,self-rigidity has been asso...Selfishness,understood as excessive focus on the self,appears to be a predominant feature of contemporary culture.While the degree of self-focus is adaptive for survival and decision-making,self-rigidity has been associated with significant psychological,interpersonal,and social costs.Throughout history,philosophers,religious leaders,and social activists have promoted a“hypo-egoic”way of being,characterized by reduced self-fixation and greater openness to others.However,a key question arises:How can one cultivate a more flexible and interdependent perspective on the self?Deconstructive meditations are a group of contemplative practices that aim to dismantle self-rigidity by exploring perception,cognition,and emotion.Their central mechanism is self-inquiry,an experiential process that involves directly observing patterns of the self,questioning the solidity of identity,and developing new ways to relate to experience.From the perspective of contemplative neuroscience,these practices have been shown to reduce selfnarrative identification and promote psychological flexibility.Despite their potential,empirical research on deconstructive meditations remains limited and requires further investigation.This article reviews the essential findings on practices,their connection to psychotherapy,and their potential therapeutic applications.Finally,their clinical implications are discussed along with future research directions to validate their impact on mental health.展开更多
Journal of Translational Neuroscience(JTN),is a quarterly,peer reviewed electronic journal taking the CD for medium.Aims and Scope JTN covers research findings in all subfields of neuroscience as well as in the fields...Journal of Translational Neuroscience(JTN),is a quarterly,peer reviewed electronic journal taking the CD for medium.Aims and Scope JTN covers research findings in all subfields of neuroscience as well as in the fields of neurology,neurosurgery and psychiatry.It provides a closer interaction between basic and clinical neuroscientists to expand understanding of brain structure,function and disease,and translate this knowledge into clinical applications and novel therapies of nervous system disorders.展开更多
This paper obtains the 1-soliton solution by the ansatz method for the proposed model that governs the propagation of solitons through the neurons. This model is an improved one that describes the solitons in neurosci...This paper obtains the 1-soliton solution by the ansatz method for the proposed model that governs the propagation of solitons through the neurons. This model is an improved one that describes the solitons in neurosciences more accurately. The ansatz method is applied to obtain the 1-soliton solution to the model. The Lie symmetry analysis is subsequently applied to obtain the conservation laws for the model.展开更多
The tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri)has long been proposed as a suitable alternative to non-human primates(NHPs)in biomedical and laboratory research due to its close evolutionary relationship with primates.In recent year...The tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri)has long been proposed as a suitable alternative to non-human primates(NHPs)in biomedical and laboratory research due to its close evolutionary relationship with primates.In recent years,significant advances have facilitated tree shrew studies,including the determination of the tree shrew genome,genetic manipulation using spermatogonial stem cells,viral vector-mediated gene delivery,and mapping of the tree shrew brain atlas.However,the limited availability of tree shrews globally remains a substantial challenge in the field.Additionally,determining the key questions best answered using tree shrews constitutes another difficulty.Tree shrew models have historically been used to study hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,myopia,and psychosocial stress-induced depression,with more recent studies focusing on developing animal models for infectious and neurodegenerative diseases.Despite these efforts,the impact of tree shrew models has not yet matched that of rodent or NHP models in biomedical research.This review summarizes the prominent advancements in tree shrew research and reflects on the key biological questions addressed using this model.We emphasize that intensive dedication and robust international collaboration are essential for achieving breakthroughs in tree shrew studies.The use of tree shrews as a unique resource is expected to gain considerable attention with the application of advanced techniques and the development of viable animal models,meeting the increasing demands of life science and biomedical research.展开更多
Background:Spinal cord injury presents a significant burden globally,with traumatic spinal cord injury being the predominant cause historically.However,nontraumatic spinal cord injury(NTSCI)is emerging as a significan...Background:Spinal cord injury presents a significant burden globally,with traumatic spinal cord injury being the predominant cause historically.However,nontraumatic spinal cord injury(NTSCI)is emerging as a significant contributor,particularly in devel-oped nations,yet it remains poorly understood due to underreporting and misclassifi-cation.NTSCI,spanning various etiologies such as bony growths,vascular conditions,infections,neoplastic conditions,and immune disorders,poses unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment,often resulting in lifelong morbidity.This study addresses the lack of suitable animal models for NTSCI research,especially in neonatal animals.Methods:Utilizing a solid spacer approach,we developed a compression NTSCI model applicable to both neonatal and adult Sprague-Dawley rats.Results:Through anatomical measurements and in vivo experiments,we confirmed the feasibility and safety of the spacer insertion procedure and observed no acute off-target effects.Conclusion:The versatility of this model lies in its adaptability to different ages of rats,offering a cost-effective and reproducible means to induce graded injuries.Moreover,behavioral assessments demonstrated observable hindlimb function,validating the model's utility for studying functional outcomes.Although challenges persist,par-ticularly in accounting for spinal column growth in neonatal animals,this model fills a crucial gap in pediatric NTSCI research.By providing a platform to investigate patho-physiological mechanisms and test potential treatments,it offers promising avenues for advancing our understanding and management of pediatric NTSCI.展开更多
Advanced brain organoids provide promising platforms for deciphering the cellular and molecular processes of human neural development and diseases.Although various studies and reviews have described developments and a...Advanced brain organoids provide promising platforms for deciphering the cellular and molecular processes of human neural development and diseases.Although various studies and reviews have described developments and advancements in brain organoids,few studies have comprehensively summarized and analyzed the global trends in this area of neuroscience.To identify and further facilitate the development of cerebral organoids,we utilized bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze the global trends and evolution of brain organoids in the last 10 years.First,annual publications,countries/regions,organizations,journals,authors,co-citations,and keywords relating to brain organoids were identified.The hotspots in this field were also systematically identified.Subsequently,current applications for brain organoids in neuroscience,including human neural development,neural disorders,infectious diseases,regenerative medicine,drug discovery,and toxicity assessment studies,are comprehensively discussed.Towards that end,several considerations regarding the current challenges in brain organoid research and future strategies to advance neuroscience will be presented to further promote their application in neurological research.展开更多
Animal models have been a crucial tool in neuroscience research for decades,providing insights into the biomedical and evolutionary mechanisms of the nervous system,disease,and behavior.However,their use has raised co...Animal models have been a crucial tool in neuroscience research for decades,providing insights into the biomedical and evolutionary mechanisms of the nervous system,disease,and behavior.However,their use has raised concerns on several ethical,clinical,and scientific considerations.The welfare of animals and the 3R principles(replacement,reduction,refinement)are the focus of the ethical concerns,targeting the importance of reducing the stress and suffering of these models.Several laws and guidelines are applied and developed to protect animal rights during experimenting.Concurrently,in the clinic and biomedical fields,discussions on the relevance of animal model findings on human organisms have increased.Latest data suggest that in a considerable amount of time the animal model results are not translatable in humans,costing time and money.Alternative methods,such as in vitro(cell culture,microscopy,organoids,and micro physiological systems)techniques and in silico(computational)modeling,have emerged as potential replacements for animal models,providing more accurate data in a minimized cost.By adopting alternative methods and promoting ethical considerations in research practices,we can achieve the 3R goals while upholding our responsibility to both humans and other animals.Our goal is to present a thorough review of animal models used in neuroscience from the biomedical,evolutionary,and ethical perspectives.The novelty of this research lies in integrating diverse points of views to provide an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of animal models in neuroscience and in discussing potential alternative methods.展开更多
The thesis of this paper is that the digital noosphere of the World Wide Web and its users,the borderless move of virtually all resources of the planet,and the consequent globalization of most aspects of national poli...The thesis of this paper is that the digital noosphere of the World Wide Web and its users,the borderless move of virtually all resources of the planet,and the consequent globalization of most aspects of national politics,economy,and culture,along with the increasing difficulty of controlling the related high-tech military conflicts,human-made environmental crises,and the abnormal migrations of abused people now make it inevitable to leave behind the competitive international chaos rooted in humankind’s animal past and turn to the cooperative social spirit recommended by Aristotle,Lao Tzu,Jesus,Dante,H.G.Wells,Martin Luther King Jr.,John Lennon,Nicholas Hagger,and others to finally translate their aspirations into actions via establishing the Government of Earth for the decent and free.The paper presents a five-step,15-year,~$25B plan to start this process.That this plan has nothing to do with the Godless work of secret societies,the authoritarian urges of renewed fascism or the political absurdities of Marxism-Leninism it is relayed by the envisioned Intercontinental Education System of the outlined Government of Earth to teach every child on the planet-via a new community of digitally linked extraordinary teachers-for the beauty of lifelong learning,tolerance,duty,honor,free cooperation,and artful communication for divine missions.展开更多
Electroencephalography(EEG)is a non-invasive measurement method for brain activity.Due to its safety,high resolution,and hypersensitivity to dynamic changes in brain neural signals,EEG has aroused much interest in sci...Electroencephalography(EEG)is a non-invasive measurement method for brain activity.Due to its safety,high resolution,and hypersensitivity to dynamic changes in brain neural signals,EEG has aroused much interest in scientific research and medical felds.This article reviews the types of EEG signals,multiple EEG signal analysis methods,and the application of relevant methods in the neuroscience feld and for diagnosing neurological diseases.First,3 types of EEG signals,including time-invariant EEG,accurate event-related EEG,and random event-related EEG,are introduced.Second,5 main directions for the methods of EEG analysis,including power spectrum analysis,time-frequency analysis,connectivity analysis,source localization methods,and machine learning methods,are described in the main section,along with diferent sub-methods and effect evaluations for solving the same problem.Finally,the application scenarios of different EEG analysis methods are emphasized,and the advantages and disadvantages of similar methods are distinguished.This article is expected to assist researchers in selecting suitable EEG analysis methods based on their research objectives,provide references for subsequent research,and summarize current issues and prospects for the future.展开更多
One in five Americans experience symptoms associated with at least one mental health disorder every year. These include behavioral addictions, which have long been overlooked despite their similar neural bases with su...One in five Americans experience symptoms associated with at least one mental health disorder every year. These include behavioral addictions, which have long been overlooked despite their similar neural bases with substance addictions. Gambling addiction, a type of behavioral addiction, deserves particular attention given the significant negative effects, this addiction has on financial and interpersonal health. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature concerning the behavioral and neural processes involved in gambling addiction, including: the anticipation of reward, the role of dopamine, and the neural substrates of the decision-making processes involved in gambling addiction. Market research has also identified solutions that integrate applied neuroscience and self-tracking systems to monitor and manage mental health issues associated with gambling addiction. The authors then propose a gambling treatment-focused mobile app solution that addresses outstanding issues with a special design aimed at reversing plasticity in order to relieve the effects of gambling addiction. .展开更多
文摘The human nucleus accumbens(NA), a major part of the ventral striatum, is the area of continuity between the putamen and head of the caudate nucleus. It consists of two parts, a shell laterally and a core medially. The first is mainly connected to the limbic system and the second to the extrapyramidal motor system. The NA, a major pleasure center of the human brain, acts as a limbic-motor interface and is involved in several cognitive, emotional and psychomotor functions. It has a modulating function in the amygdala-basal gangliaprefrontal cortex circuit. It is considered as the neural interface between motivation and action. Further, it is a principal modulator of the reward circuits and supplies motor expression to emotional responses. Such a clinical significance could easily explain the intense work taking place in the respective field of basic research. Its exceptional clinical importance justifies the title of the "King of Neurosciences" for this nucleus. Purpose of this editorial is to review the "informational paths" left behind by the few researchers who tried to explore the architecture(gross anatomy) of this ‘kingdom'. The first anatomical study focused on this nucleus came from Neto et al. The most extensive study of the NA gross, imaging, stereotactic and neurosurgical anatomy so far,came from the research efforts of Mavridis et al.
文摘SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED-NEUROSCIENCES-JOURNAL LIST Total journals： 245 1. ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE Monthly ISSN： 1948-7193 AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, USA, DC, 20036 · Science Citation Index Expanded · BIOSIS Previews
基金The NIH Common Fund(NFC)was established to support cross-cutting,trans-NIH programs that require participation by at least two NIH Institutes or Centers.Currently there are 30 cross-cutting programs under the support by NFC,including 4D nucleome,stimulating pe-ripheral activity to relieve conditions(SPARC)metabolomics,extracellular RNA communication,regenerative medicine program(RMP)The budget for fiscal year 2017 is 209 million.This is a good source of funding opportunity for PIs whose research requires multidisciplinary collaboration.For example,a research project on stem-cell based therapy to treat age-related macular degeneration has got funded from RMP(Lowenthal et al.,2012)
文摘Overview：Over 30,000 neuroscientists participated in the 46^th annual meeting of the Society for Neurosciences（Sf N 2016）,which was held in San Diego,California from November 12th to 16^th.More than 15,000 research projects were presented or discussed in the world’s largest conference in biomedical sciences.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFC0909200(to DC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.62075225(to HZ)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Medical Health Science and Technology Project,No.2023XY053(to ZP)Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Science and Technology Project,No.2023ZL703(to ZP).
文摘Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences.In this article,we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of neuropsychiatry.Available evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease,cerebrovascular disease,glioma,psychiatric disease,traumatic brain injury,and myelin deficit.In vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric diseases.Although the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood,the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications.However,the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical applications.This review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81901324)the Youth Innovation Technology Project of Higher School in Shandong Province(2023KJ261).
文摘The nervous system is the dominant regulatory system in the human body.The traditional theory is that tumors lack innervation.However,an increasing number of studies have shown complex bidirectional interactions between tumors and the nervous system.Globally,colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer.With the rise of tumor neuroscience,the role of nervous system imbalances in the occurrence and development of CRC has attracted increasing amounts of attention.However,there are still many gaps in the research on the interactions and mechanisms involved in the nervous system in CRC.This article systematically reviews emerging research on the bidirectional relationships between the nervous system and CRC,focusing on the following areas:(1)Effects of the nervous system on colon cancer.(2)Effects of CRC on the nervous system.(3)Treatment of CRC associated with the nervous system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant numbers 82071057,82101229]Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province Project[Grant 2021BCA144]。
文摘The sensation of ear fullness is a prevalent symptom encountered in clinical practice at ear clinics.It can manifest in various conditions,including external auditory canal diseases,middle ear diseases,inner ear diseases,as well as non-ear related disorders such as autonomic nervous dysfunction and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.Despite extensive research efforts,the underlying mechanism of ear fullness remains complex and not fully elucidated.Furthermore,the mechanism of ear fullness varies depending on the specific anatomical site and associated disease pathology.In this article,we have conducted a comprehensive literature review to explore the mechanisms underlying ear fullness across different sites of the auditory conduction pathway.By focusing on these lesions and their correlation with ear fullness,we aim to provide an updated understanding on the etiology,diagnosis,and therapy for ear fullness-related diseases.
文摘In compliance with“Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China”,it is agreed by the author(s)of the said article as follows upon signing of this statement:The said article shall be published in Journal of Trans-lational Neuroscience.The author(s)shall grant the fol-lowing worldwide exclusive rights carried by the said article in different languages to Journal of Translational Neuroscience free of charge:reproductions,distribution,electronic dissemination,translation and compilation.The author(s)authorize(s)Journal of Translational Neu-roscience to register the said article(including all the in-termedia)with the proper copyright authorities.
文摘The intricate interplay between neurotransmitter systems,neural circuits,and neuroendocrine pathways underpins brain function and dysfunction in neurological and psychiatric disorders.This review synthesizes contemporary advances in neuropharmacology,focusing on dopaminergic,serotonergic,glutamatergic,and GABAergic systems,and their roles in regulating motor control,cognition,emotion,and stress responses.Dopaminergic pathways,including the nigrostriatal,mesolimbic,and mesocortical circuits,are explored in the context of Parkinson’s disease,schizophrenia,and addiction,with emphasis on pharmacological agents such as L-DOPA,antipsychotics,and amphetamines.Serotonergic modulation through SSRIs and psychedelics is examined for its impact on mood and neuroplasticity,while glutamatergic and GABAergic systems are discussed in relation to synaptic plasticity,excitotoxicity,and therapeutic innovations like ketamine and benzodiazepines.The neuroendocrine system,particularly the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis,is highlighted for its role in stress-related disorders and interactions with neurotransmitter networks.Despite progress,significant challenges persist,including translational gaps between preclinical models and human trials,species-specifi c receptor disparities,and ethical dilemmas surrounding cognitive enhancers and genetic manipulation.Emerging frontiers such as nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery,optogenetics,and gut-brain axis modulation are reviewed as transformative approaches to overcome these barriers.Personalized medicine,integrating neuroimaging biomarkers and pharmacogenomics,promises to tailor therapies to individual neural and genetic profi les,while biased agonists and closed-loop systems exemplify the shift toward circuit-specifi c interventions.Ethical considerations,including equitable access to advanced therapies and responsible innovation,are underscored as critical to ensuring societal benefi t.By harmonizing molecular precision with systems neuroscience,this review advocates for interdisciplinary strategies to advance neuropharmacology,ultimately aiming to restore dynamic neural and neuroendocrine homeostasis in health and disease.
基金supported by High-level talent introduction funds from the First Hospital of Lanzhou University.
文摘Cancer neuroscience is an emerging discipline that is developing at a high speed.Its main field lies in studying the interaction between tumors and the nervous system,thereby offering new perspective on cancer initiation and progression.In this editorial,we briefly reviewed the origin and development process of cancer neuroscience,and gave a brief introduction to its research contents.Finally,we discussed the future development directions of this discipline.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Education(Singapore)(MOE-T2EP50220-0022)SUTD-MIT International Design Center(Singapore)+3 种基金SUTD-ZJU IDEA Grant Program(SUTD-ZJU(VP)201903)SUTD Kickstarter Initiative(SKI 2021_02_03,SKI 2021_02_17,SKI 2021_01_04)Agency of Science,Technology and Research(Singapore)(A20G9b0135)National Supercomputing Centre(Singapore)(15001618)。
文摘Neuromorphic computing has the potential to overcome limitations of traditional silicon technology in machine learning tasks.Recent advancements in large crossbar arrays and silicon-based asynchronous spiking neural networks have led to promising neuromorphic systems.However,developing compact parallel computing technology for integrating artificial neural networks into traditional hardware remains a challenge.Organic computational materials offer affordable,biocompatible neuromorphic devices with exceptional adjustability and energy-efficient switching.Here,the review investigates the advancements made in the development of organic neuromorphic devices.This review explores resistive switching mechanisms such as interface-regulated filament growth,molecular-electronic dynamics,nanowire-confined filament growth,and vacancy-assisted ion migration,while proposing methodologies to enhance state retention and conductance adjustment.The survey examines the challenges faced in implementing low-power neuromorphic computing,e.g.,reducing device size and improving switching time.The review analyses the potential of these materials in adjustable,flexible,and low-power consumption applications,viz.biohybrid spiking circuits interacting with biological systems,systems that respond to specific events,robotics,intelligent agents,neuromorphic computing,neuromorphic bioelectronics,neuroscience,and other applications,and prospects of this technology.
文摘Selfishness,understood as excessive focus on the self,appears to be a predominant feature of contemporary culture.While the degree of self-focus is adaptive for survival and decision-making,self-rigidity has been associated with significant psychological,interpersonal,and social costs.Throughout history,philosophers,religious leaders,and social activists have promoted a“hypo-egoic”way of being,characterized by reduced self-fixation and greater openness to others.However,a key question arises:How can one cultivate a more flexible and interdependent perspective on the self?Deconstructive meditations are a group of contemplative practices that aim to dismantle self-rigidity by exploring perception,cognition,and emotion.Their central mechanism is self-inquiry,an experiential process that involves directly observing patterns of the self,questioning the solidity of identity,and developing new ways to relate to experience.From the perspective of contemplative neuroscience,these practices have been shown to reduce selfnarrative identification and promote psychological flexibility.Despite their potential,empirical research on deconstructive meditations remains limited and requires further investigation.This article reviews the essential findings on practices,their connection to psychotherapy,and their potential therapeutic applications.Finally,their clinical implications are discussed along with future research directions to validate their impact on mental health.
文摘Journal of Translational Neuroscience(JTN),is a quarterly,peer reviewed electronic journal taking the CD for medium.Aims and Scope JTN covers research findings in all subfields of neuroscience as well as in the fields of neurology,neurosurgery and psychiatry.It provides a closer interaction between basic and clinical neuroscientists to expand understanding of brain structure,function and disease,and translate this knowledge into clinical applications and novel therapies of nervous system disorders.
文摘This paper obtains the 1-soliton solution by the ansatz method for the proposed model that governs the propagation of solitons through the neurons. This model is an improved one that describes the solitons in neurosciences more accurately. The ansatz method is applied to obtain the 1-soliton solution to the model. The Lie symmetry analysis is subsequently applied to obtain the conservation laws for the model.
基金supported by the STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0200900 to Y.G.Y.)"Light of West China" Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzg-zdsys-202302 to Y.G.Y.)
文摘The tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri)has long been proposed as a suitable alternative to non-human primates(NHPs)in biomedical and laboratory research due to its close evolutionary relationship with primates.In recent years,significant advances have facilitated tree shrew studies,including the determination of the tree shrew genome,genetic manipulation using spermatogonial stem cells,viral vector-mediated gene delivery,and mapping of the tree shrew brain atlas.However,the limited availability of tree shrews globally remains a substantial challenge in the field.Additionally,determining the key questions best answered using tree shrews constitutes another difficulty.Tree shrew models have historically been used to study hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,myopia,and psychosocial stress-induced depression,with more recent studies focusing on developing animal models for infectious and neurodegenerative diseases.Despite these efforts,the impact of tree shrew models has not yet matched that of rodent or NHP models in biomedical research.This review summarizes the prominent advancements in tree shrew research and reflects on the key biological questions addressed using this model.We emphasize that intensive dedication and robust international collaboration are essential for achieving breakthroughs in tree shrew studies.The use of tree shrews as a unique resource is expected to gain considerable attention with the application of advanced techniques and the development of viable animal models,meeting the increasing demands of life science and biomedical research.
基金Reggie Ridlen has been supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) scholarshipand funded by the University of Technology,Sydney
文摘Background:Spinal cord injury presents a significant burden globally,with traumatic spinal cord injury being the predominant cause historically.However,nontraumatic spinal cord injury(NTSCI)is emerging as a significant contributor,particularly in devel-oped nations,yet it remains poorly understood due to underreporting and misclassifi-cation.NTSCI,spanning various etiologies such as bony growths,vascular conditions,infections,neoplastic conditions,and immune disorders,poses unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment,often resulting in lifelong morbidity.This study addresses the lack of suitable animal models for NTSCI research,especially in neonatal animals.Methods:Utilizing a solid spacer approach,we developed a compression NTSCI model applicable to both neonatal and adult Sprague-Dawley rats.Results:Through anatomical measurements and in vivo experiments,we confirmed the feasibility and safety of the spacer insertion procedure and observed no acute off-target effects.Conclusion:The versatility of this model lies in its adaptability to different ages of rats,offering a cost-effective and reproducible means to induce graded injuries.Moreover,behavioral assessments demonstrated observable hindlimb function,validating the model's utility for studying functional outcomes.Although challenges persist,par-ticularly in accounting for spinal column growth in neonatal animals,this model fills a crucial gap in pediatric NTSCI research.By providing a platform to investigate patho-physiological mechanisms and test potential treatments,it offers promising avenues for advancing our understanding and management of pediatric NTSCI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82204083(to ML)and 12372303(to BW)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.cstc2021jcy-jmsxmX0171(to ML).
文摘Advanced brain organoids provide promising platforms for deciphering the cellular and molecular processes of human neural development and diseases.Although various studies and reviews have described developments and advancements in brain organoids,few studies have comprehensively summarized and analyzed the global trends in this area of neuroscience.To identify and further facilitate the development of cerebral organoids,we utilized bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze the global trends and evolution of brain organoids in the last 10 years.First,annual publications,countries/regions,organizations,journals,authors,co-citations,and keywords relating to brain organoids were identified.The hotspots in this field were also systematically identified.Subsequently,current applications for brain organoids in neuroscience,including human neural development,neural disorders,infectious diseases,regenerative medicine,drug discovery,and toxicity assessment studies,are comprehensively discussed.Towards that end,several considerations regarding the current challenges in brain organoid research and future strategies to advance neuroscience will be presented to further promote their application in neurological research.
文摘Animal models have been a crucial tool in neuroscience research for decades,providing insights into the biomedical and evolutionary mechanisms of the nervous system,disease,and behavior.However,their use has raised concerns on several ethical,clinical,and scientific considerations.The welfare of animals and the 3R principles(replacement,reduction,refinement)are the focus of the ethical concerns,targeting the importance of reducing the stress and suffering of these models.Several laws and guidelines are applied and developed to protect animal rights during experimenting.Concurrently,in the clinic and biomedical fields,discussions on the relevance of animal model findings on human organisms have increased.Latest data suggest that in a considerable amount of time the animal model results are not translatable in humans,costing time and money.Alternative methods,such as in vitro(cell culture,microscopy,organoids,and micro physiological systems)techniques and in silico(computational)modeling,have emerged as potential replacements for animal models,providing more accurate data in a minimized cost.By adopting alternative methods and promoting ethical considerations in research practices,we can achieve the 3R goals while upholding our responsibility to both humans and other animals.Our goal is to present a thorough review of animal models used in neuroscience from the biomedical,evolutionary,and ethical perspectives.The novelty of this research lies in integrating diverse points of views to provide an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of animal models in neuroscience and in discussing potential alternative methods.
文摘The thesis of this paper is that the digital noosphere of the World Wide Web and its users,the borderless move of virtually all resources of the planet,and the consequent globalization of most aspects of national politics,economy,and culture,along with the increasing difficulty of controlling the related high-tech military conflicts,human-made environmental crises,and the abnormal migrations of abused people now make it inevitable to leave behind the competitive international chaos rooted in humankind’s animal past and turn to the cooperative social spirit recommended by Aristotle,Lao Tzu,Jesus,Dante,H.G.Wells,Martin Luther King Jr.,John Lennon,Nicholas Hagger,and others to finally translate their aspirations into actions via establishing the Government of Earth for the decent and free.The paper presents a five-step,15-year,~$25B plan to start this process.That this plan has nothing to do with the Godless work of secret societies,the authoritarian urges of renewed fascism or the political absurdities of Marxism-Leninism it is relayed by the envisioned Intercontinental Education System of the outlined Government of Earth to teach every child on the planet-via a new community of digitally linked extraordinary teachers-for the beauty of lifelong learning,tolerance,duty,honor,free cooperation,and artful communication for divine missions.
基金supported by the STI2030 Major Projects(2021ZD0204300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61803003,62003228).
文摘Electroencephalography(EEG)is a non-invasive measurement method for brain activity.Due to its safety,high resolution,and hypersensitivity to dynamic changes in brain neural signals,EEG has aroused much interest in scientific research and medical felds.This article reviews the types of EEG signals,multiple EEG signal analysis methods,and the application of relevant methods in the neuroscience feld and for diagnosing neurological diseases.First,3 types of EEG signals,including time-invariant EEG,accurate event-related EEG,and random event-related EEG,are introduced.Second,5 main directions for the methods of EEG analysis,including power spectrum analysis,time-frequency analysis,connectivity analysis,source localization methods,and machine learning methods,are described in the main section,along with diferent sub-methods and effect evaluations for solving the same problem.Finally,the application scenarios of different EEG analysis methods are emphasized,and the advantages and disadvantages of similar methods are distinguished.This article is expected to assist researchers in selecting suitable EEG analysis methods based on their research objectives,provide references for subsequent research,and summarize current issues and prospects for the future.
文摘One in five Americans experience symptoms associated with at least one mental health disorder every year. These include behavioral addictions, which have long been overlooked despite their similar neural bases with substance addictions. Gambling addiction, a type of behavioral addiction, deserves particular attention given the significant negative effects, this addiction has on financial and interpersonal health. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature concerning the behavioral and neural processes involved in gambling addiction, including: the anticipation of reward, the role of dopamine, and the neural substrates of the decision-making processes involved in gambling addiction. Market research has also identified solutions that integrate applied neuroscience and self-tracking systems to monitor and manage mental health issues associated with gambling addiction. The authors then propose a gambling treatment-focused mobile app solution that addresses outstanding issues with a special design aimed at reversing plasticity in order to relieve the effects of gambling addiction. .
